release: v1.0.8

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -35,6 +35,15 @@ jobs:
           go-version: "1.22.x"
           cache-dependency-path: backend/go.sum
 
+      - name: Set version from tag
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if [[ "$GITHUB_REF" == refs/tags/v* ]]; then
+            echo "CLICD_VERSION=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/v}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          else
+            echo "CLICD_VERSION=dev" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          fi
+
       - name: Build
         shell: bash
         run: bash build.sh

.gitignore

@@ -63,3 +63,4 @@ backend/tmp/
 .DS_Store
 Thumbs.db
 linux.txt
+push-release.ps1

README.md

@@ -52,3 +52,13 @@ curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MengMengCode/CLICD/main/install.sh
 ![alt text](/img/image.png)
 ![alt text](/img/image-1.png)
 ![alt text](/img/image-2.png)
+
+## Star History
+
+<a href="https://www.star-history.com/?repos=MengMengCode%2FCLICD&type=date&legend=top-left">
+ <picture>
+   <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://api.star-history.com/chart?repos=MengMengCode/CLICD&type=date&theme=dark&legend=top-left" />
+   <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://api.star-history.com/chart?repos=MengMengCode/CLICD&type=date&legend=top-left" />
+   <img alt="Star History Chart" src="https://api.star-history.com/chart?repos=MengMengCode/CLICD&type=date&legend=top-left" />
+ </picture>
+</a>

backend/internal/api/apikey.go

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package api
 
 import (
 	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"crypto/subtle"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"net"
@@ -11,8 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"clicd/internal/config"
-
-	"github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5"
 )
 
 type ApiKey struct {
@@ -116,6 +116,11 @@ func generateShortID() string {
 
 // hashKey creates a simple hash for storage (not reversible)
 func hashKey(key string) string {
+	sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(key))
+	return hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])
+}
+
+func legacyHashKey(key string) string {
 	b := make([]byte, 32)
 	for i := range key {
 		b[i%32] ^= key[i]
@@ -126,8 +131,10 @@ func hashKey(key string) string {
 // validateApiKey checks if the given key is valid and IP is allowed
 func validateApiKey(rawKey, clientIP string) bool {
 	hashed := hashKey(rawKey)
+	legacyHashed := legacyHashKey(rawKey)
 	for _, k := range config.AppConfig.ApiKeys {
-		if k.KeyHash == hashed {
+		if subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(k.KeyHash), []byte(hashed)) == 1 ||
+			subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(k.KeyHash), []byte(legacyHashed)) == 1 {
 			if k.IPWhitelist == "" {
 				return true
 			}
@@ -137,6 +144,29 @@ func validateApiKey(rawKey, clientIP string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func apiKeyFromRequest(r *http.Request) string {
+	if apiKey := strings.TrimSpace(r.Header.Get("X-API-Key")); apiKey != "" {
+		return apiKey
+	}
+	auth := r.Header.Get("Authorization")
+	if strings.HasPrefix(auth, "Bearer clicd_sk_") {
+		return strings.TrimPrefix(auth, "Bearer ")
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func isValidApiKeyRequest(r *http.Request) bool {
+	apiKey := apiKeyFromRequest(r)
+	if apiKey == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !validateApiKey(apiKey, clientIP(r)) {
+		return false
+	}
+	updateApiKeyLastUsed(apiKey)
+	return true
+}
+
 // isIPAllowed checks if clientIP matches any entry in the whitelist
 func isIPAllowed(clientIP, whitelist string) bool {
 	clientIP = strings.TrimSpace(clientIP)
@@ -211,52 +241,15 @@ func updateApiKeyLastUsed(rawKey string) {
 	}
 }
 
-// ApiKeyMiddleware authenticates requests via X-API-Key header or ?api_key query param
+// ApiKeyMiddleware authenticates requests via X-API-Key header or Authorization bearer.
 func ApiKeyMiddleware(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		// Check header
-		apiKey := r.Header.Get("X-API-Key")
-		if apiKey == "" {
-			// Check query param
-			apiKey = r.URL.Query().Get("api_key")
-		}
-		if apiKey == "" {
-			// Check Bearer token (some clients use this)
-			auth := r.Header.Get("Authorization")
-			if strings.HasPrefix(auth, "Bearer clicd_sk_") {
-				apiKey = strings.TrimPrefix(auth, "Bearer ")
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Get client IP
-		clientIP := r.RemoteAddr
-		if forwarded := r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For"); forwarded != "" {
-			clientIP = strings.Split(forwarded, ",")[0]
-		}
-		if apiKey == "" || !validateApiKey(apiKey, clientIP) {
+		apiKey := apiKeyFromRequest(r)
+		if apiKey == "" || !validateApiKey(apiKey, clientIP(r)) {
 			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid API key or IP not in whitelist"})
 			return
 		}
 
-		// Generate a short-lived JWT so downstream admin middleware passes
-		token := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodHS256, jwt.MapClaims{
-			"username": config.AppConfig.AdminUser,
-			"api_key":  true,
-			"exp":      time.Now().Add(5 * time.Minute).Unix(),
-			"iat":      time.Now().Unix(),
-		})
-		tokenString, _ := token.SignedString([]byte(config.AppConfig.JWTSecret))
-
-		// Set cookie for subsequent requests
-		http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{
-			Name:     "clicd_token",
-			Value:    tokenString,
-			Path:     "/",
-			HttpOnly: false,
-			SameSite: http.SameSiteLaxMode,
-			MaxAge:   300,
-		})
-
 		updateApiKeyLastUsed(apiKey)
 		next(w, r)
 	}

backend/internal/api/auth.go

@@ -100,10 +100,7 @@ func HandleLogin(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	ip := r.RemoteAddr
-	if forwarded := r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For"); forwarded != "" {
-		ip = forwarded
-	}
+	ip := clientIP(r)
 	ua := r.Header.Get("User-Agent")
 
 	if req.Username != config.AppConfig.AdminUser {
@@ -192,7 +189,7 @@ func HandleCheckAuth(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 func AuthMiddleware(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		tokenString := tokenFromRequest(r)
-		if !isValidToken(tokenString) {
+		if !isValidToken(tokenString) && !isValidApiKeyRequest(r) {
 			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Authentication required"})
 			return
 		}

backend/internal/api/handlers.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 
 	"clicd/internal/config"
 	"clicd/internal/lxc"
+	"clicd/internal/version"
 )
 
 var lxcManager = lxc.NewManager()
@@ -69,6 +70,8 @@ func HandleSingleContainer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		updateExpiry(w, r, id)
 	case action == "ipv6" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
 		assignIPv6(w, r, id)
+	case action == "snapshots" || strings.HasPrefix(action, "snapshots/"):
+		handleContainerSnapshots(w, r, id, action)
 	case action == "port-mappings" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
 		addPortMapping(w, r, id)
 	case strings.HasPrefix(action, "port-mappings/") && r.Method == http.MethodPut:
@@ -105,6 +108,10 @@ func createContainer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Template is required"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !isTemplateEnabledAndDownloaded(cfg.TemplateID) {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Template is not enabled or downloaded"})
+		return
+	}
 	if cfg.VCPU <= 0 {
 		cfg.VCPU = 1
 	}
@@ -121,6 +128,9 @@ func createContainer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Port mapping count cannot exceed 64"})
 		return
 	}
+	if cfg.SnapshotLimit <= 0 {
+		cfg.SnapshotLimit = config.DefaultSnapshotLimit
+	}
 	if err := validateContainerResourceRequest(cfg.VCPU, cfg.RAMMB, cfg.DiskGB); err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return
@@ -311,6 +321,10 @@ func HandleTemplates(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if isSubUserRequest(r) {
+		HandleEnabledImages(w, r)
+		return
+	}
 	templates := lxc.GetTemplates()
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: templates})
 }
@@ -438,3 +452,14 @@ func deletePortMapping(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int, indexStr
 	}
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: mappings})
 }
+
+// HandleVersion returns the current CLICD version.
+func HandleVersion(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if r.Method != http.MethodGet {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
+		return
+	}
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: map[string]string{
+		"version": version.Current(),
+	}})
+}

backend/internal/api/images.go

@@ -272,6 +272,15 @@ func HandleEnabledImages(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: result})
 }
 
+func isTemplateEnabledAndDownloaded(templateID string) bool {
+	tmpl := lxc.FindTemplate(templateID)
+	if tmpl == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	enabledSet := getEnabledImageSet()
+	return enabledSet[tmpl.ID] && isImageDownloaded(tmpl.Distro, tmpl.Release, tmpl.Arch)
+}
+
 func ensureImageEnabled(id string) {
 	// If the enabled list is empty, all templates are currently enabled by default.
 	// We must populate the list with all template IDs first so that explicit toggles stick.

backend/internal/api/oversell.go

@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ func updateOversell(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid request body"})
 		return
 	}
+	if cfg.SubUserSnapshotLimit <= 0 {
+		cfg.SubUserSnapshotLimit = 3
+	}
 
 	// Apply KSM
 	if cfg.KSMEnabled {

backend/internal/api/request.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func clientIP(r *http.Request) string {
+	host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(strings.TrimSpace(r.RemoteAddr))
+	if err == nil {
+		return host
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(r.RemoteAddr)
+}

backend/internal/api/routing.go

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"clicd/internal/config"
+	"clicd/internal/lxc"
+)
+
+type routeCapacity struct {
+	Used      int    `json:"used"`
+	Remaining string `json:"remaining"`
+	Total     string `json:"total"`
+}
+
+type nat4Route struct {
+	ContainerID   int    `json:"container_id"`
+	ContainerName string `json:"container_name"`
+	LXCName       string `json:"lxc_name"`
+	Status        string `json:"status"`
+	IP            string `json:"ip"`
+	HostPort      int    `json:"host_port"`
+	ContainerPort int    `json:"container_port"`
+	Protocol      string `json:"protocol"`
+	Description   string `json:"description"`
+}
+
+type ipv6Route struct {
+	ContainerID   int    `json:"container_id"`
+	ContainerName string `json:"container_name"`
+	LXCName       string `json:"lxc_name"`
+	Status        string `json:"status"`
+	Address       string `json:"address"`
+	PrefixLen     int    `json:"prefix_len"`
+	Interface     string `json:"interface"`
+}
+
+type routingResponse struct {
+	NAT4            routeCapacity        `json:"nat4"`
+	IPv6            routeCapacity        `json:"ipv6"`
+	NAT4Mappings    []nat4Route          `json:"nat4_mappings"`
+	IPv6Assignments []ipv6Route          `json:"ipv6_assignments"`
+	IPv6Prefixes    []lxc.IPv6PrefixInfo `json:"ipv6_prefixes"`
+}
+
+func HandleRouting(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if r.Method != http.MethodGet {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	nat4Mappings := make([]nat4Route, 0)
+	usedPorts := map[int]bool{}
+	ipv6Assignments := make([]ipv6Route, 0)
+
+	const nat4StartPort = 20000
+	const nat4EndPort = 65535
+
+	for _, c := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
+		for _, pm := range c.PortMappings {
+			if pm.HostPort >= nat4StartPort && pm.HostPort <= nat4EndPort {
+				usedPorts[pm.HostPort] = true
+			}
+			nat4Mappings = append(nat4Mappings, nat4Route{
+				ContainerID:   c.ID,
+				ContainerName: c.Name,
+				LXCName:       c.LxcName(),
+				Status:        c.Status,
+				IP:            c.IP,
+				HostPort:      pm.HostPort,
+				ContainerPort: pm.ContainerPort,
+				Protocol:      pm.Protocol,
+				Description:   pm.Description,
+			})
+		}
+		if c.IPv6 != "" {
+			ipv6Assignments = append(ipv6Assignments, ipv6Route{
+				ContainerID:   c.ID,
+				ContainerName: c.Name,
+				LXCName:       c.LxcName(),
+				Status:        c.Status,
+				Address:       c.IPv6,
+				PrefixLen:     c.IPv6PrefixLen,
+				Interface:     c.IPv6Interface,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+	sort.SliceStable(nat4Mappings, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if nat4Mappings[i].HostPort == nat4Mappings[j].HostPort {
+			return nat4Mappings[i].ContainerName < nat4Mappings[j].ContainerName
+		}
+		return nat4Mappings[i].HostPort < nat4Mappings[j].HostPort
+	})
+	sort.SliceStable(ipv6Assignments, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return ipv6Assignments[i].Address < ipv6Assignments[j].Address
+	})
+
+	const totalNAT4Ports = nat4EndPort - nat4StartPort + 1
+	nat4Used := len(usedPorts)
+	nat4Remaining := totalNAT4Ports - nat4Used
+	if nat4Remaining < 0 {
+		nat4Remaining = 0
+	}
+
+	prefixes := lxc.DetectPublicIPv6Prefixes()
+	ipv6Total := "0"
+	ipv6Remaining := "0"
+	if len(prefixes) > 0 {
+		ipv6Total = lxc.IPv6PrefixCapacity(prefixes[0].PrefixLen)
+		ipv6Remaining = subtractCapacity(ipv6Total, len(ipv6Assignments))
+	}
+
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{
+		Success: true,
+		Data: routingResponse{
+			NAT4: routeCapacity{
+				Used:      nat4Used,
+				Remaining: strconv.Itoa(nat4Remaining),
+				Total:     strconv.Itoa(totalNAT4Ports),
+			},
+			IPv6: routeCapacity{
+				Used:      len(ipv6Assignments),
+				Remaining: ipv6Remaining,
+				Total:     ipv6Total,
+			},
+			NAT4Mappings:    nat4Mappings,
+			IPv6Assignments: ipv6Assignments,
+			IPv6Prefixes:    prefixes,
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+func subtractCapacity(total string, used int) string {
+	if total == "" || total == "0" {
+		return "0"
+	}
+	if total == "large" {
+		return "large"
+	}
+	parsed, err := strconv.ParseInt(total, 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return total
+	}
+	remaining := parsed - int64(used)
+	if remaining < 0 {
+		remaining = 0
+	}
+	return strconv.FormatInt(remaining, 10)
+}

backend/internal/api/snapshots.go

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"clicd/internal/config"
+)
+
+func HandleSnapshots(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if r.Method != http.MethodGet {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
+		return
+	}
+	snapshots := append([]config.Snapshot(nil), config.AppConfig.Snapshots...)
+	sortSnapshotsNewestFirst(snapshots)
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: snapshots})
+}
+
+func handleContainerSnapshots(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, containerID int, action string) {
+	switch {
+	case action == "snapshots" && r.Method == http.MethodGet:
+		listContainerSnapshots(w, r, containerID)
+	case action == "snapshots" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+		createContainerSnapshot(w, r, containerID)
+	case action == "snapshots/schedule" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+		updateSnapshotSchedule(w, r, containerID)
+	case action == "snapshots/quota" && r.Method == http.MethodPut:
+		updateSnapshotQuota(w, r, containerID)
+	case strings.HasPrefix(action, "snapshots/") && strings.HasSuffix(action, "/restore") && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+		snapshotID := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(action, "snapshots/"), "/restore")
+		restoreContainerSnapshot(w, r, containerID, snapshotID)
+	case strings.HasPrefix(action, "snapshots/") && r.Method == http.MethodDelete:
+		snapshotID := strings.TrimPrefix(action, "snapshots/")
+		deleteContainerSnapshot(w, r, containerID, snapshotID)
+	default:
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Snapshot action not found"})
+	}
+}
+
+func listContainerSnapshots(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, containerID int) {
+	c := config.FindContainer(containerID)
+	if c == nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Container not found"})
+		return
+	}
+	snapshots := config.ContainerSnapshots(containerID)
+	sortSnapshotsNewestFirst(snapshots)
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: map[string]interface{}{
+		"snapshots": snapshots,
+		"quota":     config.ContainerSnapshotLimit(c),
+		"schedule": map[string]interface{}{
+			"enabled":        c.SnapshotScheduleEnabled,
+			"interval_hours": c.SnapshotScheduleIntervalHours,
+			"time":           c.SnapshotScheduleTime,
+			"last_run":       c.SnapshotScheduleLastRun,
+			"next_run":       c.SnapshotScheduleNextRun,
+			"created_by":     c.SnapshotScheduleCreatedBy,
+		},
+	}})
+}
+
+func createContainerSnapshot(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, containerID int) {
+	user := requestUser(r)
+	if isSubUserRequest(r) {
+		c := config.FindContainer(containerID)
+		limit := config.ContainerSnapshotLimit(c)
+		if len(config.ContainerSnapshots(containerID)) >= limit {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Snapshot quota reached. Delete an old snapshot first."})
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	snapshot, err := lxcManager.CreateSnapshot(containerID, user, false, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+	config.AddAuditLog("snapshot.create", snapshot.ContainerName, snapshot.ID, user)
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusCreated, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: snapshot})
+}
+
+func updateSnapshotQuota(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, containerID int) {
+	if isSubUserRequest(r) {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Sub-users cannot change snapshot quota"})
+		return
+	}
+	var req struct {
+		SnapshotLimit int `json:"snapshot_limit"`
+	}
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid request body"})
+		return
+	}
+	if req.SnapshotLimit <= 0 {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Snapshot quota must be at least 1"})
+		return
+	}
+	c := config.FindContainer(containerID)
+	if c == nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Container not found"})
+		return
+	}
+	c.SnapshotLimit = req.SnapshotLimit
+	if err := config.SaveConfig(); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Failed to save config"})
+		return
+	}
+	user := requestUser(r)
+	config.AddAuditLog("snapshot.quota", c.Name, "limit="+strconv.Itoa(req.SnapshotLimit), user)
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: map[string]interface{}{
+		"container": c,
+		"quota":     c.SnapshotLimit,
+	}})
+}
+
+func updateSnapshotSchedule(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, containerID int) {
+	var req struct {
+		Enabled       bool   `json:"enabled"`
+		IntervalHours int    `json:"interval_hours"`
+		Time          string `json:"time"`
+	}
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid request body"})
+		return
+	}
+	if req.IntervalHours <= 0 {
+		req.IntervalHours = 24
+	}
+	if req.IntervalHours < 24 {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Snapshot schedule interval cannot be less than 24 hours"})
+		return
+	}
+	if req.Time == "" {
+		req.Time = "03:00"
+	}
+	user := requestUser(r)
+	c, err := lxcManager.SetSnapshotSchedule(containerID, req.Enabled, req.IntervalHours, req.Time, user)
+	if err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if req.Enabled {
+		config.AddAuditLog("snapshot.schedule", c.Name, "enabled", user)
+	} else {
+		config.AddAuditLog("snapshot.schedule", c.Name, "disabled", user)
+	}
+
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: map[string]interface{}{
+		"container": c,
+	}})
+}
+
+func deleteContainerSnapshot(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, containerID int, snapshotID string) {
+	snapshot := config.FindSnapshot(snapshotID)
+	if snapshot == nil || snapshot.ContainerID != containerID {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Snapshot not found"})
+		return
+	}
+	user := requestUser(r)
+	if err := lxcManager.DeleteSnapshot(snapshotID); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+	config.AddAuditLog("snapshot.delete", snapshot.ContainerName, snapshot.ID, user)
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "Snapshot deleted"})
+}
+
+func restoreContainerSnapshot(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, containerID int, snapshotID string) {
+	snapshot := config.FindSnapshot(snapshotID)
+	if snapshot == nil || snapshot.ContainerID != containerID {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Snapshot not found"})
+		return
+	}
+	user := requestUser(r)
+	if err := lxcManager.RestoreSnapshot(snapshotID); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+	config.AddAuditLog("snapshot.restore", snapshot.ContainerName, snapshot.ID, user)
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "Snapshot restored"})
+}
+
+func requestUser(r *http.Request) string {
+	if claims, ok := claimsFromRequest(r); ok {
+		if subUser, _ := claims["sub_user"].(string); subUser != "" {
+			return "user:" + subUser
+		}
+		if username, _ := claims["username"].(string); username != "" {
+			return username
+		}
+	}
+	return "admin"
+}
+
+func sortSnapshotsNewestFirst(snapshots []config.Snapshot) {
+	sort.SliceStable(snapshots, func(i, j int) bool {
+		ti, _ := time.Parse("2006-01-02 15:04:05", snapshots[i].CreatedAt)
+		tj, _ := time.Parse("2006-01-02 15:04:05", snapshots[j].CreatedAt)
+		return tj.Before(ti)
+	})
+}

backend/internal/api/ssh.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package api
 
 import (
 	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ func HandleWebSSHTicket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 // HandleWebSSH proxies an SSH session to the browser over WebSocket.
 func HandleWebSSH(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	ticket := r.URL.Query().Get("ticket")
+	ticket := webSSHTicketFromRequest(r)
 	if ticket == "" {
 		http.Error(w, "ticket required", http.StatusUnauthorized)
 		return
@@ -114,7 +115,11 @@ func HandleWebSSH(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		http.Error(w, "container ip is not available", http.StatusBadRequest)
 		return
 	}
-	ws, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
+	responseHeader := http.Header{}
+	if protocol := webSSHTicketProtocol(r); protocol != "" {
+		responseHeader.Set("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol", protocol)
+	}
+	ws, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, responseHeader)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("WebSSH upgrade failed: %v", err)
 		return
@@ -141,7 +146,7 @@ func HandleWebSSH(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		Auth: []ssh.AuthMethod{
 			ssh.Password(c.SSHPassword),
 		},
-		HostKeyCallback: ssh.InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
+		HostKeyCallback: containerHostKeyCallback(c),
 		Timeout:         4 * time.Second,
 	}
 
@@ -250,6 +255,41 @@ func HandleWebSSH(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	log.Printf("WebSSH disconnected for container %s", containerName)
 }
 
+func containerHostKeyCallback(c *config.Container) ssh.HostKeyCallback {
+	return func(hostname string, remote net.Addr, key ssh.PublicKey) error {
+		sum := sha256.Sum256(key.Marshal())
+		fingerprint := hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])
+		if c.SSHHostKey != "" && c.SSHHostKey != fingerprint {
+			return fmt.Errorf("container SSH host key mismatch")
+		}
+		if c.SSHHostKey == "" {
+			c.SSHHostKey = fingerprint
+			config.SaveConfig()
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func webSSHTicketFromRequest(r *http.Request) string {
+	for _, protocol := range websocket.Subprotocols(r) {
+		const prefix = "clicd-ticket."
+		if len(protocol) > len(prefix) && protocol[:len(prefix)] == prefix {
+			return protocol[len(prefix):]
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func webSSHTicketProtocol(r *http.Request) string {
+	for _, protocol := range websocket.Subprotocols(r) {
+		const prefix = "clicd-ticket."
+		if len(protocol) > len(prefix) && protocol[:len(prefix)] == prefix {
+			return protocol
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 func streamSSHOutput(ws *websocket.Conn, writeMu *sync.Mutex, src io.Reader, done chan<- struct{}) {
 	defer func() { done <- struct{}{} }()
 

backend/internal/api/subuser.go

@@ -21,6 +21,28 @@ func generateRandomStr(length int) string {
 	return hex.EncodeToString(b)[:length]
 }
 
+type subUserResponse struct {
+	ID             string   `json:"id"`
+	Username       string   `json:"username"`
+	Password       string   `json:"password,omitempty"`
+	ContainerNames []string `json:"container_names"`
+	ContainerUUIDs []string `json:"container_uuids,omitempty"`
+	AccessCode     string   `json:"access_code"`
+	CreatedAt      string   `json:"created_at"`
+}
+
+func newSubUserResponse(su config.SubUser, password string) subUserResponse {
+	return subUserResponse{
+		ID:             su.ID,
+		Username:       su.Username,
+		Password:       password,
+		ContainerNames: su.ContainerNames,
+		ContainerUUIDs: su.ContainerUUIDs,
+		AccessCode:     su.AccessCode,
+		CreatedAt:      su.CreatedAt,
+	}
+}
+
 // HandleSubUserCreate creates a sub-user for a specific container
 func HandleSubUserCreate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	if r.Method != http.MethodPost {
@@ -47,29 +69,24 @@ func HandleSubUserCreate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// Check if sub-user already exists for this container
 	for i := range config.AppConfig.SubUsers {
 		su := &config.AppConfig.SubUsers[i]
-		for _, cn := range su.ContainerNames {
-			if cn == containerName {
+		for _, uuid := range su.ContainerUUIDs {
+			if uuid == c.UUID {
 				if su.AccessCode == "" {
 					su.AccessCode = generateRandomStr(8)
 				}
-				if su.PassHash == "" && su.Password != "" {
-					if hash, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword([]byte(su.Password), bcrypt.DefaultCost); err == nil {
-						su.PassHash = string(hash)
-					}
+				password := generateRandomStr(16)
+				if hash, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword([]byte(password), bcrypt.DefaultCost); err == nil {
+					su.PassHash = string(hash)
 				}
-				if su.Password == "" {
-					su.Password = generateRandomStr(16)
-					if hash, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword([]byte(su.Password), bcrypt.DefaultCost); err == nil {
-						su.PassHash = string(hash)
-					}
-				}
-				su.Token = newSubUserToken(su.Username, []string{c.UUID}, time.Now().AddDate(1, 0, 0))
+				su.Password = ""
+				su.Token = ""
+				su.ContainerNames = appendUniqueString(su.ContainerNames, containerName)
+				su.ContainerUUIDs = appendUniqueString(su.ContainerUUIDs, c.UUID)
 				config.SaveConfig()
-				// Return existing
 				jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{
 					Success: true,
-					Message: "Sub-user already exists",
-					Data:    *su,
+					Message: "Sub-user password rotated",
+					Data:    newSubUserResponse(*su, password),
 				})
 				return
 			}
@@ -84,16 +101,12 @@ func HandleSubUserCreate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// Generate short access code (8 chars, for URL sharing)
 	accessCode := generateRandomStr(8)
 
-	// Generate JWT for sub-user
-	tokenStr := newSubUserToken(username, []string{c.UUID}, time.Now().AddDate(1, 0, 0))
-
 	subUser := config.SubUser{
 		ID:             "sub-" + generateRandomStr(8),
 		Username:       username,
-		Password:       password,
 		PassHash:       string(hash),
 		ContainerNames: []string{containerName},
-		Token:          tokenStr,
+		ContainerUUIDs: []string{c.UUID},
 		AccessCode:     accessCode,
 		CreatedAt:      time.Now().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"),
 	}
@@ -102,7 +115,7 @@ func HandleSubUserCreate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	config.SaveConfig()
 	config.AddAuditLog("创建子用户", containerName, fmt.Sprintf("用户: %s", username), "admin")
 
-	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "Sub-user created", Data: subUser})
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "Sub-user created", Data: newSubUserResponse(subUser, password)})
 }
 
 // HandleSubUserLogin handles sub-user login
@@ -126,7 +139,7 @@ func HandleSubUserLogin(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if su.Username == req.Username {
 			if err := bcrypt.CompareHashAndPassword([]byte(su.PassHash), []byte(req.Password)); err == nil {
 				// Generate fresh token
-				containerUUIDs := subUserContainerUUIDs(su.ContainerNames)
+				containerUUIDs := activeSubUserContainerUUIDs(&su)
 				if len(containerUUIDs) == 0 {
 					jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "No active container is assigned to this user"})
 					return
@@ -173,7 +186,7 @@ func HandleSubUserAccessCode(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 				return
 			}
 
-			containerUUIDs := subUserContainerUUIDs(su.ContainerNames)
+			containerUUIDs := activeSubUserContainerUUIDs(&su)
 			if len(containerUUIDs) == 0 {
 				jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "No active container is assigned to this link"})
 				return
@@ -224,18 +237,6 @@ func subUserAllowedContainers(r *http.Request) (subUserAccess, bool) {
 		names: make(map[string]bool),
 		uuids: make(map[string]bool),
 	}
-	if containerNames, ok := claims["container_names"].([]interface{}); ok {
-		for _, cn := range containerNames {
-			if name, ok := cn.(string); ok {
-				allowed.names[name] = true
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if containerNames, ok := claims["container_names"].([]string); ok {
-		for _, name := range containerNames {
-			allowed.names[name] = true
-		}
-	}
 	if containerUUIDs, ok := claims["container_uuids"].([]interface{}); ok {
 		for _, item := range containerUUIDs {
 			if uuid, ok := item.(string); ok {
@@ -359,15 +360,27 @@ func filterTasksForRequest(r *http.Request, tasks []*Task) []*Task {
 	}
 	filtered := make([]*Task, 0, len(tasks))
 	for _, task := range tasks {
-		if allowed.names[task.ContainerName] || (task.Config.Name != "" && allowed.names[task.Config.Name]) {
+		if c := config.FindContainer(task.ContainerID); c != nil && isContainerAllowed(allowed, c) {
 			filtered = append(filtered, task)
+			continue
+		}
+		if task.ContainerName != "" {
+			if c := config.FindContainerByName(task.ContainerName); c != nil && isContainerAllowed(allowed, c) {
+				filtered = append(filtered, task)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		if task.Config.Name != "" {
+			if c := config.FindContainerByName(task.Config.Name); c != nil && isContainerAllowed(allowed, c) {
+				filtered = append(filtered, task)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	return filtered
 }
 
 func isContainerAllowed(allowed subUserAccess, c *config.Container) bool {
-	return allowed.names[c.Name] || (c.UUID != "" && allowed.uuids[c.UUID])
+	return c != nil && c.UUID != "" && allowed.uuids[c.UUID]
 }
 
 func isSubUserContainerActionAllowed(action string, method string) bool {
@@ -377,6 +390,12 @@ func isSubUserContainerActionAllowed(action string, method string) bool {
 	switch {
 	case action == "usage" || action == "traffic" || action == "random-port":
 		return method == http.MethodGet
+	case action == "snapshots":
+		return method == http.MethodGet || method == http.MethodPost
+	case action == "snapshots/schedule":
+		return method == http.MethodPost
+	case strings.HasPrefix(action, "snapshots/"):
+		return method == http.MethodDelete || method == http.MethodPost
 	case action == "start" || action == "stop" || action == "restart" || action == "reinstall":
 		return method == http.MethodPost
 	case strings.HasPrefix(action, "port-mappings/"):
@@ -386,16 +405,38 @@ func isSubUserContainerActionAllowed(action string, method string) bool {
 	}
 }
 
+func activeSubUserContainerUUIDs(su *config.SubUser) []string {
+	uuids := make([]string, 0, len(su.ContainerUUIDs))
+	for _, uuid := range su.ContainerUUIDs {
+		if c := config.FindContainerByUUID(uuid); c != nil {
+			uuids = appendUniqueString(uuids, c.UUID)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(uuids) > 0 {
+		return uuids
+	}
+	return subUserContainerUUIDs(su.ContainerNames)
+}
+
 func subUserContainerUUIDs(containerNames []string) []string {
 	uuids := make([]string, 0, len(containerNames))
 	for _, name := range containerNames {
 		if c := config.FindContainerByName(name); c != nil && c.UUID != "" {
-			uuids = append(uuids, c.UUID)
+			uuids = appendUniqueString(uuids, c.UUID)
 		}
 	}
 	return uuids
 }
 
+func appendUniqueString(values []string, value string) []string {
+	for _, existing := range values {
+		if existing == value {
+			return values
+		}
+	}
+	return append(values, value)
+}
+
 func splitPath(path string) []string {
 	parts := make([]string, 0)
 	for _, p := range splitBy(path, "/") {

backend/internal/api/taskqueue.go

@@ -442,6 +442,10 @@ func HandleSingleTaskAction(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int, acti
 				templateID = c.Template
 			}
 		}
+		if !isTemplateEnabledAndDownloaded(templateID) {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Template is not enabled or downloaded"})
+			return
+		}
 		taskType = TaskReinstall
 	default:
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Unknown action"})
@@ -504,6 +508,16 @@ func HandleBatchCreate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if req.Containers[i].DiskGB < 1 {
 			req.Containers[i].DiskGB = 5
 		}
+		if !isTemplateEnabledAndDownloaded(req.Containers[i].TemplateID) {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: name + ": template is not enabled or downloaded"})
+			return
+		}
+		if req.Containers[i].PortMappingCount < 2 {
+			req.Containers[i].PortMappingCount = 2
+		}
+		if req.Containers[i].SnapshotLimit <= 0 {
+			req.Containers[i].SnapshotLimit = config.DefaultSnapshotLimit
+		}
 		if err := validateContainerResourceRequest(req.Containers[i].VCPU, req.Containers[i].RAMMB, req.Containers[i].DiskGB); err != nil {
 			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: name + ": " + err.Error()})
 			return

backend/internal/cli/cli.go

@@ -2,14 +2,20 @@ package cli
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"clicd/internal/config"
 	"clicd/internal/lxc"
+	"clicd/internal/version"
 )
 
 var manager = lxc.NewManager()
@@ -20,12 +26,12 @@ func Run() {
 
 	for {
 		if _, err := config.InitConfig(); err != nil {
-			fmt.Printf("Failed to reload config: %v\n", err)
+			fmt.Printf("重新加载配置失败: %v\n", err)
 			waitEnter(reader)
 		}
 		clearScreen()
 		printMenu()
-		fmt.Print("\nSelect action [1-11,0/q]: ")
+		fmt.Print("\n请选择操作 [1-12,0/q]: ")
 		input, _ := reader.ReadString('\n')
 		input = strings.TrimSpace(input)
 
@@ -71,6 +77,10 @@ func Run() {
 			cliImportExistingContainers()
 			waitEnter(reader)
 		case "11":
+			clearScreen()
+			cliUpgradeSystem(reader)
+			waitEnter(reader)
+		case "12":
 			clearScreen()
 			cliUninstall(reader)
 			return
@@ -79,60 +89,62 @@ func Run() {
 			cliShowInfo()
 			waitEnter(reader)
 		case "q", "exit", "quit":
-			fmt.Println("Bye")
+			fmt.Println("再见")
 			return
 		default:
-			fmt.Println("Invalid selection")
+			fmt.Println("无效选择")
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 func printMenu() {
-	webStatus := "start"
+	webStatus := "启动"
 	if isWebPanelRunning() {
-		webStatus = "stop"
+		webStatus = "停止"
 	}
 	fmt.Println()
 	fmt.Println("  ==========================================")
-	fmt.Println("       CLICD - LXC Container Manager")
+	fmt.Println("       CLICD - LXC 容器管理器")
 	fmt.Println("  ==========================================")
 	fmt.Println()
-	fmt.Printf("  Web panel: %s (port %d)\n", func() string {
+	fmt.Printf("  Web 面板: %s (端口 %d)\n", func() string {
 		if isWebPanelRunning() {
-			return "running"
+			return "运行中"
 		}
-		return "stopped"
+		return "已停止"
 	}(), config.AppConfig.Port)
+	fmt.Printf("  当前版本: %s\n", version.Current())
 	fmt.Println()
-	fmt.Println("  1. List containers")
-	fmt.Println("  2. Create container")
-	fmt.Println("  3. Start container")
-	fmt.Println("  4. Stop container")
-	fmt.Println("  5. Restart container")
-	fmt.Println("  6. Delete container")
-	fmt.Println("  7. Reinstall container")
-	fmt.Println("  8. Reset web admin password")
-	fmt.Printf("  9. %s web panel\n", webStatus)
-	fmt.Println("  10. Import existing LXC containers")
-	fmt.Println("  11. Uninstall CLICD")
-	fmt.Println("  0. System info")
-	fmt.Println("  q. Quit")
+	fmt.Println("  1. 查看容器列表")
+	fmt.Println("  2. 创建容器")
+	fmt.Println("  3. 开机容器")
+	fmt.Println("  4. 关机容器")
+	fmt.Println("  5. 重启容器")
+	fmt.Println("  6. 删除容器")
+	fmt.Println("  7. 重装容器系统")
+	fmt.Println("  8. 重置 Web 管理员密码")
+	fmt.Printf("  9. %s Web 面板\n", webStatus)
+	fmt.Println("  10. 导入现有 LXC 容器")
+	fmt.Println("  11. 检查并升级 CLICD")
+	fmt.Println("  12. 卸载 CLICD")
+	fmt.Println("  0. 系统信息")
+	fmt.Println("  q. 退出")
 }
 
 func cliListContainers() {
 	containers, err := manager.ListContainers()
 	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("Failed to list containers: %v\n", err)
+		fmt.Printf("获取容器列表失败: %v\n", err)
 		return
 	}
 
 	if len(containers) == 0 {
-		fmt.Println("\nNo containers")
+		fmt.Println("\n暂无容器")
 		return
 	}
 
 	fmt.Println()
-	fmt.Printf("%-18s %-10s %-18s %-6s %-10s %-10s %-16s\n", "Name", "Status", "Template", "vCPU", "RAM(MB)", "Disk(GB)", "SSH")
+	fmt.Printf("%-18s %-10s %-18s %-6s %-10s %-10s %-16s\n", "名称", "状态", "镜像", "vCPU", "内存(MB)", "磁盘(GB)", "SSH")
 	fmt.Println(strings.Repeat("-", 94))
 	for _, c := range containers {
 		ssh := "-"
@@ -145,23 +157,23 @@ func cliListContainers() {
 }
 
 func cliCreateContainer(reader *bufio.Reader) {
-	fmt.Println("\n--- Create container ---")
+	fmt.Println("\n--- 创建容器 ---")
 
-	name := promptString(reader, "Container name", "")
+	name := promptString(reader, "容器名称", "")
 	if name == "" {
-		fmt.Println("Container name is required")
+		fmt.Println("容器名称不能为空")
 		return
 	}
 
 	templates := lxc.GetTemplates()
-	fmt.Println("\nAvailable templates:")
+	fmt.Println("\n可用镜像:")
 	for i, template := range templates {
 		fmt.Printf("  %d. %s\n", i+1, template.Name)
 	}
 
-	tmplIdx := promptInt(reader, fmt.Sprintf("Template [1-%d]", len(templates)), 1)
+	tmplIdx := promptInt(reader, fmt.Sprintf("镜像 [1-%d]", len(templates)), 1)
 	if tmplIdx < 1 || tmplIdx > len(templates) {
-		fmt.Println("Invalid template selection")
+		fmt.Println("镜像选择无效")
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -169,22 +181,22 @@ func cliCreateContainer(reader *bufio.Reader) {
 		Name:             name,
 		TemplateID:       templates[tmplIdx-1].ID,
 		VCPU:             promptFloat(reader, "vCPU", 1),
-		RAMMB:            promptInt(reader, "Memory (MB)", 512),
-		DiskGB:           promptInt(reader, "Disk (GB)", 10),
-		NetworkBWMbps:    promptInt(reader, "Network bandwidth (Mbps)", 100),
-		MonthlyTrafficGB: promptInt(reader, "Monthly traffic (GB)", 1000),
-		IOSpeedMBps:      promptInt(reader, "IO speed (MB/s)", 500),
-		ExtraPorts:       promptPortList(reader, "Extra NAT ports, comma separated"),
+		RAMMB:            promptInt(reader, "内存 (MB)", 512),
+		DiskGB:           promptInt(reader, "磁盘 (GB)", 10),
+		NetworkBWMbps:    promptInt(reader, "网络带宽 (Mbps)", 100),
+		MonthlyTrafficGB: promptInt(reader, "月流量 (GB)", 1000),
+		IOSpeedMBps:      promptInt(reader, "IO 速度 (MB/s)", 500),
+		ExtraPorts:       promptPortList(reader, "额外 NAT 端口，多个用逗号分隔"),
 	}
 
-	fmt.Printf("\nCreating container %s ...\n", name)
+	fmt.Printf("\n正在创建容器 %s ...\n", name)
 	if err := manager.CreateContainer(cfg); err != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("Create failed: %v\n", err)
+		fmt.Printf("创建失败: %v\n", err)
 		return
 	}
 
 	container := config.FindContainerByName(name)
-	fmt.Printf("Container %s created successfully\n", name)
+	fmt.Printf("容器 %s 创建成功\n", name)
 	if container != nil {
 		fmt.Printf("SSH: root / %s, port %d -> 22\n", container.SSHPassword, container.SSHPort)
 	}
@@ -192,126 +204,441 @@ func cliCreateContainer(reader *bufio.Reader) {
 }
 
 func cliStartContainer(reader *bufio.Reader) {
-	id, name := selectContainer(reader, "start")
+	id, name := selectContainer(reader, "开机")
 	if id == 0 {
 		return
 	}
 	if err := manager.StartContainer(id); err != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("Start failed: %v\n", err)
+		fmt.Printf("开机失败: %v\n", err)
 		return
 	}
-	fmt.Printf("Container %s started\n", name)
+	fmt.Printf("容器 %s 已开机\n", name)
 }
 
 func cliStopContainer(reader *bufio.Reader) {
-	id, name := selectContainer(reader, "stop")
+	id, name := selectContainer(reader, "关机")
 	if id == 0 {
 		return
 	}
 	if err := manager.StopContainer(id); err != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("Stop failed: %v\n", err)
+		fmt.Printf("关机失败: %v\n", err)
 		return
 	}
-	fmt.Printf("Container %s stopped\n", name)
+	fmt.Printf("容器 %s 已关机\n", name)
 }
 
 func cliRestartContainer(reader *bufio.Reader) {
-	id, name := selectContainer(reader, "restart")
+	id, name := selectContainer(reader, "重启")
 	if id == 0 {
 		return
 	}
 	if err := manager.RestartContainer(id); err != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("Restart failed: %v\n", err)
+		fmt.Printf("重启失败: %v\n", err)
 		return
 	}
-	fmt.Printf("Container %s restarted\n", name)
+	fmt.Printf("容器 %s 已重启\n", name)
 }
 
 func cliDeleteContainer(reader *bufio.Reader) {
-	id, name := selectContainer(reader, "delete")
+	id, name := selectContainer(reader, "删除")
 	if id == 0 {
 		return
 	}
-	confirm := promptString(reader, fmt.Sprintf("Delete container %s? Type yes", name), "no")
+	confirm := promptString(reader, fmt.Sprintf("确认删除容器 %s？输入 yes 继续", name), "no")
 	if strings.ToLower(confirm) != "yes" {
-		fmt.Println("Canceled")
+		fmt.Println("已取消")
 		return
 	}
 	if err := manager.DestroyContainer(id); err != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("Delete failed: %v\n", err)
+		fmt.Printf("删除失败: %v\n", err)
 		return
 	}
-	fmt.Printf("Container %s deleted\n", name)
+	fmt.Printf("容器 %s 已删除\n", name)
 	restartWebPanelForConfigChange()
 }
 
 func cliReinstallContainer(reader *bufio.Reader) {
-	id, name := selectContainer(reader, "reinstall")
+	id, name := selectContainer(reader, "重装")
 	if id == 0 {
 		return
 	}
 
 	templates := lxc.GetTemplates()
-	fmt.Println("\nAvailable templates:")
+	fmt.Println("\n可用镜像:")
 	for i, template := range templates {
 		fmt.Printf("  %d. %s\n", i+1, template.Name)
 	}
 
-	tmplIdx := promptInt(reader, fmt.Sprintf("Template [1-%d]", len(templates)), 1)
+	tmplIdx := promptInt(reader, fmt.Sprintf("镜像 [1-%d]", len(templates)), 1)
 	if tmplIdx < 1 || tmplIdx > len(templates) {
-		fmt.Println("Invalid template selection")
+		fmt.Println("镜像选择无效")
 		return
 	}
 
-	confirm := promptString(reader, fmt.Sprintf("Reinstall container %s? Type yes", name), "no")
+	confirm := promptString(reader, fmt.Sprintf("确认重装容器 %s？输入 yes 继续", name), "no")
 	if strings.ToLower(confirm) != "yes" {
-		fmt.Println("Canceled")
+		fmt.Println("已取消")
 		return
 	}
 
 	if err := manager.ReinstallContainer(id, templates[tmplIdx-1].ID); err != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("Reinstall failed: %v\n", err)
+		fmt.Printf("重装失败: %v\n", err)
 		return
 	}
-	fmt.Printf("Container %s reinstalled\n", name)
+	fmt.Printf("容器 %s 已重装\n", name)
 	restartWebPanelForConfigChange()
 }
 
 func cliResetPassword(reader *bufio.Reader) {
-	newPass := promptString(reader, "New admin password (at least 6 chars)", "")
+	newPass := promptString(reader, "新的管理员密码（至少 6 位）", "")
 	if len(newPass) < 6 {
-		fmt.Println("Password must be at least 6 chars")
+		fmt.Println("密码至少需要 6 位")
 		return
 	}
-	confirm := promptString(reader, "Confirm password", "")
+	confirm := promptString(reader, "确认密码", "")
 	if newPass != confirm {
-		fmt.Println("Passwords do not match")
+		fmt.Println("两次输入的密码不一致")
 		return
 	}
 
 	if err := config.ResetAdminPassword(newPass); err != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("Reset failed: %v\n", err)
+		fmt.Printf("重置失败: %v\n", err)
 		return
 	}
-	fmt.Println("Admin password reset.")
+	fmt.Println("管理员密码已重置。")
 	restartWebPanelForConfigChange()
 }
 
 func cliToggleWebPanel() {
 	if isWebPanelRunning() {
 		if err := stopService("clicd"); err != nil {
-			fmt.Printf("Failed to stop web panel: %v\n", err)
+			fmt.Printf("停止 Web 面板失败: %v\n", err)
 			return
 		}
-		fmt.Println("Web panel stopped. LXC containers are not affected.")
+		fmt.Println("Web 面板已停止，LXC 容器不会受影响。")
 		return
 	}
 
 	if err := startService("clicd"); err != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("Failed to start web panel: %v\n", err)
+		fmt.Printf("启动 Web 面板失败: %v\n", err)
 		return
 	}
-	fmt.Println("Web panel started")
+	fmt.Println("Web 面板已启动")
+}
+
+type githubRelease struct {
+	TagName string `json:"tag_name"`
+	Name    string `json:"name"`
+	HTMLURL string `json:"html_url"`
+	Assets  []struct {
+		Name               string `json:"name"`
+		BrowserDownloadURL string `json:"browser_download_url"`
+	} `json:"assets"`
+}
+
+func cliUpgradeSystem(reader *bufio.Reader) {
+	fmt.Println("\n--- 检查并升级 CLICD ---")
+	fmt.Println("升级只会替换 /usr/local/bin/clicd，并保留 /root/.clicd 里的配置、容器数据和任务记录。")
+
+	if os.Geteuid() != 0 {
+		fmt.Println("升级需要 root 权限。请使用: sudo clicd cli")
+		return
+	}
+
+	repo := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("CLICD_REPO"))
+	if repo == "" {
+		repo = version.Repo
+	}
+	current := version.Current()
+	fmt.Printf("当前版本: %s\n", current)
+	fmt.Printf("检查仓库: https://github.com/%s\n", repo)
+
+	release, err := fetchLatestRelease(repo)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("检查 GitHub 最新版本失败: %v\n", err)
+		return
+	}
+	latest := strings.TrimSpace(release.TagName)
+	if latest == "" {
+		fmt.Println("GitHub Release 没有 tag_name，无法判断最新版本。")
+		return
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("最新版本: %s\n", latest)
+	if release.HTMLURL != "" {
+		fmt.Printf("发布页面: %s\n", release.HTMLURL)
+	}
+
+	assetURL := findReleaseAsset(release, "clicd-linux-amd64.tar.gz")
+	if assetURL == "" {
+		fmt.Println("最新 Release 没有找到 clicd-linux-amd64.tar.gz，无法自动升级。")
+		return
+	}
+
+	if sameVersion(current, latest) {
+		fmt.Println("当前已经是最新版本。")
+		confirm := promptString(reader, "是否仍然重新安装最新版本？输入 reinstall 继续", "no")
+		if strings.ToLower(confirm) != "reinstall" {
+			fmt.Println("已取消。")
+			return
+		}
+	} else {
+		confirm := promptString(reader, "输入 upgrade 开始升级", "no")
+		if strings.ToLower(confirm) != "upgrade" {
+			fmt.Println("已取消。")
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := upgradeFromReleaseAsset(assetURL, latest); err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("升级失败: %v\n", err)
+		return
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("升级完成: %s -> %s\n", current, latest)
+	fmt.Println("原有数据已保留，Web 服务已重启。")
+}
+
+func fetchLatestRelease(repo string) (*githubRelease, error) {
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("https://api.github.com/repos/%s/releases/latest", repo)
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/vnd.github+json")
+	setGitHubRequestHeaders(req)
+
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 20 * time.Second}
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		if fallback, fallbackErr := fetchLatestReleaseFallback(repo); fallbackErr == nil {
+			return fallback, nil
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 512))
+		apiErr := fmt.Errorf("GitHub API 返回 %s: %s", resp.Status, strings.TrimSpace(string(body)))
+		if fallback, fallbackErr := fetchLatestReleaseFallback(repo); fallbackErr == nil {
+			if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusForbidden || resp.StatusCode == http.StatusTooManyRequests {
+				fmt.Println("GitHub API 被限流，已切换到备用检查方式。")
+			} else {
+				fmt.Println("GitHub API 不可用，已切换到备用检查方式。")
+			}
+			return fallback, nil
+		}
+		return nil, apiErr
+	}
+
+	var release githubRelease
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&release); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &release, nil
+}
+
+func fetchLatestReleaseFallback(repo string) (*githubRelease, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, fmt.Sprintf("https://github.com/%s/releases/latest", repo), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "clicd-updater/"+version.Current())
+
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 20 * time.Second}
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("GitHub releases/latest 返回 %s", resp.Status)
+	}
+
+	tag := latestTagFromPath(resp.Request.URL.Path)
+	if tag == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("无法从 GitHub releases/latest 跳转结果解析最新版本")
+	}
+
+	const assetName = "clicd-linux-amd64.tar.gz"
+	return &githubRelease{
+		TagName: tag,
+		Name:    tag,
+		HTMLURL: fmt.Sprintf("https://github.com/%s/releases/tag/%s", repo, tag),
+		Assets: []struct {
+			Name               string `json:"name"`
+			BrowserDownloadURL string `json:"browser_download_url"`
+		}{
+			{
+				Name:               assetName,
+				BrowserDownloadURL: fmt.Sprintf("https://github.com/%s/releases/latest/download/%s", repo, assetName),
+			},
+		},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func latestTagFromPath(path string) string {
+	const marker = "/releases/tag/"
+	idx := strings.Index(path, marker)
+	if idx < 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	tag := strings.TrimSpace(path[idx+len(marker):])
+	if slash := strings.Index(tag, "/"); slash >= 0 {
+		tag = tag[:slash]
+	}
+	return tag
+}
+
+func setGitHubRequestHeaders(req *http.Request) {
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "clicd-updater/"+version.Current())
+	token := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("CLICD_GITHUB_TOKEN"))
+	if token == "" {
+		token = strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("GITHUB_TOKEN"))
+	}
+	if token != "" {
+		req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+token)
+	}
+}
+
+func findReleaseAsset(release *githubRelease, name string) string {
+	for _, asset := range release.Assets {
+		if asset.Name == name && asset.BrowserDownloadURL != "" {
+			return asset.BrowserDownloadURL
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func upgradeFromReleaseAsset(assetURL, latest string) error {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "clicd-upgrade-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	archivePath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "clicd-linux-amd64.tar.gz")
+	fmt.Println("正在下载升级包...")
+	if err := downloadFile(assetURL, archivePath); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("正在解压升级包...")
+	if out, err := exec.Command("tar", "-xzf", archivePath, "-C", tmpDir).CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("解压失败: %v, output: %s", err, string(out))
+	}
+
+	newBinary, err := findFile(tmpDir, "clicd")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	backupDir := "/root/clicd-backups"
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(backupDir, 0700); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	backupPath := filepath.Join(backupDir, fmt.Sprintf("clicd.%s.%s", strings.TrimPrefix(latest, "v"), time.Now().Format("20060102-150405")))
+	if _, err := os.Stat("/usr/local/bin/clicd"); err == nil {
+		if err := copyFile("/usr/local/bin/clicd", backupPath, 0755); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("备份旧二进制失败: %w", err)
+		}
+		fmt.Printf("旧版本已备份: %s\n", backupPath)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("正在替换二进制...")
+	if err := stopService("clicd"); err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("停止 Web 服务失败，继续尝试替换: %v\n", err)
+	}
+	tmpBin := "/usr/local/bin/clicd.new"
+	if err := copyFile(newBinary, tmpBin, 0755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.Rename(tmpBin, "/usr/local/bin/clicd"); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.Chmod("/usr/local/bin/clicd", 0755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := restartService("clicd"); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("二进制已替换，但重启 Web 服务失败: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func downloadFile(url, dest string) error {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	setGitHubRequestHeaders(req)
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 10 * time.Minute}
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return fmt.Errorf("下载失败，HTTP %s", resp.Status)
+	}
+
+	out, err := os.OpenFile(dest, os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY, 0600)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer out.Close()
+	_, err = io.Copy(out, resp.Body)
+	return err
+}
+
+func findFile(root, name string) (string, error) {
+	var found string
+	err := filepath.WalkDir(root, func(path string, d os.DirEntry, err error) error {
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if d.IsDir() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if d.Name() == name {
+			found = path
+			return filepath.SkipAll
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if found == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("升级包内未找到 clicd 二进制")
+	}
+	return found, nil
+}
+
+func copyFile(src, dst string, mode os.FileMode) error {
+	in, err := os.Open(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer in.Close()
+
+	out, err := os.OpenFile(dst, os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY, mode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := io.Copy(out, in); err != nil {
+		out.Close()
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := out.Close(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return os.Chmod(dst, mode)
+}
+
+func sameVersion(current, latest string) bool {
+	c := strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(current)), "v")
+	l := strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(latest)), "v")
+	return c != "" && c == l
 }
 
 func isWebPanelRunning() bool {
@@ -330,21 +657,21 @@ func isWebPanelRunning() bool {
 }
 
 func cliImportExistingContainers() {
-	fmt.Println("\n--- Import existing LXC containers ---")
-	fmt.Println("This imports containers from /var/lib/lxc into CLICD config.")
-	fmt.Println("Imported containers keep their real LXC name so Web and CLI manage the same container.")
+	fmt.Println("\n--- 导入现有 LXC 容器 ---")
+	fmt.Println("将 /var/lib/lxc 里的容器导入 CLICD 配置。")
+	fmt.Println("导入后会保留真实 LXC 名称，Web 和 CLI 都能管理同一个容器。")
 
 	imported, err := manager.ImportExistingClicdContainers()
 	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("Import failed: %v\n", err)
+		fmt.Printf("导入失败: %v\n", err)
 		return
 	}
 	if len(imported) == 0 {
-		fmt.Println("No new ct-* containers found to import.")
+		fmt.Println("没有发现新的 ct-* 容器。")
 		return
 	}
 
-	fmt.Printf("Imported %d container(s):\n", len(imported))
+	fmt.Printf("已导入 %d 个容器:\n", len(imported))
 	for _, c := range imported {
 		fmt.Printf("  [%d] %s [%s]\n", c.ID, c.Name, c.Status)
 	}
@@ -352,19 +679,19 @@ func cliImportExistingContainers() {
 }
 
 func cliUninstall(reader *bufio.Reader) {
-	fmt.Println("\n--- Uninstall CLICD ---")
-	fmt.Println("This removes the CLICD service and /usr/local/bin/clicd.")
-	fmt.Println("This also deletes /root/.clicd, all LXC containers under /var/lib/lxc, and LXC image cache under /var/cache/lxc.")
+	fmt.Println("\n--- 卸载 CLICD ---")
+	fmt.Println("将删除 CLICD 服务和 /usr/local/bin/clicd。")
+	fmt.Println("同时会删除 /root/.clicd、/var/lib/lxc 下全部 LXC 容器，以及 /var/cache/lxc 镜像缓存。")
 
 	if os.Geteuid() != 0 {
-		fmt.Println("Uninstall must be run as root.")
-		fmt.Println("Run: sudo clicd cli --no-web")
+		fmt.Println("卸载需要 root 权限。")
+		fmt.Println("请运行: sudo clicd cli --no-web")
 		return
 	}
 
-	confirm := promptString(reader, "Type uninstall to continue", "no")
+	confirm := promptString(reader, "输入 uninstall 继续卸载", "no")
 	if strings.ToLower(confirm) != "uninstall" {
-		fmt.Println("Canceled")
+		fmt.Println("已取消")
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -381,8 +708,8 @@ func cliUninstall(reader *bufio.Reader) {
 	reloadSysctl()
 
 	fmt.Println()
-	fmt.Println("CLICD has been uninstalled.")
-	fmt.Println("Removed service, binary, config, containers, and LXC image cache.")
+	fmt.Println("CLICD 已卸载。")
+	fmt.Println("服务、二进制、配置、容器和 LXC 镜像缓存均已删除。")
 }
 
 func destroyAllLXCContainers() {
@@ -399,7 +726,67 @@ func destroyAllLXCContainers() {
 		fmt.Printf("Destroying LXC container %s...\n", name)
 		runQuiet("lxc-stop", "-n", name, "-k")
 		runQuiet("lxc-destroy", "-n", name, "-f")
-		removePath("/var/lib/lxc/" + name)
+		removeLXCContainerPath("/var/lib/lxc/" + name)
+	}
+}
+
+func removeLXCContainerPath(path string) {
+	unmountPathTree(path)
+	detachLoopDevices(path)
+	if err := os.RemoveAll(path); err == nil {
+		fmt.Printf("Removed %s\n", path)
+		return
+	}
+
+	runQuiet("fuser", "-km", path+"/rootfs")
+	runQuiet("fuser", "-km", path)
+	unmountPathTree(path)
+	detachLoopDevices(path)
+	removePath(path)
+}
+
+func unmountPathTree(path string) {
+	if commandExists("findmnt") {
+		out, err := exec.Command("findmnt", "-R", "-n", "-o", "TARGET", path).Output()
+		if err == nil {
+			mounts := strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(string(out)), "\n")
+			for i := len(mounts) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+				mountpoint := strings.TrimSpace(mounts[i])
+				if mountpoint != "" {
+					runQuiet("umount", "-R", "-l", mountpoint)
+					runQuiet("umount", "-l", mountpoint)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	runQuiet("umount", "-R", "-l", path+"/rootfs")
+	runQuiet("umount", "-l", path+"/rootfs")
+	runQuiet("umount", "-R", "-l", path)
+	runQuiet("umount", "-l", path)
+}
+
+func detachLoopDevices(path string) {
+	if !commandExists("losetup") {
+		return
+	}
+	images := []string{path + "/rootfs.img"}
+	if entries, err := os.ReadDir(path); err == nil {
+		for _, entry := range entries {
+			if !entry.IsDir() && strings.HasSuffix(entry.Name(), ".img") {
+				images = append(images, path+"/"+entry.Name())
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	for _, image := range images {
+		out, err := exec.Command("losetup", "-j", image).Output()
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, line := range strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(string(out)), "\n") {
+			if idx := strings.Index(line, ":"); idx > 0 {
+				runQuiet("losetup", "-d", line[:idx])
+			}
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -449,10 +836,10 @@ func runQuiet(name string, args ...string) {
 
 func restartWebPanelForConfigChange() {
 	if err := restartService("clicd"); err != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("Web panel reload skipped: %v\n", err)
+		fmt.Printf("Web 面板重载跳过: %v\n", err)
 		return
 	}
-	fmt.Println("Web panel reloaded to pick up config changes.")
+	fmt.Println("Web 面板已重载并应用配置变更。")
 }
 
 func stopService(name string) error {
@@ -488,7 +875,7 @@ func restartService(name string) error {
 func cliShowInfo() {
 	containers, err := manager.ListContainers()
 	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("Failed to read container status: %v\n", err)
+		fmt.Printf("读取容器状态失败: %v\n", err)
 	}
 
 	total := len(containers)
@@ -499,43 +886,44 @@ func cliShowInfo() {
 		}
 	}
 
-	fmt.Println("\n--- System info ---")
-	fmt.Printf("Web port: %d\n", config.AppConfig.Port)
-	fmt.Printf("Admin user: %s\n", config.AppConfig.AdminUser)
-	fmt.Printf("Containers: %d\n", total)
-	fmt.Printf("Running: %d\n", running)
-	fmt.Printf("Stopped: %d\n", total-running)
+	fmt.Println("\n--- 系统信息 ---")
+	fmt.Printf("CLICD 版本: %s\n", version.Current())
+	fmt.Printf("Web 端口: %d\n", config.AppConfig.Port)
+	fmt.Printf("管理员用户: %s\n", config.AppConfig.AdminUser)
+	fmt.Printf("容器总数: %d\n", total)
+	fmt.Printf("运行中: %d\n", running)
+	fmt.Printf("已停止: %d\n", total-running)
 
 	if hostname, err := os.Hostname(); err == nil {
-		fmt.Printf("Hostname: %s\n", hostname)
+		fmt.Printf("主机名: %s\n", hostname)
 	}
 
 	cmd := exec.Command("lxc-info", "--version")
 	output, err := cmd.Output()
 	if err == nil {
-		fmt.Printf("LXC version: %s", string(output))
+		fmt.Printf("LXC 版本: %s", string(output))
 	}
 }
 
 func selectContainer(reader *bufio.Reader, action string) (int, string) {
 	containers, err := manager.ListContainers()
 	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("Failed to list containers: %v\n", err)
+		fmt.Printf("获取容器列表失败: %v\n", err)
 		return 0, ""
 	}
 	if len(containers) == 0 {
-		fmt.Println("No containers available")
+		fmt.Println("暂无可用容器")
 		return 0, ""
 	}
 
-	fmt.Printf("\n--- Select container to %s ---\n", action)
+	fmt.Printf("\n--- 选择要%s的容器 ---\n", action)
 	for i, container := range containers {
 		fmt.Printf("  %d. [%d] %s [%s]\n", i+1, container.ID, container.Name, container.Status)
 	}
 
-	idx := promptInt(reader, "Container", 0)
+	idx := promptInt(reader, "容器", 0)
 	if idx < 1 || idx > len(containers) {
-		fmt.Println("Invalid selection")
+		fmt.Println("选择无效")
 		return 0, ""
 	}
 
@@ -581,7 +969,7 @@ func clearScreen() {
 }
 
 func waitEnter(reader *bufio.Reader) {
-	fmt.Print("\nPress Enter to return to menu...")
+	fmt.Print("\n按 Enter 返回菜单...")
 	reader.ReadString('\n')
 }
 
@@ -595,7 +983,7 @@ func promptPortList(reader *bufio.Reader, label string) []int {
 	for _, part := range strings.Split(input, ",") {
 		value, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(part))
 		if err != nil || value <= 0 || value > 65535 {
-			fmt.Printf("Ignoring invalid port: %s\n", strings.TrimSpace(part))
+			fmt.Printf("忽略无效端口: %s\n", strings.TrimSpace(part))
 			continue
 		}
 		ports = append(ports, value)

backend/internal/config/config.go

@@ -56,44 +56,53 @@ type AuditLog struct {
 
 // OversellConfig controls host-level overselling behavior
 type OversellConfig struct {
-	CPUOvercommit  int  `json:"cpu_overcommit"`  // multiplier, e.g. 4 means 4x oversell
-	RAMOvercommit  int  `json:"ram_overcommit"`  // multiplier
-	DiskOvercommit int  `json:"disk_overcommit"` // multiplier
-	KSMEnabled     bool `json:"ksm_enabled"`     // kernel same-page merging
-	Swappiness     int  `json:"swappiness"`      // 0-100, lower = less swap
+	CPUOvercommit        int  `json:"cpu_overcommit"`          // multiplier, e.g. 4 means 4x oversell
+	RAMOvercommit        int  `json:"ram_overcommit"`          // multiplier
+	DiskOvercommit       int  `json:"disk_overcommit"`         // multiplier
+	KSMEnabled           bool `json:"ksm_enabled"`             // kernel same-page merging
+	Swappiness           int  `json:"swappiness"`              // 0-100, lower = less swap
+	SubUserSnapshotLimit int  `json:"sub_user_snapshot_limit"` // legacy default for migrating old containers
 }
 
 // Container represents an LXC container configuration
 type Container struct {
-	ID               int           `json:"id"`
-	UUID             string        `json:"uuid"`
-	Name             string        `json:"name"`
-	LXCName          string        `json:"lxc_name,omitempty"`
-	Template         string        `json:"template"`
-	VCPU             float64       `json:"vcpu"`
-	RAMMB            int           `json:"ram_mb"`
-	DiskGB           int           `json:"disk_gb"`
-	NetworkBWMbps    int           `json:"network_bw_mbps"`
-	MonthlyTrafficGB int           `json:"monthly_traffic_gb"`
-	TrafficMode      string        `json:"traffic_mode"`   // "total" or "in_out"
-	TrafficInGB      int           `json:"traffic_in_gb"`  // 0 = unlimited
-	TrafficOutGB     int           `json:"traffic_out_gb"` // 0 = unlimited
-	TrafficUsedRX    int64         `json:"traffic_used_rx"`
-	TrafficUsedTX    int64         `json:"traffic_used_tx"`
-	TrafficResetDate string        `json:"traffic_reset_date"`
-	IOSpeedMBps      int           `json:"io_speed_mbps"`
-	Status           string        `json:"status"`
-	IP               string        `json:"ip"`
-	IPv6             string        `json:"ipv6"`
-	IPv6PrefixLen    int           `json:"ipv6_prefix_len"`
-	IPv6Interface    string        `json:"ipv6_interface"`
-	VNCPort          int           `json:"vnc_port"`
-	SSHPort          int           `json:"ssh_port"`
-	SSHPassword      string        `json:"ssh_password"`
-	PortMappings     []PortMapping `json:"port_mappings"`
-	PortMappingLimit int           `json:"port_mapping_limit"`
-	CreatedAt        string        `json:"created_at"`
-	ExpiresAt        string        `json:"expires_at"`
+	ID                            int           `json:"id"`
+	UUID                          string        `json:"uuid"`
+	Name                          string        `json:"name"`
+	LXCName                       string        `json:"lxc_name,omitempty"`
+	Template                      string        `json:"template"`
+	VCPU                          float64       `json:"vcpu"`
+	RAMMB                         int           `json:"ram_mb"`
+	DiskGB                        int           `json:"disk_gb"`
+	NetworkBWMbps                 int           `json:"network_bw_mbps"`
+	MonthlyTrafficGB              int           `json:"monthly_traffic_gb"`
+	TrafficMode                   string        `json:"traffic_mode"`   // "total" or "in_out"
+	TrafficInGB                   int           `json:"traffic_in_gb"`  // 0 = unlimited
+	TrafficOutGB                  int           `json:"traffic_out_gb"` // 0 = unlimited
+	TrafficUsedRX                 int64         `json:"traffic_used_rx"`
+	TrafficUsedTX                 int64         `json:"traffic_used_tx"`
+	TrafficResetDate              string        `json:"traffic_reset_date"`
+	IOSpeedMBps                   int           `json:"io_speed_mbps"`
+	Status                        string        `json:"status"`
+	IP                            string        `json:"ip"`
+	IPv6                          string        `json:"ipv6"`
+	IPv6PrefixLen                 int           `json:"ipv6_prefix_len"`
+	IPv6Interface                 string        `json:"ipv6_interface"`
+	VNCPort                       int           `json:"vnc_port"`
+	SSHPort                       int           `json:"ssh_port"`
+	SSHPassword                   string        `json:"ssh_password"`
+	SSHHostKey                    string        `json:"ssh_host_key,omitempty"`
+	PortMappings                  []PortMapping `json:"port_mappings"`
+	PortMappingLimit              int           `json:"port_mapping_limit"`
+	SnapshotLimit                 int           `json:"snapshot_limit"`
+	CreatedAt                     string        `json:"created_at"`
+	ExpiresAt                     string        `json:"expires_at"`
+	SnapshotScheduleEnabled       bool          `json:"snapshot_schedule_enabled"`
+	SnapshotScheduleIntervalHours int           `json:"snapshot_schedule_interval_hours"`
+	SnapshotScheduleTime          string        `json:"snapshot_schedule_time"`
+	SnapshotScheduleLastRun       string        `json:"snapshot_schedule_last_run"`
+	SnapshotScheduleNextRun       string        `json:"snapshot_schedule_next_run"`
+	SnapshotScheduleCreatedBy     string        `json:"snapshot_schedule_created_by"`
 }
 
 // LxcName returns the internal LXC container name (ct-{id})
@@ -130,14 +139,27 @@ func DeleteApiKey(id string) {
 type SubUser struct {
 	ID             string   `json:"id"`
 	Username       string   `json:"username"`
-	Password       string   `json:"password"` // plaintext for display
+	Password       string   `json:"-"`
 	PassHash       string   `json:"pass_hash"`
 	ContainerNames []string `json:"container_names"`
-	Token          string   `json:"token"`
+	ContainerUUIDs []string `json:"container_uuids,omitempty"`
+	Token          string   `json:"-"`
 	AccessCode     string   `json:"access_code"`
 	CreatedAt      string   `json:"created_at"`
 }
 
+type Snapshot struct {
+	ID            string `json:"id"`
+	ContainerID   int    `json:"container_id"`
+	ContainerName string `json:"container_name"`
+	LXCName       string `json:"lxc_name"`
+	CreatedAt     string `json:"created_at"`
+	CreatedBy     string `json:"created_by"`
+	Scheduled     bool   `json:"scheduled"`
+	Path          string `json:"path"`
+	SizeBytes     int64  `json:"size_bytes"`
+}
+
 // ClicdConfig is the main configuration structure
 type ClicdConfig struct {
 	AdminUser       string          `json:"admin_user"`
@@ -157,11 +179,14 @@ type ClicdConfig struct {
 	Tasks           []SavedTask     `json:"tasks"`
 	LoginLogs       []SavedLoginLog `json:"login_logs"`
 	EnabledImages   []string        `json:"enabled_images"`
+	Snapshots       []Snapshot      `json:"snapshots"`
 }
 
 var configPath string
 var AppConfig *ClicdConfig
 
+const DefaultSnapshotLimit = 3
+
 func getConfigPath() string {
 	if configPath != "" {
 		return configPath
@@ -249,12 +274,14 @@ func InitConfig() (*ClicdConfig, error) {
 			Tasks:           []SavedTask{},
 			LoginLogs:       []SavedLoginLog{},
 			Oversell: OversellConfig{
-				CPUOvercommit:  4,
-				RAMOvercommit:  1,
-				DiskOvercommit: 2,
-				KSMEnabled:     true,
-				Swappiness:     10,
+				CPUOvercommit:        4,
+				RAMOvercommit:        1,
+				DiskOvercommit:       2,
+				KSMEnabled:           true,
+				Swappiness:           10,
+				SubUserSnapshotLimit: 3,
 			},
+			Snapshots: []Snapshot{},
 		}
 
 		if err := SaveConfig(); err != nil {
@@ -304,10 +331,25 @@ func InitConfig() (*ClicdConfig, error) {
 	if AppConfig.Containers == nil {
 		AppConfig.Containers = make([]Container, 0)
 	}
+	if AppConfig.Snapshots == nil {
+		AppConfig.Snapshots = make([]Snapshot, 0)
+	}
+	if AppConfig.Oversell.SubUserSnapshotLimit <= 0 {
+		AppConfig.Oversell.SubUserSnapshotLimit = 3
+	}
 	changed := ensureContainerUUIDs()
 	if ensureContainerPortMappingLimits() {
 		changed = true
 	}
+	if ensureContainerSnapshotLimits() {
+		changed = true
+	}
+	if ensureContainerSnapshotScheduleDefaults() {
+		changed = true
+	}
+	if migrateSubUsers() {
+		changed = true
+	}
 	if removeLegacyVNCMappings() {
 		changed = true
 	}
@@ -320,6 +362,21 @@ func InitConfig() (*ClicdConfig, error) {
 	return AppConfig, nil
 }
 
+func ensureContainerSnapshotScheduleDefaults() bool {
+	changed := false
+	for i := range AppConfig.Containers {
+		if AppConfig.Containers[i].SnapshotScheduleEnabled && AppConfig.Containers[i].SnapshotScheduleIntervalHours < 24 {
+			AppConfig.Containers[i].SnapshotScheduleIntervalHours = 24
+			changed = true
+		}
+		if AppConfig.Containers[i].SnapshotScheduleEnabled && AppConfig.Containers[i].SnapshotScheduleTime == "" {
+			AppConfig.Containers[i].SnapshotScheduleTime = "03:00"
+			changed = true
+		}
+	}
+	return changed
+}
+
 func ensureContainerUUIDs() bool {
 	changed := false
 	used := make(map[string]bool)
@@ -355,6 +412,76 @@ func ensureContainerPortMappingLimits() bool {
 	return changed
 }
 
+func ensureContainerSnapshotLimits() bool {
+	changed := false
+	legacyLimit := AppConfig.Oversell.SubUserSnapshotLimit
+	if legacyLimit <= 0 {
+		legacyLimit = DefaultSnapshotLimit
+	}
+	for i := range AppConfig.Containers {
+		if AppConfig.Containers[i].SnapshotLimit <= 0 {
+			AppConfig.Containers[i].SnapshotLimit = legacyLimit
+			changed = true
+		}
+	}
+	return changed
+}
+
+func migrateSubUsers() bool {
+	changed := false
+	for i := range AppConfig.SubUsers {
+		su := &AppConfig.SubUsers[i]
+		if su.PassHash == "" && su.Password != "" {
+			if hash, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword([]byte(su.Password), bcrypt.DefaultCost); err == nil {
+				su.PassHash = string(hash)
+				changed = true
+			}
+		}
+		if su.Password != "" {
+			su.Password = ""
+			changed = true
+		}
+		if su.Token != "" {
+			su.Token = ""
+			changed = true
+		}
+		if len(su.ContainerUUIDs) == 0 && len(su.ContainerNames) > 0 {
+			for _, name := range su.ContainerNames {
+				if c := FindContainerByName(name); c != nil && c.UUID != "" {
+					su.ContainerUUIDs = appendUniqueString(su.ContainerUUIDs, c.UUID)
+				}
+			}
+			if len(su.ContainerUUIDs) > 0 {
+				changed = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return changed
+}
+
+func appendUniqueString(values []string, value string) []string {
+	for _, existing := range values {
+		if existing == value {
+			return values
+		}
+	}
+	return append(values, value)
+}
+
+func NormalizeSnapshotLimit(limit int) int {
+	if limit <= 0 {
+		return DefaultSnapshotLimit
+	}
+	return limit
+}
+
+func ContainerSnapshotLimit(c *Container) int {
+	if c == nil {
+		return DefaultSnapshotLimit
+	}
+	return NormalizeSnapshotLimit(c.SnapshotLimit)
+}
+
 func removeLegacyVNCMappings() bool {
 	changed := false
 	for i := range AppConfig.Containers {
@@ -407,7 +534,8 @@ func AllocateContainerID() int {
 func RemoveContainer(id int) bool {
 	for i, c := range AppConfig.Containers {
 		if c.ID == id {
-			removeSubUserContainerAccess(c.Name)
+			removeSubUserContainerAccess(c.Name, c.UUID)
+			removeContainerSnapshotMetadata(id)
 			AppConfig.Containers = append(AppConfig.Containers[:i], AppConfig.Containers[i+1:]...)
 			SaveConfig()
 			return true
@@ -416,8 +544,58 @@ func RemoveContainer(id int) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-func removeSubUserContainerAccess(containerName string) {
-	if containerName == "" || len(AppConfig.SubUsers) == 0 {
+func AddSnapshot(snapshot Snapshot) {
+	AppConfig.Snapshots = append(AppConfig.Snapshots, snapshot)
+	SaveConfig()
+}
+
+func FindSnapshot(id string) *Snapshot {
+	for i := range AppConfig.Snapshots {
+		if AppConfig.Snapshots[i].ID == id {
+			return &AppConfig.Snapshots[i]
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func RemoveSnapshot(id string) bool {
+	for i := range AppConfig.Snapshots {
+		if AppConfig.Snapshots[i].ID == id {
+			AppConfig.Snapshots = append(AppConfig.Snapshots[:i], AppConfig.Snapshots[i+1:]...)
+			SaveConfig()
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func ContainerSnapshots(containerID int) []Snapshot {
+	result := make([]Snapshot, 0)
+	for _, snapshot := range AppConfig.Snapshots {
+		if snapshot.ContainerID == containerID {
+			result = append(result, snapshot)
+		}
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func removeContainerSnapshotMetadata(containerID int) {
+	filtered := make([]Snapshot, 0, len(AppConfig.Snapshots))
+	for _, snapshot := range AppConfig.Snapshots {
+		if snapshot.ContainerID != containerID {
+			filtered = append(filtered, snapshot)
+		}
+	}
+	AppConfig.Snapshots = filtered
+}
+
+func RemoveSubUserContainerAccess(containerName string, containerUUID string) {
+	removeSubUserContainerAccess(containerName, containerUUID)
+	SaveConfig()
+}
+
+func removeSubUserContainerAccess(containerName string, containerUUID string) {
+	if containerName == "" && containerUUID == "" || len(AppConfig.SubUsers) == 0 {
 		return
 	}
 	filteredUsers := make([]SubUser, 0, len(AppConfig.SubUsers))
@@ -428,10 +606,17 @@ func removeSubUserContainerAccess(containerName string) {
 				filteredNames = append(filteredNames, name)
 			}
 		}
-		if len(filteredNames) == 0 {
+		filteredUUIDs := make([]string, 0, len(su.ContainerUUIDs))
+		for _, uuid := range su.ContainerUUIDs {
+			if uuid != containerUUID {
+				filteredUUIDs = append(filteredUUIDs, uuid)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(filteredNames) == 0 && len(filteredUUIDs) == 0 {
 			continue
 		}
 		su.ContainerNames = filteredNames
+		su.ContainerUUIDs = filteredUUIDs
 		filteredUsers = append(filteredUsers, su)
 	}
 	AppConfig.SubUsers = filteredUsers

backend/internal/lxc/ipv6.go

@@ -428,6 +428,12 @@ func (m *Manager) AssignIPv6(id int) (*config.Container, error) {
 	if err := m.applyIPv6Config(c.LxcName(), c.IPv6); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	rootfsPath := filepath.Join(m.LxcPath, c.LxcName(), "rootfs")
+	if _, err := os.Stat(rootfsPath); err == nil {
+		if err := installContainerIPv6Init(rootfsPath, c.IPv6); err != nil {
+			fmt.Printf("Warning: failed to install IPv6 init in %s: %v\n", c.LxcName(), err)
+		}
+	}
 	if err := m.ApplyIPv6(id); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -477,6 +483,12 @@ func (m *Manager) ApplyIPv6(id int) error {
 		config.SaveConfig()
 	}
 
+	rootfsPath := filepath.Join(m.LxcPath, c.LxcName(), "rootfs")
+	if _, err := os.Stat(rootfsPath); err == nil {
+		if err := installContainerIPv6Init(rootfsPath, c.IPv6); err != nil {
+			fmt.Printf("Warning: failed to install IPv6 init in %s: %v\n", c.LxcName(), err)
+		}
+	}
 	if err := ensureHostIPv6Routing(c.IPv6, c.IPv6Interface); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -485,12 +497,16 @@ func (m *Manager) ApplyIPv6(id int) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 	cmd := exec.Command("lxc-attach", "-n", c.LxcName(), "--", "sh", "-c",
-		fmt.Sprintf("ip -6 addr replace %s/128 dev eth0 && ip -6 route replace default via %s dev eth0",
+		fmt.Sprintf("ip -6 addr replace %s/128 dev eth0 && ip -6 route replace default via %s dev eth0 metric 100",
 			shellQuote(c.IPv6), shellQuote(ipv6GatewayLinkLocal)))
 	output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to apply IPv6 inside container: %v, output: %s", err, string(output))
 	}
+	removeIPv6NAT66(c.IPv6, c.IPv6Interface)
+	if !containerIPv6ConnectivityOK(c.LxcName()) {
+		ensureIPv6NAT66(c.IPv6, c.IPv6Interface)
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -513,6 +529,191 @@ func ensureHostIPv6Routing(ipv6, uplink string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func installContainerIPv6Init(rootfsPath, ipv6 string) error {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(ipv6) == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if _, err := netip.ParseAddr(ipv6); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid IPv6 address %q: %w", ipv6, err)
+	}
+
+	scriptPath := filepath.Join(rootfsPath, "usr", "local", "sbin", "clicd-ipv6-init")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(scriptPath), 0755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	script := `#!/bin/sh
+IPV6_ADDR=` + shellQuote(ipv6) + `
+IPV6_GW=` + shellQuote(ipv6GatewayLinkLocal) + `
+IFACE="${CLICD_IPV6_IFACE:-eth0}"
+
+command -v ip >/dev/null 2>&1 || exit 0
+
+i=0
+while [ "$i" -lt 30 ]; do
+	if ip link show dev "$IFACE" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+		break
+	fi
+	i=$((i + 1))
+	sleep 1
+done
+
+ip link set dev "$IFACE" up >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+ip -6 addr replace "$IPV6_ADDR/128" dev "$IFACE" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+ip -6 route replace default via "$IPV6_GW" dev "$IFACE" metric 100 >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+exit 0
+`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(scriptPath, []byte(script), 0755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	osRelease := ""
+	if data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(rootfsPath, "etc", "os-release")); err == nil {
+		osRelease = strings.ToLower(string(data))
+	}
+	hasSystemd := dirExists(filepath.Join(rootfsPath, "etc", "systemd", "system"))
+	hasOpenRC := fileExists(filepath.Join(rootfsPath, "sbin", "openrc-run")) || strings.Contains(osRelease, "alpine")
+
+	if hasSystemd {
+		if err := installContainerIPv6Systemd(rootfsPath); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if hasOpenRC {
+		if err := installContainerIPv6OpenRC(rootfsPath); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if !hasSystemd && !hasOpenRC {
+		if err := installContainerIPv6SysV(rootfsPath); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func installContainerIPv6Systemd(rootfsPath string) error {
+	servicePath := filepath.Join(rootfsPath, "etc", "systemd", "system", "clicd-ipv6.service")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(servicePath), 0755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	service := `[Unit]
+Description=CLICD IPv6 setup
+After=network-online.target network.target
+Wants=network-online.target
+
+[Service]
+Type=oneshot
+ExecStart=/usr/local/sbin/clicd-ipv6-init
+RemainAfterExit=yes
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target
+`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(servicePath, []byte(service), 0644); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	wantsDir := filepath.Join(rootfsPath, "etc", "systemd", "system", "multi-user.target.wants")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(wantsDir, 0755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return replaceSymlink("../clicd-ipv6.service", filepath.Join(wantsDir, "clicd-ipv6.service"))
+}
+
+func installContainerIPv6OpenRC(rootfsPath string) error {
+	initPath := filepath.Join(rootfsPath, "etc", "init.d", "clicd-ipv6")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(initPath), 0755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	initScript := `#!/sbin/openrc-run
+name="CLICD IPv6 setup"
+description="Apply CLICD IPv6 settings"
+
+depend() {
+	after net networking
+	need net
+}
+
+start() {
+	ebegin "Applying CLICD IPv6"
+	/usr/local/sbin/clicd-ipv6-init
+	eend $?
+}
+`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(initPath, []byte(initScript), 0755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	runlevelDir := filepath.Join(rootfsPath, "etc", "runlevels", "default")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(runlevelDir, 0755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return replaceSymlink(filepath.Join("..", "..", "init.d", "clicd-ipv6"), filepath.Join(runlevelDir, "clicd-ipv6"))
+}
+
+func installContainerIPv6SysV(rootfsPath string) error {
+	initDir := filepath.Join(rootfsPath, "etc", "init.d")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(initDir, 0755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	initPath := filepath.Join(initDir, "clicd-ipv6")
+	initScript := `#!/bin/sh
+### BEGIN INIT INFO
+# Provides:          clicd-ipv6
+# Required-Start:    $network
+# Required-Stop:
+# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
+# Default-Stop:
+# Short-Description: CLICD IPv6 setup
+### END INIT INFO
+
+case "$1" in
+	start|restart|force-reload)
+		/usr/local/sbin/clicd-ipv6-init
+		;;
+	stop|status)
+		exit 0
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|force-reload|status}"
+		exit 1
+		;;
+esac
+exit 0
+`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(initPath, []byte(initScript), 0755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, level := range []string{"2", "3", "4", "5"} {
+		rcDir := filepath.Join(rootfsPath, "etc", "rc"+level+".d")
+		if !dirExists(rcDir) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := replaceSymlink(filepath.Join("..", "init.d", "clicd-ipv6"), filepath.Join(rcDir, "S99clicd-ipv6")); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func replaceSymlink(target, linkPath string) error {
+	if current, err := os.Readlink(linkPath); err == nil && current == target {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := os.Remove(linkPath); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return err
+	}
+	return os.Symlink(target, linkPath)
+}
+
+func fileExists(path string) bool {
+	info, err := os.Stat(path)
+	return err == nil && !info.IsDir()
+}
+
+func dirExists(path string) bool {
+	info, err := os.Stat(path)
+	return err == nil && info.IsDir()
+}
+
 func ensureIPv6ForwardRules(ipv6 string) {
 	rules := [][]string{
 		{"FORWARD", "-i", "lxcbr0", "-s", ipv6 + "/128", "-j", "ACCEPT"},
@@ -527,6 +728,59 @@ func ensureIPv6ForwardRules(ipv6 string) {
 	}
 }
 
+func removeHostIPv6Routing(ipv6, uplink string) {
+	removeIPv6NAT66(ipv6, uplink)
+	removeIPv6ForwardRules(ipv6)
+	runQuiet("ip", "-6", "route", "del", ipv6+"/128", "dev", "lxcbr0")
+	if uplink != "" {
+		runQuiet("ip", "-6", "neigh", "del", "proxy", ipv6, "dev", uplink)
+	}
+}
+
+func removeIPv6ForwardRules(ipv6 string) {
+	rules := [][]string{
+		{"FORWARD", "-i", "lxcbr0", "-s", ipv6 + "/128", "-j", "ACCEPT"},
+		{"FORWARD", "-o", "lxcbr0", "-d", ipv6 + "/128", "-j", "ACCEPT"},
+	}
+	for _, rule := range rules {
+		del := append([]string{"-D"}, rule...)
+		for exec.Command("ip6tables", del...).Run() == nil {
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func containerIPv6ConnectivityOK(lxcName string) bool {
+	targets := []string{"2606:4700:4700::1111", "2001:4860:4860::8888"}
+	for _, target := range targets {
+		if exec.Command("lxc-attach", "-n", lxcName, "--", "ping", "-6", "-c", "1", "-W", "2", target).Run() == nil {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func ensureIPv6NAT66(ipv6, uplink string) {
+	if ipv6 == "" || uplink == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	rule := []string{"POSTROUTING", "-s", ipv6 + "/128", "-o", uplink, "-j", "MASQUERADE"}
+	check := append([]string{"-t", "nat", "-C"}, rule...)
+	add := append([]string{"-t", "nat", "-A"}, rule...)
+	if exec.Command("ip6tables", check...).Run() != nil {
+		exec.Command("ip6tables", add...).Run()
+	}
+}
+
+func removeIPv6NAT66(ipv6, uplink string) {
+	if ipv6 == "" || uplink == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	rule := []string{"POSTROUTING", "-s", ipv6 + "/128", "-o", uplink, "-j", "MASQUERADE"}
+	del := append([]string{"-t", "nat", "-D"}, rule...)
+	for exec.Command("ip6tables", del...).Run() == nil {
+	}
+}
+
 func runQuiet(name string, args ...string) {
 	_ = exec.Command(name, args...).Run()
 }

backend/internal/lxc/lxc.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package lxc
 
 import (
+	"bufio"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"encoding/hex"
@@ -105,19 +106,23 @@ func (m *Manager) updateAllRates() {
 		}
 		lxcName := c.LxcName()
 
-		// Read raw bytes
-		memUsage := readIntCommand(fmt.Sprintf(
-			"cat /sys/fs/cgroup/lxc/%[1]s/memory.current 2>/dev/null || "+
-				"cat /sys/fs/cgroup/lxc.payload.%[1]s/memory.current 2>/dev/null || "+
-				"cat /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/lxc/%[1]s/memory.usage_in_bytes 2>/dev/null || echo 0", shellQuote(lxcName)))
+		// Cache init PID once per scan so getContainerNetworkBytes / getContainerDiskIOBytes
+		// don't each fork lxc-info separately.
+		initPID := m.getContainerInitPID(lxcName)
 
-		cpuUsec := uint64(readIntCommand(fmt.Sprintf(
-			"(cat /sys/fs/cgroup/lxc/%[1]s/cpu.stat 2>/dev/null || "+
-				"cat /sys/fs/cgroup/lxc.payload.%[1]s/cpu.stat 2>/dev/null) | "+
-				"awk '/usage_usec/ {print $2; found=1} END {if (!found) print 0}'", shellQuote(lxcName))))
+		// Read memory from cgroup directly (no shell fork)
+		memUsage := readCgroupFile(lxcName,
+			"/sys/fs/cgroup/lxc/%s/memory.current",
+			"/sys/fs/cgroup/lxc.payload.%s/memory.current",
+			"/sys/fs/cgroup/memory/lxc/%s/memory.usage_in_bytes")
 
-		rxBytes, txBytes := m.getContainerNetworkBytes(lxcName)
-		readBytes, writeBytes := m.getContainerDiskIOBytes(lxcName)
+		// Read cpu usage from cgroup directly (no shell | awk fork)
+		cpuUsec := readCgroupCPUUsec(lxcName,
+			"/sys/fs/cgroup/lxc/%s/cpu.stat",
+			"/sys/fs/cgroup/lxc.payload.%s/cpu.stat")
+
+		rxBytes, txBytes := getNetworkBytesForPID(initPID)
+		readBytes, writeBytes := getDiskIOBytesForPID(initPID)
 
 		now := time.Now()
 		sample := containerUsageSample{
@@ -216,6 +221,7 @@ type ContainerConfig struct {
 	IOSpeedMBps      int     `json:"io_speed_mbps"`
 	ExtraPorts       []int   `json:"extra_ports"`
 	PortMappingCount int     `json:"port_mapping_count"`
+	SnapshotLimit    int     `json:"snapshot_limit"`
 	AssignIPv6       bool    `json:"assign_ipv6"`
 	ExpiresAt        string  `json:"expires_at"`
 }
@@ -226,6 +232,12 @@ func (m *Manager) CreateContainer(cfg ContainerConfig) error {
 	if tmpl == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("template not found: %s", cfg.TemplateID)
 	}
+	if cfg.PortMappingCount < 2 {
+		cfg.PortMappingCount = 2
+	}
+	if cfg.SnapshotLimit <= 0 {
+		cfg.SnapshotLimit = config.DefaultSnapshotLimit
+	}
 
 	if !config.IsValidContainerName(cfg.Name) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid container name: %s", cfg.Name)
@@ -351,6 +363,7 @@ func (m *Manager) CreateContainer(cfg ContainerConfig) error {
 		SSHPassword:      sshPassword,
 		PortMappings:     portMappings,
 		PortMappingLimit: cfg.PortMappingCount,
+		SnapshotLimit:    config.NormalizeSnapshotLimit(cfg.SnapshotLimit),
 		CreatedAt:        now,
 		ExpiresAt:        cfg.ExpiresAt,
 	}
@@ -359,6 +372,11 @@ func (m *Manager) CreateContainer(cfg ContainerConfig) error {
 	// Pre-configure network and SSH in the rootfs before first boot.
 	rootfsPath := filepath.Join(m.LxcPath, lxcName, "rootfs")
 	m.preconfigureNetwork(rootfsPath, cfg.TemplateID)
+	if ipv6 != "" {
+		if err := installContainerIPv6Init(rootfsPath, ipv6); err != nil {
+			fmt.Printf("Warning: failed to install IPv6 init in %s: %v\n", lxcName, err)
+		}
+	}
 	if err := m.preconfigureSSH(rootfsPath, sshPassword, cfg.TemplateID); err != nil {
 		fmt.Printf("Warning: failed to pre-configure SSH in %s: %v\n", lxcName, err)
 	}
@@ -1411,6 +1429,9 @@ func (m *Manager) DestroyContainer(id int) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("container not found: %d", id)
 	}
 	lxcName := c.LxcName()
+	if c.IPv6 != "" && c.IPv6Interface != "" {
+		removeHostIPv6Routing(c.IPv6, c.IPv6Interface)
+	}
 
 	if err := m.StopContainer(id); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to stop container before destroy: %v", err)
@@ -1458,6 +1479,10 @@ func (m *Manager) DestroyContainer(id int) error {
 		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("container still exists after cleanup with status %s", status)
 	}
+	snapshotDir := filepath.Join(snapshotBaseDir(), lxcName)
+	if err := safePathUnder(snapshotDir, snapshotBaseDir()); err == nil {
+		os.RemoveAll(snapshotDir)
+	}
 
 	if !config.RemoveContainer(id) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("container destroyed but config entry was not removed: %d", id)
@@ -1986,6 +2011,7 @@ func (m *Manager) ImportExistingClicdContainers() ([]config.Container, error) {
 			Status:           status,
 			CreatedAt:        time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339),
 			PortMappingLimit: 2,
+			SnapshotLimit:    config.DefaultSnapshotLimit,
 		}
 
 		if status == "running" {
@@ -2088,6 +2114,11 @@ func (m *Manager) ReinstallContainer(id int, templateID string) error {
 	// Set root password and pre-configure network/SSH via chroot.
 	rootfsPath := filepath.Join(m.LxcPath, lxcName, "rootfs")
 	m.preconfigureNetwork(rootfsPath, templateID)
+	if c.IPv6 != "" {
+		if err := installContainerIPv6Init(rootfsPath, c.IPv6); err != nil {
+			fmt.Printf("Warning: failed to install IPv6 init in %s after reinstall: %v\n", lxcName, err)
+		}
+	}
 	if c.SSHPassword == "" {
 		c.SSHPassword = generateRandomString(16)
 	}
@@ -2103,6 +2134,7 @@ func (m *Manager) ReinstallContainer(id int, templateID string) error {
 
 	// Update template and keep everything else the same
 	c.Template = templateID
+	c.SSHHostKey = ""
 	c.Status = "running"
 	config.SaveConfig()
 
@@ -2218,10 +2250,38 @@ func (m *Manager) getContainerNetworkBytes(lxcName string) (uint64, uint64) {
 	if pid == "" {
 		return 0, 0
 	}
-	dir := fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%s/net", pid)
-	rx := readIntCommand(fmt.Sprintf("cat %s/dev 2>/dev/null | awk '{rx+=$2; tx+=$10} END {print rx}' || echo 0", shellQuote(dir)))
-	tx := readIntCommand(fmt.Sprintf("cat %s/dev 2>/dev/null | awk '{rx+=$2; tx+=$10} END {print tx}' || echo 0", shellQuote(dir)))
-	return uint64(rx), uint64(tx)
+	return readProcNetDev(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%s/net/dev", pid))
+}
+
+// readProcNetDev parses /proc/PID/net/dev directly (no shell/awk fork).
+func readProcNetDev(path string) (uint64, uint64) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0
+	}
+	var rx, tx uint64
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(strings.NewReader(string(data)))
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := scanner.Text()
+		// Skip header lines
+		if strings.Contains(line, "|") || strings.Contains(line, "face") || strings.TrimSpace(line) == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		fields := strings.Fields(line)
+		// Fields: face | rx_bytes rx_packets rx_errs rx_drop rx_fifo rx_frame rx_compressed rx_multicast | tx_bytes tx_packets tx_errs tx_drop tx_fifo tx_colls tx_carrier tx_compressed
+		// Skip loopback (face starts with "lo")
+		if len(fields) < 10 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if strings.HasPrefix(fields[0], "lo") {
+			continue
+		}
+		r, _ := strconv.ParseUint(fields[1], 10, 64)
+		t, _ := strconv.ParseUint(fields[9], 10, 64)
+		rx += r
+		tx += t
+	}
+	return rx, tx
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) getContainerDiskIOBytes(lxcName string) (uint64, uint64) {
@@ -2229,10 +2289,22 @@ func (m *Manager) getContainerDiskIOBytes(lxcName string) (uint64, uint64) {
 	if pid == "" {
 		return 0, 0
 	}
-	// /proc/PID/io format: "field_name: value" per line
-	// Fields: rchar, wchar, syscr, syscw, read_bytes, write_bytes, cancelled_write_bytes
-	readBytes := uint64(readIntCommand(fmt.Sprintf("awk '/^read_bytes:/ {print $2}' /proc/%s/io 2>/dev/null || echo 0", pid)))
-	writeBytes := uint64(readIntCommand(fmt.Sprintf("awk '/^write_bytes:/ {print $2}' /proc/%s/io 2>/dev/null || echo 0", pid)))
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%s/io", pid))
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0
+	}
+	var readBytes, writeBytes uint64
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(strings.NewReader(string(data)))
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := scanner.Text()
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "read_bytes:") {
+			val := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(line, "read_bytes:"))
+			readBytes, _ = strconv.ParseUint(val, 10, 64)
+		} else if strings.HasPrefix(line, "write_bytes:") {
+			val := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(line, "write_bytes:"))
+			writeBytes, _ = strconv.ParseUint(val, 10, 64)
+		}
+	}
 	return readBytes, writeBytes
 }
 
@@ -2245,6 +2317,73 @@ func (m *Manager) getContainerInitPID(lxcName string) string {
 	return strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
 }
 
+// readCgroupFile tries each path template in order, reads the file directly (no shell),
+// and returns the first valid int64 value.
+func readCgroupFile(name string, paths ...string) int64 {
+	for _, tmpl := range paths {
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(fmt.Sprintf(tmpl, name))
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		val, err := strconv.ParseInt(strings.TrimSpace(string(data)), 10, 64)
+		if err == nil && val > 0 {
+			return val
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// readCgroupCPUUsec tries each path template, reads cpu.stat, and extracts usage_usec.
+func readCgroupCPUUsec(name string, paths ...string) uint64 {
+	for _, tmpl := range paths {
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(fmt.Sprintf(tmpl, name))
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(strings.NewReader(string(data)))
+		for scanner.Scan() {
+			line := scanner.Text()
+			if strings.HasPrefix(line, "usage_usec ") {
+				val, err := strconv.ParseUint(strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(line, "usage_usec")), 10, 64)
+				if err == nil {
+					return val
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// getNetworkBytesForPID reads /proc/PID/net/dev for a given PID (no lxc-info needed).
+func getNetworkBytesForPID(pid string) (uint64, uint64) {
+	if pid == "" {
+		return 0, 0
+	}
+	return readProcNetDev(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%s/net/dev", pid))
+}
+
+// getDiskIOBytesForPID reads /proc/PID/io for a given PID (no lxc-info needed).
+func getDiskIOBytesForPID(pid string) (uint64, uint64) {
+	if pid == "" {
+		return 0, 0
+	}
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%s/io", pid))
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0
+	}
+	var readBytes, writeBytes uint64
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(strings.NewReader(string(data)))
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := scanner.Text()
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "read_bytes:") {
+			readBytes, _ = strconv.ParseUint(strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(line, "read_bytes:")), 10, 64)
+		} else if strings.HasPrefix(line, "write_bytes:") {
+			writeBytes, _ = strconv.ParseUint(strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(line, "write_bytes:")), 10, 64)
+		}
+	}
+	return readBytes, writeBytes
+}
+
 // getContainerUptimeSeconds returns how long the container has been running (in seconds).
 func (m *Manager) getContainerUptimeSeconds(lxcName string) float64 {
 	pid := m.getContainerInitPID(lxcName)
@@ -2372,6 +2511,7 @@ func (m *Manager) AccumulateTraffic() {
 	lastTrafficSnapshotMu.Lock()
 	defer lastTrafficSnapshotMu.Unlock()
 
+	changed := false
 	for i := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
 		c := &config.AppConfig.Containers[i]
 		if c.Status != "running" {
@@ -2385,17 +2525,25 @@ func (m *Manager) AccumulateTraffic() {
 			c.TrafficUsedTX = 0
 			c.TrafficResetDate = currentMonth
 			delete(lastTrafficSnapshot, c.LxcName())
+			changed = true
 		}
 		rx, tx := m.getContainerNetworkBytes(c.LxcName())
 		prev, exists := lastTrafficSnapshot[c.LxcName()]
 		// Only add the DELTA (increment since last snapshot)
 		if exists && rx >= prev.RXBytes && tx >= prev.TXBytes {
-			c.TrafficUsedRX += int64(rx - prev.RXBytes)
-			c.TrafficUsedTX += int64(tx - prev.TXBytes)
+			deltaRX := int64(rx - prev.RXBytes)
+			deltaTX := int64(tx - prev.TXBytes)
+			if deltaRX > 0 || deltaTX > 0 {
+				c.TrafficUsedRX += deltaRX
+				c.TrafficUsedTX += deltaTX
+				changed = true
+			}
 		}
 		lastTrafficSnapshot[c.LxcName()] = trafficSample{RXBytes: rx, TXBytes: tx}
 	}
-	config.SaveConfig()
+	if changed {
+		config.SaveConfig()
+	}
 }
 
 // GetTrafficInfo returns traffic usage info for a container

backend/internal/lxc/snapshot.go

@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+package lxc
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"clicd/internal/config"
+)
+
+var snapshotMu sync.Mutex
+
+func (m *Manager) CreateSnapshot(id int, createdBy string, scheduled bool, rotateLimit int) (config.Snapshot, error) {
+	snapshotMu.Lock()
+	defer snapshotMu.Unlock()
+
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c == nil {
+		return config.Snapshot{}, fmt.Errorf("container not found: %d", id)
+	}
+	if scheduled && rotateLimit > 0 {
+		for {
+			existing := config.ContainerSnapshots(id)
+			if len(existing) < rotateLimit {
+				break
+			}
+			sortSnapshotsOldestFirst(existing)
+			if err := m.deleteSnapshotLocked(existing[0]); err != nil {
+				return config.Snapshot{}, err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	lxcName := c.LxcName()
+	containerDir := filepath.Join(m.LxcPath, lxcName)
+	if _, err := os.Stat(containerDir); err != nil {
+		return config.Snapshot{}, fmt.Errorf("container storage not found: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	snapshotID := fmt.Sprintf("snap-%d-%s", id, now.Format("20060102150405-000000000"))
+	snapshotDir := filepath.Join(snapshotBaseDir(), lxcName, snapshotID)
+	if err := safePathUnder(snapshotDir, snapshotBaseDir()); err != nil {
+		return config.Snapshot{}, err
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(snapshotDir, 0700); err != nil {
+		return config.Snapshot{}, err
+	}
+
+	wasRunning, err := m.prepareContainerForColdCopy(id, lxcName, containerDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		os.RemoveAll(snapshotDir)
+		return config.Snapshot{}, err
+	}
+	if wasRunning {
+		defer func() {
+			if err := m.StartContainer(id); err != nil {
+				fmt.Printf("Warning: failed to restart %s after snapshot: %v\n", lxcName, err)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
+	if err := copyTree(containerDir, snapshotDir); err != nil {
+		os.RemoveAll(snapshotDir)
+		return config.Snapshot{}, err
+	}
+
+	snapshot := config.Snapshot{
+		ID:            snapshotID,
+		ContainerID:   c.ID,
+		ContainerName: c.Name,
+		LXCName:       lxcName,
+		CreatedAt:     now.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"),
+		CreatedBy:     createdBy,
+		Scheduled:     scheduled,
+		Path:          snapshotDir,
+		SizeBytes:     dirSizeBytes(snapshotDir),
+	}
+	config.AddSnapshot(snapshot)
+	return snapshot, nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) DeleteSnapshot(id string) error {
+	snapshotMu.Lock()
+	defer snapshotMu.Unlock()
+
+	snapshot := config.FindSnapshot(id)
+	if snapshot == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("snapshot not found: %s", id)
+	}
+	return m.deleteSnapshotLocked(*snapshot)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) deleteSnapshotLocked(snapshot config.Snapshot) error {
+	if snapshot.Path != "" {
+		if err := safePathUnder(snapshot.Path, snapshotBaseDir()); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := os.RemoveAll(snapshot.Path); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete snapshot files: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	config.RemoveSnapshot(snapshot.ID)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) RestoreSnapshot(id string) error {
+	snapshotMu.Lock()
+	defer snapshotMu.Unlock()
+
+	snapshot := config.FindSnapshot(id)
+	if snapshot == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("snapshot not found: %s", id)
+	}
+	if snapshot.Path == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("snapshot path is empty")
+	}
+	if err := safePathUnder(snapshot.Path, snapshotBaseDir()); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(snapshot.Path); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("snapshot files not found: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	c := config.FindContainer(snapshot.ContainerID)
+	if c == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("container not found: %d", snapshot.ContainerID)
+	}
+	lxcName := c.LxcName()
+	containerDir := filepath.Join(m.LxcPath, lxcName)
+	if err := safePathUnder(containerDir, m.LxcPath); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	wasRunning, err := m.prepareContainerForColdCopy(c.ID, lxcName, containerDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	backupDir := filepath.Join(m.LxcPath, fmt.Sprintf(".%s-restore-backup-%d", lxcName, time.Now().UnixNano()))
+	if err := safePathUnder(backupDir, m.LxcPath); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.Rename(containerDir, backupDir); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to move current container aside: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := copyTree(snapshot.Path, containerDir); err != nil {
+		os.RemoveAll(containerDir)
+		_ = os.Rename(backupDir, containerDir)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to restore snapshot: %v", err)
+	}
+	_ = os.RemoveAll(backupDir)
+
+	config.UpdateContainerStatus(c.ID, "stopped")
+	if wasRunning {
+		return m.StartContainer(c.ID)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) SetSnapshotSchedule(id int, enabled bool, intervalHours int, scheduleTime string, createdBy string) (*config.Container, error) {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("container not found: %d", id)
+	}
+	if intervalHours < 24 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("snapshot schedule interval cannot be less than 24 hours")
+	}
+	if _, err := parseScheduleClock(scheduleTime); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	c.SnapshotScheduleEnabled = enabled
+	c.SnapshotScheduleIntervalHours = intervalHours
+	c.SnapshotScheduleTime = scheduleTime
+	c.SnapshotScheduleCreatedBy = createdBy
+	if enabled {
+		c.SnapshotScheduleNextRun = nextSnapshotRun(time.Now(), intervalHours, scheduleTime).Format(time.RFC3339)
+	} else {
+		c.SnapshotScheduleNextRun = ""
+	}
+	if err := config.SaveConfig(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return c, nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) StartSnapshotScheduler() {
+	go func() {
+		m.runDueSnapshotSchedules()
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Minute)
+		defer ticker.Stop()
+		for range ticker.C {
+			m.runDueSnapshotSchedules()
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) runDueSnapshotSchedules() {
+	now := time.Now()
+	containers := append([]config.Container(nil), config.AppConfig.Containers...)
+	for _, c := range containers {
+		if !c.SnapshotScheduleEnabled {
+			continue
+		}
+		nextRun, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, c.SnapshotScheduleNextRun)
+		if err != nil || c.SnapshotScheduleNextRun == "" {
+			nextRun = now
+		}
+		if now.Before(nextRun) {
+			continue
+		}
+		createdBy := c.SnapshotScheduleCreatedBy
+		if createdBy == "" {
+			createdBy = "admin"
+		}
+		rotateLimit := 0
+		if strings.HasPrefix(createdBy, "user:") {
+			rotateLimit = config.ContainerSnapshotLimit(&c)
+		}
+		if _, err := m.CreateSnapshot(c.ID, createdBy, true, rotateLimit); err != nil {
+			fmt.Printf("Warning: scheduled snapshot failed for %s: %v\n", c.Name, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		if current := config.FindContainer(c.ID); current != nil {
+			interval := current.SnapshotScheduleIntervalHours
+			if interval < 24 {
+				interval = 24
+			}
+			next := nextRun.Add(time.Duration(interval) * time.Hour)
+			for !next.After(now) {
+				next = next.Add(time.Duration(interval) * time.Hour)
+			}
+			current.SnapshotScheduleLastRun = now.Format(time.RFC3339)
+			current.SnapshotScheduleNextRun = next.Format(time.RFC3339)
+			config.SaveConfig()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func parseScheduleClock(value string) (time.Duration, error) {
+	parts := strings.Split(value, ":")
+	if len(parts) != 2 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("snapshot schedule time must be HH:MM")
+	}
+	hour, err := strconv.Atoi(parts[0])
+	if err != nil || hour < 0 || hour > 23 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("snapshot schedule hour must be 00-23")
+	}
+	minute, err := strconv.Atoi(parts[1])
+	if err != nil || minute < 0 || minute > 59 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("snapshot schedule minute must be 00-59")
+	}
+	return time.Duration(hour)*time.Hour + time.Duration(minute)*time.Minute, nil
+}
+
+func nextSnapshotRun(from time.Time, intervalHours int, scheduleTime string) time.Time {
+	clock, err := parseScheduleClock(scheduleTime)
+	if err != nil {
+		clock = 3 * time.Hour
+	}
+	midnight := time.Date(from.Year(), from.Month(), from.Day(), 0, 0, 0, 0, from.Location())
+	next := midnight.Add(clock)
+	interval := time.Duration(intervalHours) * time.Hour
+	for !next.After(from) {
+		next = next.Add(interval)
+	}
+	return next
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) prepareContainerForColdCopy(id int, lxcName string, containerDir string) (bool, error) {
+	status, _ := m.GetContainerStatus(lxcName)
+	wasRunning := status == "running"
+	if wasRunning {
+		if err := m.StopContainer(id); err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+	} else if c := config.FindContainer(id); c != nil {
+		m.CleanPortMappings(id)
+		m.cleanupBandwidthLimit(c.LxcName())
+	}
+	rootfs := filepath.Join(containerDir, "rootfs")
+	exec.Command("umount", "-R", "-l", rootfs).Run()
+	m.detachContainerMounts(containerDir)
+	m.detachContainerLoopDevices(containerDir)
+	return wasRunning, nil
+}
+
+func snapshotBaseDir() string {
+	return filepath.Join(config.AppConfig.DataDir, "snapshots")
+}
+
+func copyTree(src string, dst string) error {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dst, 0700); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	output, err := exec.Command("cp", "-a", "--sparse=always", "--reflink=auto", src+string(os.PathSeparator)+".", dst+string(os.PathSeparator)).CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		output, err = exec.Command("cp", "-a", "--sparse=always", src+string(os.PathSeparator)+".", dst+string(os.PathSeparator)).CombinedOutput()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("cp failed: %v, output: %s", err, string(output))
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func dirSizeBytes(path string) int64 {
+	out, err := exec.Command("du", "-s", "-B1", path).Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	parts := strings.Fields(string(out))
+	if len(parts) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	var size int64
+	fmt.Sscanf(parts[0], "%d", &size)
+	return size
+}
+
+func safePathUnder(path string, base string) error {
+	absPath, err := filepath.Abs(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	absBase, err := filepath.Abs(base)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if absPath == absBase || strings.HasPrefix(absPath, absBase+string(os.PathSeparator)) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("refusing unsafe path: %s", absPath)
+}
+
+func sortSnapshotsOldestFirst(snapshots []config.Snapshot) {
+	sort.SliceStable(snapshots, func(i, j int) bool {
+		ti, _ := time.Parse("2006-01-02 15:04:05", snapshots[i].CreatedAt)
+		tj, _ := time.Parse("2006-01-02 15:04:05", snapshots[j].CreatedAt)
+		return ti.Before(tj)
+	})
+}

backend/internal/server/server.go

@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ package server
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
 	"strings"
-	"time"
 
 	"clicd/internal/api"
 	"clicd/internal/config"
-	"clicd/internal/lxc"
 )
 
 // webFS holds embedded frontend files
@@ -18,12 +18,19 @@ var webFS http.FileSystem
 // corsMiddleware adds CORS headers
 func corsMiddleware(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
+		if origin := r.Header.Get("Origin"); origin != "" && isAllowedOrigin(origin, r.Host) {
+			w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", origin)
+			w.Header().Set("Vary", "Origin")
+			w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true")
+		}
 		w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS")
-		w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, Authorization")
-		w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true")
+		w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, Authorization, X-API-Key")
 
 		if r.Method == http.MethodOptions {
+			if origin := r.Header.Get("Origin"); origin != "" && !isAllowedOrigin(origin, r.Host) {
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
+				return
+			}
 			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
 			return
 		}
@@ -32,6 +39,34 @@ func corsMiddleware(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
 	}
 }
 
+func isAllowedOrigin(origin string, requestHost string) bool {
+	u, err := url.Parse(origin)
+	if err != nil || u.Host == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	originHost := normalizeHost(u.Host)
+	host := normalizeHost(requestHost)
+	if originHost == host {
+		return true
+	}
+	return isLoopbackHost(originHost) && isLoopbackHost(host)
+}
+
+func normalizeHost(host string) string {
+	if h, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(host); err == nil {
+		return strings.ToLower(h)
+	}
+	return strings.ToLower(host)
+}
+
+func isLoopbackHost(host string) bool {
+	if host == "localhost" {
+		return true
+	}
+	ip := net.ParseIP(host)
+	return ip != nil && ip.IsLoopback()
+}
+
 // setupRoutes configures API and static routes
 func setupRoutes(mux *http.ServeMux) {
 	// API routes
@@ -50,6 +85,8 @@ func setupRoutes(mux *http.ServeMux) {
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/images/enabled", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.SubUserMiddleware(api.HandleEnabledImages))))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/dashboard", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleDashboard)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/host-info", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleHostInfo)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/snapshots", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleSnapshots)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/routing", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleRouting)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/ipv6/status", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleIPv6Status)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/oversell", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleOversell)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/oversell/status", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleOversellStatus)))
@@ -73,6 +110,9 @@ func setupRoutes(mux *http.ServeMux) {
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/api-keys", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleApiKeys)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/api-keys/", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleApiKeyDelete)))
 
+	// Version (public)
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/version", corsMiddleware(api.HandleVersion))
+
 	// Static files
 	if webFS != nil {
 		fs := http.FileServer(webFS)
@@ -107,7 +147,6 @@ func setupRoutes(mux *http.ServeMux) {
 func Run() error {
 	// Use embedded frontend files
 	webFS = GetEmbeddedFS()
-	startExpiryMonitor()
 
 	mux := http.NewServeMux()
 	setupRoutes(mux)
@@ -124,15 +163,3 @@ func Run() error {
 	return server.ListenAndServe()
 }
 
-func startExpiryMonitor() {
-	manager := lxc.NewManager()
-	go func() {
-		manager.StopExpiredContainers(time.Now())
-
-		ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Minute)
-		defer ticker.Stop()
-		for now := range ticker.C {
-			manager.StopExpiredContainers(now)
-		}
-	}()
-}

backend/internal/server/web/.gitkeep

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-

backend/internal/version/version.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package version
+
+var (
+	Version = "1.0.8"
+	Repo    = "MengMengCode/CLICD"
+)
+
+func Current() string {
+	if Version == "" {
+		return "dev"
+	}
+	return Version
+}
+
+
+

backend/main.go

@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ func main() {
 		// Start usage monitor (computes CPU/network/disk rates every 5s)
 		manager.StartUsageMonitor()
 
+		// Start scheduled snapshot scanner.
+		manager.StartSnapshotScheduler()
+
 		// Clean up stale container configs (LXC dir was deleted but config remains)
 		config.CleanStaleContainers()
 

build.sh

@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ go mod tidy
 go mod download
 
 # Build for Linux amd64
-GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -ldflags="-s -w" -o "$BUILD_DIR/clicd" .
+BUILD_VERSION="${CLICD_VERSION:-dev}"
+GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -ldflags="-s -w -X clicd/internal/version.Version=${BUILD_VERSION}" -o "$BUILD_DIR/clicd" .
 
 echo "Go backend built successfully"
 

frontend/index.html

@@ -5,8 +5,16 @@
     <link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="/favicon.svg" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
     <title>CLICD - LXC Container Manager</title>
+    <script>
+      (function() {
+        var theme = localStorage.getItem('clicd_theme');
+        if (theme === 'dark' || (!theme && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches)) {
+          document.documentElement.classList.add('dark');
+        }
+      })();
+    </script>
   </head>
-  <body class="bg-white text-black">
+  <body class="bg-white text-black dark:bg-gray-950 dark:text-white">
     <div id="root"></div>
     <script type="module" src="/src/main.tsx"></script>
   </body>

frontend/src/App.tsx

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import AuditLogs from './pages/AuditLogs'
 import ApiIntegration from './pages/ApiIntegration'
 import Settings from './pages/Settings'
 import ImageManagement from './pages/ImageManagement'
+import Snapshots from './pages/Snapshots'
+import Routing from './pages/Routing'
 import Layout from './components/Layout'
 
 function ProtectedRoute({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
@@ -17,8 +19,8 @@ function ProtectedRoute({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
 
   if (isLoading) {
     return (
-      <div className="min-h-screen flex items-center justify-center bg-white">
-        <div className="animate-spin rounded-full h-8 w-8 border-b-2 border-black"></div>
+      <div className="min-h-screen flex items-center justify-center bg-white dark:bg-gray-950">
+        <div className="animate-spin rounded-full h-8 w-8 border-b-2 border-black dark:border-white"></div>
       </div>
     )
   }
@@ -57,6 +59,8 @@ function App() {
         <Route path="container/:id" element={<ContainerDetail />} />
         <Route path="oversell" element={<Oversell />} />
         <Route path="security" element={<Security />} />
+        <Route path="snapshots" element={<Snapshots />} />
+        <Route path="routing" element={<Routing />} />
         <Route path="audit-logs" element={<AuditLogs />} />
         <Route path="api-integration" element={<ApiIntegration />} />
         <Route path="settings" element={<Settings />} />

frontend/src/components/CreateContainerModal.tsx

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ const defaultForm: CreateContainerRequest = {
   io_speed_mbps: 0,
   extra_ports: [],
   port_mapping_count: 2,
+  snapshot_limit: 3,
   assign_ipv6: false,
   expires_at: '',
 }
@@ -94,7 +95,13 @@ export default function CreateContainerModal({ isOpen, onClose, onSuccess }: Cre
     const containers: CreateContainerRequest[] = []
     for (let i = 0; i < batchCount; i++) {
       const name = batchCount > 1 ? `${boundedForm.name}-${i + 1}` : boundedForm.name
-      containers.push({ ...boundedForm, name, port_mapping_count: Math.max(2, boundedForm.port_mapping_count || 2), extra_ports: [] })
+      containers.push({
+        ...boundedForm,
+        name,
+        port_mapping_count: Math.max(2, boundedForm.port_mapping_count || 2),
+        snapshot_limit: Math.max(1, boundedForm.snapshot_limit || 3),
+        extra_ports: [],
+      })
     }
 
     setLoading(true)
@@ -248,6 +255,15 @@ export default function CreateContainerModal({ isOpen, onClose, onSuccess }: Cre
             </div>
           </Field>
 
+          <Field label="子用户快照上限">
+            <NumberInput
+              value={form.snapshot_limit}
+              min={1}
+              max={999}
+              onChange={(value) => setForm({ ...form, snapshot_limit: Math.max(1, Math.round(value || 1)) })}
+            />
+          </Field>
+
           <Field label="到期时间">
             <div className="relative">
               <CalendarClock className="absolute left-3 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 w-4 h-4 text-gray-400" />
@@ -325,6 +341,7 @@ function clampCreateForm(form: CreateContainerRequest, maxVCPU: number, maxRAMMB
     vcpu: clampVCPU(form.vcpu, maxVCPU),
     ram_mb: clampInt(form.ram_mb, 128, maxRAMMB, 512),
     disk_gb: clampInt(form.disk_gb, 1, maxDiskGB, 10),
+    snapshot_limit: clampInt(form.snapshot_limit, 1, undefined, 3),
   }
 }
 

frontend/src/components/Layout.tsx

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ export default function Layout() {
   const [sidebarCollapsed, setSidebarCollapsed] = useState(false)
 
   return (
-    <div className="min-h-screen bg-gray-50 flex">
+    <div className="min-h-screen bg-gray-50 flex dark:bg-gray-950">
       <Sidebar collapsed={sidebarCollapsed} onToggle={() => setSidebarCollapsed(!sidebarCollapsed)} />
       <main className={`flex-1 transition-all duration-300 ${sidebarCollapsed ? 'ml-16' : 'ml-60'}`}>
         <div className="p-6">

frontend/src/components/ResourceStatsPanel.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { ReactNode } from 'react'
 import { RefreshCw } from 'lucide-react'
+import { useTheme } from '../contexts/ThemeContext'
 
 export type StatsRangeKey = '30m' | '1h' | '1d' | '1w'
 
@@ -45,17 +46,19 @@ export default function ResourceStatsPanel({
   charts: ResourceChartConfig[]
 }) {
   return (
-    <section className="border border-gray-200 rounded-lg bg-white overflow-hidden">
-      <div className="flex items-center justify-between gap-3 px-4 py-2.5 border-b border-gray-200 bg-white">
-        <h2 className="text-sm font-semibold text-gray-950">统计信息</h2>
+    <section className="border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700 rounded-lg bg-white dark:bg-gray-900 overflow-hidden">
+      <div className="flex items-center justify-between gap-3 px-4 py-2.5 border-b border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700 bg-white dark:bg-gray-900">
+        <h2 className="text-sm font-semibold text-gray-950 dark:text-white">统计信息</h2>
         <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
-          <div className="inline-flex rounded border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 p-0.5">
+          <div className="inline-flex rounded border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800 p-0.5">
             {(Object.keys(rangeLabels) as StatsRangeKey[]).map((item) => (
               <button
                 key={item}
                 onClick={() => onRangeChange(item)}
                 className={`h-7 px-3 rounded text-xs font-medium transition-colors ${
-                  range === item ? 'bg-gray-800 text-white shadow-sm' : 'text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-900'
+                  range === item
+                    ? 'bg-gray-800 text-white shadow-sm dark:bg-white dark:text-black'
+                    : 'text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-white'
                 }`}
               >
                 {rangeLabels[item]}
@@ -64,7 +67,7 @@ export default function ResourceStatsPanel({
           </div>
           <button
             onClick={onRefresh}
-            className="h-8 w-8 inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded border border-gray-200 text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-50 hover:text-gray-900"
+            className="h-8 w-8 inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700 text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400 hover:bg-gray-50 dark:hover:bg-gray-800 hover:text-gray-900 dark:hover:text-white"
             title="刷新"
           >
             <RefreshCw className="w-4 h-4" />
@@ -90,11 +93,11 @@ function DetailedChart({ chart, className }: { chart: ResourceChartConfig; class
     <div className={`p-4 ${className}`}>
       <div className="flex items-start justify-between gap-3 mb-2">
         <div>
-          <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 text-sm font-semibold text-gray-950">
-            <span className="text-gray-500">{chart.icon}</span>
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 text-sm font-semibold text-gray-950 dark:text-white">
+            <span className="text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">{chart.icon}</span>
             <span>{chart.title}</span>
           </div>
-          {chart.detail && <p className="mt-0.5 text-[11px] text-gray-400">{chart.detail}</p>}
+          {chart.detail && <p className="mt-0.5 text-[11px] text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">{chart.detail}</p>}
         </div>
         <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-3 text-right">
           <Stat label="当前" value={chart.formatValue(chart.current)} />
@@ -115,8 +118,8 @@ function DetailedChart({ chart, className }: { chart: ResourceChartConfig; class
 function Stat({ label, value }: { label: string; value: string }) {
   return (
     <div>
-      <div className="text-[10px] text-gray-400">{label}</div>
-      <div className="text-xs font-semibold text-gray-900 tabular-nums whitespace-nowrap">{value}</div>
+      <div className="text-[10px] text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">{label}</div>
+      <div className="text-xs font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 tabular-nums whitespace-nowrap">{value}</div>
     </div>
   )
 }
@@ -132,6 +135,9 @@ function LineAreaChart({
   formatValue: (value: number) => string
   unitLabel?: string
 }) {
+  const { theme } = useTheme()
+  const isDark = theme === 'dark'
+
   const width = 520
   const height = 150
   const left = 50
@@ -158,12 +164,20 @@ function LineAreaChart({
   const yTicks = [1, 0.5, 0]
   const xTicks = [0, 0.5, 1]
 
+  // Dark mode colors
+  const gridStroke = isDark ? '#374151' : '#e5e7eb'
+  const gridStrokeV = isDark ? '#1f2937' : '#edf0f2'
+  const axisStroke = isDark ? '#9ca3af' : '#888'
+  const lineStroke = isDark ? '#f9fafb' : '#444'
+  const gradientTop = isDark ? '#f9fafb' : '#555'
+  const gradientBottom = isDark ? '#374151' : '#555'
+
   return (
     <svg viewBox={`0 0 ${width} ${height}`} className="w-full h-[140px]" preserveAspectRatio="none">
       <defs>
         <linearGradient id="resource-chart-fill" x1="0" x2="0" y1="0" y2="1">
-          <stop offset="0%" stopColor="#555" stopOpacity="0.25" />
-          <stop offset="100%" stopColor="#555" stopOpacity="0.02" />
+          <stop offset="0%" stopColor={gradientTop} stopOpacity="0.25" />
+          <stop offset="100%" stopColor={gradientBottom} stopOpacity="0.02" />
         </linearGradient>
       </defs>
 
@@ -171,8 +185,8 @@ function LineAreaChart({
         const y = top + (1 - tick) * innerHeight
         return (
           <g key={tick}>
-            <line x1={left} y1={y} x2={left + innerWidth} y2={y} stroke="#e5e7eb" strokeDasharray="3 3" />
-            <text x={left - 8} y={y + 3} textAnchor="end" fontSize="10" fill="#888">
+            <line x1={left} y1={y} x2={left + innerWidth} y2={y} stroke={gridStroke} strokeDasharray="3 3" />
+            <text x={left - 8} y={y + 3} textAnchor="end" fontSize="10" fill={axisStroke}>
               {formatValue(maxValue * tick)}
             </text>
           </g>
@@ -184,8 +198,8 @@ function LineAreaChart({
         const ts = minTs + tick * span
         return (
           <g key={tick}>
-            <line x1={x} y1={top} x2={x} y2={top + innerHeight} stroke="#edf0f2" strokeDasharray="3 3" />
-            <text x={x} y={height - 5} textAnchor={tick === 0 ? 'start' : tick === 1 ? 'end' : 'middle'} fontSize="10" fill="#888">
+            <line x1={x} y1={top} x2={x} y2={top + innerHeight} stroke={gridStrokeV} strokeDasharray="3 3" />
+            <text x={x} y={height - 5} textAnchor={tick === 0 ? 'start' : tick === 1 ? 'end' : 'middle'} fontSize="10" fill={axisStroke}>
               {formatTime(ts)}
             </text>
           </g>
@@ -193,15 +207,15 @@ function LineAreaChart({
       })}
 
       {unitLabel && (
-        <text x={left - 45} y={top + 10} fontSize="10" fill="#888">
+        <text x={left - 45} y={top + 10} fontSize="10" fill={axisStroke}>
           {unitLabel}
         </text>
       )}
 
-      <line x1={left} y1={top} x2={left} y2={top + innerHeight} stroke="#888" />
-      <line x1={left} y1={top + innerHeight} x2={left + innerWidth} y2={top + innerHeight} stroke="#888" />
+      <line x1={left} y1={top} x2={left} y2={top + innerHeight} stroke={axisStroke} />
+      <line x1={left} y1={top + innerHeight} x2={left + innerWidth} y2={top + innerHeight} stroke={axisStroke} />
       <polygon points={area} fill="url(#resource-chart-fill)" />
-      <polyline points={line} fill="none" stroke="#444" strokeWidth="2" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" />
+      <polyline points={line} fill="none" stroke={lineStroke} strokeWidth="2" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" />
     </svg>
   )
 }

frontend/src/components/RingStats.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { ReactNode } from 'react'
+import { useTheme } from '../contexts/ThemeContext'
 
 interface RingStatProps {
   value: number
@@ -10,11 +11,17 @@ interface RingStatProps {
 }
 
 export function RingStat({ value, max = 100, label, subLabel, size = 120, strokeWidth = 8 }: RingStatProps) {
+  const { theme } = useTheme()
+  const isDark = theme === 'dark'
+
   const radius = (size - strokeWidth) / 2
   const circumference = radius * 2 * Math.PI
   const percentage = Math.min(Math.max(value / max * 100, 0), 100)
   const strokeDashoffset = circumference - (percentage / 100) * circumference
 
+  const bgStroke = isDark ? '#374151' : '#f3f4f6'
+  const progressStroke = isDark ? '#f9fafb' : '#000000'
+
   return (
     <div className="flex flex-col items-center">
       <div className="relative" style={{ width: size, height: size }}>
@@ -25,7 +32,7 @@ export function RingStat({ value, max = 100, label, subLabel, size = 120, stroke
             cy={size / 2}
             r={radius}
             fill="none"
-            stroke="#f3f4f6"
+            stroke={bgStroke}
             strokeWidth={strokeWidth}
           />
           {/* Progress ring */}
@@ -34,7 +41,7 @@ export function RingStat({ value, max = 100, label, subLabel, size = 120, stroke
             cy={size / 2}
             r={radius}
             fill="none"
-            stroke="#000000"
+            stroke={progressStroke}
             strokeWidth={strokeWidth}
             strokeLinecap="round"
             strokeDasharray={circumference}
@@ -44,12 +51,12 @@ export function RingStat({ value, max = 100, label, subLabel, size = 120, stroke
         </svg>
         {/* Center value */}
         <div className="absolute inset-0 flex flex-col items-center justify-center">
-          <span className="text-2xl font-bold text-black">{value.toFixed(percentage < 1 ? 2 : 1)}%</span>
+          <span className="text-2xl font-bold text-black dark:text-white">{value.toFixed(percentage < 1 ? 2 : 1)}%</span>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div className="mt-2 text-center">
-        <div className="text-sm font-medium text-gray-800">{label}</div>
-        {subLabel && <div className="text-xs text-gray-400 mt-0.5">{subLabel}</div>}
+        <div className="text-sm font-medium text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200">{label}</div>
+        {subLabel && <div className="text-xs text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500 mt-0.5">{subLabel}</div>}
       </div>
     </div>
   )
@@ -96,8 +103,8 @@ export default function RingStats({
   const hasSwap = swapTotal > 0
 
   return (
-    <div className="bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-lg p-5">
-      <h2 className="text-sm font-semibold text-black mb-4">状态</h2>
+    <div className="bg-white dark:bg-gray-900 border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700 rounded-lg p-5">
+      <h2 className="text-sm font-semibold text-black dark:text-white mb-4">状态</h2>
       <div className={`grid ${hasSwap ? 'grid-cols-5' : 'grid-cols-4'} gap-3`}>
         <RingStat
           value={cpuPercent}

frontend/src/components/Sidebar.tsx

@@ -1,18 +1,25 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'
 import { useLocation, useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom'
 import {
   ChevronLeft,
   ChevronRight,
   Code2,
+  Camera,
   LayoutDashboard,
   LogOut,
+  Moon,
   Package,
+  Route,
   ScrollText,
   Server,
   Settings2,
   ShieldAlert,
+  Sun,
   UserCog,
 } from 'lucide-react'
 import { useAuth } from '../contexts/AuthContext'
+import { useTheme } from '../contexts/ThemeContext'
+import { getVersion } from '../services/api'
 import AppIcon from './AppIcon'
 
 interface SidebarProps {
@@ -24,6 +31,18 @@ export default function Sidebar({ collapsed, onToggle }: SidebarProps) {
   const navigate = useNavigate()
   const location = useLocation()
   const { logout, isSubUser } = useAuth()
+  const { theme, toggleTheme } = useTheme()
+  const [version, setVersion] = useState('')
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    getVersion()
+      .then(res => {
+        if (res.data?.data?.version) {
+          setVersion(res.data.data.version)
+        }
+      })
+      .catch(() => {})
+  }, [])
 
   const isContainerPage =
     location.pathname.startsWith('/containers') ||
@@ -31,6 +50,8 @@ export default function Sidebar({ collapsed, onToggle }: SidebarProps) {
 
   const isImagesPage = location.pathname.startsWith('/images')
   const isOversellPage = location.pathname.startsWith('/oversell')
+  const isSnapshotsPage = location.pathname.startsWith('/snapshots')
+  const isRoutingPage = location.pathname.startsWith('/routing')
   const isAuditLogsPage = location.pathname.startsWith('/audit-logs')
   const isApiIntegrationPage = location.pathname.startsWith('/api-integration')
   const isSecurityPage = location.pathname.startsWith('/security')
@@ -38,27 +59,27 @@ export default function Sidebar({ collapsed, onToggle }: SidebarProps) {
 
   return (
     <aside
-      className={`fixed left-0 top-0 h-full bg-white border-r border-gray-200 flex flex-col transition-all duration-300 z-30 ${
+      className={`fixed left-0 top-0 h-full bg-white border-r border-gray-200 flex flex-col transition-all duration-300 z-30 dark:bg-gray-900 dark:border-gray-700 ${
         collapsed ? 'w-16' : 'w-60'
       }`}
     >
-      <div className="flex items-center justify-between h-14 px-4 border-b border-gray-200">
+      <div className="flex items-center justify-between h-14 px-4 border-b border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700">
         {!collapsed && (
           <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
-            <div className="w-7 h-7 bg-gray-100 rounded flex items-center justify-center">
+            <div className="w-7 h-7 bg-gray-100 rounded flex items-center justify-center dark:bg-gray-800">
               <AppIcon className="w-5 h-5" />
             </div>
-            <span className="font-bold text-black text-sm">CLICD</span>
+            <span className="font-bold text-black text-sm dark:text-white">CLICD</span>
           </div>
         )}
         {collapsed && (
-          <div className="w-7 h-7 bg-gray-100 rounded flex items-center justify-center mx-auto">
+          <div className="w-7 h-7 bg-gray-100 rounded flex items-center justify-center mx-auto dark:bg-gray-800">
             <AppIcon className="w-5 h-5" />
           </div>
         )}
         <button
           onClick={onToggle}
-          className="p-1 rounded hover:bg-gray-100 text-gray-500"
+          className="p-1 rounded hover:bg-gray-100 text-gray-500 dark:hover:bg-gray-800 dark:text-gray-400"
           title="切换侧边栏"
         >
           {collapsed ? (
@@ -75,8 +96,8 @@ export default function Sidebar({ collapsed, onToggle }: SidebarProps) {
             onClick={() => navigate('/')}
             className={`w-full flex items-center gap-3 px-3 py-2.5 rounded-md text-sm transition-colors ${
               location.pathname === '/'
-                ? 'bg-black text-white'
-                : 'text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100'
+                ? 'bg-black text-white dark:bg-white dark:text-black'
+                : 'text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:text-gray-300 dark:hover:bg-gray-800'
             }`}
           >
             <LayoutDashboard className="w-4 h-4" />
@@ -88,8 +109,8 @@ export default function Sidebar({ collapsed, onToggle }: SidebarProps) {
           onClick={() => navigate('/containers')}
           className={`w-full flex items-center gap-3 px-3 py-2.5 rounded-md text-sm transition-colors ${
             isContainerPage
-              ? 'bg-black text-white'
-              : 'text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100'
+              ? 'bg-black text-white dark:bg-white dark:text-black'
+              : 'text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:text-gray-300 dark:hover:bg-gray-800'
           }`}
         >
           <Server className="w-4 h-4" />
@@ -101,8 +122,8 @@ export default function Sidebar({ collapsed, onToggle }: SidebarProps) {
             onClick={() => navigate('/images')}
             className={`w-full flex items-center gap-3 px-3 py-2.5 rounded-md text-sm transition-colors ${
               isImagesPage
-                ? 'bg-black text-white'
-                : 'text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100'
+                ? 'bg-black text-white dark:bg-white dark:text-black'
+                : 'text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:text-gray-300 dark:hover:bg-gray-800'
             }`}
           >
             <Package className="w-4 h-4" />
@@ -116,8 +137,8 @@ export default function Sidebar({ collapsed, onToggle }: SidebarProps) {
               onClick={() => navigate('/oversell')}
               className={`w-full flex items-center gap-3 px-3 py-2.5 rounded-md text-sm transition-colors ${
                 isOversellPage
-                  ? 'bg-black text-white'
-                  : 'text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100'
+                  ? 'bg-black text-white dark:bg-white dark:text-black'
+                  : 'text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:text-gray-300 dark:hover:bg-gray-800'
               }`}
             >
               <Settings2 className="w-4 h-4" />
@@ -128,20 +149,44 @@ export default function Sidebar({ collapsed, onToggle }: SidebarProps) {
               onClick={() => navigate('/security')}
               className={`w-full flex items-center gap-3 px-3 py-2.5 rounded-md text-sm transition-colors ${
                 isSecurityPage
-                  ? 'bg-black text-white'
-                  : 'text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100'
+                  ? 'bg-black text-white dark:bg-white dark:text-black'
+                  : 'text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:text-gray-300 dark:hover:bg-gray-800'
               }`}
             >
               <ShieldAlert className="w-4 h-4" />
               {!collapsed && <span>安全告警</span>}
             </button>
 
+            <button
+              onClick={() => navigate('/snapshots')}
+              className={`w-full flex items-center gap-3 px-3 py-2.5 rounded-md text-sm transition-colors ${
+                isSnapshotsPage
+                  ? 'bg-black text-white dark:bg-white dark:text-black'
+                  : 'text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:text-gray-300 dark:hover:bg-gray-800'
+              }`}
+            >
+              <Camera className="w-4 h-4" />
+              {!collapsed && <span>快照管理</span>}
+            </button>
+
+            <button
+              onClick={() => navigate('/routing')}
+              className={`w-full flex items-center gap-3 px-3 py-2.5 rounded-md text-sm transition-colors ${
+                isRoutingPage
+                  ? 'bg-black text-white dark:bg-white dark:text-black'
+                  : 'text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:text-gray-300 dark:hover:bg-gray-800'
+              }`}
+            >
+              <Route className="w-4 h-4" />
+              {!collapsed && <span>路由管理</span>}
+            </button>
+
             <button
               onClick={() => navigate('/audit-logs')}
               className={`w-full flex items-center gap-3 px-3 py-2.5 rounded-md text-sm transition-colors ${
                 isAuditLogsPage
-                  ? 'bg-black text-white'
-                  : 'text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100'
+                  ? 'bg-black text-white dark:bg-white dark:text-black'
+                  : 'text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:text-gray-300 dark:hover:bg-gray-800'
               }`}
             >
               <ScrollText className="w-4 h-4" />
@@ -152,8 +197,8 @@ export default function Sidebar({ collapsed, onToggle }: SidebarProps) {
               onClick={() => navigate('/api-integration')}
               className={`w-full flex items-center gap-3 px-3 py-2.5 rounded-md text-sm transition-colors ${
                 isApiIntegrationPage
-                  ? 'bg-black text-white'
-                  : 'text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100'
+                  ? 'bg-black text-white dark:bg-white dark:text-black'
+                  : 'text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:text-gray-300 dark:hover:bg-gray-800'
               }`}
             >
               <Code2 className="w-4 h-4" />
@@ -164,8 +209,8 @@ export default function Sidebar({ collapsed, onToggle }: SidebarProps) {
               onClick={() => navigate('/settings')}
               className={`w-full flex items-center gap-3 px-3 py-2.5 rounded-md text-sm transition-colors ${
                 isSettingsPage
-                  ? 'bg-black text-white'
-                  : 'text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100'
+                  ? 'bg-black text-white dark:bg-white dark:text-black'
+                  : 'text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:text-gray-300 dark:hover:bg-gray-800'
               }`}
             >
               <UserCog className="w-4 h-4" />
@@ -175,10 +220,36 @@ export default function Sidebar({ collapsed, onToggle }: SidebarProps) {
         )}
       </nav>
 
-      <div className="border-t border-gray-200 p-2">
+      <div className="border-t border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700 p-2 space-y-1">
+        {/* Theme Toggle */}
+        <button
+          onClick={toggleTheme}
+          className="w-full flex items-center gap-3 px-3 py-2.5 rounded-md text-sm text-gray-600 hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-800"
+          title={theme === 'dark' ? '切换亮色模式' : '切换暗黑模式'}
+        >
+          {theme === 'dark' ? (
+            <Sun className="w-4 h-4" />
+          ) : (
+            <Moon className="w-4 h-4" />
+          )}
+          {!collapsed && <span>{theme === 'dark' ? '亮色模式' : '暗黑模式'}</span>}
+        </button>
+
+        {/* Version */}
+        {version && (
+          <div className={`px-3 py-2 text-xs text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500 ${collapsed ? 'text-center' : ''}`}>
+            {collapsed ? (
+              <span title={`v${version}`}>v{version.split('.').slice(0, 2).join('.')}</span>
+            ) : (
+              <span>v{version}</span>
+            )}
+          </div>
+        )}
+
+        {/* Logout */}
         <button
           onClick={logout}
-          className="w-full flex items-center gap-3 px-3 py-2.5 rounded-md text-sm text-gray-600 hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors"
+          className="w-full flex items-center gap-3 px-3 py-2.5 rounded-md text-sm text-gray-600 hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-800"
         >
           <LogOut className="w-4 h-4" />
           {!collapsed && <span>退出登录</span>}

frontend/src/components/WebSSHViewer.tsx

@@ -19,11 +19,10 @@ export default function WebSSHViewer({ containerName, onClose }: WebSSHViewerPro
   const [status, setStatus] = useState<'connecting' | 'preparing' | 'connected' | 'disconnected' | 'error'>('connecting')
   const [errorMsg, setErrorMsg] = useState('')
 
-  const buildWebSSHUrl = (ticket: string) => {
+  const buildWebSSHUrl = () => {
     const protocol = window.location.protocol === 'https:' ? 'wss:' : 'ws:'
     const params = new URLSearchParams({
       container: containerName,
-      ticket,
     })
     return `${protocol}//${window.location.host}/api/ssh?${params.toString()}`
   }
@@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ export default function WebSSHViewer({ containerName, onClose }: WebSSHViewerPro
       return
     }
 
-    const ws = new WebSocket(buildWebSSHUrl(ticket))
+    const ws = new WebSocket(buildWebSSHUrl(), [`clicd-ticket.${ticket}`])
     ws.binaryType = 'arraybuffer'
     wsRef.current = ws
 

frontend/src/contexts/AuthContext.tsx

@@ -41,9 +41,7 @@ export function AuthProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
     if (savedToken) {
       const payload = decodeTokenPayload(savedToken)
       const nextUsername = payload?.username || payload?.sub_user || savedUsername || null
-      const nextContainerIdentifiers = Array.isArray(payload?.container_uuids) && payload.container_uuids.length > 0
-        ? payload.container_uuids
-        : Array.isArray(payload?.container_names) ? payload.container_names : []
+      const nextContainerIdentifiers = Array.isArray(payload?.container_uuids) ? payload.container_uuids : []
 
       setToken(savedToken)
       setUsername(nextUsername)
@@ -123,7 +121,6 @@ export function useAuth() {
 type TokenPayload = {
   username?: string
   sub_user?: string
-  container_names?: string[]
   container_uuids?: string[]
 }
 

frontend/src/contexts/ThemeContext.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import { createContext, useContext, useEffect, useState, useCallback } from 'react'
+
+type Theme = 'light' | 'dark'
+
+interface ThemeContextType {
+  theme: Theme
+  toggleTheme: () => void
+}
+
+const ThemeContext = createContext<ThemeContextType>({ theme: 'light', toggleTheme: () => {} })
+
+export function ThemeProvider({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
+  const [theme, setTheme] = useState<Theme>(() => {
+    if (typeof window === 'undefined') return 'light'
+    const stored = localStorage.getItem('clicd_theme') as Theme | null
+    if (stored === 'dark' || stored === 'light') return stored
+    return window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches ? 'dark' : 'light'
+  })
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const root = document.documentElement
+    if (theme === 'dark') {
+      root.classList.add('dark')
+    } else {
+      root.classList.remove('dark')
+    }
+    localStorage.setItem('clicd_theme', theme)
+  }, [theme])
+
+  const toggleTheme = useCallback(() => {
+    setTheme(prev => (prev === 'dark' ? 'light' : 'dark'))
+  }, [])
+
+  return (
+    <ThemeContext.Provider value={{ theme, toggleTheme }}>
+      {children}
+    </ThemeContext.Provider>
+  )
+}
+
+export function useTheme() {
+  return useContext(ThemeContext)
+}

frontend/src/index.css

@@ -14,19 +14,147 @@ body {
   color: #000000;
 }
 
+/* Scrollbar */
 ::-webkit-scrollbar {
   width: 6px;
 }
-
 ::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
   background: #f1f1f1;
 }
-
 ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
   background: #888;
   border-radius: 3px;
 }
-
 ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {
   background: #555;
 }
+
+/* ============ DARK MODE OVERRIDES ============ */
+
+.dark ::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
+  background: #1f2937;
+}
+.dark ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
+  background: #4b5563;
+}
+.dark ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {
+  background: #6b7280;
+}
+
+.dark body {
+  background-color: #030712;
+  color: #f9fafb;
+}
+
+/* Background overrides */
+.dark .bg-white { background-color: #111827 !important; }
+.dark .bg-gray-50 { background-color: #030712 !important; }
+.dark .bg-gray-100 { background-color: #1f2937 !important; }
+.dark .bg-gray-200 { background-color: #374151 !important; }
+
+/* Text overrides */
+.dark .text-black { color: #f9fafb !important; }
+.dark .text-gray-950 { color: #f9fafb !important; }
+.dark .text-gray-900 { color: #f3f4f6 !important; }
+.dark .text-gray-800 { color: #e5e7eb !important; }
+.dark .text-gray-700 { color: #d1d5db !important; }
+.dark .text-gray-600 { color: #9ca3af !important; }
+.dark .text-gray-500 { color: #9ca3af !important; }
+.dark .text-gray-400 { color: #6b7280 !important; }
+
+/* Border overrides */
+.dark .border-gray-100 { border-color: #1f2937 !important; }
+.dark .border-gray-200 { border-color: #374151 !important; }
+.dark .border-gray-300 { border-color: #4b5563 !important; }
+
+/* Divider overrides */
+.dark .divide-gray-50 > :not([hidden]) ~ :not([hidden]) { border-color: #1f2937 !important; }
+.dark .divide-gray-100 > :not([hidden]) ~ :not([hidden]) { border-color: #1f2937 !important; }
+
+/* Hover background overrides */
+.dark .hover\:bg-gray-50:hover { background-color: #1f2937 !important; }
+.dark .hover\:bg-gray-100:hover { background-color: #1f2937 !important; }
+.dark .hover\:bg-gray-200:hover { background-color: #374151 !important; }
+
+/* Hover text overrides */
+.dark .hover\:text-black:hover { color: #f9fafb !important; }
+.dark .hover\:text-gray-900:hover { color: #f3f4f6 !important; }
+
+/* Shadow */
+.dark .shadow-sm { box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.3) !important; }
+.dark .shadow-md { box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.4) !important; }
+
+/* bg-black buttons in dark mode -> light */
+.dark .bg-black { background-color: #f9fafb !important; }
+.dark .bg-black + span,
+.dark button.bg-black { color: #111827 !important; }
+.dark button.bg-black span { color: #111827 !important; }
+
+/* Fix for CTA buttons (bg-black text-white) */
+.dark button.bg-black,
+.dark a.bg-black {
+  background-color: #f9fafb !important;
+  color: #111827 !important;
+}
+
+/* Fix nested text-white inside bg-black in dark mode */
+.dark .bg-black .text-white,
+.dark .bg-black.text-white {
+  color: #111827 !important;
+}
+
+/* Invert sidebar active state */
+.dark button.bg-black.text-white,
+.dark button.bg-black > span {
+  color: #111827 !important;
+}
+.dark button.bg-black svg {
+  color: #111827 !important;
+}
+
+/* Hover: bg-gray-800 in dark mode */
+.dark .hover\:bg-gray-800:hover { background-color: #e5e7eb !important; color: #111827 !important; }
+
+/* Status badge backgrounds */
+.dark .bg-green-50 { background-color: #064e3b !important; }
+.dark .bg-red-50 { background-color: #450a0a !important; }
+.dark .bg-amber-50 { background-color: #451a03 !important; }
+.dark .bg-emerald-50 { background-color: #064e3b !important; }
+.dark .bg-amber-100 { background-color: #78350f !important; }
+
+/* Status badge text */
+.dark .text-green-700 { color: #6ee7b7 !important; }
+.dark .text-red-600 { color: #fca5a5 !important; }
+.dark .text-red-700 { color: #fca5a5 !important; }
+.dark .text-amber-600 { color: #fcd34d !important; }
+.dark .text-amber-700 { color: #fcd34d !important; }
+.dark .text-emerald-700 { color: #6ee7b7 !important; }
+
+/* Focus ring */
+.dark .focus\:ring-black:focus { --tw-ring-color: #f9fafb !important; }
+.dark .focus\:border-black:focus { border-color: #f9fafb !important; }
+
+/* Accent */
+.dark .accent-black { accent-color: #f9fafb !important; }
+
+/* Spinner */
+.dark .border-black { border-color: #f9fafb !important; }
+.dark .border-b-black { border-bottom-color: #f9fafb !important; }
+.dark .border-t-black { border-top-color: #f9fafb !important; }
+.dark .animate-spin.rounded-full { border-color: #f9fafb !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; }
+
+/* Placeholder */
+.dark .placeholder-gray-400::placeholder { color: #6b7280 !important; }
+
+/* Success/Error text standalone */
+.dark .text-green-600 { color: #6ee7b7 !important; }
+
+/* Modal backdrop */
+.dark .bg-black\/50 { background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.7) !important; }
+
+/* Toggle / switch */
+.dark .bg-gray-300 { background-color: #4b5563 !important; }
+.dark .peer-checked\:bg-black:checked ~ * { background-color: #f9fafb !important; }
+.dark .peer-checked\:bg-black:checked + *,
+.dark input.peer:checked + .peer-checked\:bg-black { background-color: #f9fafb !important; }
+

frontend/src/main.tsx

@@ -3,17 +3,20 @@ import ReactDOM from 'react-dom/client'
 import { BrowserRouter } from 'react-router-dom'
 import App from './App'
 import { AuthProvider } from './contexts/AuthContext'
+import { ThemeProvider } from './contexts/ThemeContext'
 import { DialogProvider } from './components/Dialog'
 import './index.css'
 
 ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById('root')!).render(
   <React.StrictMode>
     <BrowserRouter>
-      <AuthProvider>
-        <DialogProvider>
-          <App />
-        </DialogProvider>
-      </AuthProvider>
+      <ThemeProvider>
+        <AuthProvider>
+          <DialogProvider>
+            <App />
+          </DialogProvider>
+        </AuthProvider>
+      </ThemeProvider>
     </BrowserRouter>
   </React.StrictMode>,
 )

frontend/src/pages/ContainerDetail.tsx

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import { useState, useEffect, useCallback, type ReactNode } from 'react'
 import { useParams, useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom'
 import {
   ArrowLeft,
+  Camera,
+  Clock,
   Copy,
   Cpu,
   HardDrive,
@@ -29,9 +31,12 @@ import {
   Container,
   ContainerUsage,
   createSubUser,
+  createContainerSnapshot,
   deleteContainer,
+  deleteContainerSnapshot,
   deletePortMapping,
   getContainer,
+  getContainerSnapshots,
   getContainerUsage,
   getHostInfo,
   getTrafficInfo,
@@ -44,8 +49,13 @@ import {
   restartContainer,
   startContainer,
   stopContainer,
+  Snapshot,
+  SnapshotSchedule,
   Template,
   updateContainerExpiry,
+  updateSnapshotQuota,
+  updateSnapshotSchedule,
+  restoreContainerSnapshot,
   resetTraffic,
   updateTrafficLimit,
   updateResourceLimit,
@@ -125,6 +135,15 @@ export default function ContainerDetail() {
   const [resourceEdit, setResourceEdit] = useState({ vcpu: 1, ramMb: 512, ioMbps: 500, bwMbps: 100 })
   const [savingResource, setSavingResource] = useState(false)
   const [showPassword, setShowPassword] = useState(false)
+  const [showSnapshots, setShowSnapshots] = useState(false)
+  const [snapshots, setSnapshots] = useState<Snapshot[]>([])
+  const [snapshotQuota, setSnapshotQuota] = useState(3)
+  const [snapshotQuotaDraft, setSnapshotQuotaDraft] = useState(3)
+  const [editingSnapshotQuota, setEditingSnapshotQuota] = useState(false)
+  const [snapshotSchedule, setSnapshotSchedule] = useState<SnapshotSchedule | null>(null)
+  const [snapshotBusy, setSnapshotBusy] = useState('')
+  const [showSnapshotSchedule, setShowSnapshotSchedule] = useState(false)
+  const [snapshotScheduleDraft, setSnapshotScheduleDraft] = useState({ intervalHours: 24, time: '03:00' })
 
   const fetchContainer = useCallback(async () => {
     if (!containerIdentifier) return
@@ -142,6 +161,21 @@ export default function ContainerDetail() {
     }
   }, [containerIdentifier, isSubUser])
 
+  const fetchSnapshots = useCallback(async () => {
+    if (!containerIdentifier) return
+    try {
+      const res = await getContainerSnapshots(containerIdentifier)
+      const data = res.data.data
+      const quota = data?.quota || container?.snapshot_limit || 3
+      setSnapshots(data?.snapshots || [])
+      setSnapshotQuota(quota)
+      setSnapshotQuotaDraft(quota)
+      setSnapshotSchedule(data?.schedule || null)
+    } catch (err) {
+      console.error('Failed to fetch snapshots:', err)
+    }
+  }, [containerIdentifier, container?.snapshot_limit])
+
   const appendUsagePoint = useCallback((nextUsage: ContainerUsage, currentContainer: Container | null) => {
     if (!containerIdentifier || !currentContainer) return
 
@@ -198,6 +232,10 @@ export default function ContainerDetail() {
     return () => window.clearInterval(timer)
   }, [fetchUsage])
 
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (showSnapshots) fetchSnapshots()
+  }, [showSnapshots, fetchSnapshots])
+
   // Poll task status for this container
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!containerIdentifier) return
@@ -478,6 +516,108 @@ export default function ContainerDetail() {
     }
   }
 
+  const handleCreateSnapshot = async () => {
+    if (!containerIdentifier) return
+    if (isSubUser && snapshots.length >= snapshotQuota) {
+      await dialog.alert('快照配额已满', '已达到管理员设置的快照配额，请先删除旧快照。')
+      return
+    }
+    if (container?.status === 'running') {
+      const confirmed = await dialog.confirm(
+        '拍摄快照',
+        `拍摄快照需要先关机，完成后会自动重启容器 ${container.name}。是否继续？`
+      )
+      if (!confirmed) return
+    }
+    setSnapshotBusy('create')
+    try {
+      await createContainerSnapshot(containerIdentifier)
+      await Promise.all([fetchSnapshots(), fetchContainer()])
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      const error = err as { response?: { data?: { message?: string } } }
+      await dialog.alert('创建快照失败', error.response?.data?.message || '请稍后重试。')
+    } finally {
+      setSnapshotBusy('')
+    }
+  }
+
+  const openSnapshotSchedule = () => {
+    setSnapshotScheduleDraft({
+      intervalHours: Math.max(snapshotSchedule?.interval_hours || 24, 24),
+      time: snapshotSchedule?.time || '03:00',
+    })
+    setShowSnapshotSchedule(true)
+  }
+
+  const saveSnapshotSchedule = async (enabled: boolean) => {
+    if (!containerIdentifier) return
+    const intervalHours = snapshotScheduleDraft.intervalHours
+    const scheduleTime = snapshotScheduleDraft.time || '03:00'
+    if (enabled && intervalHours < 24) {
+      await dialog.alert('参数错误', '自动快照周期最低是 1 天一次。')
+      return
+    }
+    setSnapshotBusy('schedule')
+    try {
+      await updateSnapshotSchedule(containerIdentifier, enabled, intervalHours, scheduleTime)
+      await Promise.all([fetchSnapshots(), fetchContainer()])
+      setShowSnapshotSchedule(false)
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      const error = err as { response?: { data?: { message?: string } } }
+      await dialog.alert('定时快照失败', error.response?.data?.message || '请稍后重试。')
+    } finally {
+      setSnapshotBusy('')
+    }
+  }
+
+  const saveSnapshotQuota = async () => {
+    if (!containerIdentifier || isSubUser) return
+    const nextQuota = Math.max(1, Math.round(snapshotQuotaDraft || 1))
+    setSnapshotBusy('quota')
+    try {
+      await updateSnapshotQuota(containerIdentifier, nextQuota)
+      setSnapshotQuota(nextQuota)
+      setSnapshotQuotaDraft(nextQuota)
+      setEditingSnapshotQuota(false)
+      await Promise.all([fetchSnapshots(), fetchContainer()])
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      const error = err as { response?: { data?: { message?: string } } }
+      await dialog.alert('保存快照配额失败', error.response?.data?.message || '请稍后重试。')
+    } finally {
+      setSnapshotBusy('')
+    }
+  }
+
+  const handleDeleteSnapshot = async (snapshot: Snapshot) => {
+    if (!containerIdentifier) return
+    if (!(await dialog.confirm('删除快照', `确定删除 ${snapshot.created_at} 的快照吗？`))) return
+    setSnapshotBusy(snapshot.id)
+    try {
+      await deleteContainerSnapshot(containerIdentifier, snapshot.id)
+      await fetchSnapshots()
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      const error = err as { response?: { data?: { message?: string } } }
+      await dialog.alert('删除快照失败', error.response?.data?.message || '请稍后重试。')
+    } finally {
+      setSnapshotBusy('')
+    }
+  }
+
+  const handleRestoreSnapshot = async (snapshot: Snapshot) => {
+    if (!containerIdentifier) return
+    if (!(await dialog.confirm('恢复快照', `确定恢复到 ${snapshot.created_at} 的快照吗？当前容器数据会被覆盖。`))) return
+    setSnapshotBusy(snapshot.id)
+    try {
+      await restoreContainerSnapshot(containerIdentifier, snapshot.id)
+      await Promise.all([fetchSnapshots(), fetchContainer()])
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      const error = err as { response?: { data?: { message?: string } } }
+      await dialog.alert('恢复快照失败', error.response?.data?.message || '请稍后重试。')
+    } finally {
+      setSnapshotBusy('')
+    }
+  }
+
   const copyText = async (text: string) => {
     try {
       await copyText(text)
@@ -641,6 +781,10 @@ export default function ContainerDetail() {
                 NAT 管理
               </ActionButton>
             </>
+            <ActionButton onClick={() => setShowSnapshots(true)} disabled={!!taskStatus || !!snapshotBusy}>
+              <Camera className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
+              快照
+            </ActionButton>
             {!isSubUser && (
               <ActionButton onClick={openReinstall} disabled={!!taskStatus || isExpired}>
                 <RefreshCw className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
@@ -846,6 +990,171 @@ export default function ContainerDetail() {
         </Modal>
       )}
 
+      {showSnapshots && (
+        <Modal
+          title="快照"
+          onClose={() => {
+            setShowSnapshots(false)
+            setEditingSnapshotQuota(false)
+          }}
+          wide
+          extra={
+            <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+              <button
+                onClick={openSnapshotSchedule}
+                disabled={!!snapshotBusy}
+                className={`inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md px-3 py-1.5 text-xs ${
+                  snapshotSchedule?.enabled
+                    ? 'border border-blue-200 bg-blue-50 text-blue-700 hover:bg-blue-100'
+                    : 'border border-gray-300 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-50'
+                } disabled:opacity-50`}
+              >
+                <Clock className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
+                {snapshotBusy === 'schedule' ? '处理中...' : snapshotSchedule?.enabled ? '定时设置' : '定时快照'}
+              </button>
+              <button
+                onClick={handleCreateSnapshot}
+                disabled={!!snapshotBusy || (isSubUser && snapshots.length >= snapshotQuota)}
+                className="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md bg-black px-3 py-1.5 text-xs text-white hover:bg-gray-800 disabled:opacity-50"
+              >
+                <Camera className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
+                {snapshotBusy === 'create' ? '创建中...' : '新建快照'}
+              </button>
+            </div>
+          }
+        >
+          <div className="space-y-4">
+            <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-3 rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-4 py-3 text-xs text-gray-600">
+              <div>
+                快照数量：
+                <span className="font-mono text-gray-900">
+                  {snapshots.length}
+                </span>
+              </div>
+              <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                <span>子用户配额：</span>
+                <span className="font-mono text-gray-900">{snapshotQuota}</span>
+                {!isSubUser && (
+                  <button
+                    onClick={() => {
+                      setSnapshotQuotaDraft(snapshotQuota)
+                      setEditingSnapshotQuota((value) => !value)
+                    }}
+                    className="inline-flex items-center gap-1 rounded border border-gray-300 bg-white px-2 py-1 text-[11px] text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-50"
+                    disabled={snapshotBusy === 'quota'}
+                  >
+                    <Pencil className="w-3 h-3" />
+                    修改
+                  </button>
+                )}
+              </div>
+              <div>
+                定时状态：
+                <span className="text-gray-900">
+                  {snapshotSchedule?.enabled ? `已开启，每 ${formatScheduleInterval(snapshotSchedule.interval_hours || 24)}，${snapshotSchedule.time || '03:00'} 执行` : '未开启'}
+                </span>
+              </div>
+              {snapshotSchedule?.next_run && (
+                <div>下次执行：<span className="font-mono text-gray-900">{formatDateTime(snapshotSchedule.next_run)}</span></div>
+              )}
+            </div>
+
+            {editingSnapshotQuota && !isSubUser && (
+              <div className="flex flex-wrap items-end gap-3 rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-white px-4 py-3">
+                <Field label="子用户每台容器快照上限">
+                  <input
+                    type="number"
+                    min={1}
+                    max={999}
+                    value={snapshotQuotaDraft}
+                    onChange={(event) => setSnapshotQuotaDraft(Math.max(1, Math.round(Number(event.target.value) || 1)))}
+                    className="w-44 px-3 py-2 border border-gray-300 rounded-md text-sm text-black bg-white focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-black focus:border-black"
+                  />
+                </Field>
+                <div className="flex gap-2 pb-0.5">
+                  <button
+                    onClick={() => {
+                      setEditingSnapshotQuota(false)
+                      setSnapshotQuotaDraft(snapshotQuota)
+                    }}
+                    className="px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 rounded-md"
+                    disabled={snapshotBusy === 'quota'}
+                  >
+                    取消
+                  </button>
+                  <button
+                    onClick={saveSnapshotQuota}
+                    disabled={snapshotBusy === 'quota'}
+                    className="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-2 text-sm bg-black text-white rounded-md hover:bg-gray-800 disabled:opacity-50"
+                  >
+                    <Save className="w-4 h-4" />
+                    {snapshotBusy === 'quota' ? '保存中...' : '保存'}
+                  </button>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            )}
+
+            <SnapshotTable
+              snapshots={snapshots}
+              busy={snapshotBusy}
+              onRestore={handleRestoreSnapshot}
+              onDelete={handleDeleteSnapshot}
+            />
+          </div>
+        </Modal>
+      )}
+
+      {showSnapshotSchedule && (
+        <Modal title="定时快照" onClose={() => setShowSnapshotSchedule(false)}>
+          <div className="space-y-4">
+            <Field label="自动快照周期">
+              <select
+                value={snapshotScheduleDraft.intervalHours}
+                onChange={(e) => setSnapshotScheduleDraft({ ...snapshotScheduleDraft, intervalHours: Number(e.target.value) })}
+                className={inputClass}
+              >
+                <option value={24}>1 天</option>
+                <option value={72}>3 天</option>
+                <option value={168}>7 天</option>
+                <option value={336}>14 天</option>
+              </select>
+            </Field>
+            <Field label="执行时间">
+              <input
+                type="time"
+                value={snapshotScheduleDraft.time}
+                onChange={(e) => setSnapshotScheduleDraft({ ...snapshotScheduleDraft, time: e.target.value || '03:00' })}
+                className={inputClass}
+              />
+            </Field>
+            <div className="rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3 py-2 text-xs text-gray-500">
+              {`每 ${formatScheduleInterval(snapshotScheduleDraft.intervalHours)} 在 ${snapshotScheduleDraft.time || '03:00'} 执行。`}
+            </div>
+            <div className="flex justify-between gap-3 pt-2">
+              {snapshotSchedule?.enabled ? (
+                <button
+                  onClick={() => saveSnapshotSchedule(false)}
+                  disabled={snapshotBusy === 'schedule'}
+                  className="px-4 py-2 text-sm text-red-600 border border-red-200 rounded-md hover:bg-red-50 disabled:opacity-50"
+                >
+                  关闭定时
+                </button>
+              ) : <div />}
+              <div className="flex gap-2">
+                <button onClick={() => setShowSnapshotSchedule(false)} className="px-4 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 rounded-md">取消</button>
+                <button
+                  onClick={() => saveSnapshotSchedule(true)}
+                  disabled={snapshotBusy === 'schedule'}
+                  className="px-4 py-2 text-sm bg-black text-white rounded-md hover:bg-gray-800 disabled:opacity-50"
+                >
+                  {snapshotBusy === 'schedule' ? '保存中...' : '保存'}
+                </button>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </Modal>
+      )}
+
       {showNat && (
         <Modal title="NAT 端口管理" onClose={() => { setShowNat(false); setDraft(emptyDraft); setShowNatAdd(false) }} wide extra={
           !isSubUser && canAddMapping && !showNatAdd && (
@@ -1229,6 +1538,65 @@ function PlainRow({ label, value, mono = false, copyValue, onCopy, children }: {
   )
 }
 
+function SnapshotTable({ snapshots, busy, onRestore, onDelete }: {
+  snapshots: Snapshot[]
+  busy: string
+  onRestore: (snapshot: Snapshot) => void
+  onDelete: (snapshot: Snapshot) => void
+}) {
+  if (snapshots.length === 0) {
+    return <p className="rounded-lg border border-dashed border-gray-200 px-4 py-8 text-center text-sm text-gray-400">暂无快照</p>
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="overflow-x-auto rounded-lg border border-gray-200">
+      <table className="w-full min-w-[760px] text-sm">
+        <thead className="border-b border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 text-xs text-gray-500">
+          <tr>
+            <TableHead>快照时间</TableHead>
+            <TableHead>类型</TableHead>
+            <TableHead>创建者</TableHead>
+            <TableHead>大小</TableHead>
+            <th className="px-3 py-2 text-right text-xs font-medium text-gray-500">操作</th>
+          </tr>
+        </thead>
+        <tbody className="divide-y divide-gray-100">
+          {snapshots.map((snapshot) => (
+            <tr key={snapshot.id}>
+              <td className="px-3 py-2 font-mono text-xs text-gray-800">{snapshot.created_at}</td>
+              <td className="px-3 py-2">
+                <span className={`rounded px-2 py-1 text-xs ${snapshot.scheduled ? 'bg-blue-50 text-blue-700' : 'bg-gray-100 text-gray-700'}`}>
+                  {snapshot.scheduled ? '定时' : '手动'}
+                </span>
+              </td>
+              <td className="px-3 py-2 text-xs text-gray-600">{snapshot.created_by || '-'}</td>
+              <td className="px-3 py-2 font-mono text-xs text-gray-600">{formatBytes(snapshot.size_bytes || 0)}</td>
+              <td className="px-3 py-2">
+                <div className="flex justify-end gap-1.5">
+                  <button
+                    onClick={() => onRestore(snapshot)}
+                    disabled={!!busy}
+                    className="rounded border border-gray-300 px-2.5 py-1 text-xs text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-50 disabled:opacity-50"
+                  >
+                    {busy === snapshot.id ? '处理中...' : '恢复'}
+                  </button>
+                  <button
+                    onClick={() => onDelete(snapshot)}
+                    disabled={!!busy}
+                    className="rounded border border-red-200 px-2.5 py-1 text-xs text-red-600 hover:bg-red-50 disabled:opacity-50"
+                  >
+                    删除
+                  </button>
+                </div>
+              </td>
+            </tr>
+          ))}
+        </tbody>
+      </table>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
 function MappingTable({ mappings, publicHost, onEdit, onDelete, compact = false, isSubUser = false }: { mappings: PortMapping[]; publicHost: string; onEdit: (pm: PortMapping, index: number) => void; onDelete: (index: number) => void; compact?: boolean; isSubUser?: boolean }) {
   if (mappings.length === 0) {
     return <p className="text-sm text-gray-400">暂无端口映射</p>
@@ -1389,6 +1757,19 @@ function formatExpiration(value?: string): string {
   return value.length >= 10 ? value.slice(0, 10) : value
 }
 
+function formatDateTime(value?: string): string {
+  if (!value) return '-'
+  const parsed = new Date(value)
+  if (Number.isNaN(parsed.getTime())) return value
+  return parsed.toLocaleString()
+}
+
+function formatScheduleInterval(hours: number): string {
+  if (hours === 24) return '1 天'
+  if (hours % 24 === 0) return `${hours / 24} 天`
+  return `${hours} 小时`
+}
+
 function formatRate(bytesPerSecond: number): string {
   if (bytesPerSecond < 1024) return `${bytesPerSecond.toFixed(0)} B/s`
   if (bytesPerSecond < 1024 * 1024) return `${(bytesPerSecond / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB/s`

frontend/src/pages/Containers.tsx

@@ -538,8 +538,15 @@ function toPlaceholder(cfg: CreateContainerRequest): DisplayContainer {
     ssh_password: '',
     port_mappings: [],
     port_mapping_limit: 2,
+    snapshot_limit: cfg.snapshot_limit || 3,
     created_at: '',
     expires_at: cfg.expires_at,
+    snapshot_schedule_enabled: false,
+    snapshot_schedule_interval_hours: 24,
+    snapshot_schedule_time: '03:00',
+    snapshot_schedule_last_run: '',
+    snapshot_schedule_next_run: '',
+    snapshot_schedule_created_by: '',
     isPlaceholder: true,
   }
 }

frontend/src/pages/Routing.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from 'react'
+import { Network, RefreshCw, Route, Server } from 'lucide-react'
+import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom'
+import { getRoutingInfo, RoutingInfo } from '../services/api'
+
+export default function Routing() {
+  const navigate = useNavigate()
+  const [routing, setRouting] = useState<RoutingInfo | null>(null)
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true)
+  const [refreshing, setRefreshing] = useState(false)
+  const [nat4Page, setNat4Page] = useState(1)
+  const [ipv6Page, setIPv6Page] = useState(1)
+
+  const fetchData = useCallback(async () => {
+    try {
+      const res = await getRoutingInfo()
+      setRouting(res.data.data || null)
+    } catch (err) {
+      console.error(err)
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false)
+      setRefreshing(false)
+    }
+  }, [])
+
+  useEffect(() => { fetchData() }, [fetchData])
+
+  if (loading) {
+    return (
+      <div className="flex items-center justify-center py-20">
+        <div className="h-8 w-8 animate-spin rounded-full border-b-2 border-black" />
+      </div>
+    )
+  }
+
+  const nat4Mappings = routing?.nat4_mappings || []
+  const ipv6Assignments = routing?.ipv6_assignments || []
+  const ipv6Prefix = routing?.ipv6_prefixes?.[0]?.prefix || '-'
+  const pageSize = 10
+  const nat4TotalPages = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(nat4Mappings.length / pageSize))
+  const ipv6TotalPages = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(ipv6Assignments.length / pageSize))
+  const currentNat4Page = Math.min(nat4Page, nat4TotalPages)
+  const currentIPv6Page = Math.min(ipv6Page, ipv6TotalPages)
+  const pagedNat4Mappings = nat4Mappings.slice((currentNat4Page - 1) * pageSize, currentNat4Page * pageSize)
+  const pagedIPv6Assignments = ipv6Assignments.slice((currentIPv6Page - 1) * pageSize, currentIPv6Page * pageSize)
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-5">
+      <div className="flex items-center justify-between gap-4">
+        <div>
+          <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-black">路由管理</h1>
+          <p className="mt-1 text-sm text-gray-500">宿主机分配给 LXC 的 NAT4 端口和 IPv6 地址</p>
+        </div>
+        <button
+          onClick={() => { setRefreshing(true); fetchData() }}
+          disabled={refreshing}
+          className="inline-flex items-center gap-2 rounded-md border border-gray-300 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-50 disabled:opacity-50"
+        >
+          <RefreshCw className={`h-4 w-4 ${refreshing ? 'animate-spin' : ''}`} />
+          刷新
+        </button>
+      </div>
+
+      <div className="grid gap-4 md:grid-cols-2">
+        <CapacityCard
+          title="NAT4 端口"
+          icon={<Route className="h-5 w-5 text-gray-600" />}
+          remaining={routing?.nat4.remaining || '0'}
+          total={routing?.nat4.total || '0'}
+          used={routing?.nat4.used || 0}
+          label="剩余端口 / 端口总数"
+        />
+        <CapacityCard
+          title="IPv6 地址"
+          icon={<Network className="h-5 w-5 text-gray-600" />}
+          remaining={formatCapacity(routing?.ipv6.remaining || '0')}
+          total={formatCapacity(routing?.ipv6.total || '0')}
+          used={routing?.ipv6.used || 0}
+          label={`剩余地址 / 地址总数 · ${ipv6Prefix}`}
+        />
+      </div>
+
+      <div className="overflow-hidden rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-white">
+        <div className="border-b border-gray-200 px-4 py-3">
+          <div className="text-sm font-medium text-black">NAT4 端口分配</div>
+          <div className="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500">共 {nat4Mappings.length} 条映射</div>
+        </div>
+        {nat4Mappings.length === 0 ? (
+          <EmptyState icon={<Route className="h-7 w-7 text-gray-400" />} text="暂无 NAT4 端口映射" />
+        ) : (
+          <>
+          <div className="overflow-x-auto">
+            <table className="w-full min-w-[900px] text-sm">
+              <thead className="border-b border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 text-xs text-gray-500">
+                <tr>
+                  <th className="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium">容器</th>
+                  <th className="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium">LXC 名称</th>
+                  <th className="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium">容器 IPv4</th>
+                  <th className="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium">宿主机端口</th>
+                  <th className="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium">容器端口</th>
+                  <th className="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium">协议</th>
+                  <th className="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium">说明</th>
+                  <th className="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium">状态</th>
+                </tr>
+              </thead>
+              <tbody className="divide-y divide-gray-100">
+                {pagedNat4Mappings.map((mapping, index) => (
+                  <tr key={`${mapping.container_id}-${mapping.host_port}-${mapping.protocol}-${index}`} className="hover:bg-gray-50">
+                    <td className="px-4 py-3">
+                      <button
+                        onClick={() => navigate(`/container/${mapping.container_id}`)}
+                        className="inline-flex items-center gap-2 text-left font-medium text-black hover:underline"
+                      >
+                        <Server className="h-4 w-4 text-gray-400" />
+                        {mapping.container_name}
+                      </button>
+                    </td>
+                    <td className="px-4 py-3 font-mono text-xs text-gray-600">{mapping.lxc_name}</td>
+                    <td className="px-4 py-3 font-mono text-xs text-gray-600">{mapping.ip || '-'}</td>
+                    <td className="px-4 py-3 font-mono text-xs text-gray-700">{mapping.host_port}</td>
+                    <td className="px-4 py-3 font-mono text-xs text-gray-700">{mapping.container_port}</td>
+                    <td className="px-4 py-3 uppercase text-gray-600">{mapping.protocol || '-'}</td>
+                    <td className="px-4 py-3 text-gray-600">{mapping.description || '-'}</td>
+                    <td className="px-4 py-3"><StatusBadge status={mapping.status} /></td>
+                  </tr>
+                ))}
+              </tbody>
+            </table>
+          </div>
+          <Pagination
+            page={currentNat4Page}
+            totalPages={nat4TotalPages}
+            totalItems={nat4Mappings.length}
+            pageSize={pageSize}
+            onPageChange={setNat4Page}
+          />
+          </>
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      <div className="overflow-hidden rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-white">
+        <div className="border-b border-gray-200 px-4 py-3">
+          <div className="text-sm font-medium text-black">IPv6 地址分配</div>
+          <div className="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500">共 {ipv6Assignments.length} 个地址</div>
+        </div>
+        {ipv6Assignments.length === 0 ? (
+          <EmptyState icon={<Network className="h-7 w-7 text-gray-400" />} text="暂无 IPv6 地址分配" />
+        ) : (
+          <>
+          <div className="overflow-x-auto">
+            <table className="w-full min-w-[820px] text-sm">
+              <thead className="border-b border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 text-xs text-gray-500">
+                <tr>
+                  <th className="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium">容器</th>
+                  <th className="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium">LXC 名称</th>
+                  <th className="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium">IPv6 地址</th>
+                  <th className="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium">前缀</th>
+                  <th className="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium">出口网卡</th>
+                  <th className="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium">状态</th>
+                </tr>
+              </thead>
+              <tbody className="divide-y divide-gray-100">
+                {pagedIPv6Assignments.map((item) => (
+                  <tr key={`${item.container_id}-${item.address}`} className="hover:bg-gray-50">
+                    <td className="px-4 py-3">
+                      <button
+                        onClick={() => navigate(`/container/${item.container_id}`)}
+                        className="inline-flex items-center gap-2 text-left font-medium text-black hover:underline"
+                      >
+                        <Server className="h-4 w-4 text-gray-400" />
+                        {item.container_name}
+                      </button>
+                    </td>
+                    <td className="px-4 py-3 font-mono text-xs text-gray-600">{item.lxc_name}</td>
+                    <td className="px-4 py-3 font-mono text-xs text-gray-700">{item.address}</td>
+                    <td className="px-4 py-3 font-mono text-xs text-gray-600">/{item.prefix_len || '-'}</td>
+                    <td className="px-4 py-3 font-mono text-xs text-gray-600">{item.interface || '-'}</td>
+                    <td className="px-4 py-3"><StatusBadge status={item.status} /></td>
+                  </tr>
+                ))}
+              </tbody>
+            </table>
+          </div>
+          <Pagination
+            page={currentIPv6Page}
+            totalPages={ipv6TotalPages}
+            totalItems={ipv6Assignments.length}
+            pageSize={pageSize}
+            onPageChange={setIPv6Page}
+          />
+          </>
+        )}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+function Pagination({ page, totalPages, totalItems, pageSize, onPageChange }: {
+  page: number
+  totalPages: number
+  totalItems: number
+  pageSize: number
+  onPageChange: (page: number) => void
+}) {
+  if (totalPages <= 1) return null
+
+  const start = (page - 1) * pageSize + 1
+  const end = Math.min(page * pageSize, totalItems)
+
+  return (
+    <div className="flex items-center justify-between gap-3 border-t border-gray-200 px-4 py-3 text-sm">
+      <div className="text-xs text-gray-500">
+        显示 {start}-{end}，共 {totalItems} 条
+      </div>
+      <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+        <button
+          onClick={() => onPageChange(Math.max(1, page - 1))}
+          disabled={page <= 1}
+          className="rounded-md border border-gray-300 px-3 py-1.5 text-xs text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-50"
+        >
+          上一页
+        </button>
+        <span className="min-w-16 text-center text-xs text-gray-500">
+          {page} / {totalPages}
+        </span>
+        <button
+          onClick={() => onPageChange(Math.min(totalPages, page + 1))}
+          disabled={page >= totalPages}
+          className="rounded-md border border-gray-300 px-3 py-1.5 text-xs text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-50"
+        >
+          下一页
+        </button>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+function CapacityCard({ title, icon, remaining, total, used, label }: {
+  title: string
+  icon: React.ReactNode
+  remaining: string
+  total: string
+  used: number
+  label: string
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div className="rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-white p-4">
+      <div className="flex items-center justify-between gap-3">
+        <div>
+          <div className="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700">{title}</div>
+          <div className="mt-2 flex items-end gap-2">
+            <span className="text-2xl font-semibold text-black">{remaining}</span>
+            <span className="pb-1 text-sm text-gray-400">/ {total}</span>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div className="flex h-10 w-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md bg-gray-100">
+          {icon}
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div className="mt-3 text-xs text-gray-500">{label}</div>
+      <div className="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-400">已分配 {used}</div>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+function EmptyState({ icon, text }: { icon: React.ReactNode; text: string }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center px-6 py-16 text-center">
+      <div className="mb-4 flex h-14 w-14 items-center justify-center rounded-lg bg-gray-100">
+        {icon}
+      </div>
+      <div className="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700">{text}</div>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+function StatusBadge({ status }: { status: string }) {
+  const running = status === 'running'
+  return (
+    <span className={`rounded px-2 py-1 text-xs ${running ? 'bg-green-50 text-green-700' : 'bg-gray-100 text-gray-700'}`}>
+      {running ? '运行中' : (status || '未知')}
+    </span>
+  )
+}
+
+function formatCapacity(value: string): string {
+  if (value === 'large') return '充足'
+  return value
+}

frontend/src/pages/Snapshots.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from 'react'
+import { Camera, RefreshCw, Server } from 'lucide-react'
+import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom'
+import { getSnapshots, Snapshot } from '../services/api'
+
+export default function Snapshots() {
+  const navigate = useNavigate()
+  const [snapshots, setSnapshots] = useState<Snapshot[]>([])
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true)
+  const [refreshing, setRefreshing] = useState(false)
+
+  const fetchData = useCallback(async () => {
+    try {
+      const res = await getSnapshots()
+      setSnapshots(res.data.data || [])
+    } catch (err) {
+      console.error(err)
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false)
+      setRefreshing(false)
+    }
+  }, [])
+
+  useEffect(() => { fetchData() }, [fetchData])
+
+  if (loading) {
+    return (
+      <div className="flex items-center justify-center py-20">
+        <div className="h-8 w-8 animate-spin rounded-full border-b-2 border-black" />
+      </div>
+    )
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-5">
+      <div className="flex items-center justify-between gap-4">
+        <div>
+          <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-black">快照管理</h1>
+          <p className="mt-1 text-sm text-gray-500">全局快照列表，共 {snapshots.length} 个</p>
+        </div>
+        <button
+          onClick={() => { setRefreshing(true); fetchData() }}
+          disabled={refreshing}
+          className="inline-flex items-center gap-2 rounded-md border border-gray-300 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-50 disabled:opacity-50"
+        >
+          <RefreshCw className={`h-4 w-4 ${refreshing ? 'animate-spin' : ''}`} />
+          刷新
+        </button>
+      </div>
+
+      <div className="overflow-hidden rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-white">
+        {snapshots.length === 0 ? (
+          <div className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center px-6 py-16 text-center">
+            <div className="mb-4 flex h-14 w-14 items-center justify-center rounded-lg bg-gray-100">
+              <Camera className="h-7 w-7 text-gray-400" />
+            </div>
+            <div className="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700">暂无快照</div>
+          </div>
+        ) : (
+          <table className="w-full min-w-[820px] text-sm">
+            <thead className="border-b border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 text-xs text-gray-500">
+              <tr>
+                <th className="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium">容器</th>
+                <th className="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium">LXC 名称</th>
+                <th className="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium">快照时间</th>
+                <th className="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium">类型</th>
+                <th className="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium">创建者</th>
+                <th className="px-4 py-3 text-right font-medium">大小</th>
+              </tr>
+            </thead>
+            <tbody className="divide-y divide-gray-100">
+              {snapshots.map((snapshot) => (
+                <tr key={snapshot.id} className="hover:bg-gray-50">
+                  <td className="px-4 py-3">
+                    <button
+                      onClick={() => navigate(`/container/${snapshot.container_id}`)}
+                      className="inline-flex items-center gap-2 text-left font-medium text-black hover:underline"
+                    >
+                      <Server className="h-4 w-4 text-gray-400" />
+                      {snapshot.container_name}
+                    </button>
+                  </td>
+                  <td className="px-4 py-3 font-mono text-xs text-gray-600">{snapshot.lxc_name}</td>
+                  <td className="px-4 py-3 text-gray-700">{snapshot.created_at}</td>
+                  <td className="px-4 py-3">
+                    <span className={`rounded px-2 py-1 text-xs ${snapshot.scheduled ? 'bg-blue-50 text-blue-700' : 'bg-gray-100 text-gray-700'}`}>
+                      {snapshot.scheduled ? '定时' : '手动'}
+                    </span>
+                  </td>
+                  <td className="px-4 py-3 text-gray-600">{snapshot.created_by || '-'}</td>
+                  <td className="px-4 py-3 text-right font-mono text-xs text-gray-600">{formatBytes(snapshot.size_bytes || 0)}</td>
+                </tr>
+              ))}
+            </tbody>
+          </table>
+        )}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+function formatBytes(bytes: number): string {
+  if (!bytes) return '-'
+  if (bytes < 1024) return `${bytes} B`
+  if (bytes < 1024 * 1024) return `${(bytes / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB`
+  if (bytes < 1024 * 1024 * 1024) return `${(bytes / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(1)} MB`
+  return `${(bytes / 1024 / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(1)} GB`
+}

frontend/src/services/api.ts

@@ -71,8 +71,15 @@ export interface Container {
   ssh_password: string
   port_mappings: PortMapping[]
   port_mapping_limit: number
+  snapshot_limit: number
   created_at: string
   expires_at: string
+  snapshot_schedule_enabled: boolean
+  snapshot_schedule_interval_hours: number
+  snapshot_schedule_time: string
+  snapshot_schedule_last_run: string
+  snapshot_schedule_next_run: string
+  snapshot_schedule_created_by: string
 }
 
 export interface Template {
@@ -100,6 +107,7 @@ export interface CreateContainerRequest {
   io_speed_mbps: number
   extra_ports: number[]
   port_mapping_count: number
+  snapshot_limit: number
   assign_ipv6: boolean
   expires_at: string
 }
@@ -275,6 +283,45 @@ export const getIPv6Status = () =>
 export const assignIPv6 = (id: ContainerIdentifier) =>
   api.post<APIResponse<Container>>(`/containers/${id}/ipv6`)
 
+export interface RouteCapacity {
+  used: number
+  remaining: string
+  total: string
+}
+
+export interface NAT4Route {
+  container_id: number
+  container_name: string
+  lxc_name: string
+  status: string
+  ip: string
+  host_port: number
+  container_port: number
+  protocol: string
+  description: string
+}
+
+export interface IPv6Route {
+  container_id: number
+  container_name: string
+  lxc_name: string
+  status: string
+  address: string
+  prefix_len: number
+  interface: string
+}
+
+export interface RoutingInfo {
+  nat4: RouteCapacity
+  ipv6: RouteCapacity
+  nat4_mappings: NAT4Route[]
+  ipv6_assignments: IPv6Route[]
+  ipv6_prefixes: IPv6PrefixInfo[]
+}
+
+export const getRoutingInfo = () =>
+  api.get<APIResponse<RoutingInfo>>('/routing')
+
 // Templates
 export const getTemplates = () =>
   api.get<APIResponse<Template[]>>('/templates')
@@ -354,6 +401,62 @@ export const getOversellStatus = () =>
 export const reclaimMemory = () =>
   api.post<APIResponse<ReclaimResult>>('/oversell/reclaim')
 
+// Snapshots
+export interface Snapshot {
+  id: string
+  container_id: number
+  container_name: string
+  lxc_name: string
+  created_at: string
+  created_by: string
+  scheduled: boolean
+  path: string
+  size_bytes: number
+}
+
+export interface SnapshotSchedule {
+  enabled: boolean
+  interval_hours: number
+  time: string
+  last_run: string
+  next_run: string
+  created_by: string
+}
+
+export interface ContainerSnapshotsResponse {
+  snapshots: Snapshot[]
+  quota: number
+  schedule: SnapshotSchedule
+}
+
+export const getSnapshots = () =>
+  api.get<APIResponse<Snapshot[]>>('/snapshots')
+
+export const getContainerSnapshots = (id: ContainerIdentifier) =>
+  api.get<APIResponse<ContainerSnapshotsResponse>>(`/containers/${id}/snapshots`)
+
+export const createContainerSnapshot = (id: ContainerIdentifier) =>
+  api.post<APIResponse<Snapshot>>(`/containers/${id}/snapshots`, {}, { timeout: 600000 })
+
+export const deleteContainerSnapshot = (id: ContainerIdentifier, snapshotId: string) =>
+  api.delete<APIResponse>(`/containers/${id}/snapshots/${snapshotId}`, { timeout: 600000 })
+
+export const restoreContainerSnapshot = (id: ContainerIdentifier, snapshotId: string) =>
+  api.post<APIResponse>(`/containers/${id}/snapshots/${snapshotId}/restore`, {}, { timeout: 600000 })
+
+export const updateSnapshotSchedule = (id: ContainerIdentifier, enabled: boolean, intervalHours: number, time: string) =>
+  api.post<APIResponse<{ container: Container; snapshot?: Snapshot }>>(
+    `/containers/${id}/snapshots/schedule`,
+    { enabled, interval_hours: intervalHours, time },
+    { timeout: 600000 }
+  )
+
+export const updateSnapshotQuota = (id: ContainerIdentifier, snapshotLimit: number) =>
+  api.put<APIResponse<{ container: Container; quota: number }>>(
+    `/containers/${id}/snapshots/quota`,
+    { snapshot_limit: snapshotLimit }
+  )
+
 // WebSSH URL generator
 export const getWebSSHUrl = (containerName: string) => {
   const protocol = window.location.protocol === 'https:' ? 'wss:' : 'ws:'
@@ -390,10 +493,9 @@ export const batchAction = (action: string, containers: number[], templateId?: s
 export interface SubUser {
   id: string
   username: string
-  password: string
+  password?: string
   container_names: string[]
   container_uuids?: string[]
-  token: string
   access_code: string
   created_at: string
 }
@@ -451,4 +553,8 @@ export const getSecuritySummary = () =>
 export const createWebSSHTicket = (containerName: string) =>
   api.post<APIResponse<{ ticket: string }>>('/ssh-ticket', { container_name: containerName })
 
+// Version
+export const getVersion = () =>
+  api.get<APIResponse<{ version: string }>>('/version')
+
 export default api

frontend/tailwind.config.js

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /** @type {import('tailwindcss').Config} */
 export default {
+  darkMode: 'class',
   content: [
     "./index.html",
     "./src/**/*.{js,ts,jsx,tsx}",

install.sh

@@ -71,6 +71,73 @@ remove_path() {
     log "Removed $path"
 }
 
+unmount_path_tree() {
+    path="$1"
+    if [ ! -e "$path" ]; then
+        return
+    fi
+
+    if has_cmd findmnt; then
+        findmnt -R -n -o TARGET "$path" 2>/dev/null | sort -r | while IFS= read -r mountpoint; do
+            [ -n "$mountpoint" ] || continue
+            umount -R -l "$mountpoint" >/dev/null 2>&1 || umount -l "$mountpoint" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+        done
+    fi
+
+    umount -R -l "$path/rootfs" >/dev/null 2>&1 || umount -l "$path/rootfs" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+    umount -R -l "$path" >/dev/null 2>&1 || umount -l "$path" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+}
+
+detach_container_loop_devices() {
+    path="$1"
+    if ! has_cmd losetup; then
+        return
+    fi
+
+    for image in "$path"/rootfs.img "$path"/*.img; do
+        [ -e "$image" ] || continue
+        losetup -j "$image" 2>/dev/null | sed 's/:.*//' | while IFS= read -r loopdev; do
+            [ -n "$loopdev" ] || continue
+            losetup -d "$loopdev" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+        done
+    done
+}
+
+kill_path_users() {
+    path="$1"
+    if has_cmd fuser && [ -e "$path" ]; then
+        fuser -km "$path" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+    fi
+}
+
+remove_lxc_container_dir() {
+    container_dir="$1"
+    container_name="$(basename "$container_dir")"
+
+    if has_cmd lxc-stop; then
+        lxc-stop -n "$container_name" -k >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+    fi
+    if has_cmd lxc-destroy; then
+        lxc-destroy -n "$container_name" -f >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+    fi
+
+    unmount_path_tree "$container_dir"
+    detach_container_loop_devices "$container_dir"
+
+    if rm -rf "$container_dir" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        log "Removed $container_dir"
+        return
+    fi
+
+    log "Retrying removal after terminating processes using $container_dir..."
+    kill_path_users "$container_dir/rootfs"
+    kill_path_users "$container_dir"
+    unmount_path_tree "$container_dir"
+    detach_container_loop_devices "$container_dir"
+    rm -rf "$container_dir"
+    log "Removed $container_dir"
+}
+
 uninstall_clicd() {
     log "Uninstalling CLICD..."
 
@@ -89,14 +156,7 @@ uninstall_clicd() {
     log "Destroying LXC containers under /var/lib/lxc..."
     for container_dir in /var/lib/lxc/*; do
         [ -d "$container_dir" ] || continue
-        container_name="$(basename "$container_dir")"
-        if has_cmd lxc-stop; then
-            lxc-stop -n "$container_name" -k >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
-        fi
-        if has_cmd lxc-destroy; then
-            lxc-destroy -n "$container_name" -f >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
-        fi
-        remove_path "$container_dir"
+        remove_lxc_container_dir "$container_dir"
     done
 
     remove_path /etc/systemd/system/clicd.service
@@ -106,6 +166,7 @@ uninstall_clicd() {
     remove_path /var/log/clicd.log
     remove_path /var/log/clicd.err
     remove_path /root/.clicd
+    unmount_path_tree /var/lib/lxc
     remove_path /var/lib/lxc
     remove_path /var/cache/lxc