release: v1.1.23

build(deps): bump golang.org/x/crypto from 0.45.0 to 0.52.0 in /backend

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# These are supported funding model platforms
+
+github: # Replace with up to 4 GitHub Sponsors-enabled usernames e.g., [user1, user2]
+patreon: # Replace with a single Patreon username
+open_collective: # Replace with a single Open Collective username
+ko_fi: # Replace with a single Ko-fi username
+tidelift: # Replace with a single Tidelift platform-name/package-name e.g., npm/babel
+community_bridge: # Replace with a single Community Bridge project-name e.g., cloud-foundry
+liberapay: # Replace with a single Liberapay username
+issuehunt: # Replace with a single IssueHunt username
+lfx_crowdfunding: # Replace with a single LFX Crowdfunding project-name e.g., cloud-foundry
+polar: # Replace with a single Polar username
+buy_me_a_coffee: mengmengcode
+thanks_dev: # Replace with a single thanks.dev username
+custom: # Replace with up to 4 custom sponsorship URLs e.g., ['link1', 'link2']

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ on:
       - main
       - master
     tags:
-      - "v*"
+      - 'v*'
   pull_request:
   workflow_dispatch:
 
@@ -14,9 +14,15 @@ permissions:
   contents: write
 
 jobs:
-  linux-amd64:
-    name: Linux amd64
+  linux:
+    name: Linux ${{ matrix.goarch }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        goarch:
+          - amd64
+          - arm64
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
@@ -25,51 +31,101 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: "20"
+          node-version: 20
           cache: npm
-          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            frontend/package-lock.json
+            docs/package-lock.json
 
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: "1.22.x"
+          go-version: '1.24.5'
           cache-dependency-path: backend/go.sum
 
+      - name: Install frontend dependencies
+        run: npm ci --prefix frontend
+
+      - name: Install docs dependencies
+        run: npm ci --prefix docs
+
+      - name: Build docs
+        run: npm run build --prefix docs
+
       - name: Set version from tag
-        shell: bash
         run: |
           if [[ "$GITHUB_REF" == refs/tags/v* ]]; then
-            echo "CLICD_VERSION=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/v}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+            echo "CLICD_VERSION=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/v}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
           else
-            echo "CLICD_VERSION=dev" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+            echo "CLICD_VERSION=dev" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
           fi
 
-      - name: Build
-        shell: bash
+      - name: Build CLICD
+        env:
+          CLICD_GOARCH: ${{ matrix.goarch }}
         run: bash build.sh
 
-      - name: Package
-        shell: bash
+      - name: Package CLICD
+        env:
+          CLICD_GOARCH: ${{ matrix.goarch }}
         run: |
-          mkdir -p dist package/clicd-linux-amd64
-          cp build/clicd package/clicd-linux-amd64/clicd
-          cp build/install.sh package/clicd-linux-amd64/install.sh
-          chmod +x package/clicd-linux-amd64/clicd package/clicd-linux-amd64/install.sh
-          tar -C package -czf dist/clicd-linux-amd64.tar.gz clicd-linux-amd64
-          cp build/clicd dist/clicd-linux-amd64
-          sha256sum dist/* > dist/SHA256SUMS
+          asset_dir="clicd-linux-${CLICD_GOARCH}"
+          mkdir -p "dist" "package/${asset_dir}"
+          cp build/clicd "package/${asset_dir}/clicd"
+          cp build/install.sh "package/${asset_dir}/install.sh"
+          chmod +x "package/${asset_dir}/clicd" "package/${asset_dir}/install.sh"
+          tar -C package -czf "dist/${asset_dir}.tar.gz" "${asset_dir}"
+          cp build/clicd "dist/${asset_dir}"
+
+      - name: Package Mofang module
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f Mofang/clicd.php ]; then
+            echo "Mofang module not present; skipping package."
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          if ! command -v zip >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            sudo apt-get update
+            sudo apt-get install -y zip
+          fi
+
+          cd Mofang
+          zip -r ../dist/clicd-mofang.zip clicd.php handlers templates -x '*.DS_Store' -x '*/.DS_Store'
+
+      - name: Generate checksums
+        run: sha256sum dist/* > dist/SHA256SUMS
 
       - name: Upload artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: clicd-linux-amd64
+          name: clicd-linux-${{ matrix.goarch }}
           path: dist/*
 
+  release:
+    name: Publish GitHub Release
+    needs: linux
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Download artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: dist-artifacts
+
+      - name: Prepare release assets
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p dist
+          find dist-artifacts -maxdepth 2 -type f ! -name SHA256SUMS -print -exec cp -f {} dist/ \;
+          sha256sum dist/* > dist/SHA256SUMS
+
       - name: Publish GitHub Release
-        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
         env:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
-        shell: bash
+          GH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
         run: |
           gh release create "$GITHUB_REF_NAME" dist/* --generate-notes || \
           gh release upload "$GITHUB_REF_NAME" dist/* --clobber

.github/workflows/pages.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+name: Deploy Docs
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - master
+    paths:
+      - "docs/**"
+      - ".github/workflows/pages.yml"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  pages: write
+  id-token: write
+
+concurrency:
+  group: github-pages
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Build VitePress
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: "20"
+          cache: npm
+          cache-dependency-path: docs/package-lock.json
+
+      - name: Setup Pages
+        uses: actions/configure-pages@v5
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        working-directory: docs
+        run: npm ci
+
+      - name: Build docs
+        working-directory: docs
+        env:
+          VITEPRESS_BASE: /
+        run: npm run build
+
+      - name: Upload artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          path: docs/.vitepress/dist
+
+  deploy:
+    name: Deploy GitHub Pages
+    needs: build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    environment:
+      name: github-pages
+      url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
+        id: deployment
+        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v4

.gitignore

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ backend/internal/server/web/*
 
 # Build artifacts
 /build/
+/dist/
+Mofang/*.zip
 *.exe
 *.dll
 *.so
@@ -58,9 +60,14 @@ backend/tmp/
 *.swp
 *.swo
 *~
+.claude/
 
 # OS
 .DS_Store
 Thumbs.db
 linux.txt
 push-release.ps1
+deploy.ps1
+backend/clicd
+api.md
+deploy-arm.ps1

LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
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Mofang/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,549 @@
+# CLICD 魔方财务对接模块
+
+这是用于智简魔方 / IDCSMART 的 CLICD 服务器模块。模块通过 CLICD API 完成实例开通、删除、开关机、重启、重装、改密、资源变更、流量重置、NAT 端口映射管理、实例信息展示和 WebSSH 入口。
+
+## 文件结构
+
+```text
+clicd.php
+README.md
+handlers/
+  webssh.php
+templates/
+  firewall.html
+  info.html
+  nat.html
+```
+
+安装时请保持目录结构不变，将整个 `clicd` 目录放入魔方服务器模块目录：
+
+```text
+public/plugins/servers/clicd/
+```
+
+## 服务器配置
+
+在魔方后台添加服务器时，模块名称选择 `clicd`。
+
+CLICD 面板地址建议使用 HTTPS：
+
+```text
+主机名 = https://0.0.0.0:8999
+```
+
+也可以拆分填写：
+
+```text
+IP地址 = 0.0.0.0
+端口      = 8999
+secure    = 开启
+```
+
+API Key 可以填写在以下任意一个字段中：
+
+```text
+Hash
+密码
+```
+
+模块请求 CLICD 时会同时携带：
+
+```text
+X-API-Key: clicd_sk_xxxx
+Authorization: Bearer clicd_sk_xxxx
+Content-Type: application/json
+```
+
+## 产品配置项
+
+| 字段 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- |
+| `virtualization` | 虚拟化类型，`lxc` 或 `kvm` |
+| `template_id` | CLICD 模板 / 镜像 ID |
+| `vcpu` | CPU 核心数 |
+| `cpu_percent` | CPU 使用率限制，`0` 表示不额外限制 |
+| `ram_mb` | 内存，单位 MB |
+| `disk_gb` | 系统盘，单位 GB |
+| `network_bw_mbps` | 带宽，单位 Mbps |
+| `traffic_mode` | `total` 总流量，或 `in_out` 入 / 出分开 |
+| `monthly_traffic_gb` | 月流量 GB |
+| `traffic_in_gb` | 入站流量 GB，`in_out` 模式使用 |
+| `traffic_out_gb` | 出站流量 GB，`in_out` 模式使用 |
+| `io_speed_mbps` | 磁盘 IO 限制，`0` 表示不限制 |
+| `port_mapping_count` | 开通时分配的 NAT 端口数量，最小 2 |
+| `snapshot_limit` | 快照配额 |
+| `extra_ports` | 额外映射的容器端口，逗号分隔，例如 `80,443` |
+| `assign_ipv6` | 开通时是否自动分配 IPv6 |
+| `sync_expiry` | 是否同步魔方到期时间到 CLICD |
+
+客户产品的 `domain` 会作为 CLICD 容器名称。模块会自动把不适合作为容器名的字符替换为 `-`。
+
+## 开通后字段同步
+
+开通、同步、重装、改密后，模块会从 CLICD 容器详情拉取最新信息并写回魔方主机表：
+
+| 魔方字段 | 写入内容 |
+| --- | --- |
+| `dedicatedip` | NAT 外网 IP，优先使用 API 返回的公网字段，否则使用服务器 IP |
+| `username` | 固定写入 `root` |
+| `password` | CLICD 返回的 SSH 密码，兼容魔方 `cmf_encrypt()` |
+| `port` | CLICD 返回的 `ssh_port` |
+| `domainstatus` | CLICD 状态为 `running` 时写 `Active`，否则写 `Suspended` |
+
+如果接口返回的密码是 `***` 这类脱敏值，模块不会覆盖魔方里已有密码。
+
+## 客户区页面
+
+模块提供三个客户区选项卡：
+
+```text
+实例信息
+NAT转发
+防火墙
+```
+
+客户区按钮提供：
+
+```text
+WebSSH
+```
+
+## 实例信息
+
+实例信息页展示：
+
+- 实例名称、运行状态、SSH 地址、IPv6
+- CPU、内存、负载、磁盘圆环状态
+- 月流量进度
+- CPU 使用率、内存使用、网络流量、磁盘 IO 图表
+- IPv4、SSH 端口、SSH 密码、资源配置、到期时间
+
+图表数据通过客户区懒加载接口获取，不会强制刷新整个魔方页面。页面首次打开会加载一次数据，之后由用户选择是否自动刷新：
+
+```text
+不刷新
+10 秒
+1 分钟
+5 分钟
+10 分钟
+```
+
+也可以点击“立即刷新”手动刷新一次。当前 CLICD 用量接口返回的是实时值，不是历史数组；图表曲线由客户区前端持续采样生成。若需要打开页面立即显示历史曲线，需要 CLICD 额外提供历史指标接口。
+
+流量显示支持智能单位，小流量会显示 B / KB / MB，大流量显示 GB，例如：
+
+```text
+370.5 KB / 100 GB
+```
+
+模块会优先调用：
+
+```text
+GET /api/v1/containers/{name}/usage
+GET /api/v1/containers/{name}/traffic
+```
+
+如果 `/api/v1/containers/{name}/usage` 不可用，模块会在容器详情存在 `uuid` 时尝试兼容：
+
+```text
+GET /api/containers/{uuid}/usage
+```
+
+已兼容的常见用量字段包括：
+
+```text
+cpu_usage_pct
+memory_usage_bytes
+disk_usage_bytes
+network_rx_bps
+network_tx_bps
+disk_read_bps
+disk_write_bps
+rx_used_bytes
+tx_used_bytes
+total_used_bytes
+limit_gb
+used_pct
+```
+
+## NAT 转发
+
+NAT 转发是独立页面，支持：
+
+- 查看端口映射
+- 获取随机可用端口
+- 添加端口映射
+- 修改端口映射
+- 删除端口映射
+
+删除端口映射时使用页面内确认弹窗，不使用浏览器自带确认框。
+
+使用的 CLICD API：
+
+```text
+GET    /api/v1/containers/{id|uuid|name}
+GET    /api/v1/containers/{id}/random-port
+POST   /api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings
+PUT    /api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings/{index}
+DELETE /api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings/{index}
+```
+
+添加 / 修改 NAT 映射时必须使用 JSON 请求体，例如：
+
+```json
+{
+  "container_port": 8080,
+  "host_port": 61320,
+  "protocol": "tcp",
+  "description": "HTTP"
+}
+```
+
+## 防火墙
+
+防火墙是独立客户区页面，支持：
+
+- 查看防火墙启用状态、默认动作和规则列表
+- 启用 / 停用防火墙
+- 设置默认动作：未匹配拒绝或未匹配放行
+- 添加规则
+- 编辑规则
+- 删除规则
+- 单独启用 / 停用某条规则
+
+页面会先在前端修改规则列表和开关状态，点击“保存设置”后才统一同步到 CLICD。这样可以避免每次切换开关、修改默认动作或编辑规则时都立即请求后端，减少客户区卡顿。
+
+注意：防火墙关闭时也可以保存规则；关闭只表示暂时不接管该容器流量，不代表规则必须清空。
+
+使用的 CLICD API：
+
+```text
+GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall
+PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall
+```
+
+更新防火墙时必须使用 JSON 请求体，例如：
+
+```json
+{
+  "enabled": true,
+  "default_action": "ACCEPT",
+  "rules": [
+    {
+      "id": "",
+      "network": "ipv4",
+      "direction": "in",
+      "protocol": "tcp",
+      "port": "22",
+      "source_ip": "",
+      "action": "ACCEPT",
+      "description": "Allow SSH",
+      "enabled": true
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+规则字段说明：
+
+| 字段 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- |
+| `network` | 网络范围，常用 `ipv4`，也支持 `ipv6` / `all` |
+| `direction` | 方向，`in` 入站，`out` 出站 |
+| `protocol` | 协议，`tcp` 或 `udp` |
+| `port` | 端口，可填写单端口、逗号分隔端口或端口段，例如 `22`、`80,443`、`8000-9000` |
+| `source_ip` | 来源 IP / CIDR，留空表示任意来源 |
+| `action` | 动作，`ACCEPT` 放行，`DROP` 拒绝 |
+| `description` | 规则描述 |
+| `enabled` | 是否启用该规则 |
+
+IPv4 NAT 入站规则的端口按容器内部端口匹配，不是宿主机公网端口。例如公网 `22023 -> 容器 22`，防火墙规则端口应填写 `22`。
+## WebSSH
+
+WebSSH 按钮会调用：
+
+```text
+POST /api/v1/ssh-ticket
+```
+
+请求体：
+
+```json
+{
+  "container_name": "example-vm"
+}
+```
+
+接口返回 60 秒有效票据后，模块会打开本地 handler：
+
+```text
+/plugins/servers/clicd/handlers/webssh.php
+```
+
+浏览器会从该页面直连 CLICD：
+
+```text
+wss://0.0.0.0:8999/api/ssh?container=example-vm
+Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: clicd-ticket.xxxxx
+```
+
+注意：WebSSH 受浏览器安全策略和 CLICD 后端 Origin 校验影响。魔方客户区通常是 HTTPS，因此 CLICD 面板也必须启用 HTTPS/WSS。请把魔方服务器配置里的 `主机名` 改为 `https://0.0.0.0:8999`，或把 `secure` 设为 `开启`。
+
+新版 CLICD 已支持 WebSSH Origin 放行。部署时需要在 CLICD 后端把魔方财务客户区域名加入 WebSSH Origin 白名单，例如：
+
+```text
+https://www.example.com
+```
+
+如果 WebSSH 页面显示 `WebSocket error`、`Disconnected code=1006`，但直接以 CLICD 自身 Origin 测试能返回 `101 Switching Protocols`，通常说明 CLICD 后端未放行魔方客户区域名的 WebSocket Origin。此时请检查 CLICD 的 WebSSH Origin 白名单配置；前端页面无法伪造浏览器 Origin。
+
+## 支持的魔方操作
+
+| 魔方操作 | CLICD API |
+| --- | --- |
+| 连接测试 | `GET /api/v1/dashboard` |
+| 开通 | `POST /api/v1/containers` |
+| 删除 | `DELETE /api/v1/containers/{name}/delete` |
+| 开机 | `POST /api/v1/containers/{name}/start` |
+| 关机 | `POST /api/v1/containers/{name}/stop` |
+| 重启 | `POST /api/v1/containers/{name}/restart` |
+| 重装 | `POST /api/v1/containers/{name}/reinstall` |
+| 改密 | `POST /api/v1/containers/{name}/reset-password` |
+| 重置流量 | `POST /api/v1/containers/{name}/traffic-reset` |
+| 变更资源 | `PUT /api/v1/containers/{name}/resource-limit` |
+| 变更流量 | `PUT /api/v1/containers/{name}/traffic-limit` |
+| 同步到期 | `PUT /api/v1/containers/{name}/expiry` |
+| 查询防火墙 | `GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall` |
+| 更新防火墙 | `PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall` |
+| WebSSH | `POST /api/v1/ssh-ticket` |
+
+## 建议 API 权限
+
+API Key 至少需要以下权限，具体名称以 CLICD 后端实际权限系统为准：
+
+```text
+dashboard:read
+container:read
+container:create
+container:power
+container:delete
+container:reinstall
+container:password
+container:traffic
+container:resize
+container:port
+container:firewall
+task:read
+ssh-ticket:create
+```
+
+如果 API Key 使用 `*` 或 `admin:*`，通常可以覆盖上述权限。
+
+## 建议先测试的 curl
+
+连接测试：
+
+```bash
+curl -H "X-API-Key: clicd_sk_xxxx" \
+  https://0.0.0.0:8999/api/v1/dashboard
+```
+
+容器详情：
+
+```bash
+curl -H "X-API-Key: clicd_sk_xxxx" \
+  https://0.0.0.0:8999/api/v1/containers/example-vm
+```
+
+资源用量：
+
+```bash
+curl -H "X-API-Key: clicd_sk_xxxx" \
+  https://0.0.0.0:8999/api/v1/containers/example-vm/usage
+```
+
+流量统计：
+
+```bash
+curl -H "X-API-Key: clicd_sk_xxxx" \
+  https://0.0.0.0:8999/api/v1/containers/example-vm/traffic
+```
+
+修改 NAT：
+
+```bash
+curl --location --request PUT \
+  "https://0.0.0.0:8999/api/v1/containers/10/port-mappings/1" \
+  --header "X-API-Key: clicd_sk_xxxx" \
+  --header "Authorization: Bearer clicd_sk_xxxx" \
+  --header "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  --data-raw '{"container_port":8081,"host_port":61320,"protocol":"tcp","description":"HTTP"}'
+```
+
+查询防火墙：
+
+```bash
+curl -H "X-API-Key: clicd_sk_xxxx" \
+  https://0.0.0.0:8999/api/v1/containers/10/firewall
+```
+
+更新防火墙：
+
+```bash
+curl --location --request PUT \
+  "https://0.0.0.0:8999/api/v1/containers/10/firewall" \
+  --header "X-API-Key: clicd_sk_xxxx" \
+  --header "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  --data-raw '{"enabled":true,"default_action":"ACCEPT","rules":[{"id":"","network":"ipv4","direction":"in","protocol":"tcp","port":"22","source_ip":"","action":"ACCEPT","description":"Allow SSH","enabled":true}]}'
+```
+创建 WebSSH 票据：
+
+```bash
+curl --location --request POST \
+  "https://0.0.0.0:8999/api/v1/ssh-ticket" \
+  --header "X-API-Key: clicd_sk_xxxx" \
+  --header "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  --data-raw '{"container_name":"example-vm"}'
+```
+
+## 常见问题
+
+### NAT 修改不生效
+
+确认请求体必须是 JSON，不要使用 `multipart/form-data`。正确请求头：
+
+```text
+Content-Type: application/json
+```
+
+### 防火墙获取提示“不支持的方法”
+
+请确认模块版本已经包含防火墙页签修复。客户区防火墙列表应通过模块公开的 `firewallList` 调用，再由模块向 CLICD 发起：
+
+```text
+GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall
+```
+
+如果页面或二开代码直接把读取请求改成 `POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall`，CLICD 会返回“不支持的方法”。
+
+### 防火墙保存后规则为空
+
+请确认更新接口最终发往 CLICD 的请求体是 JSON，并且包含 `rules` 数组。防火墙关闭时也可以保存规则，`enabled: false` 不应自动清空 `rules`。
+
+正确请求体示例：
+
+```json
+{
+  "enabled": false,
+  "default_action": "ACCEPT",
+  "rules": [
+    {
+      "id": "",
+      "network": "ipv4",
+      "direction": "in",
+      "protocol": "tcp",
+      "port": "22",
+      "source_ip": "",
+      "action": "ACCEPT",
+      "description": "Allow SSH",
+      "enabled": true
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+### 图表刚打开只有一条横线
+
+CLICD 当前用量接口返回的是实时值，不是历史序列。页面刚打开时只有一个采样点，所以会显示当前值横线。选择 `10 秒` 自动刷新或点击“立即刷新”多采样几次后，会逐步形成折线。
+
+### 流量显示为 0
+
+旧版本只显示 GB，小流量换算后会被四舍五入成 `0 GB`。当前版本已改为智能单位，会显示 B / KB / MB / GB。
+
+### 防火墙
+
+防火墙是独立客户区页面，支持：
+
+- 查看防火墙启用状态、默认动作和规则列表
+- 启用 / 停用防火墙
+- 设置默认动作：未匹配拒绝或未匹配放行
+- 添加规则
+- 编辑规则
+- 删除规则
+- 单独启用 / 停用某条规则
+
+页面会先在前端修改规则列表和开关状态，点击“保存设置”后才统一同步到 CLICD。这样可以避免每次切换开关、修改默认动作或编辑规则时都立即请求后端，减少客户区卡顿。
+
+注意：防火墙关闭时也可以保存规则；关闭只表示暂时不接管该容器流量，不代表规则必须清空。
+
+使用的 CLICD API：
+
+```text
+GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall
+PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall
+```
+
+更新防火墙时必须使用 JSON 请求体，例如：
+
+```json
+{
+  "enabled": true,
+  "default_action": "ACCEPT",
+  "rules": [
+    {
+      "id": "",
+      "network": "ipv4",
+      "direction": "in",
+      "protocol": "tcp",
+      "port": "22",
+      "source_ip": "",
+      "action": "ACCEPT",
+      "description": "Allow SSH",
+      "enabled": true
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+规则字段说明：
+
+| 字段 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- |
+| `network` | 网络范围，常用 `ipv4`，也支持 `ipv6` / `all` |
+| `direction` | 方向，`in` 入站，`out` 出站 |
+| `protocol` | 协议，`tcp` 或 `udp` |
+| `port` | 端口，可填写单端口、逗号分隔端口或端口段，例如 `22`、`80,443`、`8000-9000` |
+| `source_ip` | 来源 IP / CIDR，留空表示任意来源 |
+| `action` | 动作，`ACCEPT` 放行，`DROP` 拒绝 |
+| `description` | 规则描述 |
+| `enabled` | 是否启用该规则 |
+
+IPv4 NAT 入站规则的端口按容器内部端口匹配，不是宿主机公网端口。例如公网 `22023 -> 容器 22`，防火墙规则端口应填写 `22`。
+## WebSSH 打不开或提示不安全 WebSocket
+
+请确认 CLICD 面板已经启用 HTTPS/WSS，并且魔方服务器配置使用 HTTPS：
+
+```text
+server_host = https://0.0.0.0:8999
+```
+
+如果仍然使用 `http://`，模块会生成 `ws://` 地址，HTTPS 客户区页面会被浏览器拦截。
+
+如果 WSS 证书正常但仍返回 `Forbidden` 或浏览器显示 `code=1006`，请检查 CLICD 的 WebSSH Origin 白名单。新版 CLICD 已支持放行魔方财务域名，需要把魔方客户区访问域名完整加入白名单，例如：
+
+```text
+https://www.example.com
+```
+
+注意需要填写浏览器实际访问魔方客户区时的协议和域名，`http` / `https`、带不带 `www` 都要与实际访问地址一致。
+
+### 开通后魔方里的 IP、端口、密码不对
+
+执行“同步状态”或重装 / 改密后，模块会重新拉取容器详情。请确认 CLICD 容器详情接口能返回：
+
+```text
+ssh_port
+ssh_password
+status
+```
+
+公网 IP 优先使用 `nat_public_ip/public_ip/host_ip/external_ip/node_ip/nat_host` 等字段；如果接口没有返回，则使用魔方服务器配置的 IP。

Mofang/handlers/webssh.php

@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+<?php
+$ws = isset($_GET['ws']) ? (string)$_GET['ws'] : (isset($_GET['amp;ws']) ? (string)$_GET['amp;ws'] : '');
+$protocol = isset($_GET['protocol']) ? (string)$_GET['protocol'] : (isset($_GET['amp;protocol']) ? (string)$_GET['amp;protocol'] : '');
+$container = isset($_GET['container']) ? (string)$_GET['container'] : (isset($_GET['amp;container']) ? (string)$_GET['amp;container'] : '');
+$ticket = isset($_GET['ticket']) ? (string)$_GET['ticket'] : (isset($_GET['amp;ticket']) ? (string)$_GET['amp;ticket'] : '');
+
+if ($protocol === '' && $ticket !== '') {
+    $protocol = 'clicd-ticket.' . $ticket;
+}
+
+if ($ws === '') {
+    http_response_code(400);
+    header('Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8');
+    echo "Missing WebSSH parameters\n";
+    echo "Received query: " . ($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'] ?? '') . "\n";
+    exit;
+}
+?>
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="zh-CN">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+    <title>WebSSH</title>
+    <style>
+        html,body{height:100%;margin:0;background:#0b1020;color:#e5e7eb;font-family:Consolas,Menlo,monospace}
+        body{cursor:text}
+        .bar{height:44px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;padding:0 14px;background:#111827;border-bottom:1px solid #243047}
+        .dot{width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background:#f59e0b}
+        .dot.ok{background:#22c55e}.dot.err{background:#ef4444}
+        .title{font-size:14px;color:#cbd5e1;flex:1}
+        .tools{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;font-size:12px;color:#94a3b8;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-end}
+        .tools select{height:26px;background:#0f172a;color:#cbd5e1;border:1px solid #334155;border-radius:4px}
+        .tools button{height:26px;border:1px solid #334155;background:#0f172a;color:#cbd5e1;border-radius:4px;padding:0 8px;cursor:pointer}
+        #keyhint{min-width:44px;text-align:right}
+        #iostat{min-width:120px;text-align:right}
+        #term{height:calc(100% - 89px);box-sizing:border-box;padding:14px;overflow:auto;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;font-size:14px;line-height:1.45;outline:none}
+        .inputbar{height:44px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:6px 10px;box-sizing:border-box;background:#111827;border-top:1px solid #243047}
+        #cmd{flex:1;height:30px;background:#020617;color:#e5e7eb;border:1px solid #334155;border-radius:4px;padding:0 8px;font:14px Consolas,Menlo,monospace;outline:none}
+        #sendcmd{height:30px;border:1px solid #2563eb;background:#2563eb;color:#fff;border-radius:4px;padding:0 12px;cursor:pointer}
+        .hint{color:#94a3b8}
+        .meta{color:#94a3b8}
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div class="bar">
+    <span id="state" class="dot"></span>
+    <span class="title">WebSSH <?php echo htmlspecialchars($container, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'); ?></span>
+    <span class="tools">
+        <span>发送模式</span>
+        <select id="send-mode">
+            <option value="raw" selected>raw</option>
+            <option value="binary">binary</option>
+            <option value="json-input">json input</option>
+            <option value="json-data">json data</option>
+            <option value="json-stdin">json stdin</option>
+        </select>
+        <button id="send-enter" type="button">回车</button>
+        <span id="iostat">S0 R0</span>
+        <span id="keyhint"></span>
+    </span>
+</div>
+<div id="term" tabindex="0"><span class="hint">正在连接...</span></div>
+<div class="inputbar">
+    <input id="cmd" type="text" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="在这里输入命令，例如 ls -la">
+    <button id="sendcmd" type="button">发送</button>
+</div>
+<script>
+(function(){
+    var wsUrl = <?php echo json_encode($ws, JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES); ?>;
+    var protocol = <?php echo json_encode($protocol, JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES); ?>;
+    var ticket = <?php echo json_encode($ticket, JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES); ?>;
+    var term = document.getElementById('term');
+    var state = document.getElementById('state');
+    var modeSelect = document.getElementById('send-mode');
+    var keyhint = document.getElementById('keyhint');
+    var iostat = document.getElementById('iostat');
+    var sendEnter = document.getElementById('send-enter');
+    var cmd = document.getElementById('cmd');
+    var sendcmd = document.getElementById('sendcmd');
+    var socket;
+    var hintTimer;
+    var sentCount = 0;
+    var recvCount = 0;
+    var decoder = window.TextDecoder ? new TextDecoder('utf-8') : null;
+    var termLines = [''];
+    var cursorRow = 0;
+    var cursorCol = 0;
+    var maxLines = 2000;
+
+    function append(text) {
+        writeTerminal(stripTerminalControls(String(text || '')));
+        renderTerminal();
+    }
+
+    function clearTerminal() {
+        termLines = [''];
+        cursorRow = 0;
+        cursorCol = 0;
+        renderTerminal();
+    }
+
+    function stripTerminalControls(text) {
+        return text
+            .replace(/\x1b\][\s\S]*?(?:\x07|\x1b\\)/g, '')
+            .replace(/\x1b\[(?:2J|H)/g, '\f')
+            .replace(/\x1b\[[0-?]*[ -/]*K/g, '\v')
+            .replace(/\ufffd\[[0-?]*[ -/]*K/g, '\v')
+            .replace(/\x1b\[[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~]/g, '')
+            .replace(/\ufffd\[[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~]/g, '')
+            .replace(/\x1b[()][A-Za-z0-9]/g, '')
+            .replace(/\x1b[@-Z\\-_]/g, '')
+            .replace(/[\x00-\x08\x0e-\x1f\x7f]/g, '');
+    }
+
+    function ensureLine() {
+        while (cursorRow >= termLines.length) {
+            termLines.push('');
+        }
+    }
+
+    function trimTerminal() {
+        if (termLines.length <= maxLines) {
+            return;
+        }
+        var overflow = termLines.length - maxLines;
+        termLines.splice(0, overflow);
+        cursorRow = Math.max(0, cursorRow - overflow);
+    }
+
+    function writeTerminal(text) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < text.length; i++) {
+            var ch = text.charAt(i);
+            if (ch === '\f') {
+                termLines = [''];
+                cursorRow = 0;
+                cursorCol = 0;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (ch === '\v') {
+                ensureLine();
+                termLines[cursorRow] = termLines[cursorRow].slice(0, cursorCol);
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (ch === '\r') {
+                cursorCol = 0;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (ch === '\n') {
+                cursorRow++;
+                cursorCol = 0;
+                ensureLine();
+                trimTerminal();
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (ch === '\b') {
+                cursorCol = Math.max(0, cursorCol - 1);
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (ch === '\t') {
+                var spaces = 4 - (cursorCol % 4);
+                for (var s = 0; s < spaces; s++) {
+                    writePrintable(' ');
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+            writePrintable(ch);
+        }
+        trimTerminal();
+    }
+
+    function writePrintable(ch) {
+        ensureLine();
+        var line = termLines[cursorRow];
+        if (cursorCol > line.length) {
+            line += new Array(cursorCol - line.length + 1).join(' ');
+        }
+        termLines[cursorRow] = line.slice(0, cursorCol) + ch + line.slice(cursorCol + 1);
+        cursorCol++;
+    }
+
+    function renderTerminal() {
+        term.textContent = termLines.join('\n');
+        term.scrollTop = term.scrollHeight;
+    }
+
+    function setState(cls, text) {
+        state.className = 'dot ' + cls;
+        append(text);
+    }
+
+    function updateIoStatus() {
+        if (!iostat) return;
+        var stateText = socket ? ['CONNECTING','OPEN','CLOSING','CLOSED'][socket.readyState] : '-';
+        iostat.textContent = 'S' + sentCount + ' R' + recvCount + ' ' + stateText;
+    }
+
+    function websocketProtocolValue(value) {
+        value = String(value || '');
+        return /^[!#$%&'*+\-.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z]+$/.test(value) ? value : '';
+    }
+
+    try {
+        var protocolValue = websocketProtocolValue(protocol);
+        if (!protocolValue && ticket) {
+            append('[WebSSH] 票据已通过 URL 参数传递，当前浏览器不会发送子协议。\n');
+        }
+        socket = protocolValue ? new WebSocket(wsUrl, protocolValue) : new WebSocket(wsUrl);
+        socket.binaryType = 'arraybuffer';
+    } catch (e) {
+        setState('err', '\nWebSocket 创建失败：' + e.message + '\n');
+        return;
+    }
+
+    socket.onopen = function(){
+        clearTerminal();
+        setState('ok', '已连接。\r\n');
+        updateIoStatus();
+        if (cmd) cmd.focus();
+    };
+    socket.onmessage = function(event){
+        recvCount++;
+        updateIoStatus();
+        if (typeof event.data === 'string') {
+            handleIncomingText(event.data);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (event.data instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
+            handleIncomingText(decodeIncoming(event.data));
+            return;
+        }
+        if (window.Blob && event.data instanceof Blob) {
+            event.data.arrayBuffer().then(function(buffer){
+                handleIncomingText(decodeIncoming(buffer));
+            }).catch(function(){
+                append('\n[WebSSH] 无法解码服务端返回内容。\n');
+            });
+        }
+    };
+    socket.onerror = function(){
+        setState('err', '\nWebSocket 连接错误，请检查 HTTPS 证书、WSS 服务、Origin 策略和票据有效期。\n');
+    };
+    socket.onclose = function(event){
+        updateIoStatus();
+        setState('err', '\n连接已断开。code=' + event.code + ' reason=' + (event.reason || '-') + ' clean=' + event.wasClean + '\n');
+    };
+
+    function flashKey(text) {
+        if (!keyhint) return;
+        keyhint.textContent = text;
+        window.clearTimeout(hintTimer);
+        hintTimer = window.setTimeout(function(){ keyhint.textContent = ''; }, 500);
+    }
+
+    function decodeIncoming(buffer) {
+        if (decoder) {
+            return decoder.decode(new Uint8Array(buffer));
+        }
+        var bytes = new Uint8Array(buffer);
+        var text = '';
+        for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+            text += String.fromCharCode(bytes[i]);
+        }
+        try {
+            return decodeURIComponent(escape(text));
+        } catch (e) {
+            return text;
+        }
+    }
+
+    function handleIncomingText(text) {
+        append(text);
+        if (text.indexOf('SSH shell ready') !== -1) {
+            window.setTimeout(function(){ send('\r'); }, 250);
+        }
+    }
+
+    function wsPayload(data) {
+        var mode = modeSelect ? modeSelect.value : 'raw';
+        if (mode === 'raw') {
+            return data;
+        }
+        if (mode === 'binary') {
+            return new TextEncoder().encode(data);
+        }
+        if (mode === 'json-data') {
+            return JSON.stringify({type:'data', data:data});
+        }
+        if (mode === 'json-stdin') {
+            return JSON.stringify({type:'stdin', data:data});
+        }
+        return JSON.stringify({type:'input', data:data});
+    }
+
+    function send(data) {
+        if (!socket || socket.readyState !== WebSocket.OPEN) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        socket.send(wsPayload(data));
+        sentCount++;
+        updateIoStatus();
+        flashKey(data === '\r' ? '回车' : data === '\x7f' ? '退格' : data.length > 1 ? data.length + ' 字符' : data);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    function keyToData(e) {
+        if (e.ctrlKey && !e.altKey && !e.metaKey && e.key.length === 1) {
+            var code = e.key.toUpperCase().charCodeAt(0);
+            if (code >= 64 && code <= 95) {
+                return String.fromCharCode(code - 64);
+            }
+        }
+        var map = {
+            Enter: '\r',
+            Backspace: '\x7f',
+            Tab: '\t',
+            Escape: '\x1b',
+            ArrowUp: '\x1b[A',
+            ArrowDown: '\x1b[B',
+            ArrowRight: '\x1b[C',
+            ArrowLeft: '\x1b[D',
+            Delete: '\x1b[3~',
+            Home: '\x1b[H',
+            End: '\x1b[F',
+            PageUp: '\x1b[5~',
+            PageDown: '\x1b[6~'
+        };
+        if (map[e.key]) {
+            return map[e.key];
+        }
+        if (!e.ctrlKey && !e.altKey && !e.metaKey && e.key.length === 1) {
+            return e.key;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){
+        if (e.target === cmd) {
+            return;
+        }
+        var data = keyToData(e);
+        if (data !== null && send(data)) {
+            e.preventDefault();
+        }
+    });
+
+    document.addEventListener('paste', function(e){
+        if (e.target === cmd) {
+            return;
+        }
+        var text = e.clipboardData ? e.clipboardData.getData('text/plain') : '';
+        if (text && send(text)) {
+            e.preventDefault();
+        }
+    });
+
+    document.addEventListener('mousedown', function(){
+        if (cmd) cmd.focus();
+    });
+
+    function sendCommandLine() {
+        if (!cmd) return;
+        var value = cmd.value;
+        if (value === '') {
+            send('\r');
+            return;
+        }
+        if (send(value + '\r')) {
+            cmd.value = '';
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (sendcmd) {
+        sendcmd.addEventListener('click', sendCommandLine);
+    }
+    if (sendEnter) {
+        sendEnter.addEventListener('click', function(){
+            send('\r');
+            if (cmd) cmd.focus();
+        });
+    }
+    if (cmd) {
+        cmd.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){
+            if (e.key === 'Enter') {
+                sendCommandLine();
+                e.preventDefault();
+                return;
+            }
+            if (e.ctrlKey && e.key.toLowerCase() === 'c') {
+                send('\x03');
+                e.preventDefault();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    window.setInterval(updateIoStatus, 1000);
+})();
+</script>
+</body>
+</html>

Mofang/templates/info.html

@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+<style>
+.clicd-info{font-size:14px;color:#1f2937;background:#f6f8fb;padding:14px;border-radius:6px;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden}
+.clicd-info *{box-sizing:border-box}
+.clicd-head{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(170px,1fr));gap:10px;margin-bottom:12px}
+.clicd-mini{background:#fff;border:1px solid #e5e7eb;border-radius:6px;padding:10px}
+.clicd-mini-label{font-size:12px;color:#6b7280;margin-bottom:4px}
+.clicd-mini-value{font-size:16px;font-weight:600;color:#111827;word-break:break-all}
+.clicd-section{background:#fff;border:1px solid #e5e7eb;border-radius:6px;margin-top:12px;padding:14px}
+.clicd-section-title{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:12px;color:#111827;min-width:0;flex-wrap:wrap}
+.clicd-section-title>span:first-child{min-width:0}
+.clicd-refresh{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end;gap:8px;font-size:12px;color:#6b7280;font-weight:400;flex-wrap:wrap;min-width:0;max-width:100%}
+.clicd-refresh label{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:4px;min-width:0;white-space:nowrap}
+.clicd-refresh-select{height:28px;border:1px solid #d1d5db;border-radius:4px;background:#fff;color:#374151;padding:3px 6px;font-size:12px}
+.clicd-refresh-btn{height:28px;border:1px solid #2563eb;background:#2563eb;color:#fff;border-radius:4px;padding:3px 8px;font-size:12px;cursor:pointer;white-space:nowrap;max-width:96px;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}
+.clicd-refresh-btn[disabled]{opacity:.6;cursor:not-allowed}
+.clicd-gauges{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(150px,1fr));gap:12px}
+.clicd-gauge{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;min-height:92px}
+.clicd-ring{--p:0%;width:78px;height:78px;border-radius:50%;background:conic-gradient(#2f80ed var(--p),#e5e7eb 0);display:grid;place-items:center;flex:0 0 auto;position:relative}
+.clicd-ring:before{content:"";width:66px;height:66px;border-radius:50%;background:#fff;position:absolute}
+.clicd-ring span{position:relative;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;max-width:62px;min-width:0;font-size:17px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#111827;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;background:#fff;border-radius:3px;padding:0 1px}
+.clicd-ring[data-tight="1"] span{font-size:15px}
+.clicd-ring[data-tight="2"] span{font-size:14px}
+.clicd-gauge-title{font-weight:700;color:#111827;margin-bottom:4px}
+.clicd-gauge-sub{font-size:12px;color:#6b7280;line-height:1.45}
+.clicd-progress{height:12px;background:#e5e7eb;border-radius:999px;overflow:hidden}
+.clicd-progress span{display:block;height:100%;width:0;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#2f80ed,#10b981);transition:width .25s ease}
+.clicd-traffic-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:10px;align-items:center;margin-top:8px;color:#374151;min-width:0}
+.clicd-traffic-row>div{min-width:0;word-break:break-word}
+.clicd-charts{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(260px,1fr));gap:12px}
+.clicd-chart{border:1px solid #e5e7eb;border-radius:6px;padding:12px;background:#fff;min-height:190px;min-width:0;overflow:hidden}
+.clicd-chart-title{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;align-items:center;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px;color:#111827;min-width:0;flex-wrap:wrap}
+.clicd-chart-value{font-size:12px;color:#6b7280;font-weight:400;white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;text-align:right}
+.clicd-chart canvas{width:100%;height:132px;display:block}
+.clicd-table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;background:#fff}
+.clicd-table th,.clicd-table td{border:1px solid #e5e7eb;padding:8px;text-align:left}
+.clicd-table th{width:16%;background:#f9fafb;color:#374151;font-weight:600}
+.clicd-debug{display:none;margin-top:10px;padding:8px;background:#fff7ed;border:1px solid #fed7aa;color:#9a3412;border-radius:6px;font-size:12px}
+@media (max-width:640px){
+    .clicd-info{padding:10px}
+    .clicd-section-title{align-items:flex-start}
+    .clicd-refresh{justify-content:flex-start;width:100%}
+    .clicd-charts{grid-template-columns:1fr}
+    .clicd-table th,.clicd-table td{display:block;width:100%}
+    .clicd-ring{width:70px;height:70px}
+    .clicd-ring:before{width:60px;height:60px}
+    .clicd-ring span{max-width:56px;font-size:15px}
+}
+</style>
+
+<div class="clicd-info" data-clicd-info-root="1">
+    <div class="clicd-head">
+        <div class="clicd-mini">
+            <div class="clicd-mini-label">&#23454;&#20363;&#21517;&#31216;</div>
+            <div class="clicd-mini-value">{$container.name|default='-'}</div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="clicd-mini">
+            <div class="clicd-mini-label">&#36816;&#34892;&#29366;&#24577;</div>
+            <div class="clicd-mini-value">{$status_text|default='-'}</div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="clicd-mini">
+            <div class="clicd-mini-label">SSH &#22320;&#22336;</div>
+            <div class="clicd-mini-value">{$ssh_host|default='-'}:{$ssh_port|default='-'}</div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="clicd-mini">
+            <div class="clicd-mini-label">IPv6</div>
+            <div class="clicd-mini-value">{$ipv6|default='-'}</div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="clicd-section">
+        <div class="clicd-section-title">
+            <span>&#29366;&#24577;</span>
+            <span class="clicd-refresh">
+                <span>&#26356;&#26032;&#20110; <span data-clicd-info="chart_time">-</span></span>
+                <label>
+                    &#33258;&#21160;&#21047;&#26032;
+                    <select class="clicd-refresh-select" id="clicd-info-refresh">
+                        <option value="0" selected>&#19981;&#21047;&#26032;</option>
+                        <option value="10000">10 &#31186;</option>
+                        <option value="60000">1 &#20998;&#38047;</option>
+                        <option value="300000">5 &#20998;&#38047;</option>
+                        <option value="600000">10 &#20998;&#38047;</option>
+                    </select>
+                </label>
+                <button class="clicd-refresh-btn" type="button" id="clicd-info-refresh-now">&#31435;&#21363;&#21047;&#26032;</button>
+            </span>
+        </div>
+        <div class="clicd-gauges">
+            <div class="clicd-gauge">
+                <div class="clicd-ring" data-gauge="cpu_percent"><span><span data-clicd-info="cpu_percent">0</span>%</span></div>
+                <div>
+                    <div class="clicd-gauge-title">CPU</div>
+                    <div class="clicd-gauge-sub" data-clicd-info="cpu_detail">-</div>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="clicd-gauge">
+                <div class="clicd-ring" data-gauge="mem_percent"><span><span data-clicd-info="mem_percent">0</span>%</span></div>
+                <div>
+                    <div class="clicd-gauge-title">&#20869;&#23384;</div>
+                    <div class="clicd-gauge-sub" data-clicd-info="mem_detail">-</div>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="clicd-gauge">
+                <div class="clicd-ring" data-gauge="load_percent"><span><span data-clicd-info="load_percent">0</span>%</span></div>
+                <div>
+                    <div class="clicd-gauge-title">&#36127;&#36733;</div>
+                    <div class="clicd-gauge-sub" data-clicd-info="load_detail">-</div>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="clicd-gauge">
+                <div class="clicd-ring" data-gauge="disk_percent"><span><span data-clicd-info="disk_percent">0</span>%</span></div>
+                <div>
+                    <div class="clicd-gauge-title">&#30913;&#30424;</div>
+                    <div class="clicd-gauge-sub" data-clicd-info="disk_detail">-</div>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div style="margin-top:14px">
+            <div class="clicd-traffic-row">
+                <div>&#26376;&#27969;&#37327;</div>
+                <div><span data-clicd-info="traffic_used_text">{$traffic_used_text|default='-'}</span> / <span data-clicd-info="traffic_limit_text">{$traffic_limit_text|default='-'}</span></div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="clicd-progress"><span data-progress="traffic_percent"></span></div>
+            <div class="clicd-traffic-row" style="font-size:12px;color:#6b7280">
+                <div>&#20837;&#31449; <span data-clicd-info="traffic_in_text">{$traffic_in_text|default='-'}</span></div>
+                <div>&#20986;&#31449; <span data-clicd-info="traffic_out_text">{$traffic_out_text|default='-'}</span></div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="clicd-section">
+        <div class="clicd-section-title"><span>&#32479;&#35745;&#20449;&#24687;</span></div>
+        <div class="clicd-charts">
+            <div class="clicd-chart">
+                <div class="clicd-chart-title">CPU &#20351;&#29992;&#29575; <span class="clicd-chart-value" data-clicd-info="cpu_detail">-</span></div>
+                <canvas data-chart="cpu_percent"></canvas>
+            </div>
+            <div class="clicd-chart">
+                <div class="clicd-chart-title">&#20869;&#23384;&#20351;&#29992; <span class="clicd-chart-value" data-clicd-info="mem_detail">-</span></div>
+                <canvas data-chart="mem_percent"></canvas>
+            </div>
+            <div class="clicd-chart">
+                <div class="clicd-chart-title">&#32593;&#32476;&#27969;&#37327; <span class="clicd-chart-value"><span data-clicd-info="net_in_rate">0 B/s</span> / <span data-clicd-info="net_out_rate">0 B/s</span></span></div>
+                <canvas data-chart="network"></canvas>
+            </div>
+            <div class="clicd-chart">
+                <div class="clicd-chart-title">&#30913;&#30424; IO <span class="clicd-chart-value"><span data-clicd-info="disk_read_rate">0 B/s</span> / <span data-clicd-info="disk_write_rate">0 B/s</span></span></div>
+                <canvas data-chart="diskio"></canvas>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="clicd-section">
+        <div class="clicd-section-title"><span>&#23454;&#20363;&#20449;&#24687;</span></div>
+        <table class="clicd-table">
+            <tbody>
+                <tr>
+                    <th>IPv4</th><td>{$ipv4|default='-'}</td>
+                    <th>&#29992;&#25143;&#21517;</th><td>root</td>
+                </tr>
+                <tr>
+                    <th>SSH &#31471;&#21475;</th><td>{$ssh_port|default='-'}</td>
+                    <th>SSH &#23494;&#30721;</th><td>{$ssh_password|default='-'}</td>
+                </tr>
+                <tr>
+                    <th>CPU</th><td>{$vcpu|default='-'} &#26680;</td>
+                    <th>&#20869;&#23384;</th><td>{$ram_mb|default='-'} MB</td>
+                </tr>
+                <tr>
+                    <th>&#30828;&#30424;</th><td>{$disk_gb|default='-'} GB</td>
+                    <th>&#24102;&#23485;</th><td>{$bandwidth|default='-'} Mbps</td>
+                </tr>
+                <tr>
+                    <th>&#21040;&#26399;&#26102;&#38388;</th><td colspan="3">{$expires_at|default='-'}</td>
+                </tr>
+            </tbody>
+        </table>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="clicd-debug" id="clicd-info-debug"></div>
+</div>
+
+<script>
+(function(){
+    var root = document.querySelector('[data-clicd-info-root="1"]:not([data-info-bound="1"])');
+    if (!root) return;
+    root.setAttribute('data-info-bound', '1');
+
+    var history = {
+        cpu_percent: [],
+        mem_percent: [],
+        network_in: [],
+        network_out: [],
+        disk_read: [],
+        disk_write: []
+    };
+    var maxPoints = 18;
+    var refreshTimer = null;
+
+    function endpoint() {
+        return "{$MODULE_CUSTOM_API}";
+    }
+
+    function number(value) {
+        var n = parseFloat(value);
+        return isFinite(n) ? n : 0;
+    }
+
+    function push(name, value) {
+        history[name].push(number(value));
+        if (history[name].length > maxPoints) history[name].shift();
+    }
+
+    function setText(key, value) {
+        root.querySelectorAll('[data-clicd-info="' + key + '"]').forEach(function(node){
+            if (typeof value !== 'object') node.textContent = value;
+        });
+    }
+
+    function setGauge(key, value) {
+        var pct = Math.max(0, Math.min(100, number(value)));
+        root.querySelectorAll('[data-gauge="' + key + '"]').forEach(function(node){
+            node.style.setProperty('--p', pct + '%');
+        });
+    }
+
+    function fitGaugeText() {
+        root.querySelectorAll('.clicd-ring').forEach(function(ring){
+            var label = ring.querySelector('span');
+            if (!label) return;
+            ring.removeAttribute('data-tight');
+            if (label.scrollWidth > label.clientWidth) {
+                ring.setAttribute('data-tight', '1');
+            }
+            if (label.scrollWidth > label.clientWidth) {
+                ring.setAttribute('data-tight', '2');
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    function setProgress(key, value) {
+        var pct = Math.max(0, Math.min(100, number(value)));
+        root.querySelectorAll('[data-progress="' + key + '"]').forEach(function(node){
+            node.style.width = pct + '%';
+        });
+    }
+
+    function draw(canvas, series, colors, maxValue) {
+        if (!canvas || !canvas.getContext) return;
+        var rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
+        var ratio = window.devicePixelRatio || 1;
+        var width = Math.max(220, Math.floor(rect.width || canvas.clientWidth || 220));
+        var height = Math.max(120, Math.floor(rect.height || canvas.clientHeight || 132));
+        if (canvas.width !== width * ratio || canvas.height !== height * ratio) {
+            canvas.width = width * ratio;
+            canvas.height = height * ratio;
+        }
+        var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
+        if (!ctx) return;
+        ctx.setTransform(ratio, 0, 0, ratio, 0, 0);
+        ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);
+        ctx.strokeStyle = '#e5e7eb';
+        ctx.lineWidth = 1;
+        for (var i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
+            var y = Math.round((height / 4) * i);
+            ctx.beginPath();
+            ctx.moveTo(0, y);
+            ctx.lineTo(width, y);
+            ctx.stroke();
+        }
+        series.forEach(function(values, idx){
+            if (!values.length) return;
+            var color = colors[idx] || '#2f80ed';
+            ctx.strokeStyle = color;
+            ctx.lineWidth = 2;
+            ctx.beginPath();
+            if (values.length === 1) {
+                var singleY = height - (Math.max(0, Math.min(maxValue, number(values[0]))) / maxValue) * (height - 6) - 3;
+                ctx.moveTo(0, singleY);
+                ctx.lineTo(width, singleY);
+                ctx.stroke();
+                ctx.fillStyle = color;
+                ctx.beginPath();
+                ctx.arc(width - 8, singleY, 3, 0, Math.PI * 2);
+                ctx.fill();
+                return;
+            }
+            values.forEach(function(value, i){
+                var x = values.length <= 1 ? width : (i / (values.length - 1)) * width;
+                var y = height - (Math.max(0, Math.min(maxValue, number(value))) / maxValue) * (height - 6) - 3;
+                if (i === 0) ctx.moveTo(x, y); else ctx.lineTo(x, y);
+            });
+            ctx.stroke();
+        });
+    }
+
+    function redraw() {
+        draw(root.querySelector('[data-chart="cpu_percent"]'), [history.cpu_percent], ['#2f80ed'], 100);
+        draw(root.querySelector('[data-chart="mem_percent"]'), [history.mem_percent], ['#10b981'], 100);
+        var netMax = Math.max(1, Math.max.apply(null, history.network_in.concat(history.network_out, [1])));
+        draw(root.querySelector('[data-chart="network"]'), [history.network_in, history.network_out], ['#2f80ed', '#f59e0b'], netMax);
+        var ioMax = Math.max(1, Math.max.apply(null, history.disk_read.concat(history.disk_write, [1])));
+        draw(root.querySelector('[data-chart="diskio"]'), [history.disk_read, history.disk_write], ['#10b981', '#ef4444'], ioMax);
+    }
+
+    function showInfoError(text) {
+        var debug = document.getElementById('clicd-info-debug');
+        if (debug) {
+            debug.style.display = 'block';
+            debug.textContent = text || 'info load failed';
+        }
+    }
+
+    function loadInfo() {
+        var refreshNow = document.getElementById('clicd-info-refresh-now');
+        if (refreshNow) refreshNow.disabled = true;
+        var body = new URLSearchParams();
+        body.set('id', '{$service_id}');
+        body.set('func', 'infoData');
+        fetch(endpoint(), {
+            method:'POST',
+            headers:{
+                'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
+                'Authorization':'JWT {$Think.get.jwt}'
+            },
+            credentials:'same-origin',
+            body: body.toString()
+        })
+            .then(function(res){ return res.json(); })
+            .then(function(json){
+                if (!json || (json.status !== 200 && json.status !== 'success') || !json.data) {
+                    showInfoError(json && json.msg ? json.msg : 'info load failed');
+                    return;
+                }
+                var data = json.data;
+                Object.keys(data).forEach(function(key){ setText(key, data[key]); });
+                ['cpu_percent','mem_percent','load_percent','disk_percent'].forEach(function(key){ setGauge(key, data[key]); });
+                fitGaugeText();
+                setProgress('traffic_percent', data.traffic_percent);
+                push('cpu_percent', data.cpu_percent);
+                push('mem_percent', data.mem_percent);
+                push('network_in', data.net_in_bps);
+                push('network_out', data.net_out_bps);
+                push('disk_read', data.disk_read_bps);
+                push('disk_write', data.disk_write_bps);
+                redraw();
+            })
+            .catch(function(error){
+                showInfoError(error && error.message ? error.message : 'info request failed');
+            })
+            .finally(function(){
+                if (refreshNow) refreshNow.disabled = false;
+            });
+    }
+
+    loadInfo();
+    var refreshSelect = document.getElementById('clicd-info-refresh');
+    var refreshNow = document.getElementById('clicd-info-refresh-now');
+    if (refreshNow) {
+        refreshNow.addEventListener('click', loadInfo);
+    }
+    if (refreshSelect) {
+        refreshSelect.addEventListener('change', function(){
+            if (refreshTimer) {
+                window.clearInterval(refreshTimer);
+                refreshTimer = null;
+            }
+            var ms = number(refreshSelect.value);
+            if (ms > 0) {
+                loadInfo();
+                refreshTimer = window.setInterval(loadInfo, ms);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    window.addEventListener('resize', function(){ window.setTimeout(function(){ fitGaugeText(); redraw(); }, 50); });
+})();
+</script>

Mofang/templates/nat.html

@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+<style>
+.clicd-nat-panel{font-size:14px;color:#1f2937}
+.clicd-nat-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(180px,1fr));gap:12px;margin-bottom:16px}
+.clicd-nat-card{border:1px solid #e5e7eb;border-radius:6px;padding:12px;background:#fff}
+.clicd-nat-label{color:#6b7280;font-size:12px;margin-bottom:4px}
+.clicd-nat-value{font-size:18px;font-weight:600;word-break:break-all}
+.clicd-nat-title{font-weight:600;margin:18px 0 8px}
+.clicd-nat-muted{color:#6b7280}
+.clicd-nat-form{border:1px solid #e5e7eb;border-radius:6px;background:#fff;padding:12px;margin-top:8px}
+.clicd-nat-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(150px,1fr));gap:10px;align-items:end}
+.clicd-nat-field label{display:block;color:#6b7280;font-size:12px;margin-bottom:4px}
+.clicd-nat-input,.clicd-nat-select{width:100%;height:34px;border:1px solid #d1d5db;border-radius:4px;padding:6px 8px;box-sizing:border-box}
+.clicd-nat-actions{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap}
+.clicd-nat-btn{height:34px;border:1px solid #2563eb;background:#2563eb;color:#fff;border-radius:4px;padding:0 12px;cursor:pointer}
+.clicd-nat-btn[disabled]{opacity:.6;cursor:not-allowed}
+.clicd-nat-btn-secondary{border-color:#d1d5db;background:#fff;color:#374151}
+.clicd-nat-btn-danger{border-color:#dc2626;background:#dc2626;color:#fff}
+.clicd-nat-list{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;margin-top:8px}
+.clicd-nat-item{border:1px solid #e5e7eb;border-radius:6px;background:#fff;padding:12px}
+.clicd-nat-message{border:1px solid #bfdbfe;background:#eff6ff;color:#1d4ed8;border-radius:6px;padding:10px 12px;margin-bottom:12px;display:none}
+.clicd-nat-message.error{border-color:#fecaca;background:#fef2f2;color:#b91c1c}
+.clicd-nat-debug{margin-top:12px;border:1px dashed #d1d5db;border-radius:6px;background:#f9fafb;padding:10px;color:#374151;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12px;display:none}
+.clicd-nat-modal-mask{position:fixed;inset:0;background:rgba(15,23,42,.42);display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;z-index:9999;padding:16px}
+.clicd-nat-modal{width:min(420px,100%);background:#fff;border-radius:6px;border:1px solid #e5e7eb;box-shadow:0 18px 48px rgba(15,23,42,.22);padding:16px}
+.clicd-nat-modal-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:700;color:#111827;margin-bottom:8px}
+.clicd-nat-modal-body{font-size:14px;color:#4b5563;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:14px}
+.clicd-nat-modal-actions{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;gap:8px}
+</style>
+
+<div class="clicd-nat-panel" id="clicd-nat-panel" data-service-id="{$service_id}" data-area-key="{$area_key}">
+    <div class="clicd-nat-message" id="clicd-nat-message"></div>
+
+    <div class="clicd-nat-grid">
+        <div class="clicd-nat-card">
+            <div class="clicd-nat-label">&#23454;&#20363;&#21517;&#31216;</div>
+            <div class="clicd-nat-value">{$container_name}</div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="clicd-nat-card">
+            <div class="clicd-nat-label">&#20844;&#32593;&#22320;&#22336;</div>
+            <div class="clicd-nat-value">{$nat_host}</div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="clicd-nat-card">
+            <div class="clicd-nat-label">SSH &#31471;&#21475;</div>
+            <div class="clicd-nat-value">{$ssh_port}</div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="clicd-nat-title">&#28155;&#21152;&#31471;&#21475;&#26144;&#23556;</div>
+    <div class="clicd-nat-form">
+        <div class="clicd-nat-row">
+            <div class="clicd-nat-field">
+                <label>&#20844;&#32593;&#31471;&#21475;</label>
+                <input class="clicd-nat-input" id="clicd-add-host-port" type="number" min="1" max="65535" placeholder="61320">
+            </div>
+            <div class="clicd-nat-field">
+                <label>&#23481;&#22120;&#31471;&#21475;</label>
+                <input class="clicd-nat-input" id="clicd-add-container-port" type="number" min="1" max="65535" placeholder="8080">
+            </div>
+            <div class="clicd-nat-field">
+                <label>&#21327;&#35758;</label>
+                <select class="clicd-nat-select" id="clicd-add-protocol">
+                    <option value="tcp">TCP</option>
+                    <option value="udp">UDP</option>
+                </select>
+            </div>
+            <div class="clicd-nat-field">
+                <label>&#35828;&#26126;</label>
+                <input class="clicd-nat-input" id="clicd-add-description" type="text" placeholder="HTTP">
+            </div>
+            <div class="clicd-nat-actions">
+                <button class="clicd-nat-btn" type="button" data-clicd-action="add">&#28155;&#21152;</button>
+                <button class="clicd-nat-btn clicd-nat-btn-secondary" type="button" data-clicd-action="random-port">&#33719;&#21462;&#38543;&#26426;&#31471;&#21475;</button>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="clicd-nat-title">&#29616;&#26377;&#31471;&#21475;&#26144;&#23556;</div>
+    <div id="clicd-nat-list" class="clicd-nat-list">
+        {if condition="empty($port_mappings)"}
+        <div class="clicd-nat-form clicd-nat-muted">&#26242;&#26080;&#31471;&#21475;&#26144;&#23556;</div>
+        {else/}
+        {foreach name="port_mappings" item="mapping"}
+        <div class="clicd-nat-item" data-index="{$mapping.index}">
+            <div class="clicd-nat-row">
+                <div class="clicd-nat-field">
+                    <label>&#32034;&#24341;</label>
+                    <div class="clicd-nat-value">{$mapping.index}</div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="clicd-nat-field">
+                    <label>&#20844;&#32593;&#35775;&#38382;</label>
+                    <div class="clicd-nat-value">{$nat_host}:{$mapping.host_port}</div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="clicd-nat-field">
+                    <label>&#20844;&#32593;&#31471;&#21475;</label>
+                    <input class="clicd-nat-input" data-field="host_port" type="number" min="1" max="65535" value="{$mapping.host_port}">
+                </div>
+                <div class="clicd-nat-field">
+                    <label>&#23481;&#22120;&#31471;&#21475;</label>
+                    <input class="clicd-nat-input" data-field="container_port" type="number" min="1" max="65535" value="{$mapping.container_port}">
+                </div>
+                <div class="clicd-nat-field">
+                    <label>&#21327;&#35758;</label>
+                    <select class="clicd-nat-select" data-field="protocol">
+                        <option value="tcp" {$mapping.tcp_selected}>TCP</option>
+                        <option value="udp" {$mapping.udp_selected}>UDP</option>
+                    </select>
+                </div>
+                <div class="clicd-nat-field">
+                    <label>&#35828;&#26126;</label>
+                    <input class="clicd-nat-input" data-field="description" type="text" value="{$mapping.description}">
+                </div>
+                <div class="clicd-nat-actions">
+                    <button class="clicd-nat-btn clicd-nat-btn-secondary" type="button" data-clicd-action="update">&#20445;&#23384;</button>
+                    <button class="clicd-nat-btn clicd-nat-btn-danger" type="button" data-clicd-action="delete">&#21024;&#38500;</button>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+        {/foreach}
+        {/if}
+    </div>
+
+    <pre class="clicd-nat-debug" id="clicd-nat-debug"></pre>
+    <div class="clicd-nat-modal-mask" id="clicd-nat-delete-modal">
+        <div class="clicd-nat-modal">
+            <div class="clicd-nat-modal-title">&#30830;&#35748;&#21024;&#38500;</div>
+            <div class="clicd-nat-modal-body" id="clicd-nat-delete-text">&#30830;&#35748;&#21024;&#38500;&#35813;&#31471;&#21475;&#26144;&#23556;&#65311;</div>
+            <div class="clicd-nat-modal-actions">
+                <button class="clicd-nat-btn clicd-nat-btn-secondary" type="button" id="clicd-nat-delete-cancel">&#21462;&#28040;</button>
+                <button class="clicd-nat-btn clicd-nat-btn-danger" type="button" id="clicd-nat-delete-confirm">&#21024;&#38500;</button>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</div>
+
+<script>
+(function(){
+    var panel = document.getElementById('clicd-nat-panel');
+    if (!panel || panel.getAttribute('data-bound') === '1') return;
+    panel.setAttribute('data-bound', '1');
+
+    var message = document.getElementById('clicd-nat-message');
+    var debugBox = document.getElementById('clicd-nat-debug');
+    var list = document.getElementById('clicd-nat-list');
+    var natHost = '{$nat_host}';
+    var deleteModal = document.getElementById('clicd-nat-delete-modal');
+    var deleteText = document.getElementById('clicd-nat-delete-text');
+    var deleteCancel = document.getElementById('clicd-nat-delete-cancel');
+    var deleteConfirm = document.getElementById('clicd-nat-delete-confirm');
+    var pendingDeletePayload = null;
+
+    function showMessage(type, text) {
+        message.className = 'clicd-nat-message' + (type === 'error' ? ' error' : '');
+        message.style.display = 'block';
+        message.textContent = text || '';
+    }
+
+    function showDebug(data) {
+        debugBox.style.display = 'block';
+        debugBox.textContent = JSON.stringify(data || {}, null, 2);
+    }
+
+    function endpoint() {
+        return "{$MODULE_CUSTOM_API}";
+    }
+
+    function field(item, name) {
+        return item.querySelector('[data-field="' + name + '"]');
+    }
+
+    function setBusy(busy) {
+        panel.querySelectorAll('button').forEach(function(btn){ btn.disabled = !!busy; });
+    }
+
+    function renderList(items) {
+        if (!Array.isArray(items) || items.length === 0) {
+            list.innerHTML = '<div class="clicd-nat-form clicd-nat-muted">&#26242;&#26080;&#31471;&#21475;&#26144;&#23556;</div>';
+            return;
+        }
+        list.innerHTML = items.map(function(item) {
+            var protocol = (item.protocol || 'tcp').toLowerCase();
+            var desc = escapeHtml(item.description || '');
+            var index = escapeHtml(String(item.index));
+            var hostPort = escapeHtml(String(item.host_port || ''));
+            var containerPort = escapeHtml(String(item.container_port || ''));
+            return '<div class="clicd-nat-item" data-index="' + index + '">' +
+                '<div class="clicd-nat-row">' +
+                '<div class="clicd-nat-field"><label>&#32034;&#24341;</label><div class="clicd-nat-value">' + index + '</div></div>' +
+                '<div class="clicd-nat-field"><label>&#20844;&#32593;&#35775;&#38382;</label><div class="clicd-nat-value">' + escapeHtml(natHost) + ':' + hostPort + '</div></div>' +
+                '<div class="clicd-nat-field"><label>&#20844;&#32593;&#31471;&#21475;</label><input class="clicd-nat-input" data-field="host_port" type="number" min="1" max="65535" value="' + hostPort + '"></div>' +
+                '<div class="clicd-nat-field"><label>&#23481;&#22120;&#31471;&#21475;</label><input class="clicd-nat-input" data-field="container_port" type="number" min="1" max="65535" value="' + containerPort + '"></div>' +
+                '<div class="clicd-nat-field"><label>&#21327;&#35758;</label><select class="clicd-nat-select" data-field="protocol">' +
+                '<option value="tcp"' + (protocol === 'tcp' ? ' selected' : '') + '>TCP</option>' +
+                '<option value="udp"' + (protocol === 'udp' ? ' selected' : '') + '>UDP</option>' +
+                '</select></div>' +
+                '<div class="clicd-nat-field"><label>&#35828;&#26126;</label><input class="clicd-nat-input" data-field="description" type="text" value="' + desc + '"></div>' +
+                '<div class="clicd-nat-actions"><button class="clicd-nat-btn clicd-nat-btn-secondary" type="button" data-clicd-action="update">&#20445;&#23384;</button>' +
+                '<button class="clicd-nat-btn clicd-nat-btn-danger" type="button" data-clicd-action="delete">&#21024;&#38500;</button></div>' +
+                '</div></div>';
+        }).join('');
+    }
+
+    function escapeHtml(value) {
+        return String(value)
+            .replace(/&/g, '&amp;')
+            .replace(/</g, '&lt;')
+            .replace(/>/g, '&gt;')
+            .replace(/"/g, '&quot;')
+            .replace(/'/g, '&#039;');
+    }
+
+    async function request(action, payload, silent) {
+        setBusy(true);
+        try {
+            var funcMap = {
+                'random-port': 'randomPort',
+                'add': 'addNat',
+                'update': 'updateNat',
+                'delete': 'deleteNat',
+                'list': 'natList'
+            };
+            var body = new URLSearchParams();
+            body.set('id', panel.getAttribute('data-service-id') || '');
+            body.set('func', funcMap[action] || action);
+            Object.keys(payload || {}).forEach(function(key){ body.set(key, payload[key]); });
+            var res = await fetch(endpoint(), {
+                method: 'POST',
+                headers: {
+                    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
+                    'Authorization': 'JWT {$Think.get.jwt}'
+                },
+                credentials: 'same-origin',
+                body: body.toString()
+            });
+            var text = await res.text();
+            var data;
+            try { data = JSON.parse(text); } catch (e) { data = {status:'error', msg:'\u975e JSON \u54cd\u5e94: ' + text}; }
+            showDebug((data.data && data.data.debug) || data.debug || data);
+            if (data.status === 200 || data.status === 'success') {
+                if (!silent) {
+                    showMessage('success', data.msg || '\u64cd\u4f5c\u6210\u529f');
+                }
+                if (data.data && data.data.port) {
+                    document.getElementById('clicd-add-host-port').value = data.data.port;
+                }
+                if (data.data && Array.isArray(data.data.port_mappings)) {
+                    renderList(data.data.port_mappings);
+                } else if (action !== 'random-port') {
+                    request('list', {}, true);
+                }
+            } else {
+                showMessage('error', data.msg || '\u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25');
+            }
+        } catch (e) {
+            showMessage('error', e.message || '\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25');
+            showDebug({error: String(e)});
+        } finally {
+            setBusy(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    function openDeleteModal(payload) {
+        pendingDeletePayload = payload;
+        if (deleteText) {
+            deleteText.textContent = '\u786e\u8ba4\u5220\u9664\u7aef\u53e3\u6620\u5c04 ' + natHost + ':' + (payload.host_port || '-') + ' -> ' + (payload.container_port || '-') + '/' + (payload.protocol || 'tcp') + ' \u5417\uff1f';
+        }
+        if (deleteModal) {
+            deleteModal.style.display = 'flex';
+        }
+    }
+
+    function closeDeleteModal() {
+        pendingDeletePayload = null;
+        if (deleteModal) {
+            deleteModal.style.display = 'none';
+        }
+    }
+
+    panel.addEventListener('click', function(event) {
+        var button = event.target.closest('[data-clicd-action]');
+        if (!button) return;
+        var action = button.getAttribute('data-clicd-action');
+        if (action === 'random-port') {
+            request('random-port', {});
+            return;
+        }
+        if (action === 'add') {
+            request('add', {
+                host_port: document.getElementById('clicd-add-host-port').value,
+                container_port: document.getElementById('clicd-add-container-port').value,
+                protocol: document.getElementById('clicd-add-protocol').value,
+                description: document.getElementById('clicd-add-description').value
+            });
+            return;
+        }
+        var item = button.closest('.clicd-nat-item');
+        if (!item) return;
+        var payload = {
+            index: item.getAttribute('data-index'),
+            host_port: field(item, 'host_port') ? field(item, 'host_port').value : '',
+            container_port: field(item, 'container_port') ? field(item, 'container_port').value : '',
+            protocol: field(item, 'protocol') ? field(item, 'protocol').value : 'tcp',
+            description: field(item, 'description') ? field(item, 'description').value : ''
+        };
+        if (action === 'delete') {
+            openDeleteModal(payload);
+            return;
+        }
+        request(action, payload);
+    });
+
+    if (deleteCancel) {
+        deleteCancel.addEventListener('click', closeDeleteModal);
+    }
+    if (deleteModal) {
+        deleteModal.addEventListener('click', function(event){
+            if (event.target === deleteModal) closeDeleteModal();
+        });
+    }
+    if (deleteConfirm) {
+        deleteConfirm.addEventListener('click', function(){
+            if (!pendingDeletePayload) return;
+            var payload = pendingDeletePayload;
+            closeDeleteModal();
+            request('delete', payload);
+        });
+    }
+})();
+</script>

README.md

@@ -2,56 +2,120 @@
   <img src="frontend/public/favicon.svg" width="96" alt="CLICD">
 </p>
 
-<h1 align="center">CLICD</h1>
+<h1 align="center">CLICD <sub></sub></h1>
 
 <p align="center">
-  <img alt="Go" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-1.22-00ADD8?style=flat-square&logo=go&logoColor=white">
+  <img alt="Go" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-1.24-00ADD8?style=flat-square&logo=go&logoColor=white">
   <img alt="React" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/React-18-61DAFB?style=flat-square&logo=react&logoColor=111111">
   <img alt="TypeScript" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/TypeScript-5-3178C6?style=flat-square&logo=typescript&logoColor=white">
   <img alt="Vite" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Vite-5-646CFF?style=flat-square&logo=vite&logoColor=white">
   <img alt="Tailwind CSS" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Tailwind_CSS-3-06B6D4?style=flat-square&logo=tailwindcss&logoColor=white">
-  <img alt="LXC" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/LXC-container-111111?style=flat-square">
+  <img alt="LXC" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/LXC-Supported-111111?style=flat-square">
+  <img alt="KVM" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/KVM-Supported-EE0000?style=flat-square">
 </p>
 
-CLICD 是一个面向 LXC 的轻量容器管理面板，提供 Web 控制台、CLI、批量任务、镜像管理、NAT 端口、IPv6 分配、WebSSH、资源限制、流量限制和安全告警能力。它适合用来管理小型 VPS 上的 LXC 容器，也适合需要批量创建和分发子用户管理链接的场景。
+<p align="center">
+  <img alt="WebSSH" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/WebSSH-Built--in-009688?style=flat-square">
+  <img alt="VNC" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/VNC-Supported-7B1FA2?style=flat-square">
+  <img alt="IPv6" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/IPv6-Native-1976D2?style=flat-square">
+  <img alt="NAT" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/NAT-Port_Forwarding-FF9800?style=flat-square">
+  <img alt="REST API" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/API-REST-4CAF50?style=flat-square">
+  <img alt="Multi User" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Multi_User-Supported-8E24AA?style=flat-square">
+  <img alt="Traffic Control" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Traffic-Control-795548?style=flat-square">
+  <img alt="Security Alert" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Security-Alert-orange?style=flat-square">
+  <img alt="CLI" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/CLI-Mode-424242?style=flat-square">
+  <img alt="TLS" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/TLS-Let's_Encrypt-003A70?style=flat-square&logo=letsencrypt&logoColor=white">
+</p>
 
-## 功能介绍
+CLICD is a lightweight virtualization management panel for LXC and KVM. It combines a web console, CLI tools, REST API, NAT/IPv6 networking, WebSSH/WebVNC access, resource quotas, traffic limits, snapshots, delegated sub-user access, and security alerts into a single deployable service.
 
-1. 支持 Ubuntu、Debian、Alpine、CentOS、Arch Linux、Fedora、Rocky Linux 等系统镜像。镜像可以在镜像管理中按需下载；如果宿主机资源比较小，建议优先选择 Alpine 这类轻量镜像。
-2. 支持 WebSSH 管理，可以在浏览器里一键进入容器终端，不需要手动复制 SSH 密码。
-3. 支持子用户管理链接，管理员可以把指定容器分发给拼车用户，子用户只能管理自己被授权的容器。
-4. 支持设置 NAT4 端口数量、NAT 端口映射和协议限制，并支持分配公网 IPv6。IPv6 分配要求宿主机本身拥有可路由的 IPv6 地址段。
-5. 支持超售容量估算。宿主机控制页提供 KSM 合并、Swap 倾向和 cgroup v2 `memory.reclaim` 一次性回收能力；不会展示 LXC 下无实际通用效果的内存气球回收开关。
-6. 支持 API 接入，可以通过 API 完成容器、任务、镜像、端口、流量、安全告警等功能的自动化控制。
-7. 支持仅使用 CLI 管理。需要关闭 Web 控制台时，可以停止并禁用 systemd 服务，然后使用 `clicd cli --no-web` 进入命令行模式。
-8. 支持设置容器有效期。到期后容器会自动关机，子用户无法继续操作，只有管理员重新设置延期日期后才能恢复使用。
-9. 支持单向和双向网络流量限制。达到限制后容器会自动关机，避免流量超额。
-10. 内置基于 conntrack 的轻量安全告警。系统不会保存完整正常连接日志，但会对端口扫描、横向扫描、爆破倾向、SMTP 滥用、UDP 反射、挖矿端口、代理/VPN/Tor 等可疑行为生成告警并写入审计日志。
+CLICD 是一个面向 LXC/KVM 的轻量虚拟化管理面板，集成 Web 控制台、CLI、REST API、NAT/IPv6 网络、WebSSH/WebVNC、资源配额、流量限制、快照、子用户授权和安全告警能力，适合 VPS 商家、实验室、开发者自建虚拟化节点以及需要批量开通容器的场景。
 
-## 技术栈
+![alt text](/img/image-1.png)
 
-- Backend: Go, net/http, LXC, cgroup v2, iptables, conntrack
-- Frontend: React, TypeScript, Vite, Tailwind CSS, lucide-react, xterm.js
-- Runtime: Linux, systemd, LXC
-- Build: GitHub Actions, Node.js 20, Go 1.22
+## Installation / 安装
 
-## 安装
-
-一键安装：
+One-click Install / 一键安装：
 
 ```bash
 curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MengMengCode/CLICD/main/install.sh | sudo sh
 ```
 
-一键卸载：
+One-click Uninstall / 一键卸载：
 
 ```bash
 curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MengMengCode/CLICD/main/install.sh | sudo sh -s -- uninstall
 ```
 
-![alt text](/img/image.png)
-![alt text](/img/image-1.png)
+
+
+## Features / 功能介绍
+
+### English
+
+| Area | What CLICD provides |
+| --- | --- |
+| Virtualization | Manage LXC containers and KVM virtual machines from one panel, including create, reinstall, start, stop, restart, delete, password reset, expiry control, and batch actions. |
+| Images and templates | Built-in template and image management for Ubuntu, Debian, Alpine, CentOS, Arch Linux, Fedora, Rocky Linux, and other common distributions. Images can be enabled, disabled, downloaded, cancelled, or removed from cache. |
+| Networking | NAT4 port quotas, random available port allocation, TCP/UDP port mappings, public IPv4 pool management, IPv6 prefix detection, IPv6 status checks, and per-container IPv6 assignment. |
+| Resource control | CPU, memory, disk, swap, bandwidth usage, traffic reset, traffic limit, and resource limit management, with automatic shutdown behavior for expired or over-quota containers. |
+| Console access | Browser-based WebSSH and WebVNC ticket access, so users can open terminals or consoles without manually exchanging credentials. |
+| Snapshots | Snapshot overview, per-container snapshots, create/delete/restore operations, scheduled snapshots, and quota controls. |
+| Security | Conntrack-based security alerts for port scans, lateral scans, brute-force behavior, SMTP abuse, UDP reflection, mining ports, proxy/VPN/Tor usage, plus security logs, summaries, and configurable settings. |
+| Accounts and audit | Delegated sub-user links, sub-user password rotation, per-user container permissions, audit logs, login logs, and API key management. |
+| Automation | Versioned REST API under `/api/v1`, task queue endpoints, batch create/action endpoints, and a Mofang finance integration module packaged automatically by GitHub Actions. |
+| Operations | Dashboard statistics, host resource overview, routing overview, swap management, CLI-only mode, and release artifacts generated by GitHub Actions. |
+
+### 中文
+
+| 模块 | CLICD 提供的能力 |
+| --- | --- |
+| 虚拟化管理 | 在同一个面板里管理 LXC 容器和 KVM 虚拟机，支持创建、重装、开机、关机、重启、删除、重置密码、到期时间和批量操作。 |
+| 镜像与模板 | 内置模板和镜像管理，支持 Ubuntu、Debian、Alpine、CentOS、Arch Linux、Fedora、Rocky Linux 等常见发行版，镜像可按需下载、取消、启用、禁用和清理缓存。 |
+| 网络能力 | 支持 NAT4 端口配额、随机可用端口、TCP/UDP 端口映射、公网 IPv4 池管理、IPv6 前缀检测、IPv6 状态检查和容器级 IPv6 分配。 |
+| 资源限制 | 支持 CPU、内存、磁盘、Swap、独立上行/下行带宽、读/写 I/O 限速、流量重置、流量限制和资源限制管理；容器到期或超额后可自动关机，避免资源和流量失控。 |
+| 远程控制 | 内置 WebSSH 和 WebVNC 票据访问，用户可以直接在浏览器打开终端或控制台，不需要手动复制连接信息。 |
+| 快照能力 | 支持快照总览、容器快照、创建快照、删除快照、恢复快照、计划快照和快照配额。 |
+| 安全告警 | 基于 conntrack 做轻量安全检测，可识别端口扫描、横向扫描、爆破倾向、SMTP 滥用、UDP 反射、挖矿端口、代理/VPN/Tor 等风险，并提供安全日志、汇总和设置项。 |
+| 账号与审计 | 支持子用户管理链接、子用户密码轮换、按容器授权、操作日志、登录日志和 API Key 管理，适合分发给下游用户或拼车用户。 |
+| 自动化接入 | 全量接口统一使用 `/api/v1`，覆盖任务队列、容器、镜像、网络、流量、安全、批量创建和批量操作；同时提供魔方财务对接模块，并由 GitHub Actions 自动打包发布。 |
+| 运维入口 | 提供总览统计、主机资源、路由概览、Swap 管理、CLI-only 模式和 GitHub Actions 自动发布产物，便于在小型节点上长期维护。 |
+
+## Technology Stack / 技术栈
+
+- Backend: Go, net/http, LXC, KVM/libvirt, cgroup v2, iptables, conntrack
+- Frontend: React, TypeScript, Vite, Tailwind CSS, lucide-react, xterm.js
+- Runtime: Linux, systemd, LXC, KVM/QEMU
+- Build: GitHub Actions, Node.js 20, Go 1.24
+
+## Preview / 预览
 ![alt text](/img/image-2.png)
+![alt text](/img/image-3.png)
+![alt text](/img/image-4.png)
+![alt text](/img/image-5.png)
+
+
+## Disclaimer/免责声明
+
+This open-source software does not distribute Windows system images, nor does it provide any means to bypass or circumvent Windows activation mechanisms.
+
+All download links provided within the software point to resources officially supplied by Microsoft. Users of this software are responsible for obtaining the appropriate licenses from Microsoft before using any Windows operating system downloaded through these links. This project does not bypass activation requirements for installed systems, nor does it assume any responsibility for the consequences of users' actions when using this software.
+
+This open-source software is intended solely for educational purposes, specifically for learning the principles of LXC and KVM. The copyright for the Windows logo and related icons belongs to Microsoft/Windows.
+
+本开源软件不提供任何 Windows 操作系统镜像的分发服务，也不包含任何绕过、破解或免除 Windows 激活机制的功能。
+
+软件内涉及的 Windows 系统下载链接均由微软官方提供。使用者在下载、安装和使用相关 Windows 系统时，应自行向微软或其授权渠道购买并获得相应的软件许可。本项目不会对安装后的 Windows 系统进行任何形式的激活绕过、破解或免激活处理。
+
+对于使用者因使用本软件而产生的任何行为及其后果，包括但不限于软件许可、系统使用、数据丢失、法律责任或其他相关问题，本项目及其开发者不承担任何责任。
+
+本开源软件仅供学习和研究 LXC、KVM 等虚拟化技术原理之目的使用，不得用于任何违反适用法律法规、软件许可协议或第三方权益的行为。
+
+本软件中涉及的 Windows 名称、标识、图标及相关知识产权均归 Microsoft Corporation 及其权利人所有。本项目与微软公司不存在任何关联、授权或合作关系。
+## Thanks / 鸣谢
+- [Nodeseek.com](https://www.nodeseek.com) — 一个专注于服务器的社区
+- [Linux.do](https://linux.do) — 一个充满灵感的科技社区
+
 
 ## Star History
 
@@ -61,4 +125,4 @@ curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MengMengCode/CLICD/main/install.sh
    <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://api.star-history.com/chart?repos=MengMengCode/CLICD&type=date&legend=top-left" />
    <img alt="Star History Chart" src="https://api.star-history.com/chart?repos=MengMengCode/CLICD&type=date&legend=top-left" />
  </picture>
-</a>
+</a>

backend/go.mod

@@ -1,12 +1,31 @@
 module clicd
 
-go 1.22.0
+go 1.25.0
 
 require (
-	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.2.1
+	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.2.2
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.28.0
-	golang.org/x/term v0.28.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.52.0
+	golang.org/x/term v0.43.0
 )
 
-require golang.org/x/sys v0.29.0 // indirect
+require (
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.45.0
+	modernc.org/sqlite v1.29.10
+)
+
+require (
+	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
+	github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v0.1.9 // indirect
+	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20231108232855-2478ac86f678 // indirect
+	modernc.org/gc/v3 v3.0.0-20240107210532-573471604cb6 // indirect
+	modernc.org/libc v1.61.13 // indirect
+	modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 // indirect
+	modernc.org/memory v1.8.2 // indirect
+	modernc.org/strutil v1.2.1 // indirect
+	modernc.org/token v1.1.0 // indirect
+)

backend/go.sum

@@ -1,10 +1,61 @@
-github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.2.1 h1:OuVbFODueb089Lh128TAcimifWaLhJwVflnrgM17wHk=
-github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.2.1/go.mod h1:pqrtFR0X4osieyHYxtmOUWsAWrfe1Q5UVIyoH402zdk=
+github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 h1:GzkhY7T5VNhEkwH0PVJgjz+fX1rhBrR7pRT3mDkpeCY=
+github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1/go.mod h1:Mu1zIs6XwVuF/gI1OepvI0qD18qycQx+mFykh5fBlto=
+github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.2.2 h1:Rl4B7itRWVtYIHFrSNd7vhTiz9UpLdi6gZhZ3wEeDy8=
+github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.2.2/go.mod h1:pqrtFR0X4osieyHYxtmOUWsAWrfe1Q5UVIyoH402zdk=
+github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20240409012703-83162a5b38cd h1:gbpYu9NMq8jhDVbvlGkMFWCjLFlqqEZjEmObmhUy6Vo=
+github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20240409012703-83162a5b38cd/go.mod h1:kf6iHlnVGwgKolg33glAes7Yg/8iWP8ukqeldJSO7jw=
+github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
+github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3 h1:saDtZ6Pbx/0u+bgYQ3q96pZgCzfhKXGPqt7kZ72aNNg=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3/go.mod h1:YR8l580nyteQvAITg2hZ9XVh4b55+EU/adAjf1fMHhE=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.28.0 h1:GBDwsMXVQi34v5CCYUm2jkJvu4cbtru2U4TN2PSyQnw=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.28.0/go.mod h1:rmgy+3RHxRZMyY0jjAJShp2zgEdOqj2AO7U0pYmeQ7U=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.29.0 h1:TPYlXGxvx1MGTn2GiZDhnjPA9wZzZeGKHHmKhHYvgaU=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.29.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
-golang.org/x/term v0.28.0 h1:/Ts8HFuMR2E6IP/jlo7QVLZHggjKQbhu/7H0LJFr3Gg=
-golang.org/x/term v0.28.0/go.mod h1:Sw/lC2IAUZ92udQNf3WodGtn4k/XoLyZoh8v/8uiwek=
+github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7 h1:a+bsQ5rvGLjzHuww6tVxozPZFVghXaHOwFs4luLUK2k=
+github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7/go.mod h1:QeFd9opnmA6QUJc5vARoKUSoFhyfM2/ZepoAG6RGpeM=
+github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 h1:xfD0iDuEKnDkl03q4limB+vH+GxLEtL/jb4xVJSWWEY=
+github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20/go.mod h1:W+V8PltTTMOvKvAeJH7IuucS94S2C6jfK/D7dTCTo3Y=
+github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v0.1.9 h1:bY0MQC28UADQmHmaF5dgpLmImcShSi2kHU9XLdhx/f4=
+github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v0.1.9/go.mod h1:Fwc5htZGVVkseilnfgOVb9mKy6w1naJmn9CehxcKcls=
+github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
+github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
+github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec h1:W09IVJc94icq4NjY3clb7Lk8O1qJ8BdBEF8z0ibU0rE=
+github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec/go.mod h1:qqbHyh8v60DhA7CoWK5oRCqLrMHRGoxYCSS9EjAz6Eo=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.52.0 h1:RMs7fP2rXdep0CftQlK8Uf+kibLm7qkCcradZWYz988=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.52.0/go.mod h1:1QgfPxDqh0T2M/elOJtp9RvuR95kVjir0e6/BvEmGbc=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20231108232855-2478ac86f678 h1:mchzmB1XO2pMaKFRqk/+MV3mgGG96aqaPXaMifQU47w=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20231108232855-2478ac86f678/go.mod h1:zk2irFbV9DP96SEBUUAy67IdHUaZuSnrz1n472HUCLE=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.19.0 h1:fEdghXQSo20giMthA7cd28ZC+jts4amQ3YMXiP5oMQ8=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.19.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 h1:YsImfSBoP9QPYL0xyKJPq0gcaJdG3rInoqxTWbfQu9M=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.45.0 h1:dO4czNzziLiiXplLQgBCEpCvXQ3dnkn0SdaZSYdQ+FY=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.45.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
+golang.org/x/term v0.43.0 h1:S4RLU2sB31O/NCl+zFN9Aru9A/Cq2aqKpTZJ6B+DwT4=
+golang.org/x/term v0.43.0/go.mod h1:lrhlHNdQJHO+1qVYiHfFKVuVioJIheAc3fBSMFYEIsk=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.23.0 h1:SGsXPZ+2l4JsgaCKkx+FQ9YZ5XEtA1GZYuoDjenLjvg=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.23.0/go.mod h1:pnu6ufv6vQkll6szChhK3C3L/ruaIv5eBeztNG8wtsI=
+modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.24.4 h1:TFkx1s6dCkQpd6dKurBNmpo+G8Zl4Sq/ztJ+2+DEsh0=
+modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.24.4/go.mod h1:uVtb5OGqUKpoLWhqwNQo/8LwvoiEBLvZXIQ/SmO6mL0=
+modernc.org/ccgo/v4 v4.23.16 h1:Z2N+kk38b7SfySC1ZkpGLN2vthNJP1+ZzGZIlH7uBxo=
+modernc.org/ccgo/v4 v4.23.16/go.mod h1:nNma8goMTY7aQZQNTyN9AIoJfxav4nvTnvKThAeMDdo=
+modernc.org/fileutil v1.3.0 h1:gQ5SIzK3H9kdfai/5x41oQiKValumqNTDXMvKo62HvE=
+modernc.org/fileutil v1.3.0/go.mod h1:XatxS8fZi3pS8/hKG2GH/ArUogfxjpEKs3Ku3aK4JyQ=
+modernc.org/gc/v2 v2.6.3 h1:aJVhcqAte49LF+mGveZ5KPlsp4tdGdAOT4sipJXADjw=
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+modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 h1:GCZVGXdaN8gTqB1Mf/usp1Y/hSqgI2vAGGP4jZMCxOU=
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+modernc.org/memory v1.8.2 h1:cL9L4bcoAObu4NkxOlKWBWtNHIsnnACGF/TbqQ6sbcI=
+modernc.org/memory v1.8.2/go.mod h1:ZbjSvMO5NQ1A2i3bWeDiVMxIorXwdClKE/0SZ+BMotU=
+modernc.org/opt v0.1.4 h1:2kNGMRiUjrp4LcaPuLY2PzUfqM/w9N23quVwhKt5Qm8=
+modernc.org/opt v0.1.4/go.mod h1:03fq9lsNfvkYSfxrfUhZCWPk1lm4cq4N+Bh//bEtgns=
+modernc.org/sortutil v1.2.1 h1:+xyoGf15mM3NMlPDnFqrteY07klSFxLElE2PVuWIJ7w=
+modernc.org/sortutil v1.2.1/go.mod h1:7ZI3a3REbai7gzCLcotuw9AC4VZVpYMjDzETGsSMqJE=
+modernc.org/sqlite v1.29.10 h1:3u93dz83myFnMilBGCOLbr+HjklS6+5rJLx4q86RDAg=
+modernc.org/sqlite v1.29.10/go.mod h1:ItX2a1OVGgNsFh6Dv60JQvGfJfTPHPVpV6DF59akYOA=
+modernc.org/strutil v1.2.1 h1:UneZBkQA+DX2Rp35KcM69cSsNES9ly8mQWD71HKlOA0=
+modernc.org/strutil v1.2.1/go.mod h1:EHkiggD70koQxjVdSBM3JKM7k6L0FbGE5eymy9i3B9A=
+modernc.org/token v1.1.0 h1:Xl7Ap9dKaEs5kLoOQeQmPWevfnk/DM5qcLcYlA8ys6Y=
+modernc.org/token v1.1.0/go.mod h1:UGzOrNV1mAFSEB63lOFHIpNRUVMvYTc6yu1SMY/XTDM=

backend/internal/api/apikey.go

@@ -2,122 +2,293 @@ package api
 
 import (
 	"crypto/rand"
-	"crypto/sha256"
 	"crypto/subtle"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"clicd/internal/config"
+
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/argon2"
 )
 
 type ApiKey struct {
-	ID          string `json:"id"`
-	Name        string `json:"name"`
-	Key         string `json:"key,omitempty"`
-	Prefix      string `json:"prefix"`
-	IPWhitelist string `json:"ip_whitelist"`
-	CreatedAt   string `json:"created_at"`
-	LastUsed    string `json:"last_used"`
+	ID             string   `json:"id"`
+	Name           string   `json:"name"`
+	Key            string   `json:"key,omitempty"`
+	Prefix         string   `json:"prefix"`
+	IPWhitelist    string   `json:"ip_whitelist"`
+	CreatedAt      string   `json:"created_at"`
+	LastUsed       string   `json:"last_used"`
+	Scopes         []string `json:"scopes,omitempty"`
+	ExpiresAt      string   `json:"expires_at,omitempty"`
+	Disabled       bool     `json:"disabled,omitempty"`
+	ContainerUUIDs []string `json:"container_uuids,omitempty"`
+	LastUsedIP     string   `json:"last_used_ip,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type apiKeyRequest struct {
+	Name           string   `json:"name"`
+	IPWhitelist    string   `json:"ip_whitelist"`
+	Scopes         []string `json:"scopes"`
+	ExpiresAt      string   `json:"expires_at"`
+	Disabled       bool     `json:"disabled"`
+	ContainerUUIDs []string `json:"container_uuids"`
+}
+
+var defaultApiKeyScopes = []string{
+	"dashboard:read",
+	"container:read",
+	"task:read",
+	"image:read",
+	"snapshot:read",
+	"routing:read",
+	"ipv6:read",
+	"host:read",
 }
 
 // HandleApiKeys handles GET (list) and POST (create) for API keys
 func HandleApiKeys(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	switch r.Method {
 	case http.MethodGet:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "apikey:read") {
+			return
+		}
 		listApiKeys(w, r)
 	case http.MethodPost:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "apikey:create") {
+			return
+		}
 		createApiKey(w, r)
 	default:
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 	}
 }
 
-// HandleApiKeyDelete handles DELETE for a specific API key
+// HandleApiKeyDelete handles PATCH and DELETE for a specific API key
 func HandleApiKeyDelete(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	if r.Method != http.MethodDelete {
+	switch r.Method {
+	case http.MethodPatch:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "apikey:update") {
+			return
+		}
+		updateApiKey(w, r)
+	case http.MethodDelete:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "apikey:delete") {
+			return
+		}
+		deleteApiKey(w, r)
+	default:
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
-		return
 	}
-	keyID := strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/api/api-keys/")
-	if keyID == "" {
-		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Key ID required"})
-		return
-	}
-	config.DeleteApiKey(keyID)
-	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "API key deleted"})
+}
+
+func apiKeyIDFromPath(path string) string {
+	path = strings.TrimPrefix(path, "/api/api-keys/")
+	path = strings.TrimPrefix(path, "/api/v1/api-keys/")
+	return strings.Trim(path, "/")
 }
 
 func listApiKeys(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	keys := make([]ApiKey, 0)
 	for _, k := range config.AppConfig.ApiKeys {
-		keys = append(keys, ApiKey{
-			ID:          k.ID,
-			Name:        k.Name,
-			Prefix:      k.Prefix,
-			IPWhitelist: k.IPWhitelist,
-			CreatedAt:   k.CreatedAt,
-			LastUsed:    k.LastUsed,
-		})
+		keys = append(keys, apiKeyResponse(k))
 	}
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: keys})
 }
 
 func createApiKey(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	var req struct {
-		Name        string `json:"name"`
-		IPWhitelist string `json:"ip_whitelist"`
-	}
-	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil || req.Name == "" {
+	var req apiKeyRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil || strings.TrimSpace(req.Name) == "" {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Name is required"})
 		return
 	}
+	if req.ExpiresAt != "" && !validApiKeyTime(req.ExpiresAt) {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid expiration date"})
+		return
+	}
 
 	// Generate key: clicd_sk_ + 32 hex chars
 	rawBytes := make([]byte, 16)
-	rand.Read(rawBytes)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(rawBytes); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Failed to generate API key"})
+		return
+	}
 	rawKey := "clicd_sk_" + hex.EncodeToString(rawBytes)
 
+	keyHash, err := hashAPIKey(rawKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Failed to store API key"})
+		return
+	}
+
 	now := time.Now().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
+	scopes := normalizeRequestedScopes(req.Scopes, defaultApiKeyScopes)
 	key := config.ApiKeyConfig{
-		ID:          generateShortID(),
-		Name:        req.Name,
-		KeyHash:     hashKey(rawKey),
-		Prefix:      rawKey[:13] + "...",
-		IPWhitelist: strings.TrimSpace(req.IPWhitelist),
-		CreatedAt:   now,
+		ID:             generateShortID(),
+		Name:           strings.TrimSpace(req.Name),
+		KeyHash:        keyHash,
+		Prefix:         rawKey[:13] + "...",
+		IPWhitelist:    strings.TrimSpace(req.IPWhitelist),
+		CreatedAt:      now,
+		Scopes:         scopes,
+		ExpiresAt:      strings.TrimSpace(req.ExpiresAt),
+		Disabled:       req.Disabled,
+		ContainerUUIDs: normalizeStringSlice(req.ContainerUUIDs),
 	}
 	config.AppConfig.ApiKeys = append(config.AppConfig.ApiKeys, key)
-	config.SaveConfig()
+	if err := config.SaveConfig(); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Failed to save API key"})
+		return
+	}
+	auditRequest(r, "apikey.create", key.Name, "scopes="+strings.Join(key.Scopes, ","), true, "")
 
+	resp := apiKeyResponse(key)
+	resp.Key = rawKey
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusCreated, APIResponse{
 		Success: true,
 		Message: "API key created. Save this key now - it won't be shown again.",
-		Data: ApiKey{
-			ID:          key.ID,
-			Name:        key.Name,
-			Key:         rawKey,
-			Prefix:      key.Prefix,
-			IPWhitelist: key.IPWhitelist,
-			CreatedAt:   key.CreatedAt,
-		},
+		Data:    resp,
 	})
 }
 
+func updateApiKey(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	keyID := apiKeyIDFromPath(r.URL.Path)
+	if keyID == "" {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Key ID required"})
+		return
+	}
+	var req apiKeyRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid request body"})
+		return
+	}
+	if req.ExpiresAt != "" && !validApiKeyTime(req.ExpiresAt) {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid expiration date"})
+		return
+	}
+	for i := range config.AppConfig.ApiKeys {
+		if config.AppConfig.ApiKeys[i].ID != keyID {
+			continue
+		}
+		if strings.TrimSpace(req.Name) != "" {
+			config.AppConfig.ApiKeys[i].Name = strings.TrimSpace(req.Name)
+		}
+		config.AppConfig.ApiKeys[i].IPWhitelist = strings.TrimSpace(req.IPWhitelist)
+		if len(req.Scopes) > 0 {
+			config.AppConfig.ApiKeys[i].Scopes = normalizeStringSlice(req.Scopes)
+		}
+		config.AppConfig.ApiKeys[i].ExpiresAt = strings.TrimSpace(req.ExpiresAt)
+		config.AppConfig.ApiKeys[i].Disabled = req.Disabled
+		config.AppConfig.ApiKeys[i].ContainerUUIDs = normalizeStringSlice(req.ContainerUUIDs)
+		if err := config.SaveConfig(); err != nil {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Failed to save API key"})
+			return
+		}
+		auditRequest(r, "apikey.update", config.AppConfig.ApiKeys[i].Name, "scopes="+strings.Join(config.AppConfig.ApiKeys[i].Scopes, ","), true, "")
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: apiKeyResponse(config.AppConfig.ApiKeys[i])})
+		return
+	}
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "API key not found"})
+}
+
+func deleteApiKey(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	keyID := apiKeyIDFromPath(r.URL.Path)
+	if keyID == "" {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Key ID required"})
+		return
+	}
+	name := keyID
+	for _, k := range config.AppConfig.ApiKeys {
+		if k.ID == keyID {
+			name = k.Name
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	config.DeleteApiKey(keyID)
+	auditRequest(r, "apikey.delete", name, "", true, "")
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "API key deleted"})
+}
+
+func apiKeyResponse(k config.ApiKeyConfig) ApiKey {
+	return ApiKey{
+		ID:             k.ID,
+		Name:           k.Name,
+		Prefix:         k.Prefix,
+		IPWhitelist:    k.IPWhitelist,
+		CreatedAt:      k.CreatedAt,
+		LastUsed:       k.LastUsed,
+		Scopes:         normalizeApiKeyScopes(k.Scopes),
+		ExpiresAt:      k.ExpiresAt,
+		Disabled:       k.Disabled,
+		ContainerUUIDs: k.ContainerUUIDs,
+		LastUsedIP:     k.LastUsedIP,
+	}
+}
+
 func generateShortID() string {
 	b := make([]byte, 4)
 	rand.Read(b)
 	return hex.EncodeToString(b)
 }
 
-// hashKey creates a simple hash for storage (not reversible)
-func hashKey(key string) string {
-	sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(key))
-	return hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])
+const (
+	apiKeyHashPrefix     = "argon2id"
+	apiKeyHashTime       = uint32(3)
+	apiKeyHashMemory     = uint32(64 * 1024)
+	apiKeyHashThreads    = uint8(1)
+	apiKeyHashSaltLength = 16
+	apiKeyHashKeyLength  = uint32(32)
+)
+
+// hashAPIKey stores API keys using a salted slow password-hash style function.
+func hashAPIKey(key string) (string, error) {
+	salt := make([]byte, apiKeyHashSaltLength)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(salt); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return hashAPIKeyWithSalt(key, salt), nil
+}
+
+func hashAPIKeyWithSalt(key string, salt []byte) string {
+	digest := argon2.IDKey([]byte(key), salt, apiKeyHashTime, apiKeyHashMemory, apiKeyHashThreads, apiKeyHashKeyLength)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s$v=19$m=%d,t=%d,p=%d$%s$%s",
+		apiKeyHashPrefix,
+		apiKeyHashMemory,
+		apiKeyHashTime,
+		apiKeyHashThreads,
+		hex.EncodeToString(salt),
+		hex.EncodeToString(digest),
+	)
+}
+
+func verifyAPIKeyHash(rawKey, storedHash string) bool {
+	parts := strings.Split(storedHash, "$")
+	if len(parts) != 5 || parts[0] != apiKeyHashPrefix || parts[1] != "v=19" {
+		return false
+	}
+	var memory, iterations uint32
+	var threads uint8
+	if _, err := fmt.Sscanf(parts[2], "m=%d,t=%d,p=%d", &memory, &iterations, &threads); err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if memory != apiKeyHashMemory || iterations != apiKeyHashTime || threads != apiKeyHashThreads {
+		return false
+	}
+	salt, err := hex.DecodeString(parts[3])
+	if err != nil || len(salt) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	expected, err := hex.DecodeString(parts[4])
+	if err != nil || len(expected) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	digest := argon2.IDKey([]byte(rawKey), salt, iterations, memory, threads, uint32(len(expected)))
+	return subtle.ConstantTimeCompare(digest, expected) == 1
 }
 
 func legacyHashKey(key string) string {
@@ -128,20 +299,75 @@ func legacyHashKey(key string) string {
 	return hex.EncodeToString(b)
 }
 
-// validateApiKey checks if the given key is valid and IP is allowed
-func validateApiKey(rawKey, clientIP string) bool {
-	hashed := hashKey(rawKey)
+func matchApiKey(rawKey string) (idx int, needsRehash bool) {
 	legacyHashed := legacyHashKey(rawKey)
-	for _, k := range config.AppConfig.ApiKeys {
-		if subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(k.KeyHash), []byte(hashed)) == 1 ||
-			subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(k.KeyHash), []byte(legacyHashed)) == 1 {
-			if k.IPWhitelist == "" {
-				return true
-			}
-			return isIPAllowed(clientIP, k.IPWhitelist)
+	for i, k := range config.AppConfig.ApiKeys {
+		if verifyAPIKeyHash(rawKey, k.KeyHash) {
+			return i, false
+		}
+		if subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(k.KeyHash), []byte(legacyHashed)) == 1 {
+			return i, true
 		}
 	}
-	return false
+	return -1, false
+}
+
+// validateApiKey checks if the given key is valid and IP is allowed.
+func validateApiKey(rawKey, clientIP string) bool {
+	_, ok := validateApiKeyDetails(rawKey, clientIP)
+	return ok
+}
+
+func validateApiKeyDetails(rawKey, clientIP string) (*config.ApiKeyConfig, bool) {
+	idx, needsRehash := matchApiKey(rawKey)
+	if idx < 0 {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	k := &config.AppConfig.ApiKeys[idx]
+	if k.Disabled || apiKeyExpired(k.ExpiresAt) {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	if clientIP != "" && k.IPWhitelist != "" && !isIPAllowed(clientIP, k.IPWhitelist) {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	if needsRehash {
+		if newHash, err := hashAPIKey(rawKey); err == nil {
+			config.AppConfig.ApiKeys[idx].KeyHash = newHash
+			config.SaveConfig()
+		}
+	}
+	if len(k.Scopes) == 0 {
+		k.Scopes = []string{"*"}
+	}
+	return k, true
+}
+
+func validateApiKeyRequest(r *http.Request) (*config.ApiKeyConfig, bool) {
+	apiKey := apiKeyFromRequest(r)
+	if apiKey == "" {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	key, ok := validateApiKeyDetails(apiKey, clientIP(r))
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	updateApiKeyLastUsedForKey(key, clientIP(r))
+	return key, true
+}
+
+func authContextFromAPIKey(key *config.ApiKeyConfig) AuthContext {
+	actor := "api:" + key.ID
+	if key.Name != "" {
+		actor = "api:" + key.Name
+	}
+	return AuthContext{
+		Type:           authTypeAPIKey,
+		ApiKeyID:       key.ID,
+		ApiKeyName:     key.Name,
+		Actor:          actor,
+		Scopes:         normalizeApiKeyScopes(key.Scopes),
+		ContainerUUIDs: key.ContainerUUIDs,
+	}
 }
 
 func apiKeyFromRequest(r *http.Request) string {
@@ -156,23 +382,16 @@ func apiKeyFromRequest(r *http.Request) string {
 }
 
 func isValidApiKeyRequest(r *http.Request) bool {
-	apiKey := apiKeyFromRequest(r)
-	if apiKey == "" {
-		return false
-	}
-	if !validateApiKey(apiKey, clientIP(r)) {
-		return false
-	}
-	updateApiKeyLastUsed(apiKey)
-	return true
+	_, ok := validateApiKeyRequest(r)
+	return ok
 }
 
 // isIPAllowed checks if clientIP matches any entry in the whitelist
 func isIPAllowed(clientIP, whitelist string) bool {
-	clientIP = strings.TrimSpace(clientIP)
-	// Strip port if present
-	if idx := strings.LastIndex(clientIP, ":"); idx > strings.LastIndex(clientIP, "]") {
-		clientIP = clientIP[:idx]
+	clientIP = normalizeIPString(clientIP)
+	client := net.ParseIP(clientIP)
+	if client == nil {
+		return false
 	}
 	for _, entry := range strings.Split(whitelist, "\n") {
 		entry = strings.TrimSpace(entry)
@@ -180,77 +399,97 @@ func isIPAllowed(clientIP, whitelist string) bool {
 			continue
 		}
 		if strings.Contains(entry, "/") {
-			// CIDR match
-			if ipInCIDR(clientIP, entry) {
+			_, network, err := net.ParseCIDR(entry)
+			if err == nil && network.Contains(client) {
 				return true
 			}
-		} else if entry == clientIP {
+			continue
+		}
+		if allowed := net.ParseIP(normalizeIPString(entry)); allowed != nil && allowed.Equal(client) {
 			return true
 		}
 	}
 	return false
 }
 
-func ipInCIDR(ipStr, cidr string) bool {
-	parts := strings.Split(cidr, "/")
-	if len(parts) != 2 {
-		return false
-	}
-	// Simple prefix match for IPv4
-	ip := netParseIP(ipStr)
-	cidrIP := netParseIP(parts[0])
-	if ip == nil || cidrIP == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	bits, err := strconv.Atoi(parts[1])
-	if err != nil || bits < 0 || bits > 32 {
-		return false
-	}
-	mask := uint32(0xFFFFFFFF) << (32 - bits)
-	ipVal := ip4ToUint32(ip)
-	cidrVal := ip4ToUint32(cidrIP)
-	return (ipVal & mask) == (cidrVal & mask)
-}
-
-func netParseIP(s string) net.IP {
+func normalizeIPString(s string) string {
 	s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
-	if idx := strings.LastIndex(s, ":"); idx > strings.LastIndex(s, "]") {
-		s = s[:idx]
+	if host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(s); err == nil {
+		return strings.Trim(host, "[]")
 	}
-	return net.ParseIP(s)
+	return strings.Trim(s, "[]")
 }
 
-func ip4ToUint32(ip net.IP) uint32 {
-	ip = ip.To4()
-	if ip == nil {
-		return 0
-	}
-	return uint32(ip[0])<<24 | uint32(ip[1])<<16 | uint32(ip[2])<<8 | uint32(ip[3])
+func ipInCIDR(ipStr, cidr string) bool {
+	ip := net.ParseIP(normalizeIPString(ipStr))
+	_, network, err := net.ParseCIDR(cidr)
+	return err == nil && ip != nil && network.Contains(ip)
 }
 
-// updateApiKeyLastUsed marks the key as recently used
+// updateApiKeyLastUsed marks the key as recently used.
 func updateApiKeyLastUsed(rawKey string) {
-	hashed := hashKey(rawKey)
-	now := time.Now().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
-	for i := range config.AppConfig.ApiKeys {
-		if config.AppConfig.ApiKeys[i].KeyHash == hashed {
-			config.AppConfig.ApiKeys[i].LastUsed = now
-			config.SaveConfig()
-			return
-		}
+	key, ok := validateApiKeyDetails(rawKey, "")
+	if !ok {
+		return
 	}
+	updateApiKeyLastUsedForKey(key, "")
+}
+
+func updateApiKeyLastUsedForKey(key *config.ApiKeyConfig, ip string) {
+	key.LastUsed = time.Now().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
+	if ip != "" {
+		key.LastUsedIP = ip
+	}
+	config.SaveConfig()
 }
 
 // ApiKeyMiddleware authenticates requests via X-API-Key header or Authorization bearer.
 func ApiKeyMiddleware(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		apiKey := apiKeyFromRequest(r)
-		if apiKey == "" || !validateApiKey(apiKey, clientIP(r)) {
+		key, ok := validateApiKeyRequest(r)
+		if !ok {
 			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid API key or IP not in whitelist"})
 			return
 		}
-
-		updateApiKeyLastUsed(apiKey)
-		next(w, r)
+		next(w, withAuthContext(r, authContextFromAPIKey(key)))
 	}
 }
+
+func normalizeApiKeyScopes(scopes []string) []string {
+	return normalizeRequestedScopes(scopes, []string{"*"})
+}
+
+func normalizeRequestedScopes(scopes []string, fallback []string) []string {
+	result := normalizeStringSlice(scopes)
+	if len(result) == 0 {
+		return append([]string(nil), fallback...)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func normalizeStringSlice(values []string) []string {
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	result := make([]string, 0, len(values))
+	for _, value := range values {
+		value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
+		if value == "" || seen[value] {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[value] = true
+		result = append(result, value)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func validApiKeyTime(value string) bool {
+	_, err := time.ParseInLocation("2006-01-02 15:04:05", value, time.Local)
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+func apiKeyExpired(value string) bool {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(value) == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	expiresAt, err := time.ParseInLocation("2006-01-02 15:04:05", value, time.Local)
+	return err == nil && !time.Now().Before(expiresAt)
+}

backend/internal/api/apikey_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"clicd/internal/config"
+)
+
+func TestHashAPIKeyUsesSaltedArgon2idHash(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := "clicd_sk_0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"
+
+	h1, err := hashAPIKey(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	h2, err := hashAPIKey(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if h1 == h2 {
+		t.Fatal("expected salted hashes to differ")
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(h1, apiKeyHashPrefix+"$") || !strings.HasPrefix(h2, apiKeyHashPrefix+"$") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected argon2id hashes, got %q and %q", h1, h2)
+	}
+	if !verifyAPIKeyHash(raw, h1) || !verifyAPIKeyHash(raw, h2) {
+		t.Fatal("argon2id hashes did not verify")
+	}
+	if verifyAPIKeyHash(raw+"x", h1) {
+		t.Fatal("argon2id hash verified wrong key")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateApiKeyAllowsArgon2idAndUpdatesLastUsed(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := "clicd_sk_0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"
+	hash, err := hashAPIKey(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	config.AppConfig = &config.ClicdConfig{
+		ApiKeys: []config.ApiKeyConfig{{
+			ID:      "key1",
+			Name:    "test",
+			KeyHash: hash,
+		}},
+	}
+
+	if !validateApiKey(raw, "127.0.0.1") {
+		t.Fatal("validateApiKey rejected valid argon2id key")
+	}
+	updateApiKeyLastUsed(raw)
+	if config.AppConfig.ApiKeys[0].LastUsed == "" {
+		t.Fatal("LastUsed was not updated")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateApiKeyMigratesLegacyHash(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := "clicd_sk_0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"
+	config.AppConfig = &config.ClicdConfig{
+		ApiKeys: []config.ApiKeyConfig{{
+			ID:      "legacy",
+			Name:    "legacy",
+			KeyHash: legacyHashKey(raw),
+		}},
+	}
+
+	if !validateApiKey(raw, "127.0.0.1") {
+		t.Fatal("validateApiKey rejected valid legacy key")
+	}
+	migrated := config.AppConfig.ApiKeys[0].KeyHash
+	if migrated == legacyHashKey(raw) {
+		t.Fatal("legacy key hash was not migrated")
+	}
+	if !verifyAPIKeyHash(raw, migrated) {
+		t.Fatal("migrated key hash does not verify")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateApiKeyAppliesIPWhitelist(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := "clicd_sk_0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"
+	hash, err := hashAPIKey(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	config.AppConfig = &config.ClicdConfig{
+		ApiKeys: []config.ApiKeyConfig{{
+			ID:          "key1",
+			Name:        "test",
+			KeyHash:     hash,
+			IPWhitelist: "192.0.2.10",
+		}},
+	}
+
+	if validateApiKey(raw, "198.51.100.10") {
+		t.Fatal("validateApiKey allowed disallowed IP")
+	}
+	if !validateApiKey(raw, "192.0.2.10") {
+		t.Fatal("validateApiKey rejected allowed IP")
+	}
+}

backend/internal/api/auth.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package api
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
@@ -28,6 +29,132 @@ type APIResponse struct {
 	Data    interface{} `json:"data,omitempty"`
 }
 
+type authContextKey struct{}
+
+type AuthContext struct {
+	Type           string
+	Username       string
+	ApiKeyID       string
+	ApiKeyName     string
+	Actor          string
+	Scopes         []string
+	ContainerUUIDs []string
+}
+
+const (
+	authTypeAdmin   = "admin"
+	authTypeSubUser = "sub_user"
+	authTypeAPIKey  = "api_key"
+)
+
+func withAuthContext(r *http.Request, auth AuthContext) *http.Request {
+	return r.WithContext(context.WithValue(r.Context(), authContextKey{}, auth))
+}
+
+func authContextFromRequest(r *http.Request) (AuthContext, bool) {
+	ctx, ok := r.Context().Value(authContextKey{}).(AuthContext)
+	return ctx, ok
+}
+
+func requestActor(r *http.Request) string {
+	if ctx, ok := authContextFromRequest(r); ok && ctx.Actor != "" {
+		return ctx.Actor
+	}
+	if claims, ok := claimsFromRequest(r); ok {
+		if subUser, _ := claims["sub_user"].(string); subUser != "" {
+			return "user:" + subUser
+		}
+		if username, _ := claims["username"].(string); username != "" {
+			return username
+		}
+	}
+	return "admin"
+}
+
+func hasScope(r *http.Request, scope string) bool {
+	ctx, ok := authContextFromRequest(r)
+	if !ok {
+		return true
+	}
+	switch ctx.Type {
+	case authTypeAdmin:
+		return true
+	case authTypeSubUser:
+		return subUserScopeAllowed(scope)
+	case authTypeAPIKey:
+		return scopeAllowed(ctx.Scopes, scope)
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func subUserScopeAllowed(scope string) bool {
+	switch scope {
+	case "container:read", "container:power", "container:reinstall", "container:password", "container:network",
+		"dashboard:read", "image:read", "task:read", "snapshot:read", "snapshot:create", "snapshot:delete", "snapshot:restore", "snapshot:schedule",
+		"terminal:ssh", "terminal:vnc":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func hasAnyScope(r *http.Request, scopes ...string) bool {
+	for _, scope := range scopes {
+		if hasScope(r, scope) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func scopeAllowed(scopes []string, required string) bool {
+	for _, scope := range scopes {
+		scope = strings.TrimSpace(scope)
+		if scope == "*" || scope == "admin:*" || scope == required {
+			return true
+		}
+		if strings.HasSuffix(scope, ":*") {
+			prefix := strings.TrimSuffix(scope, "*")
+			if strings.HasPrefix(required, prefix) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func requireScope(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, scope string) bool {
+	if hasScope(r, scope) {
+		return true
+	}
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Insufficient API key scope"})
+	return false
+}
+
+func ScopeMiddleware(scope string, next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if !requireScope(w, r, scope) {
+			return
+		}
+		next(w, r)
+	}
+}
+
+func AnyScopeMiddleware(scopes []string, next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if hasAnyScope(r, scopes...) {
+			next(w, r)
+			return
+		}
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Insufficient API key scope"})
+	}
+}
+
+func auditRequest(r *http.Request, action, target, detail string, success bool, errMsg string) {
+	config.AddAuditLogFull(action, target, detail, requestActor(r), clientIP(r), r.UserAgent(), success, errMsg)
+}
+
 func jsonResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, status int, resp APIResponse) {
 	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 	w.WriteHeader(status)
@@ -75,8 +202,10 @@ func claimsFromToken(tokenString string) (jwt.MapClaims, bool) {
 	if subUser, _ := claims["sub_user"].(string); subUser != "" {
 		tokenVersionFloat, hasVersion := claims["token_version"].(float64)
 		tokenVersion := int(tokenVersionFloat)
+		foundSubUser := false
 		for i := range config.AppConfig.SubUsers {
 			if config.AppConfig.SubUsers[i].Username == subUser {
+				foundSubUser = true
 				stored := config.AppConfig.SubUsers[i].TokenVersion
 				// If stored version > 0, require token_version to match exactly.
 				// This also rejects legacy tokens that lack token_version entirely.
@@ -86,6 +215,9 @@ func claimsFromToken(tokenString string) (jwt.MapClaims, bool) {
 				break
 			}
 		}
+		if !foundSubUser {
+			return nil, false
+		}
 	}
 
 	return claims, ok
@@ -96,6 +228,9 @@ func claimsFromRequest(r *http.Request) (jwt.MapClaims, bool) {
 }
 
 func isSubUserRequest(r *http.Request) bool {
+	if ctx, ok := authContextFromRequest(r); ok {
+		return ctx.Type == authTypeSubUser
+	}
 	claims, ok := claimsFromRequest(r)
 	if !ok {
 		return false
@@ -210,19 +345,45 @@ func HandleCheckAuth(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 func AuthMiddleware(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		tokenString := tokenFromRequest(r)
-		if !isValidToken(tokenString) && !isValidApiKeyRequest(r) {
-			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Authentication required"})
+		if claims, ok := claimsFromToken(tokenString); ok {
+			if subUser, _ := claims["sub_user"].(string); subUser != "" {
+				auth := AuthContext{Type: authTypeSubUser, Username: subUser, Actor: "user:" + subUser}
+				if values, ok := claims["container_uuids"].([]interface{}); ok {
+					for _, value := range values {
+						if uuid, ok := value.(string); ok {
+							auth.ContainerUUIDs = append(auth.ContainerUUIDs, uuid)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				next(w, withAuthContext(r, auth))
+				return
+			}
+			username, _ := claims["username"].(string)
+			if username == "" {
+				username = config.AppConfig.AdminUser
+			}
+			next(w, withAuthContext(r, AuthContext{Type: authTypeAdmin, Username: username, Actor: username}))
 			return
 		}
 
-		next(w, r)
+		if key, ok := validateApiKeyRequest(r); ok {
+			next(w, withAuthContext(r, authContextFromAPIKey(key)))
+			return
+		}
+
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Authentication required"})
 	}
 }
 
 // AdminMiddleware requires a valid administrator token and rejects sub-user tokens.
 func AdminMiddleware(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
 	return AuthMiddleware(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		if isSubUserRequest(r) {
+		ctx, _ := authContextFromRequest(r)
+		if ctx.Type == authTypeSubUser {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Administrator permission required"})
+			return
+		}
+		if ctx.Type == authTypeAPIKey && !scopeAllowed(ctx.Scopes, "admin:access") {
 			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Administrator permission required"})
 			return
 		}

backend/internal/api/disk_stat_fallback.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+package api
+
+func getRootDiskInfo() (DiskInfo, bool) {
+	return DiskInfo{}, false
+}

backend/internal/api/disk_stat_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package api
+
+import "golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+
+func getRootDiskInfo() (DiskInfo, bool) {
+	var stat unix.Statfs_t
+	if err := unix.Statfs("/", &stat); err != nil {
+		return DiskInfo{}, false
+	}
+
+	total := float64(int64(stat.Blocks)*int64(stat.Bsize)) / (1024 * 1024 * 1024)
+	free := float64(int64(stat.Bavail)*int64(stat.Bsize)) / (1024 * 1024 * 1024)
+
+	return DiskInfo{
+		TotalGB: total,
+		UsedGB:  total - free,
+		FreeGB:  free,
+	}, true
+}

backend/internal/api/firewall.go

@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"math/rand"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"clicd/internal/config"
+	"clicd/internal/lxc"
+)
+
+func generateFirewallRuleID() string {
+	const chars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"
+	b := make([]byte, 8)
+	for i := range b {
+		b[i] = chars[rand.Intn(len(chars))]
+	}
+	return string(b)
+}
+
+func getFirewall(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c == nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Container not found"})
+		return
+	}
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{
+		Success: true,
+		Data: map[string]interface{}{
+			"enabled":        c.FirewallEnabled,
+			"default_action": normalizeFirewallDefaultAction(c.FirewallDefaultAction),
+			"rules":          c.FirewallRules,
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+func updateFirewall(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c == nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Container not found"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	var req struct {
+		Enabled       *bool                  `json:"enabled"`
+		DefaultAction *string                `json:"default_action"`
+		Rules         *[]config.FirewallRule `json:"rules"`
+	}
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid request body"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	oldEnabled := c.FirewallEnabled
+	oldDefaultAction := c.FirewallDefaultAction
+	oldRules := append([]config.FirewallRule(nil), c.FirewallRules...)
+
+	if req.Enabled != nil {
+		c.FirewallEnabled = *req.Enabled
+	}
+	if req.DefaultAction != nil {
+		action := normalizeFirewallDefaultAction(*req.DefaultAction)
+		if action == "" {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid default action"})
+			return
+		}
+		c.FirewallDefaultAction = action
+	} else if strings.TrimSpace(c.FirewallDefaultAction) == "" {
+		c.FirewallDefaultAction = "DROP"
+	}
+	if req.Rules != nil {
+		// Validate and assign IDs to new rules
+		rules := *req.Rules
+		for i := range rules {
+			rules[i].Direction = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(rules[i].Direction))
+			rules[i].Protocol = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(rules[i].Protocol))
+			rules[i].Action = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(rules[i].Action))
+			rules[i].Network = normalizeFirewallNetwork(rules[i].Network)
+			rules[i].SourceIP = strings.TrimSpace(rules[i].SourceIP)
+			rules[i].Port = strings.TrimSpace(rules[i].Port)
+
+			if rules[i].Network == "" {
+				jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid network"})
+				return
+			}
+			if rules[i].Direction != "in" && rules[i].Direction != "out" {
+				jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid direction: " + rules[i].Direction})
+				return
+			}
+			if rules[i].Protocol != "tcp" && rules[i].Protocol != "udp" && rules[i].Protocol != "icmp" && rules[i].Protocol != "all" {
+				jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid protocol: " + rules[i].Protocol})
+				return
+			}
+			if rules[i].Action != "ACCEPT" && rules[i].Action != "DROP" {
+				jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid action: " + rules[i].Action})
+				return
+			}
+			if rules[i].SourceIP != "" {
+				if err := validateFirewallIPSpec(rules[i].SourceIP, rules[i].Network); err != nil {
+					jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid IP: " + err.Error()})
+					return
+				}
+			}
+			if rules[i].ID == "" || strings.HasPrefix(rules[i].ID, "tmp-") {
+				rules[i].ID = generateFirewallRuleID()
+			}
+			// Validate port spec
+			if rules[i].Port != "" {
+				if rules[i].Protocol != "tcp" && rules[i].Protocol != "udp" {
+					jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Ports are only supported for TCP and UDP rules"})
+					return
+				}
+				if err := validatePortSpec(rules[i].Port); err != nil {
+					jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid port: " + err.Error()})
+					return
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		c.FirewallRules = rules
+	}
+
+	// Apply firewall rules to iptables if container is running
+	if c.Status == "running" {
+		if err := lxc.ApplyFirewallRules(id); err != nil {
+			c.FirewallEnabled = oldEnabled
+			c.FirewallDefaultAction = oldDefaultAction
+			c.FirewallRules = oldRules
+			_ = lxc.ApplyFirewallRules(id)
+			config.SaveConfig()
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Failed to apply firewall rules: " + err.Error()})
+			return
+		}
+	} else if !c.FirewallEnabled {
+		// If disabled and not running, clean any lingering rules
+		lxc.CleanFirewallRules(id)
+	}
+	config.SaveConfig()
+
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{
+		Success: true,
+		Message: "Firewall updated",
+		Data: map[string]interface{}{
+			"enabled":        c.FirewallEnabled,
+			"default_action": normalizeFirewallDefaultAction(c.FirewallDefaultAction),
+			"rules":          c.FirewallRules,
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+func normalizeFirewallDefaultAction(action string) string {
+	action = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(action))
+	if action == "ACCEPT" || action == "DROP" {
+		return action
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func normalizeFirewallNetwork(network string) string {
+	network = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(network))
+	switch network {
+	case "", "ipv4", "nat4":
+		return "ipv4"
+	case "ipv6":
+		return "ipv6"
+	case "all", "both":
+		return "all"
+	default:
+		return ""
+	}
+}
+
+func validatePortSpec(port string) error {
+	port = strings.TrimSpace(port)
+	if port == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Support: "22", "80,443", "8000-9000", "80,443,8000-9000"
+	partCount := 0
+	for _, part := range strings.Split(port, ",") {
+		part = strings.TrimSpace(part)
+		if part == "" {
+			return &portValidationError{port}
+		}
+		partCount++
+		if strings.Contains(part, "-") {
+			// Range
+			bounds := strings.SplitN(part, "-", 2)
+			lo, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(bounds[0]))
+			if err != nil || lo < 1 || lo > 65535 {
+				return &portValidationError{part}
+			}
+			hi, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(bounds[1]))
+			if err != nil || hi < 1 || hi > 65535 {
+				return &portValidationError{part}
+			}
+			if hi < lo {
+				return &portValidationError{part}
+			}
+		} else {
+			p, err := strconv.Atoi(part)
+			if err != nil || p < 1 || p > 65535 {
+				return &portValidationError{part}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if partCount > 15 {
+		return &portValidationError{"too many ports; maximum 15 items per rule"}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func validateFirewallIPSpec(value string, network string) error {
+	var addr netip.Addr
+	if strings.Contains(value, "/") {
+		prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		addr = prefix.Addr()
+	} else {
+		parsed, err := netip.ParseAddr(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		addr = parsed
+	}
+	switch network {
+	case "ipv4":
+		if !addr.Is4() {
+			return &ipValidationError{"IPv4 rule requires an IPv4 address or CIDR: " + value}
+		}
+	case "ipv6":
+		if !addr.Is6() || addr.Is4In6() {
+			return &ipValidationError{"IPv6 rule requires an IPv6 address or CIDR: " + value}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type ipValidationError struct {
+	value string
+}
+
+func (e *ipValidationError) Error() string {
+	return e.value
+}
+
+type portValidationError struct {
+	port string
+}
+
+func (e *portValidationError) Error() string {
+	return "invalid port value: " + e.port
+}

backend/internal/api/handlers.go

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package api
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -18,17 +20,41 @@ var lxcManager = lxc.NewManager()
 func HandleContainers(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	switch r.Method {
 	case http.MethodGet:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:read") {
+			return
+		}
 		listContainers(w, r)
 	case http.MethodPost:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:create") {
+			return
+		}
+		if isAccessRestrictedRequest(r) {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Container-bound API keys cannot create containers"})
+			return
+		}
 		createContainer(w, r)
 	default:
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 	}
 }
 
+// HandleContainerListAlias supports legacy integrations that call
+// /api/containers/list or /api/v1/containers/list.
+func HandleContainerListAlias(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if r.Method != http.MethodGet && r.Method != http.MethodPost {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
+		return
+	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "container:read") {
+		return
+	}
+	listContainers(w, r)
+}
+
 // HandleSingleContainer handles individual container operations by ID or name: /api/containers/{id-or-name}/...
 func HandleSingleContainer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	path := strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/api/containers/")
+	path := strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/api/v1/containers/")
+	path = strings.TrimPrefix(path, "/api/containers/")
 	parts := strings.SplitN(path, "/", 2)
 	c := containerByIdentifier(parts[0])
 	id := 0
@@ -48,6 +74,10 @@ func HandleSingleContainer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Container not found"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !isSnapshotAction && !isContainerAllowedForRequest(r, parts[0]) {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Access denied to this container"})
+		return
+	}
 	if isSnapshotAction && id == 0 {
 		// For orphaned snapshots, resolve containerID from the snapshot itself
 		snapshotID := strings.TrimPrefix(action, "snapshots/")
@@ -59,45 +89,115 @@ func HandleSingleContainer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		}
 		id = snapshot.ContainerID
 	}
+	if isSnapshotAction {
+		if c := config.FindContainer(id); c != nil && !isContainerAllowedForRequest(r, c.UUID) {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Access denied to this container"})
+			return
+		}
+	}
 
 	switch {
 	case action == "start" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:power") {
+			return
+		}
 		HandleSingleTaskAction(w, r, id, "start")
 	case action == "stop" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:power") {
+			return
+		}
 		HandleSingleTaskAction(w, r, id, "stop")
 	case action == "restart" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:power") {
+			return
+		}
 		HandleSingleTaskAction(w, r, id, "restart")
 	case action == "reinstall" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:reinstall") {
+			return
+		}
 		HandleSingleTaskAction(w, r, id, "reinstall")
 	case action == "delete" && r.Method == http.MethodDelete:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:delete") {
+			return
+		}
 		HandleSingleTaskAction(w, r, id, "delete")
 	case action == "reset-password" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:password") {
+			return
+		}
 		resetSSHPassword(w, r, id)
 	case action == "usage" && r.Method == http.MethodGet:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:read") {
+			return
+		}
 		getUsage(w, r, id)
 	case action == "traffic" && r.Method == http.MethodGet:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:read") {
+			return
+		}
 		getTraffic(w, r, id)
 	case action == "traffic-reset" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:traffic") {
+			return
+		}
 		resetTraffic(w, r, id)
 	case action == "traffic-limit" && r.Method == http.MethodPut:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:traffic") {
+			return
+		}
 		updateTrafficLimit(w, r, id)
 	case action == "resource-limit" && r.Method == http.MethodPut:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:resize") {
+			return
+		}
 		updateResourceLimit(w, r, id)
 	case action == "random-port" && r.Method == http.MethodGet:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:network") {
+			return
+		}
 		getRandomPort(w, r, id)
 	case action == "expiry" && r.Method == http.MethodPut:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:resize") {
+			return
+		}
 		updateExpiry(w, r, id)
 	case action == "ipv6" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "ipv6:assign") {
+			return
+		}
 		assignIPv6(w, r, id)
 	case action == "snapshots" || strings.HasPrefix(action, "snapshots/"):
 		handleContainerSnapshots(w, r, id, action)
 	case action == "port-mappings" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:network") {
+			return
+		}
 		addPortMapping(w, r, id)
 	case strings.HasPrefix(action, "port-mappings/") && r.Method == http.MethodPut:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:network") {
+			return
+		}
 		updatePortMapping(w, r, id, strings.TrimPrefix(action, "port-mappings/"))
 	case strings.HasPrefix(action, "port-mappings/") && r.Method == http.MethodDelete:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:network") {
+			return
+		}
 		deletePortMapping(w, r, id, strings.TrimPrefix(action, "port-mappings/"))
+	case action == "firewall" && r.Method == http.MethodGet:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:network") {
+			return
+		}
+		getFirewall(w, r, id)
+	case action == "firewall" && r.Method == http.MethodPut:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:network") {
+			return
+		}
+		updateFirewall(w, r, id)
 	case r.Method == http.MethodGet:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "container:read") {
+			return
+		}
 		getContainer(w, r, id)
 	default:
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Action not found"})
@@ -105,29 +205,38 @@ func HandleSingleContainer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 }
 
 func listContainers(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	containers, err := lxcManager.ListContainers()
-	if err != nil {
-		containers = config.AppConfig.Containers
-	}
+	containers, _ := listByRuntime()
 	containers = filterContainersForRequest(r, containers)
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: containers})
 }
 
 func createContainer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	var cfg lxc.ContainerConfig
-	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&cfg); err != nil {
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+	if err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid request body"})
 		return
 	}
+	var fields map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &cfg); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid request body"})
+		return
+	}
+	_ = json.Unmarshal(body, &fields)
+	if err := normalizeCreateResourceLimits(&cfg, fields); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
 	if cfg.Name == "" {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Container name is required"})
 		return
 	}
+	cfg.Virtualization = runtimeFromRequest(cfg.Virtualization)
 	if cfg.TemplateID == "" {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Template is required"})
 		return
 	}
-	if !isTemplateEnabledAndDownloaded(cfg.TemplateID) {
+	if !isImageEnabledAndDownloaded(cfg.TemplateID, cfg.Virtualization) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Template is not enabled or downloaded"})
 		return
 	}
@@ -140,17 +249,46 @@ func createContainer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	if cfg.DiskGB < 1 {
 		cfg.DiskGB = 5
 	}
-	if cfg.PortMappingCount < 2 {
+	if cfg.PortMappingCount < 0 {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Port mapping count cannot be negative"})
+		return
+	}
+	if cfg.WantsNAT() && cfg.PortMappingCount < 2 {
 		cfg.PortMappingCount = 2
+	} else if !cfg.WantsNAT() {
+		cfg.PortMappingCount = 0
+		cfg.ExtraPorts = nil
 	}
 	if cfg.PortMappingCount > 64 {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Port mapping count cannot exceed 64"})
 		return
 	}
+	if cfg.IPv4Count < 0 || cfg.IPv6Count < 0 {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "IP address count cannot be negative"})
+		return
+	}
+	if cfg.IPv4Count > 64 || cfg.IPv6Count > 64 {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "IP address count cannot exceed 64"})
+		return
+	}
+	if !cfg.AssignIPv4 && len(cfg.PublicIPv4s) == 0 {
+		cfg.IPv4Count = 0
+	}
+	if !cfg.AssignIPv6 && len(cfg.IPv6Addresses) == 0 {
+		cfg.IPv6Count = 0
+	}
+	if !hasRequestedNetwork(cfg) {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: noNetworkSelectedMessage})
+		return
+	}
 	if cfg.SnapshotLimit <= 0 {
 		cfg.SnapshotLimit = config.DefaultSnapshotLimit
 	}
-	if err := validateContainerResourceRequest(cfg.VCPU, cfg.RAMMB, cfg.DiskGB); err != nil {
+	if err := validateRuntimeResourceRequest(cfg.Virtualization, cfg.VCPU, cfg.RAMMB, cfg.DiskGB); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+	if err := validateCreateSSHAuth(cfg); err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
@@ -166,7 +304,7 @@ func createContainer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if err := lxcManager.CreateContainer(cfg); err != nil {
+	if err := createByRuntime(cfg); err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
@@ -179,11 +317,15 @@ func getContainer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Container not found"})
 		return
 	}
+	if c.IsKVM() && c.Status == "running" {
+		_, _ = kvmManager.RefreshVNCPort(c.ID)
+		_, _ = kvmManager.RefreshNetwork(c.ID)
+	}
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: c})
 }
 
 func getUsage(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
-	usage, err := lxcManager.GetResourceUsage(id)
+	usage, err := usageByRuntime(id)
 	if err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return
@@ -192,7 +334,7 @@ func getUsage(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
 }
 
 func getTraffic(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
-	info := lxcManager.GetTrafficInfo(id)
+	info := trafficByRuntime(id)
 	if info == nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Container not found"})
 		return
@@ -257,10 +399,14 @@ func updateTrafficLimit(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
 
 func updateResourceLimit(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
 	var req struct {
-		VCPU   float64 `json:"vcpu"`
-		RAMMB  int     `json:"ram_mb"`
-		IOMBps int     `json:"io_speed_mbps"`
-		BWMbps int     `json:"network_bw_mbps"`
+		VCPU            *float64 `json:"vcpu"`
+		RAMMB           *int     `json:"ram_mb"`
+		IOMBps          *int     `json:"io_speed_mbps"`
+		IOReadMBps      *int     `json:"io_read_mbps"`
+		IOWriteMBps     *int     `json:"io_write_mbps"`
+		BWMbps          *int     `json:"network_bw_mbps"`
+		NetworkDownMbps *int     `json:"network_down_mbps"`
+		NetworkUpMbps   *int     `json:"network_up_mbps"`
 	}
 	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid request"})
@@ -275,32 +421,157 @@ func updateResourceLimit(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
 	// Update config
 	nextVCPU := c.VCPU
 	nextRAMMB := c.RAMMB
-	if req.VCPU > 0 {
-		nextVCPU = req.VCPU
+	if req.VCPU != nil {
+		nextVCPU = *req.VCPU
 	}
-	if req.RAMMB > 0 {
-		nextRAMMB = req.RAMMB
+	if req.RAMMB != nil {
+		nextRAMMB = *req.RAMMB
 	}
-	if err := validateContainerResourceRequest(nextVCPU, nextRAMMB, c.DiskGB); err != nil {
+	if err := validateRuntimeResourceRequest(c.Runtime(), nextVCPU, nextRAMMB, c.DiskGB); err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
-
-	c.VCPU = nextVCPU
-	c.RAMMB = nextRAMMB
-	c.IOSpeedMBps = req.IOMBps
-	c.NetworkBWMbps = req.BWMbps
-	config.SaveConfig()
-
-	// Re-apply resource limits to running container
-	if c.Status == "running" {
-		if err := lxcManager.ApplyContainerLimits(c); err != nil {
-			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+	for name, value := range map[string]*int{
+		"network_bw_mbps":   req.BWMbps,
+		"network_down_mbps": req.NetworkDownMbps,
+		"network_up_mbps":   req.NetworkUpMbps,
+		"io_speed_mbps":     req.IOMBps,
+		"io_read_mbps":      req.IOReadMBps,
+		"io_write_mbps":     req.IOWriteMBps,
+	} {
+		if err := rejectNegativeLimit(name, value); err != nil {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 			return
 		}
 	}
 
-	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "Resource limits updated"})
+	c.VCPU = nextVCPU
+	c.RAMMB = nextRAMMB
+	applyNetworkLimitPatch(c, req.BWMbps, req.NetworkDownMbps, req.NetworkUpMbps)
+	applyIOLimitPatch(c, req.IOMBps, req.IOReadMBps, req.IOWriteMBps)
+	config.NormalizeContainerResourceAliases(c)
+	config.SaveConfig()
+
+	// Re-apply persisted/runtime limits. LXC also uses this path to migrate
+	// old managed config lines such as lxc.prlimit.nproc.
+	if err := applyLimitsByRuntime(c); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	msg := "Resource limits updated"
+	if c.IsKVM() && c.Status == "running" {
+		msg = "资源已保存，请关机重启虚拟机后生效"
+	}
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: msg})
+}
+
+func normalizeCreateResourceLimits(cfg *lxc.ContainerConfig, fields map[string]json.RawMessage) error {
+	if cfg == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := rejectNegativeCreateLimits(*cfg); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	bwSet := hasJSONField(fields, "network_bw_mbps")
+	downSet := hasJSONField(fields, "network_down_mbps")
+	upSet := hasJSONField(fields, "network_up_mbps")
+	if bwSet {
+		if !downSet {
+			cfg.NetworkDownMbps = cfg.NetworkBWMbps
+		}
+		if !upSet {
+			cfg.NetworkUpMbps = cfg.NetworkBWMbps
+		}
+	}
+	ioSet := hasJSONField(fields, "io_speed_mbps")
+	readSet := hasJSONField(fields, "io_read_mbps")
+	writeSet := hasJSONField(fields, "io_write_mbps")
+	if ioSet {
+		if !readSet {
+			cfg.IOReadMBps = cfg.IOSpeedMBps
+		}
+		if !writeSet {
+			cfg.IOWriteMBps = cfg.IOSpeedMBps
+		}
+	}
+	cfg.NormalizeResourceAliases()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func rejectNegativeCreateLimits(cfg lxc.ContainerConfig) error {
+	for name, value := range map[string]int{
+		"network_bw_mbps":   cfg.NetworkBWMbps,
+		"network_down_mbps": cfg.NetworkDownMbps,
+		"network_up_mbps":   cfg.NetworkUpMbps,
+		"io_speed_mbps":     cfg.IOSpeedMBps,
+		"io_read_mbps":      cfg.IOReadMBps,
+		"io_write_mbps":     cfg.IOWriteMBps,
+	} {
+		if value < 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s cannot be negative", name)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func hasJSONField(fields map[string]json.RawMessage, name string) bool {
+	if fields == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	_, ok := fields[name]
+	return ok
+}
+
+func rejectNegativeLimit(name string, value *int) error {
+	if value != nil && *value < 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s cannot be negative", name)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func applyNetworkLimitPatch(c *config.Container, legacy *int, down *int, up *int) {
+	if c == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	config.NormalizeContainerResourceAliases(c)
+	nextDown := c.NetworkDownMbps
+	nextUp := c.NetworkUpMbps
+	if legacy != nil {
+		nextDown = *legacy
+		nextUp = *legacy
+	}
+	if down != nil {
+		nextDown = *down
+	}
+	if up != nil {
+		nextUp = *up
+	}
+	c.NetworkDownMbps = nextDown
+	c.NetworkUpMbps = nextUp
+	c.NetworkBWMbps = config.LegacySymmetricLimit(nextDown, nextUp)
+}
+
+func applyIOLimitPatch(c *config.Container, legacy *int, read *int, write *int) {
+	if c == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	config.NormalizeContainerResourceAliases(c)
+	nextRead := c.IOReadMBps
+	nextWrite := c.IOWriteMBps
+	if legacy != nil {
+		nextRead = *legacy
+		nextWrite = *legacy
+	}
+	if read != nil {
+		nextRead = *read
+	}
+	if write != nil {
+		nextWrite = *write
+	}
+	c.IOReadMBps = nextRead
+	c.IOWriteMBps = nextWrite
+	c.IOSpeedMBps = config.LegacySymmetricLimit(nextRead, nextWrite)
 }
 
 func getRandomPort(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
@@ -309,24 +580,16 @@ func getRandomPort(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Container not found"})
 		return
 	}
-	// Find a random unused port between 10000-65535
-	used := map[int]bool{}
-	for _, pm := range c.PortMappings {
-		used[pm.HostPort] = true
+	hostIP := strings.TrimSpace(r.URL.Query().Get("host_ip"))
+	start, end := config.NATPortRange()
+	capacity := end - start + 1
+	offset := 0
+	if capacity > 0 {
+		offset = int(time.Now().UnixNano() % int64(capacity))
 	}
-	// Also check all containers
-	for _, oc := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
-		if oc.ID == id {
-			continue
-		}
-		for _, pm := range oc.PortMappings {
-			used[pm.HostPort] = true
-		}
-	}
-	// Try random ports
-	for tries := 0; tries < 100; tries++ {
-		port := 10000 + (int(time.Now().UnixNano()) % 55535)
-		if !used[port] {
+	for tries := 0; tries < capacity; tries++ {
+		port := start + ((offset + tries) % capacity)
+		if lxc.HostPortAvailable(c, hostIP, port, "tcp") {
 			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: map[string]int{"port": port}})
 			return
 		}
@@ -340,6 +603,9 @@ func HandleTemplates(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "image:read") {
+		return
+	}
 	if isSubUserRequest(r) {
 		HandleEnabledImages(w, r)
 		return
@@ -354,10 +620,11 @@ func HandleDashboard(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
-	containers, err := lxcManager.ListContainers()
-	if err != nil {
-		containers = config.AppConfig.Containers
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "dashboard:read") {
+		return
 	}
+	containers, _ := listByRuntime()
+	containers = filterContainersForRequest(r, containers)
 	running := 0
 	stopped := 0
 	for _, c := range containers {
@@ -381,6 +648,9 @@ func HandleHostInfo(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "host:read") {
+		return
+	}
 	info := getHostInfo()
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: info})
 }
@@ -391,7 +661,24 @@ func resetSSHPassword(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "容器已到期，不允许此操作"})
 		return
 	}
-	newPassword, err := lxcManager.ResetSSHPassword(id)
+	var req struct {
+		Password string `json:"password"`
+	}
+	if r.Body != nil {
+		decoder := json.NewDecoder(r.Body)
+		if err := decoder.Decode(&req); err != nil && err.Error() != "EOF" {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid request body"})
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	password := strings.TrimSpace(req.Password)
+	if password != "" {
+		if err := validateSSHPassword(password); err != nil {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	newPassword, err := resetPasswordByRuntime(id, password)
 	if err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return
@@ -403,6 +690,10 @@ func resetSSHPassword(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
 	})
 }
 
+func validateSSHPassword(password string) error {
+	return lxc.ValidateCustomSSHPassword(password)
+}
+
 func addPortMapping(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
 	var pm config.PortMapping
 	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&pm); err != nil {

backend/internal/api/host_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package api
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestExtractCertbotVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		output string
+		want   string
+	}{
+		{"certbot 5.4.0", "5.4.0"},
+		{"certbot v5.10.1", "5.10.1"},
+		{"certbot, version 4.9", "4.9"},
+		{"installed", ""},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		if got := extractCertbotVersion(tt.output); got != tt.want {
+			t.Fatalf("extractCertbotVersion(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.output, got, tt.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCertbotVersionAtLeast54(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		version string
+		want    bool
+	}{
+		{"5.4", true},
+		{"5.4.0", true},
+		{"5.10", true},
+		{"6.0.0", true},
+		{"5.3.9", false},
+		{"4.99", false},
+		{"5", false},
+		{"", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		if got := certbotVersionAtLeast(tt.version, 5, 4); got != tt.want {
+			t.Fatalf("certbotVersionAtLeast(%q, 5, 4) = %v, want %v", tt.version, got, tt.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestARMCPUModelName(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := armCPUModelName("0x41", "0xd0c"); got != "ARM Neoverse N1" {
+		t.Fatalf("armCPUModelName() = %q, want ARM Neoverse N1", got)
+	}
+	if got := armCPUModelName("41", "d0c"); got != "ARM Neoverse N1" {
+		t.Fatalf("armCPUModelName() without hex prefix = %q, want ARM Neoverse N1", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMeaningfulCPUModel(t *testing.T) {
+	if meaningfulCPUModel("0") {
+		t.Fatal("numeric ARM processor index should not be treated as a CPU model")
+	}
+	if !meaningfulCPUModel("Neoverse-N1") {
+		t.Fatal("expected Neoverse-N1 to be treated as a CPU model")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHostTrafficInterfaceFilter(t *testing.T) {
+	accepted := []string{"eth0", "ens3", "enp0s6", "bond0", "wg0"}
+	for _, name := range accepted {
+		if !isHostTrafficInterface(name) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected %s to be accepted as a host traffic interface", name)
+		}
+	}
+
+	rejected := []string{"", "lo", "docker0", "br-3024b78640ee", "lxcbr0", "virbr0", "vethaaa9e44", "cni0"}
+	for _, name := range rejected {
+		if isHostTrafficInterface(name) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected %s to be rejected as an internal/container interface", name)
+		}
+	}
+}

backend/internal/api/images.go

@@ -1,34 +1,161 @@
 package api
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
 	"sync"
+	"time"
 
 	"clicd/internal/config"
+	"clicd/internal/kvm"
 	"clicd/internal/lxc"
 )
 
 // ImageInfo represents a template image with its download/enable status.
 type ImageInfo struct {
-	ID          string `json:"id"`
-	Name        string `json:"name"`
-	Distro      string `json:"distro"`
-	Release     string `json:"release"`
-	Arch        string `json:"arch"`
-	Description string `json:"description"`
-	Downloaded  bool   `json:"downloaded"`
-	Enabled     bool   `json:"enabled"`
-	Downloading bool   `json:"downloading"`
-	SizeBytes   int64  `json:"size_bytes"`
+	ID              string `json:"id"`
+	Name            string `json:"name"`
+	Type            string `json:"type"`
+	Distro          string `json:"distro"`
+	Release         string `json:"release"`
+	Arch            string `json:"arch"`
+	Description     string `json:"description"`
+	Downloaded      bool   `json:"downloaded"`
+	Enabled         bool   `json:"enabled"`
+	Downloading     bool   `json:"downloading"`
+	Progress        int    `json:"progress"`
+	DownloadedBytes int64  `json:"downloaded_bytes"`
+	TotalBytes      int64  `json:"total_bytes"`
+	Stage           string `json:"stage,omitempty"`
+	Error           string `json:"error,omitempty"`
+	SizeBytes       int64  `json:"size_bytes"`
+	ManualPath      string `json:"manual_path,omitempty"`
+	Desktop         string `json:"desktop,omitempty"`
 }
 
 var imageDownloadsMu sync.Mutex
-var imageDownloads = map[string]bool{}
+var imageDownloads = map[string]*imageDownloadStatus{}
+
+type imageDownloadStatus struct {
+	Downloading     bool
+	Progress        int
+	DownloadedBytes int64
+	TotalBytes      int64
+	Stage           string
+	Error           string
+	Cancel          context.CancelFunc
+	UpdatedAt       time.Time
+}
+
+type imageDownloadSnapshot struct {
+	Downloading     bool
+	Progress        int
+	DownloadedBytes int64
+	TotalBytes      int64
+	Stage           string
+	Error           string
+}
+
+func imageDownloadInfo(id string) imageDownloadSnapshot {
+	imageDownloadsMu.Lock()
+	defer imageDownloadsMu.Unlock()
+	st := imageDownloads[id]
+	if st == nil {
+		return imageDownloadSnapshot{}
+	}
+	return imageDownloadSnapshot{
+		Downloading:     st.Downloading,
+		Progress:        st.Progress,
+		DownloadedBytes: st.DownloadedBytes,
+		TotalBytes:      st.TotalBytes,
+		Stage:           st.Stage,
+		Error:           st.Error,
+	}
+}
+
+func startImageDownload(id, stage string) (context.Context, bool) {
+	imageDownloadsMu.Lock()
+	defer imageDownloadsMu.Unlock()
+	if st := imageDownloads[id]; st != nil && st.Downloading {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	imageDownloads[id] = &imageDownloadStatus{
+		Downloading: true,
+		Stage:       stage,
+		Cancel:      cancel,
+		UpdatedAt:   time.Now(),
+	}
+	return ctx, true
+}
+
+func updateImageDownload(id string, update func(*imageDownloadStatus)) {
+	imageDownloadsMu.Lock()
+	defer imageDownloadsMu.Unlock()
+	st := imageDownloads[id]
+	if st == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	update(st)
+	st.UpdatedAt = time.Now()
+}
+
+func finishImageDownload(id string, err error) {
+	imageDownloadsMu.Lock()
+	defer imageDownloadsMu.Unlock()
+	st := imageDownloads[id]
+	if st == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	st.Downloading = false
+	st.Cancel = nil
+	st.UpdatedAt = time.Now()
+	if err != nil {
+		st.Error = err.Error()
+		return
+	}
+	delete(imageDownloads, id)
+}
+
+func clearImageDownload(id string) {
+	imageDownloadsMu.Lock()
+	delete(imageDownloads, id)
+	imageDownloadsMu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func isImageDownloadActive(id string) bool {
+	imageDownloadsMu.Lock()
+	defer imageDownloadsMu.Unlock()
+	st := imageDownloads[id]
+	return st != nil && st.Downloading
+}
+
+func lxcImageDownloadTempName(id string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("clicd-img-dl-%s", id)
+}
+
+func cleanupLXCImageDownloadTemp(id string) {
+	tmpName := lxcImageDownloadTempName(id)
+	exec.Command("lxc-destroy", "-n", tmpName, "-f").Run()
+	os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join("/var/lib/lxc", tmpName))
+}
+
+func cleanupOldImageDownloadErrors() {
+	imageDownloadsMu.Lock()
+	defer imageDownloadsMu.Unlock()
+	cutoff := time.Now().Add(-10 * time.Minute)
+	for id, st := range imageDownloads {
+		if !st.Downloading && st.UpdatedAt.Before(cutoff) {
+			delete(imageDownloads, id)
+		}
+	}
+}
 
 // isImageDownloaded checks if the LXC download cache exists for a template.
 func isImageDownloaded(distro, release, arch string) bool {
@@ -78,6 +205,9 @@ func getEnabledImageSet() map[string]bool {
 		for _, t := range lxc.GetTemplates() {
 			set[t.ID] = true
 		}
+		for _, t := range kvm.GetImages() {
+			set[t.ID] = true
+		}
 	} else {
 		for _, id := range config.AppConfig.EnabledImages {
 			set[id] = true
@@ -92,37 +222,83 @@ func HandleImages(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "image:read") {
+		return
+	}
+
+	enabledSet := getEnabledImageSet()
+	cleanupOldImageDownloadErrors()
+	kvmAvailable := hostKVMAvailable()
 
 	templates := lxc.GetTemplates()
-	enabledSet := getEnabledImageSet()
-
-	images := make([]ImageInfo, 0, len(templates))
+	kvmImages := []kvm.Image{}
+	if kvmAvailable {
+		kvmImages = kvm.GetImages()
+	}
+	images := make([]ImageInfo, 0, len(templates)+len(kvmImages))
 	for _, t := range templates {
-		_, downloading := imageDownloads[t.ID]
+		dl := imageDownloadInfo(t.ID)
 		downloaded, size := imageDownloadedInfo(t.Distro, t.Release, t.Arch)
 		images = append(images, ImageInfo{
-			ID:          t.ID,
-			Name:        t.Name,
-			Distro:      t.Distro,
-			Release:     t.Release,
-			Arch:        t.Arch,
-			Description: t.Description,
-			Downloaded:  downloaded,
-			Enabled:     enabledSet[t.ID],
-			Downloading: downloading,
-			SizeBytes:   size,
+			ID:              t.ID,
+			Name:            t.Name,
+			Type:            config.VirtualizationLXC,
+			Distro:          t.Distro,
+			Release:         t.Release,
+			Arch:            t.Arch,
+			Description:     t.Description,
+			Downloaded:      downloaded,
+			Enabled:         enabledSet[t.ID],
+			Downloading:     dl.Downloading,
+			Progress:        dl.Progress,
+			DownloadedBytes: dl.DownloadedBytes,
+			TotalBytes:      dl.TotalBytes,
+			Stage:           dl.Stage,
+			Error:           dl.Error,
+			SizeBytes:       size,
+		})
+	}
+	for _, t := range kvmImages {
+		dl := imageDownloadInfo(t.ID)
+		downloaded, size := kvm.ImageDownloadedInfo(t.ID)
+		manualPath := ""
+		if t.Distro == "windows" {
+			manualPath = kvm.ImagePath(t.ID)
+		}
+		images = append(images, ImageInfo{
+			ID:              t.ID,
+			Name:            t.Name,
+			Type:            config.VirtualizationKVM,
+			Distro:          t.Distro,
+			Release:         t.Release,
+			Arch:            t.Arch,
+			Description:     t.Description,
+			Downloaded:      downloaded,
+			Enabled:         enabledSet[t.ID],
+			Downloading:     dl.Downloading,
+			Progress:        dl.Progress,
+			DownloadedBytes: dl.DownloadedBytes,
+			TotalBytes:      dl.TotalBytes,
+			Stage:           dl.Stage,
+			Error:           dl.Error,
+			SizeBytes:       size,
+			ManualPath:      manualPath,
+			Desktop:         t.Desktop,
 		})
 	}
 
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: images})
 }
 
-// HandleImageDownload downloads a template image from the LXC image server.
+// HandleImageDownload starts a template image download in the background.
 func HandleImageDownload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	if r.Method != http.MethodPost {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "image:download") {
+		return
+	}
 
 	var req struct {
 		TemplateID string `json:"template_id"`
@@ -134,59 +310,141 @@ func HandleImageDownload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	tmpl := lxc.FindTemplate(req.TemplateID)
 	if tmpl == nil {
-		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Template not found"})
+		image := kvm.FindImage(req.TemplateID)
+		if image == nil {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Template not found"})
+			return
+		}
+		if !hostKVMAvailable() {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "KVM is not available on this host"})
+			return
+		}
+		if ok, _ := kvm.ImageDownloadedInfo(image.ID); ok {
+			ensureImageEnabled(image.ID)
+			clearImageDownload(image.ID)
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "Already downloaded"})
+			return
+		}
+		ctx, ok := startImageDownload(image.ID, "downloading")
+		if !ok {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusConflict, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Already downloading"})
+			return
+		}
+		go func(image kvm.Image) {
+			err := kvm.DownloadImageWithProgress(ctx, image, func(p kvm.DownloadProgress) {
+				updateImageDownload(image.ID, func(st *imageDownloadStatus) {
+					if p.Stage != "" {
+						st.Stage = p.Stage
+					}
+					if p.DownloadedBytes > 0 || p.TotalBytes > 0 {
+						st.DownloadedBytes = p.DownloadedBytes
+						st.TotalBytes = p.TotalBytes
+					}
+					st.Progress = p.Percent
+				})
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				if ctx.Err() != nil {
+					os.Remove(kvm.ImagePath(image.ID) + ".tmp")
+					os.Remove(kvm.ImagePath(image.ID))
+					finishImageDownload(image.ID, nil)
+					return
+				}
+				finishImageDownload(image.ID, err)
+				return
+			}
+			ensureImageEnabled(image.ID)
+			finishImageDownload(image.ID, nil)
+		}(*image)
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusAccepted, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "Download started"})
 		return
 	}
 
 	// Already downloaded? Just enable if needed.
 	if isImageDownloaded(tmpl.Distro, tmpl.Release, tmpl.Arch) {
 		ensureImageEnabled(tmpl.ID)
+		clearImageDownload(tmpl.ID)
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "Already downloaded"})
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Already downloading?
-	imageDownloadsMu.Lock()
-	if imageDownloads[req.TemplateID] {
-		imageDownloadsMu.Unlock()
+	ctx, ok := startImageDownload(tmpl.ID, "lxc-create")
+	if !ok {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusConflict, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Already downloading"})
 		return
 	}
-	imageDownloads[req.TemplateID] = true
-	imageDownloadsMu.Unlock()
 
-	defer func() {
-		imageDownloadsMu.Lock()
-		delete(imageDownloads, req.TemplateID)
-		imageDownloadsMu.Unlock()
-	}()
-
-	// Auto-enable on download
-	ensureImageEnabled(tmpl.ID)
-
-	// Download via lxc-create with a temp container, then destroy it.
-	tmpName := fmt.Sprintf("clicd-img-dl-%s", tmpl.ID)
-	args := []string{"-n", tmpName, "-t", "download", "--",
-		"-d", tmpl.Distro, "-r", tmpl.Release, "-a", tmpl.Arch}
-	if tmpl.Variant != "" {
-		args = append(args, "--variant", tmpl.Variant)
-	}
-	cmd := exec.Command("lxc-create", args...)
-	output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
-
-	// Clean up the temp container unconditionally.
-	exec.Command("lxc-destroy", "-n", tmpName, "-f").Run()
-	os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join("/var/lib/lxc", tmpName))
-
-	if err != nil {
-		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{
-			Success: false,
-			Message: fmt.Sprintf("Download failed: %v, output: %s", err, string(output)),
+	go func(tmpl lxc.Template) {
+		// Download via lxc-create with a temp container, then destroy it.
+		tmpName := lxcImageDownloadTempName(tmpl.ID)
+		args := []string{"-n", tmpName, "-t", "download", "--",
+			"-d", tmpl.Distro, "-r", tmpl.Release, "-a", tmpl.Arch}
+		if tmpl.Variant != "" {
+			args = append(args, "--variant", tmpl.Variant)
+		}
+		updateImageDownload(tmpl.ID, func(st *imageDownloadStatus) {
+			st.Stage = "lxc-create"
 		})
+		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "lxc-create", args...)
+		output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+
+		// Clean up the temp container unconditionally.
+		cleanupLXCImageDownloadTemp(tmpl.ID)
+
+		if err != nil {
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				finishImageDownload(tmpl.ID, nil)
+				return
+			}
+			err = fmt.Errorf("Download failed: %v, output: %s", err, string(output))
+			finishImageDownload(tmpl.ID, err)
+			return
+		}
+		ensureImageEnabled(tmpl.ID)
+		finishImageDownload(tmpl.ID, nil)
+	}(*tmpl)
+
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusAccepted, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "Download started"})
+}
+
+// HandleImageCancel cancels an in-progress image download.
+func HandleImageCancel(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if r.Method != http.MethodPost {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
+		return
+	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "image:download") {
+		return
+	}
+	var req struct {
+		TemplateID string `json:"template_id"`
+	}
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil || req.TemplateID == "" {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "template_id required"})
 		return
 	}
 
-	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "Downloaded successfully"})
+	imageDownloadsMu.Lock()
+	st := imageDownloads[req.TemplateID]
+	if st == nil || !st.Downloading || st.Cancel == nil {
+		imageDownloadsMu.Unlock()
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "No active download"})
+		return
+	}
+	cancel := st.Cancel
+	st.Stage = "canceling"
+	st.UpdatedAt = time.Now()
+	imageDownloadsMu.Unlock()
+
+	cancel()
+	if image := kvm.FindImage(req.TemplateID); image != nil {
+		os.Remove(kvm.ImagePath(image.ID) + ".tmp")
+		os.Remove(kvm.ImagePath(image.ID))
+	}
+	if tmpl := lxc.FindTemplate(req.TemplateID); tmpl != nil {
+		go cleanupLXCImageDownloadTemp(tmpl.ID)
+	}
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "Cancel requested"})
 }
 
 // HandleImageDelete deletes a cached template image from disk.
@@ -195,6 +453,9 @@ func HandleImageDelete(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "image:delete") {
+		return
+	}
 
 	var req struct {
 		TemplateID string `json:"template_id"`
@@ -203,9 +464,22 @@ func HandleImageDelete(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "template_id required"})
 		return
 	}
+	if isImageDownloadActive(req.TemplateID) {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusConflict, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Image is downloading; cancel it before deleting"})
+		return
+	}
 
 	tmpl := lxc.FindTemplate(req.TemplateID)
 	if tmpl == nil {
+		if image := kvm.FindImage(req.TemplateID); image != nil {
+			if err := kvm.DeleteImage(image.ID); err != nil {
+				jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Failed to delete image cache: " + err.Error()})
+				return
+			}
+			removeImageEnabled(image.ID)
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "Deleted"})
+			return
+		}
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Template not found"})
 		return
 	}
@@ -232,6 +506,9 @@ func HandleImageToggle(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "image:toggle") {
+		return
+	}
 
 	var req struct {
 		TemplateID string `json:"template_id"`
@@ -258,14 +535,35 @@ func HandleEnabledImages(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "image:read") {
+		return
+	}
 
-	templates := lxc.GetTemplates()
+	runtime := runtimeFromRequest(r.URL.Query().Get("type"))
 	enabledSet := getEnabledImageSet()
 
-	result := make([]lxc.Template, 0)
-	for _, t := range templates {
-		if enabledSet[t.ID] && isImageDownloaded(t.Distro, t.Release, t.Arch) {
-			result = append(result, t)
+	result := make([]map[string]string, 0)
+	if runtime == config.VirtualizationKVM {
+		if !hostKVMAvailable() {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: result})
+			return
+		}
+		for _, t := range kvm.GetImages() {
+			if downloaded, _ := kvm.ImageDownloadedInfo(t.ID); enabledSet[t.ID] && downloaded {
+				result = append(result, map[string]string{
+					"id": t.ID, "name": t.Name, "distro": t.Distro, "release": t.Release, "arch": t.Arch,
+					"description": t.Description, "type": config.VirtualizationKVM, "desktop": t.Desktop,
+				})
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		for _, t := range lxc.GetTemplates() {
+			if enabledSet[t.ID] && isImageDownloaded(t.Distro, t.Release, t.Arch) {
+				result = append(result, map[string]string{
+					"id": t.ID, "name": t.Name, "distro": t.Distro, "release": t.Release, "arch": t.Arch,
+					"variant": t.Variant, "description": t.Description, "type": config.VirtualizationLXC,
+				})
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -273,6 +571,23 @@ func HandleEnabledImages(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 }
 
 func isTemplateEnabledAndDownloaded(templateID string) bool {
+	return isImageEnabledAndDownloaded(templateID, runtimeFromTemplateID(templateID))
+}
+
+func isImageEnabledAndDownloaded(templateID string, runtime string) bool {
+	runtime = runtimeFromRequest(runtime)
+	if runtime == config.VirtualizationKVM {
+		if !hostKVMAvailable() {
+			return false
+		}
+		image := kvm.FindImage(templateID)
+		if image == nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		enabledSet := getEnabledImageSet()
+		downloaded, _ := kvm.ImageDownloadedInfo(image.ID)
+		return enabledSet[image.ID] && downloaded
+	}
 	tmpl := lxc.FindTemplate(templateID)
 	if tmpl == nil {
 		return false
@@ -281,6 +596,13 @@ func isTemplateEnabledAndDownloaded(templateID string) bool {
 	return enabledSet[tmpl.ID] && isImageDownloaded(tmpl.Distro, tmpl.Release, tmpl.Arch)
 }
 
+func hostKVMAvailable() bool {
+	if runtime.GOARCH != "amd64" && runtime.GOARCH != "arm64" {
+		return false
+	}
+	return fileExists("/dev/kvm") && commandExists("virsh") && commandExists(kvmQEMUCheckKey())
+}
+
 func ensureImageEnabled(id string) {
 	// If the enabled list is empty, all templates are currently enabled by default.
 	// We must populate the list with all template IDs first so that explicit toggles stick.
@@ -288,6 +610,9 @@ func ensureImageEnabled(id string) {
 		for _, t := range lxc.GetTemplates() {
 			config.AppConfig.EnabledImages = append(config.AppConfig.EnabledImages, t.ID)
 		}
+		for _, t := range kvm.GetImages() {
+			config.AppConfig.EnabledImages = append(config.AppConfig.EnabledImages, t.ID)
+		}
 		config.SaveConfig()
 		return // Already contains all IDs including this one
 	}
@@ -313,6 +638,11 @@ func removeImageEnabled(id string) {
 				config.AppConfig.EnabledImages = append(config.AppConfig.EnabledImages, t.ID)
 			}
 		}
+		for _, t := range kvm.GetImages() {
+			if t.ID != id {
+				config.AppConfig.EnabledImages = append(config.AppConfig.EnabledImages, t.ID)
+			}
+		}
 		config.SaveConfig()
 		return
 	}

backend/internal/api/ipv6.go

@@ -7,12 +7,15 @@ func HandleIPv6Status(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "ipv6:read") {
+		return
+	}
 	status := lxcManager.DetectIPv6Status()
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: status})
 }
 
 func assignIPv6(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
-	c, err := lxcManager.AssignIPv6(id)
+	c, err := assignIPv6ByRuntime(id)
 	if err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return

backend/internal/api/origins.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	"clicd/internal/config"
+)
+
+type webSSHOriginSettingsRequest struct {
+	Origins              []string `json:"origins"`
+	WebSSHAllowedOrigins []string `json:"webssh_allowed_origins"`
+}
+
+type webSSHOriginSettingsResponse struct {
+	Origins       []string `json:"origins"`
+	CurrentOrigin string   `json:"current_origin,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func HandleWebSSHOriginSettings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	switch r.Method {
+	case http.MethodGet:
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: webSSHOriginSettingsStatus(r)})
+	case http.MethodPut:
+		updateWebSSHOriginSettings(w, r)
+	default:
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
+	}
+}
+
+func updateWebSSHOriginSettings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	var req webSSHOriginSettingsRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid request body"})
+		return
+	}
+	origins := req.Origins
+	if len(origins) == 0 && len(req.WebSSHAllowedOrigins) > 0 {
+		origins = req.WebSSHAllowedOrigins
+	}
+	normalized, err := config.NormalizeAllowedOrigins(origins)
+	if err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+	config.AppConfig.WebSSHAllowedOrigins = normalized
+	if err := config.SaveConfig(); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Save Origin allowlist failed"})
+		return
+	}
+	auditRequest(r, "settings.webssh_origins", "WebSSH Origin", "origins="+strings.Join(normalized, ","), true, "")
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "Origin allowlist saved", Data: webSSHOriginSettingsStatus(r)})
+}
+
+func webSSHOriginSettingsStatus(r *http.Request) webSSHOriginSettingsResponse {
+	origins := config.AppConfig.WebSSHAllowedOrigins
+	if origins == nil {
+		origins = []string{}
+	}
+	return webSSHOriginSettingsResponse{
+		Origins:       origins,
+		CurrentOrigin: requestOrigin(r),
+	}
+}
+
+func requestOrigin(r *http.Request) string {
+	host := strings.TrimSpace(r.Host)
+	if host == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	scheme := "http"
+	if r.TLS != nil {
+		scheme = "https"
+	}
+	if forwarded := strings.TrimSpace(r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-Proto")); forwarded != "" {
+		scheme = strings.ToLower(strings.Split(forwarded, ",")[0])
+	}
+	return scheme + "://" + host
+}

backend/internal/api/oversell.go

@@ -1,227 +0,0 @@
-package api
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-
-	"clicd/internal/config"
-)
-
-// HandleOversell handles GET/POST for oversell config
-func HandleOversell(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	switch r.Method {
-	case http.MethodGet:
-		getOversell(w, r)
-	case http.MethodPost:
-		updateOversell(w, r)
-	default:
-		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
-	}
-}
-
-func getOversell(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: config.AppConfig.Oversell})
-}
-
-func updateOversell(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	var cfg config.OversellConfig
-	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&cfg); err != nil {
-		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid request body"})
-		return
-	}
-	if cfg.SubUserSnapshotLimit <= 0 {
-		cfg.SubUserSnapshotLimit = 3
-	}
-
-	// Apply KSM
-	if cfg.KSMEnabled {
-		exec.Command("sh", "-c", "echo 1 > /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/run 2>/dev/null").Run()
-		exec.Command("sh", "-c", "echo 1000 > /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/sleep_millisecs 2>/dev/null").Run()
-	} else {
-		exec.Command("sh", "-c", "echo 0 > /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/run 2>/dev/null").Run()
-	}
-
-	// Apply swappiness
-	if cfg.Swappiness >= 0 && cfg.Swappiness <= 100 {
-		exec.Command("sh", "-c", fmt.Sprintf("echo %d > /proc/sys/vm/swappiness", cfg.Swappiness)).Run()
-	}
-
-	// Oversell multipliers are capacity-planning values. They must not increase
-	// an individual container's CPU or RAM limits.
-	reapplyContainerLimits()
-
-	config.AppConfig.Oversell = cfg
-	if err := config.SaveConfig(); err != nil {
-		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Failed to save config"})
-		return
-	}
-
-	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "Oversell config updated", Data: cfg})
-}
-
-// reapplyContainerLimits restores cgroup limits for all running containers from
-// their assigned container resources.
-func reapplyContainerLimits() {
-	for _, c := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
-		if c.Status != "running" {
-			continue
-		}
-		if err := lxcManager.ApplyContainerLimits(&c); err != nil {
-			fmt.Printf("Warning: failed to reapply resource limits for %s: %v\n", c.LxcName(), err)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// HandleOversellStatus returns current oversell resource usage
-func HandleOversellStatus(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	if r.Method != http.MethodGet {
-		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
-		return
-	}
-
-	status := map[string]interface{}{
-		"ksm_active":        isKSMEnabled(),
-		"ksm_pages":         getKSMPages(),
-		"ksm_supported":     isKSMSupported(),
-		"swappiness":        getSwappiness(),
-		"reclaim_supported": isMemoryReclaimSupported(),
-		"allocated_cpu":     getAllocatedCPU(),
-		"allocated_ram_mb":  getAllocatedRAM(),
-		"allocated_disk_gb": getAllocatedDisk(),
-	}
-
-	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: status})
-}
-
-// HandleOversellReclaim triggers one cgroup v2 memory.reclaim pass for running containers.
-func HandleOversellReclaim(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	if r.Method != http.MethodPost {
-		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
-		return
-	}
-
-	result := reclaimContainerMemory()
-	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "Memory reclaim triggered", Data: result})
-}
-
-func reclaimContainerMemory() map[string]interface{} {
-	attempted := 0
-	reclaimed := 0
-	unsupported := 0
-	errors := make([]string, 0)
-
-	for _, c := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
-		if c.Status != "running" {
-			continue
-		}
-		attempted++
-		reclaimPath := findMemoryReclaimPath(c.LxcName())
-		if reclaimPath == "" {
-			unsupported++
-			continue
-		}
-		if err := os.WriteFile(reclaimPath, []byte("64M"), 0644); err != nil {
-			errors = append(errors, fmt.Sprintf("%s: %v", c.Name, err))
-			continue
-		}
-		reclaimed++
-	}
-
-	return map[string]interface{}{
-		"attempted":   attempted,
-		"reclaimed":   reclaimed,
-		"unsupported": unsupported,
-		"errors":      errors,
-	}
-}
-
-func isKSMEnabled() bool {
-	data, err := os.ReadFile("/sys/kernel/mm/ksm/run")
-	if err != nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	return strings.TrimSpace(string(data)) == "1"
-}
-
-func isKSMSupported() bool {
-	if _, err := os.Stat("/sys/kernel/mm/ksm/run"); err != nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-func getKSMPages() int64 {
-	data, err := os.ReadFile("/sys/kernel/mm/ksm/pages_shared")
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0
-	}
-	val, _ := strconv.ParseInt(strings.TrimSpace(string(data)), 10, 64)
-	return val
-}
-
-func getSwappiness() int {
-	data, err := os.ReadFile("/proc/sys/vm/swappiness")
-	if err != nil {
-		return 60
-	}
-	val, _ := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(string(data)))
-	return val
-}
-
-func isMemoryReclaimSupported() bool {
-	if _, err := os.Stat("/sys/fs/cgroup/memory.reclaim"); err == nil {
-		return true
-	}
-	for _, c := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
-		if c.Status != "running" {
-			continue
-		}
-		if findMemoryReclaimPath(c.LxcName()) != "" {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func findMemoryReclaimPath(lxcName string) string {
-	candidates := []string{
-		fmt.Sprintf("/sys/fs/cgroup/lxc/%s/memory.reclaim", lxcName),
-		fmt.Sprintf("/sys/fs/cgroup/lxc.payload.%s/memory.reclaim", lxcName),
-		fmt.Sprintf("/sys/fs/cgroup/system.slice/lxc@%s.service/memory.reclaim", lxcName),
-	}
-	for _, path := range candidates {
-		if _, err := os.Stat(path); err == nil {
-			return path
-		}
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
-func getAllocatedCPU() float64 {
-	total := 0.0
-	for _, c := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
-		total += c.VCPU
-	}
-	return total
-}
-
-func getAllocatedRAM() int64 {
-	total := int64(0)
-	for _, c := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
-		total += int64(c.RAMMB)
-	}
-	return total
-}
-
-func getAllocatedDisk() int64 {
-	total := int64(0)
-	for _, c := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
-		total += int64(c.DiskGB)
-	}
-	return total
-}

backend/internal/api/routing.go

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 package api
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/netip"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 
@@ -15,18 +17,35 @@ type routeCapacity struct {
 	Total     string `json:"total"`
 }
 
+type nat4PortRange struct {
+	Start int `json:"start"`
+	End   int `json:"end"`
+}
+
 type nat4Route struct {
 	ContainerID   int    `json:"container_id"`
 	ContainerName string `json:"container_name"`
 	LXCName       string `json:"lxc_name"`
 	Status        string `json:"status"`
 	IP            string `json:"ip"`
+	HostIP        string `json:"host_ip"`
 	HostPort      int    `json:"host_port"`
 	ContainerPort int    `json:"container_port"`
 	Protocol      string `json:"protocol"`
 	Description   string `json:"description"`
 }
 
+type ipv4Route struct {
+	ContainerID   int    `json:"container_id"`
+	ContainerName string `json:"container_name"`
+	LXCName       string `json:"lxc_name"`
+	Status        string `json:"status"`
+	Address       string `json:"address"`
+	Interface     string `json:"interface"`
+	PrefixLen     int    `json:"prefix_len,omitempty"`
+	Gateway       string `json:"gateway,omitempty"`
+}
+
 type ipv6Route struct {
 	ContainerID   int    `json:"container_id"`
 	ContainerName string `json:"container_name"`
@@ -38,29 +57,82 @@ type ipv6Route struct {
 }
 
 type routingResponse struct {
-	NAT4            routeCapacity        `json:"nat4"`
-	IPv6            routeCapacity        `json:"ipv6"`
-	NAT4Mappings    []nat4Route          `json:"nat4_mappings"`
-	IPv6Assignments []ipv6Route          `json:"ipv6_assignments"`
-	IPv6Prefixes    []lxc.IPv6PrefixInfo `json:"ipv6_prefixes"`
+	NAT4                routeCapacity        `json:"nat4"`
+	NAT4PortRange       nat4PortRange        `json:"nat4_port_range"`
+	IPv4                routeCapacity        `json:"ipv4"`
+	IPv6                routeCapacity        `json:"ipv6"`
+	HostPublicIPv4      lxc.PublicIPInfo     `json:"host_public_ipv4"`
+	PublicIPv4Addresses []lxc.PublicIPInfo   `json:"public_ipv4_addresses"`
+	IPv4Assignments     []ipv4Route          `json:"ipv4_assignments"`
+	NAT4Mappings        []nat4Route          `json:"nat4_mappings"`
+	IPv6Assignments     []ipv6Route          `json:"ipv6_assignments"`
+	IPv6Prefixes        []lxc.IPv6PrefixInfo `json:"ipv6_prefixes"`
+}
+
+type routingPoolsRequest struct {
+	Addresses     *[]string                      `json:"addresses"`
+	Items         *[]config.PublicIPv4Assignment `json:"items"`
+	IPv6Prefixes  *[]config.PublicIPv6Prefix     `json:"ipv6_prefixes"`
+	NAT4PortRange *nat4PortRange                 `json:"nat4_port_range"`
+}
+
+type publicIPv4ScanRequest struct {
+	CIDR      string `json:"cidr"`
+	Interface string `json:"interface"`
+	Gateway   string `json:"gateway"`
+	Verify    bool   `json:"verify"`
+	Limit     int    `json:"limit"`
 }
 
 func HandleRouting(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	if r.Method != http.MethodGet {
+	switch r.Method {
+	case http.MethodGet:
+		handleRoutingGet(w, r)
+	case http.MethodPut:
+		handleRoutingPoolsUpdate(w, r)
+	default:
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
+	}
+}
+
+func HandleRoutingIPv4Scan(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if r.Method != http.MethodPost {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
+		return
+	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "routing:write") {
+		return
+	}
+	var req publicIPv4ScanRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid request body"})
+		return
+	}
+	results, err := lxc.ScanPublicIPv4Segment(req.CIDR, req.Interface, req.Gateway, req.Verify, req.Limit)
+	if err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: results})
+}
+
+func handleRoutingGet(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if !hasAnyScope(r, "routing:read", "routing:write") {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Insufficient API key scope"})
 		return
 	}
 
 	nat4Mappings := make([]nat4Route, 0)
 	usedPorts := map[int]bool{}
+	ipv4Assignments := make([]ipv4Route, 0)
 	ipv6Assignments := make([]ipv6Route, 0)
 
-	const nat4StartPort = 20000
-	const nat4EndPort = 65535
+	nat4StartPort, nat4EndPort := config.NATPortRange()
 
-	for _, c := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
+	for i := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
+		c := &config.AppConfig.Containers[i]
 		for _, pm := range c.PortMappings {
-			if pm.HostPort >= nat4StartPort && pm.HostPort <= nat4EndPort {
+			if config.NATPortInRange(pm.HostPort) {
 				usedPorts[pm.HostPort] = true
 			}
 			nat4Mappings = append(nat4Mappings, nat4Route{
@@ -69,35 +141,61 @@ func HandleRouting(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 				LXCName:       c.LxcName(),
 				Status:        c.Status,
 				IP:            c.IP,
+				HostIP:        pm.HostIP,
 				HostPort:      pm.HostPort,
 				ContainerPort: pm.ContainerPort,
 				Protocol:      pm.Protocol,
 				Description:   pm.Description,
 			})
 		}
-		if c.IPv6 != "" {
+		for _, ip := range c.PublicIPv4s {
+			if ip.Address == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			ipv4Assignments = append(ipv4Assignments, ipv4Route{
+				ContainerID:   c.ID,
+				ContainerName: c.Name,
+				LXCName:       c.LxcName(),
+				Status:        c.Status,
+				Address:       ip.Address,
+				Interface:     ip.Interface,
+				PrefixLen:     ip.PrefixLen,
+				Gateway:       ip.Gateway,
+			})
+		}
+		c.NormalizeNetworkAssignments()
+		for _, ip := range c.IPv6Addresses {
+			if ip.Address == "" {
+				continue
+			}
 			ipv6Assignments = append(ipv6Assignments, ipv6Route{
 				ContainerID:   c.ID,
 				ContainerName: c.Name,
 				LXCName:       c.LxcName(),
 				Status:        c.Status,
-				Address:       c.IPv6,
-				PrefixLen:     c.IPv6PrefixLen,
-				Interface:     c.IPv6Interface,
+				Address:       ip.Address,
+				PrefixLen:     ip.PrefixLen,
+				Interface:     ip.Interface,
 			})
 		}
 	}
 	sort.SliceStable(nat4Mappings, func(i, j int) bool {
 		if nat4Mappings[i].HostPort == nat4Mappings[j].HostPort {
+			if nat4Mappings[i].HostIP != nat4Mappings[j].HostIP {
+				return nat4Mappings[i].HostIP < nat4Mappings[j].HostIP
+			}
 			return nat4Mappings[i].ContainerName < nat4Mappings[j].ContainerName
 		}
 		return nat4Mappings[i].HostPort < nat4Mappings[j].HostPort
 	})
+	sort.SliceStable(ipv4Assignments, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return ipv4Assignments[i].Address < ipv4Assignments[j].Address
+	})
 	sort.SliceStable(ipv6Assignments, func(i, j int) bool {
 		return ipv6Assignments[i].Address < ipv6Assignments[j].Address
 	})
 
-	const totalNAT4Ports = nat4EndPort - nat4StartPort + 1
+	totalNAT4Ports := config.NATPortCapacity()
 	nat4Used := len(usedPorts)
 	nat4Remaining := totalNAT4Ports - nat4Used
 	if nat4Remaining < 0 {
@@ -105,12 +203,16 @@ func HandleRouting(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}
 
 	prefixes := lxc.DetectPublicIPv6Prefixes()
-	ipv6Total := "0"
-	ipv6Remaining := "0"
-	if len(prefixes) > 0 {
-		ipv6Total = lxc.IPv6PrefixCapacity(prefixes[0].PrefixLen)
-		ipv6Remaining = subtractCapacity(ipv6Total, len(ipv6Assignments))
+	hostPublicIPv4 := lxc.DetectPublicIPv4()
+	publicIPv4s := lxc.DetectPublicIPv4Candidates()
+	ipv4Total := len(publicIPv4s)
+	ipv4Used := len(ipv4Assignments)
+	ipv4Remaining := ipv4Total - ipv4Used
+	if ipv4Remaining < 0 {
+		ipv4Remaining = 0
 	}
+	ipv6Total := totalIPv6Capacity(prefixes)
+	ipv6Remaining := subtractCapacity(ipv6Total, len(ipv6Assignments))
 
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{
 		Success: true,
@@ -120,18 +222,160 @@ func HandleRouting(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 				Remaining: strconv.Itoa(nat4Remaining),
 				Total:     strconv.Itoa(totalNAT4Ports),
 			},
+			NAT4PortRange: nat4PortRange{
+				Start: nat4StartPort,
+				End:   nat4EndPort,
+			},
+			IPv4: routeCapacity{
+				Used:      ipv4Used,
+				Remaining: strconv.Itoa(ipv4Remaining),
+				Total:     strconv.Itoa(ipv4Total),
+			},
 			IPv6: routeCapacity{
 				Used:      len(ipv6Assignments),
 				Remaining: ipv6Remaining,
 				Total:     ipv6Total,
 			},
-			NAT4Mappings:    nat4Mappings,
-			IPv6Assignments: ipv6Assignments,
-			IPv6Prefixes:    prefixes,
+			HostPublicIPv4:      hostPublicIPv4,
+			PublicIPv4Addresses: publicIPv4s,
+			IPv4Assignments:     ipv4Assignments,
+			NAT4Mappings:        nat4Mappings,
+			IPv6Assignments:     ipv6Assignments,
+			IPv6Prefixes:        prefixes,
 		},
 	})
 }
 
+func handleRoutingPoolsUpdate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "routing:write") {
+		return
+	}
+	var req routingPoolsRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid request body"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if req.NAT4PortRange != nil {
+		start, end, err := config.NormalizeNATPortRange(req.NAT4PortRange.Start, req.NAT4PortRange.End)
+		if err != nil {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+			return
+		}
+		config.AppConfig.NATPortStart = start
+		config.AppConfig.NATPortEnd = end
+		if config.AppConfig.NextSSHPort < start || config.AppConfig.NextSSHPort > end {
+			config.AppConfig.NextSSHPort = start
+		}
+	}
+
+	if req.Items != nil || req.Addresses != nil {
+		items := []config.PublicIPv4Assignment{}
+		if req.Items != nil {
+			items = *req.Items
+		} else if req.Addresses != nil {
+			items = make([]config.PublicIPv4Assignment, 0, len(*req.Addresses))
+			for _, address := range *req.Addresses {
+				items = append(items, config.PublicIPv4Assignment{Address: address})
+			}
+		}
+		normalized, err := lxc.NormalizePublicIPv4Pool(items)
+		if err != nil {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+			return
+		}
+		allowed := map[string]bool{}
+		for _, item := range normalized {
+			allowed[item.Address] = true
+		}
+		for _, c := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
+			for _, item := range c.PublicIPv4s {
+				if item.Address != "" && !allowed[item.Address] {
+					jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{
+						Success: false,
+						Message: "IPv4 " + item.Address + " is assigned to container " + c.Name + " and cannot be removed from the pool",
+					})
+					return
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		config.AppConfig.PublicIPv4Pool = normalized
+	}
+
+	if req.IPv6Prefixes != nil {
+		normalized, err := lxc.NormalizePublicIPv6Prefixes(*req.IPv6Prefixes)
+		if err != nil {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+			return
+		}
+		parsedPrefixes := make([]netip.Prefix, 0, len(normalized))
+		for _, item := range normalized {
+			prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(item.Prefix)
+			if err == nil {
+				parsedPrefixes = append(parsedPrefixes, prefix)
+			}
+		}
+		for _, c := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
+			c.NormalizeNetworkAssignments()
+			for _, item := range c.IPv6Addresses {
+				if item.Address == "" {
+					continue
+				}
+				addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(item.Address)
+				if err != nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				contained := false
+				for _, prefix := range parsedPrefixes {
+					if prefix.Contains(addr) {
+						contained = true
+						break
+					}
+				}
+				if !contained {
+					jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{
+						Success: false,
+						Message: "IPv6 " + item.Address + " is assigned to container " + c.Name + " and cannot be removed from the pool",
+					})
+					return
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		config.AppConfig.PublicIPv6Prefixes = normalized
+	}
+
+	if err := config.SaveConfig(); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Failed to save configuration"})
+		return
+	}
+	handleRoutingGet(w, r)
+}
+
+func totalIPv6Capacity(prefixes []lxc.IPv6PrefixInfo) string {
+	if len(prefixes) == 0 {
+		return "0"
+	}
+	var total uint64
+	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
+		capacity := lxc.IPv6PrefixCapacity(prefix.PrefixLen)
+		if capacity == "large" {
+			return "large"
+		}
+		parsed, err := strconv.ParseUint(capacity, 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if ^uint64(0)-total < parsed {
+			return "large"
+		}
+		total += parsed
+	}
+	if total == 0 {
+		return "0"
+	}
+	return strconv.FormatUint(total, 10)
+}
+
 func subtractCapacity(total string, used int) string {
 	if total == "" || total == "0" {
 		return "0"

backend/internal/api/routing_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"clicd/internal/config"
+)
+
+func TestHandleRoutingGetAllowsRoutingWriteScope(t *testing.T) {
+	config.AppConfig = &config.ClicdConfig{}
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/v1/routing", nil)
+	req = withAuthContext(req, AuthContext{
+		Type:   authTypeAPIKey,
+		Scopes: []string{"routing:write"},
+	})
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handleRoutingGet(rec, req)
+
+	if rec.Code == http.StatusForbidden {
+		t.Fatal("routing:write scope should be able to receive the routing response after updates")
+	}
+}

backend/internal/api/runtime.go

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"clicd/internal/config"
+	"clicd/internal/kvm"
+	"clicd/internal/lxc"
+)
+
+var kvmManager = kvm.NewManager()
+
+const noNetworkSelectedMessage = "请勾选任意一个可用网络"
+
+func runtimeFromRequest(value string) string {
+	return config.NormalizeVirtualization(value)
+}
+
+func hasRequestedNetwork(cfg lxc.ContainerConfig) bool {
+	return cfg.WantsNAT() || cfg.AssignIPv4 || len(cfg.PublicIPv4s) > 0 || cfg.AssignIPv6 || len(cfg.IPv6Addresses) > 0
+}
+
+func runtimeFromTemplateID(templateID string) string {
+	if kvm.FindImage(templateID) != nil {
+		return config.VirtualizationKVM
+	}
+	return config.VirtualizationLXC
+}
+
+func createByRuntime(cfg lxc.ContainerConfig) error {
+	cfg.Virtualization = runtimeFromRequest(cfg.Virtualization)
+	cfg.NormalizeResourceAliases()
+	if cfg.Virtualization == config.VirtualizationKVM {
+		return kvmManager.CreateContainer(cfg)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.CreateContainer(cfg)
+}
+
+func validateCreateSSHAuth(cfg lxc.ContainerConfig) error {
+	if cfg.Virtualization == config.VirtualizationKVM && kvm.IsWindowsImage(cfg.TemplateID) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	_, err := lxc.ResolveCreateSSHAccess(cfg)
+	return err
+}
+
+func validateReinstallSSHAuth(c *config.Container, templateID string, cfg lxc.ContainerConfig) error {
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() && kvm.IsWindowsImage(templateID) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	currentPassword := ""
+	if c != nil {
+		currentPassword = c.SSHPassword
+	}
+	_, err := lxc.ResolveReinstallSSHAccess(currentPassword, cfg)
+	return err
+}
+
+func startByRuntime(id int) error {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.StartContainer(id)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.StartContainer(id)
+}
+
+func stopByRuntime(id int) error {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.StopContainer(id)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.StopContainer(id)
+}
+
+func restartByRuntime(id int) error {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.RestartContainer(id)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.RestartContainer(id)
+}
+
+func destroyByRuntime(id int) error {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.DestroyContainer(id)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.DestroyContainer(id)
+}
+
+func reinstallByRuntime(id int, templateID string, authConfig ...lxc.ContainerConfig) error {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.ReinstallContainer(id, templateID, authConfig...)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.ReinstallContainer(id, templateID, authConfig...)
+}
+
+func resetPasswordByRuntime(id int, password string) (string, error) {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.ResetSSHPassword(id, password)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.ResetSSHPassword(id, password)
+}
+
+func assignIPv6ByRuntime(id int) (*config.Container, error) {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.AssignIPv6(id)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.AssignIPv6(id)
+}
+
+func usageByRuntime(id int) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.GetResourceUsage(id)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.GetResourceUsage(id)
+}
+
+func trafficByRuntime(id int) map[string]interface{} {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.GetTrafficInfo(id)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.GetTrafficInfo(id)
+}
+
+func createSnapshotByRuntime(id int, createdBy string, scheduled bool, rotateLimit int) (config.Snapshot, error) {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.CreateSnapshot(id, createdBy, scheduled, rotateLimit)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.CreateSnapshot(id, createdBy, scheduled, rotateLimit)
+}
+
+func deleteSnapshotByRuntime(snapshotID string) error {
+	snapshot := config.FindSnapshot(snapshotID)
+	if snapshot != nil {
+		if c := config.FindContainer(snapshot.ContainerID); c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+			return kvmManager.DeleteSnapshot(snapshotID)
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(snapshot.Path, string(os.PathSeparator)+"kvm"+string(os.PathSeparator)) {
+			return kvmManager.DeleteSnapshot(snapshotID)
+		}
+	}
+	return lxcManager.DeleteSnapshot(snapshotID)
+}
+
+func restoreSnapshotByRuntime(snapshotID string) error {
+	snapshot := config.FindSnapshot(snapshotID)
+	if snapshot != nil {
+		if c := config.FindContainer(snapshot.ContainerID); c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+			return kvmManager.RestoreSnapshot(snapshotID)
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(snapshot.Path, string(os.PathSeparator)+"kvm"+string(os.PathSeparator)) {
+			return kvmManager.RestoreSnapshot(snapshotID)
+		}
+	}
+	return lxcManager.RestoreSnapshot(snapshotID)
+}
+
+func setSnapshotScheduleByRuntime(id int, enabled bool, intervalHours int, scheduleTime string, createdBy string) (*config.Container, error) {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.SetSnapshotSchedule(id, enabled, intervalHours, scheduleTime, createdBy)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.SetSnapshotSchedule(id, enabled, intervalHours, scheduleTime, createdBy)
+}
+
+func applyLimitsByRuntime(c *config.Container) error {
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.ApplyContainerLimits(c)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.ApplyContainerLimits(c)
+}
+
+func listByRuntime() ([]config.Container, error) {
+	containers, err := lxcManager.ListContainers()
+	if err != nil {
+		containers = config.AppConfig.Containers
+	}
+	containers = kvmManager.ListContainers(containers)
+	return containers, err
+}
+
+func validateRuntimeResourceRequest(runtime string, vcpu float64, ramMB int, diskGB int) error {
+	if runtime == config.VirtualizationKVM {
+		if vcpu < 1 || math.Abs(vcpu-math.Round(vcpu)) > 0.000001 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("KVM vCPU must be a whole number and at least 1")
+		}
+	}
+	return validateContainerResourceRequest(vcpu, ramMB, diskGB)
+}

backend/internal/api/security.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
+	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -48,15 +49,19 @@ type connEntry struct {
 }
 
 type trafficStats struct {
-	total           int
-	totalSynSent    int
-	destCounts      map[string]int
-	destPorts       map[string]map[int]int
-	portDestCounts  map[int]map[string]int
-	portTotalCounts map[int]int
-	udpDestCounts   map[int]map[string]int
-	udpTotalCounts  map[int]int
-	synSentByDst    map[string]int
+	total                 int
+	totalSynSent          int
+	destCounts            map[string]int
+	destPorts             map[string]map[int]int
+	portDestCounts        map[int]map[string]int
+	portTotalCounts       map[int]int
+	udpDestCounts         map[int]map[string]int
+	udpTotalCounts        map[int]int
+	udpDestTotalCounts    map[string]int
+	synSentByDst          map[string]int
+	tcpSynDestPorts       map[string]map[int]int
+	tcpSynPortDestCounts  map[int]map[string]int
+	tcpSynPortTotalCounts map[int]int
 }
 
 var scanner *SecurityScanner
@@ -179,6 +184,12 @@ func (ss *SecurityScanner) monitorLoop() {
 	}
 }
 
+func (ss *SecurityScanner) alertCount() int {
+	ss.mu.Lock()
+	defer ss.mu.Unlock()
+	return len(ss.alerts)
+}
+
 func (ss *SecurityScanner) checkAllContainers() {
 	for _, c := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
 		if c.Status != "running" || c.IP == "" {
@@ -207,6 +218,7 @@ func (ss *SecurityScanner) checkContainer(name, ip string) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	alertBefore := ss.alertCount()
 	ss.detectPortScans(name, ip, stats)
 	ss.detectBruteForce(name, ip, stats)
 	ss.detectSpam(name, ip, stats)
@@ -215,17 +227,26 @@ func (ss *SecurityScanner) checkContainer(name, ip string) {
 	ss.detectMining(name, ip, stats)
 	ss.detectProxyAndTor(name, ip, stats)
 	ss.detectMalware(name, ip, stats)
+
+	// If new alerts were generated, snapshot the conntrack data for later retrieval.
+	if ss.alertCount() > alertBefore {
+		config.SaveConntrackSnapshot(ip, lines)
+	}
 }
 
 func newTrafficStats() *trafficStats {
 	return &trafficStats{
-		destCounts:      make(map[string]int),
-		destPorts:       make(map[string]map[int]int),
-		portDestCounts:  make(map[int]map[string]int),
-		portTotalCounts: make(map[int]int),
-		udpDestCounts:   make(map[int]map[string]int),
-		udpTotalCounts:  make(map[int]int),
-		synSentByDst:    make(map[string]int),
+		destCounts:            make(map[string]int),
+		destPorts:             make(map[string]map[int]int),
+		portDestCounts:        make(map[int]map[string]int),
+		portTotalCounts:       make(map[int]int),
+		udpDestCounts:         make(map[int]map[string]int),
+		udpTotalCounts:        make(map[int]int),
+		synSentByDst:          make(map[string]int),
+		udpDestTotalCounts:    make(map[string]int),
+		tcpSynDestPorts:       make(map[string]map[int]int),
+		tcpSynPortDestCounts:  make(map[int]map[string]int),
+		tcpSynPortTotalCounts: make(map[int]int),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -251,52 +272,64 @@ func (ts *trafficStats) add(conn connEntry) {
 			}
 			ts.udpDestCounts[conn.dstPort][conn.dstIP]++
 			ts.udpTotalCounts[conn.dstPort]++
+			ts.udpDestTotalCounts[conn.dstIP]++
 		}
 	}
 
-	if conn.state == "SYN_SENT" {
+	if conn.proto == "tcp" && conn.state == "SYN_SENT" {
 		ts.totalSynSent++
 		ts.synSentByDst[conn.dstIP]++
+		if conn.dstPort > 0 {
+			if ts.tcpSynDestPorts[conn.dstIP] == nil {
+				ts.tcpSynDestPorts[conn.dstIP] = make(map[int]int)
+			}
+			ts.tcpSynDestPorts[conn.dstIP][conn.dstPort]++
+			if ts.tcpSynPortDestCounts[conn.dstPort] == nil {
+				ts.tcpSynPortDestCounts[conn.dstPort] = make(map[string]int)
+			}
+			ts.tcpSynPortDestCounts[conn.dstPort][conn.dstIP]++
+			ts.tcpSynPortTotalCounts[conn.dstPort]++
+		}
 	}
 }
 
 func (ss *SecurityScanner) detectPortScans(name, ip string, stats *trafficStats) {
-	for dstIP, portCounts := range stats.destPorts {
+	for dstIP, portCounts := range stats.tcpSynDestPorts {
 		uniquePorts := len(portCounts)
 		switch {
-		case uniquePorts >= 20:
+		case uniquePorts >= 25:
 			ss.addAlert(name, "port_scan", "high", ip, dstIP, 0,
-				fmt.Sprintf("端口扫描: 同一目标 %s 出现 %d 个不同目标端口", dstIP, uniquePorts),
+				fmt.Sprintf("端口扫描: 同一目标 %s 出现 %d 个不同 TCP 半开目标端口", dstIP, uniquePorts),
 				"")
-		case uniquePorts >= 8:
+		case uniquePorts >= 12:
 			ss.addAlert(name, "port_scan", "medium", ip, dstIP, 0,
-				fmt.Sprintf("可疑端口探测: 同一目标 %s 出现 %d 个不同目标端口", dstIP, uniquePorts),
+				fmt.Sprintf("可疑端口探测: 同一目标 %s 出现 %d 个不同 TCP 半开目标端口", dstIP, uniquePorts),
 				"")
 		}
 	}
 
-	for port, targets := range stats.portDestCounts {
+	for port, targets := range stats.tcpSynPortDestCounts {
 		uniqueTargets := len(targets)
 		if service, ok := bruteForcePorts[port]; ok {
 			if uniqueTargets >= 30 {
 				ss.addAlert(name, "brute_force", "critical", ip, "*", port,
-					fmt.Sprintf("横向爆破: 目标服务 %s(%d) 覆盖 %d 个不同 IP", service, port, uniqueTargets),
+					fmt.Sprintf("横向爆破: 目标服务 %s(%d) 出现 TCP 半开连接并覆盖 %d 个不同 IP", service, port, uniqueTargets),
 					"")
-			} else if uniqueTargets >= 10 {
+			} else if uniqueTargets >= 12 {
 				ss.addAlert(name, "brute_force", "high", ip, "*", port,
-					fmt.Sprintf("疑似横向爆破: 目标服务 %s(%d) 覆盖 %d 个不同 IP", service, port, uniqueTargets),
+					fmt.Sprintf("疑似横向爆破: 目标服务 %s(%d) 出现 TCP 半开连接并覆盖 %d 个不同 IP", service, port, uniqueTargets),
 					"")
 			}
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if uniqueTargets >= 40 {
+		if uniqueTargets >= 50 {
 			ss.addAlert(name, "horizontal_scan", "high", ip, "*", port,
-				fmt.Sprintf("横向扫描: 同一端口 %d 覆盖 %d 个不同目标", port, uniqueTargets),
+				fmt.Sprintf("横向扫描: 同一 TCP 端口 %d 出现半开连接并覆盖 %d 个不同目标", port, uniqueTargets),
 				"")
-		} else if uniqueTargets >= 15 {
+		} else if uniqueTargets >= 20 {
 			ss.addAlert(name, "horizontal_scan", "medium", ip, "*", port,
-				fmt.Sprintf("可疑横向探测: 同一端口 %d 覆盖 %d 个不同目标", port, uniqueTargets),
+				fmt.Sprintf("可疑横向探测: 同一 TCP 端口 %d 出现半开连接并覆盖 %d 个不同目标", port, uniqueTargets),
 				"")
 		}
 	}
@@ -310,13 +343,25 @@ func (ss *SecurityScanner) detectBruteForce(name, ip string, stats *trafficStats
 				continue
 			}
 
-			if count >= 20 {
+			synCount := 0
+			if ports := stats.tcpSynDestPorts[dstIP]; ports != nil {
+				synCount = ports[port]
+			}
+			if synCount >= 25 {
 				ss.addAlert(name, "brute_force", "critical", ip, dstIP, port,
-					fmt.Sprintf("暴力破解: %s(%d) 当前连接数 %d", service, port, count),
+					fmt.Sprintf("暴力破解: %s(%d) 当前 TCP 半开连接 %d 条", service, port, synCount),
 					"")
-			} else if count >= 10 {
+			} else if synCount >= 12 {
 				ss.addAlert(name, "brute_force", "high", ip, dstIP, port,
-					fmt.Sprintf("疑似暴力破解: %s(%d) 当前连接数 %d", service, port, count),
+					fmt.Sprintf("疑似暴力破解: %s(%d) 当前 TCP 半开连接 %d 条", service, port, synCount),
+					"")
+			} else if count >= 60 {
+				ss.addAlert(name, "brute_force", "critical", ip, dstIP, port,
+					fmt.Sprintf("暴力破解: %s(%d) 当前连接数 %d 条", service, port, count),
+					"")
+			} else if count >= 30 {
+				ss.addAlert(name, "brute_force", "high", ip, dstIP, port,
+					fmt.Sprintf("疑似暴力破解: %s(%d) 当前连接数 %d 条", service, port, count),
 					"")
 			}
 		}
@@ -343,30 +388,41 @@ func (ss *SecurityScanner) detectSpam(name, ip string, stats *trafficStats) {
 func (ss *SecurityScanner) detectMassAbuse(name, ip string, stats *trafficStats) {
 	targets := len(stats.destCounts)
 	switch {
-	case targets >= 100:
+	case targets >= 120 && stats.total >= 600:
 		ss.addAlert(name, "ddos", "critical", ip, "*", 0,
-			fmt.Sprintf("大规模对外连接: 当前覆盖 %d 个不同目标", targets),
+			fmt.Sprintf("大规模对外连接: 当前 conntrack 出站记录 %d 条，覆盖 %d 个不同目标", stats.total, targets),
 			"")
-	case targets >= 35:
+	case targets >= 60 && stats.total >= 300:
 		ss.addAlert(name, "ddos", "high", ip, "*", 0,
-			fmt.Sprintf("大量对外连接: 当前覆盖 %d 个不同目标", targets),
+			fmt.Sprintf("大量对外连接: 当前 conntrack 出站记录 %d 条，覆盖 %d 个不同目标", stats.total, targets),
 			"")
 	}
 
+	synTargets := len(stats.synSentByDst)
 	switch {
-	case stats.total >= 500:
+	case stats.totalSynSent >= 250 || (synTargets >= 80 && stats.totalSynSent >= 160):
 		ss.addAlert(name, "ddos", "critical", ip, "*", 0,
-			fmt.Sprintf("异常大量连接: 当前 conntrack 出站记录 %d 条", stats.total),
+			fmt.Sprintf("大量半开连接: 当前 TCP SYN_SENT %d 条，覆盖 %d 个不同目标", stats.totalSynSent, synTargets),
 			"")
-	case stats.total >= 200:
+	case stats.totalSynSent >= 100 || (synTargets >= 35 && stats.totalSynSent >= 70):
 		ss.addAlert(name, "ddos", "high", ip, "*", 0,
-			fmt.Sprintf("高连接数: 当前 conntrack 出站记录 %d 条", stats.total),
+			fmt.Sprintf("可疑大量半开连接: 当前 TCP SYN_SENT %d 条，覆盖 %d 个不同目标", stats.totalSynSent, synTargets),
 			"")
 	}
 
-	if stats.totalSynSent >= 100 {
+	udpTargets := len(stats.udpDestTotalCounts)
+	udpTotal := 0
+	for _, count := range stats.udpTotalCounts {
+		udpTotal += count
+	}
+	switch {
+	case udpTargets >= 120 && udpTotal >= 300:
 		ss.addAlert(name, "ddos", "critical", ip, "*", 0,
-			fmt.Sprintf("大量半开连接: 当前 SYN_SENT %d 条", stats.totalSynSent),
+			fmt.Sprintf("UDP 大规模外发: 当前 UDP 连接 %d 条，覆盖 %d 个不同目标", udpTotal, udpTargets),
+			"")
+	case udpTargets >= 50 && udpTotal >= 120:
+		ss.addAlert(name, "ddos", "high", ip, "*", 0,
+			fmt.Sprintf("可疑 UDP 大规模外发: 当前 UDP 连接 %d 条，覆盖 %d 个不同目标", udpTotal, udpTargets),
 			"")
 	}
 
@@ -391,11 +447,18 @@ func (ss *SecurityScanner) detectReflectionAbuse(name, ip string, stats *traffic
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if targets >= 30 || total >= 100 {
+		criticalTargets, criticalTotal := 40, 120
+		highTargets, highTotal := 15, 45
+		if port == 53 {
+			criticalTargets, criticalTotal = 75, 300
+			highTargets, highTotal = 25, 100
+		}
+
+		if targets >= criticalTargets && total >= criticalTotal {
 			ss.addAlert(name, "reflection", "critical", ip, "*", port,
 				fmt.Sprintf("UDP 反射放大: %s(%d) 当前 UDP 连接 %d 条，覆盖 %d 个目标", service, port, total, targets),
 				"")
-		} else if targets >= 10 || total >= 30 {
+		} else if targets >= highTargets && total >= highTotal {
 			ss.addAlert(name, "reflection", "high", ip, "*", port,
 				fmt.Sprintf("疑似 UDP 反射放大: %s(%d) 当前 UDP 连接 %d 条，覆盖 %d 个目标", service, port, total, targets),
 				"")
@@ -557,10 +620,10 @@ func countPorts(totalCounts map[int]int, destCounts map[int]map[string]int, port
 
 func (ss *SecurityScanner) addAlert(name, alertType, severity, srcIP, dstIP string, port int, detail, logLine string) {
 	ss.mu.Lock()
-	defer ss.mu.Unlock()
 
 	now := time.Now()
 	cutoff := now.Add(-5 * time.Minute)
+	shouldShutdown := false
 
 	for i := range ss.alerts {
 		a := &ss.alerts[i]
@@ -579,6 +642,11 @@ func (ss *SecurityScanner) addAlert(name, alertType, severity, srcIP, dstIP stri
 		if severityRank(severity) > severityRank(a.Severity) {
 			a.Severity = severity
 		}
+		shouldShutdown = config.AppConfig.SecurityAutoShutdown
+		ss.mu.Unlock()
+		if shouldShutdown {
+			autoShutdownAlertContainer(name, alertType, severity)
+		}
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -599,10 +667,16 @@ func (ss *SecurityScanner) addAlert(name, alertType, severity, srcIP, dstIP stri
 
 	ss.alerts = append(ss.alerts, alert)
 	config.AddAuditLog("security_"+alertType, name, fmt.Sprintf("[%s] %s", severity, detail), "system")
+	shouldShutdown = config.AppConfig.SecurityAutoShutdown
 
 	if len(ss.alerts) > 200 {
 		ss.alerts = ss.alerts[len(ss.alerts)-200:]
 	}
+	ss.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if shouldShutdown {
+		autoShutdownAlertContainer(name, alertType, severity)
+	}
 }
 
 func severityRank(severity string) int {
@@ -620,26 +694,97 @@ func severityRank(severity string) int {
 	}
 }
 
+func autoShutdownAlertContainer(containerName, alertType, severity string) {
+	if !config.AppConfig.SecurityAutoShutdown {
+		return
+	}
+	c := config.FindContainerByName(containerName)
+	if c == nil || c.Status != "running" {
+		return
+	}
+	reason := fmt.Sprintf("%s 告警触发策略临时封禁", alertType)
+	if severity != "" {
+		reason = fmt.Sprintf("[%s] %s", severity, reason)
+	}
+	config.SetContainerPolicyBlock(c.ID, true, reason)
+	taskID, queued := globalQueue.EnqueueSecurityStop(c.ID, c.Name)
+	if queued {
+		config.AddAuditLog("security_auto_shutdown", c.Name, fmt.Sprintf("[%s] %s 告警触发自动关机任务 %s", severity, alertType, taskID), "system")
+	}
+}
+
+func clearSecurityPolicyBlocks() int {
+	cleared := 0
+	for i := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
+		c := &config.AppConfig.Containers[i]
+		if !c.PolicyBlocked || !isSecurityPolicyBlockReason(c.PolicyBlockedReason) {
+			continue
+		}
+		config.SetContainerPolicyBlock(c.ID, false, "")
+		config.AddAuditLog("security_policy_unblock", c.Name, "关闭安全告警自动关机后解除策略临时封禁", "system")
+		cleared++
+	}
+	return cleared
+}
+
+func isSecurityPolicyBlockReason(reason string) bool {
+	return strings.Contains(reason, "告警触发策略临时封禁")
+}
+
 // HandleSecurityAlerts returns all security alerts.
 func HandleSecurityAlerts(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	if r.Method != http.MethodGet {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
-
-	ss := ensureScanner()
-	ss.mu.Lock()
-	reversed := make([]SecurityAlert, len(ss.alerts))
-	for i, a := range ss.alerts {
-		reversed[len(ss.alerts)-1-i] = a
-	}
-	ss.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if reversed == nil {
-		reversed = []SecurityAlert{}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "security:read") {
+		return
 	}
 
-	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: reversed})
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: filterSecurityAlertsForRequest(r, mergedSecurityAlerts())})
+}
+
+// HandleSecuritySettings returns or updates security automation settings.
+func HandleSecuritySettings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	switch r.Method {
+	case http.MethodGet:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "security:read") {
+			return
+		}
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: map[string]bool{
+			"auto_shutdown": config.AppConfig.SecurityAutoShutdown,
+		}})
+	case http.MethodPut:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "security:settings") {
+			return
+		}
+		var req struct {
+			AutoShutdown bool `json:"auto_shutdown"`
+		}
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid request body"})
+			return
+		}
+		config.AppConfig.SecurityAutoShutdown = req.AutoShutdown
+		if err := config.SaveConfig(); err != nil {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+			return
+		}
+		cancelledTasks := 0
+		clearedBlocks := 0
+		if !req.AutoShutdown {
+			cancelledTasks = globalQueue.CancelPendingSecurityStops()
+			clearedBlocks = clearSecurityPolicyBlocks()
+		}
+		auditRequest(r, "security.settings", "auto_shutdown", fmt.Sprintf("auto_shutdown=%v", req.AutoShutdown), true, "")
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: map[string]interface{}{
+			"auto_shutdown":   config.AppConfig.SecurityAutoShutdown,
+			"cancelled_tasks": cancelledTasks,
+			"cleared_blocks":  clearedBlocks,
+		}})
+	default:
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
+	}
 }
 
 // HandleSecurityCheck triggers immediate security check for a container.
@@ -648,6 +793,9 @@ func HandleSecurityCheck(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "security:check") {
+		return
+	}
 
 	var req struct {
 		ContainerName string `json:"container_name"`
@@ -662,6 +810,10 @@ func HandleSecurityCheck(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Container not found or not running"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !isContainerAllowedForRequest(r, c.UUID) {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Access denied to this container"})
+		return
+	}
 
 	ensureScanner().checkContainer(c.Name, c.IP)
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "Security check completed"})
@@ -673,6 +825,9 @@ func HandleSecurityLogs(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "security:read") {
+		return
+	}
 
 	containerName := r.URL.Query().Get("container")
 	if containerName == "" {
@@ -685,34 +840,59 @@ func HandleSecurityLogs(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: []map[string]interface{}{}})
 		return
 	}
+	if !isContainerAllowedForRequest(r, c.UUID) {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Access denied to this container"})
+		return
+	}
 
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: getConnectionLogs(c.IP)})
 }
 
 func getConnectionLogs(ip string) []map[string]interface{} {
 	logs := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0)
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
 
-	for _, line := range readConntrackLines(ip) {
+	parseLine := func(line string) map[string]interface{} {
 		srcIP := extractField(line, "src=")
 		dstIP := extractField(line, "dst=")
 		srcPort := extractField(line, "sport=")
 		dstPort := extractField(line, "dport=")
-
 		sPort, _ := strconv.Atoi(srcPort)
 		dPort, _ := strconv.Atoi(dstPort)
-
-		logs = append(logs, map[string]interface{}{
+		return map[string]interface{}{
 			"src_ip":   srcIP,
 			"dst_ip":   dstIP,
 			"src_port": sPort,
 			"dst_port": dPort,
 			"protocol": extractProtocol(line),
 			"state":    extractConnState(line),
-		})
+		}
+	}
 
+	// First, load stored snapshots from database (persisted at alert time).
+	for _, line := range config.GetConntrackSnapshotLines(ip) {
 		if len(logs) >= 100 {
 			break
 		}
+		key := strings.TrimSpace(line)
+		if key == "" || seen[key] {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[key] = true
+		logs = append(logs, parseLine(line))
+	}
+
+	// Then, merge live conntrack data (deduplicated).
+	for _, line := range readConntrackLines(ip) {
+		if len(logs) >= 100 {
+			break
+		}
+		key := strings.TrimSpace(line)
+		if key == "" || seen[key] {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[key] = true
+		logs = append(logs, parseLine(line))
 	}
 
 	return logs
@@ -737,14 +917,16 @@ func HandleContainerSecuritySummary(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "security:read") {
+		return
+	}
 
-	ss := ensureScanner()
-	ss.mu.Lock()
 	critical := 0
 	high := 0
 	medium := 0
 	low := 0
-	for _, a := range ss.alerts {
+	alerts := filterSecurityAlertsForRequest(r, mergedSecurityAlerts())
+	for _, a := range alerts {
 		switch a.Severity {
 		case "critical":
 			critical++
@@ -756,8 +938,7 @@ func HandleContainerSecuritySummary(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			low++
 		}
 	}
-	total := len(ss.alerts)
-	ss.mu.Unlock()
+	total := len(alerts)
 
 	summary := map[string]interface{}{
 		"total_alerts": total,
@@ -769,3 +950,131 @@ func HandleContainerSecuritySummary(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: summary})
 }
+
+func filterSecurityAlertsForRequest(r *http.Request, alerts []SecurityAlert) []SecurityAlert {
+	allowed, restricted := requestAllowedContainers(r)
+	if !restricted {
+		return alerts
+	}
+	filtered := make([]SecurityAlert, 0, len(alerts))
+	for _, alert := range alerts {
+		if c := config.FindContainerByName(alert.ContainerName); c != nil && isContainerAllowed(allowed, c) {
+			filtered = append(filtered, alert)
+		}
+	}
+	return filtered
+}
+
+func mergedSecurityAlerts() []SecurityAlert {
+	ss := ensureScanner()
+	ss.mu.Lock()
+	alerts := make([]SecurityAlert, len(ss.alerts))
+	copy(alerts, ss.alerts)
+	ss.mu.Unlock()
+
+	seen := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, alert := range alerts {
+		seen[securityAlertKey(alert)] = true
+	}
+
+	for i, log := range config.AppConfig.AuditLogs {
+		alert, ok := alertFromSecurityAuditLog(log, i)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		key := securityAlertKey(alert)
+		if seen[key] {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[key] = true
+		alerts = append(alerts, alert)
+	}
+
+	sort.SliceStable(alerts, func(i, j int) bool {
+		ti, errI := time.Parse("2006-01-02 15:04:05", alerts[i].Timestamp)
+		tj, errJ := time.Parse("2006-01-02 15:04:05", alerts[j].Timestamp)
+		if errI == nil && errJ == nil && !ti.Equal(tj) {
+			return ti.After(tj)
+		}
+		return alerts[i].Timestamp > alerts[j].Timestamp
+	})
+
+	if len(alerts) > 200 {
+		alerts = alerts[:200]
+	}
+	if alerts == nil {
+		return []SecurityAlert{}
+	}
+	return alerts
+}
+
+func securityAlertKey(alert SecurityAlert) string {
+	return strings.Join([]string{
+		alert.Timestamp,
+		alert.ContainerName,
+		alert.Type,
+		alert.Detail,
+		strconv.Itoa(alert.TargetPort),
+	}, "\x1f")
+}
+
+func alertFromSecurityAuditLog(log config.AuditLog, index int) (SecurityAlert, bool) {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(log.Action, "security_") || log.Action == "security_auto_shutdown" || log.Action == "security_policy_unblock" {
+		return SecurityAlert{}, false
+	}
+	alertType := strings.TrimPrefix(log.Action, "security_")
+	severity, detail := parseSecurityAuditDetail(log.Detail)
+	targetPort := parseDetailPort(detail)
+
+	targetIP := ""
+	if targetPort > 0 || alertType == "horizontal_scan" || alertType == "brute_force" {
+		targetIP = "*"
+	}
+
+	return SecurityAlert{
+		ID:            fmt.Sprintf("audit-security-%d", index),
+		ContainerName: log.Target,
+		Type:          alertType,
+		Severity:      severity,
+		SourceIP:      "",
+		TargetIP:      targetIP,
+		TargetPort:    targetPort,
+		Detail:        detail,
+		LogLine:       "",
+		Timestamp:     log.Time,
+		Count:         1,
+	}, true
+}
+
+func parseSecurityAuditDetail(detail string) (string, string) {
+	severity := "medium"
+	if strings.HasPrefix(detail, "[") {
+		if end := strings.Index(detail, "]"); end > 1 {
+			severity = detail[1:end]
+			detail = strings.TrimSpace(detail[end+1:])
+		}
+	}
+	return severity, detail
+}
+
+func parseDetailPort(detail string) int {
+	for _, marker := range []string{"端口 ", "端口"} {
+		idx := strings.Index(detail, marker)
+		if idx == -1 {
+			continue
+		}
+		start := idx + len(marker)
+		for start < len(detail) && (detail[start] == ' ' || detail[start] == ':' || detail[start] == '(') {
+			start++
+		}
+		end := start
+		for end < len(detail) && detail[end] >= '0' && detail[end] <= '9' {
+			end++
+		}
+		if end > start {
+			port, _ := strconv.Atoi(detail[start:end])
+			return port
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}

backend/internal/api/security_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"clicd/internal/config"
+)
+
+func TestDetectReflectionAbuseIgnoresSingleDNSResolver(t *testing.T) {
+	resetSecurityTestConfig()
+
+	stats := newTrafficStats()
+	for i := 0; i < 180; i++ {
+		stats.add(connEntry{
+			dstIP:   "1.1.1.1",
+			dstPort: 53,
+			proto:   "udp",
+			state:   "UNREPLIED",
+		})
+	}
+
+	ss := newSecurityScanner()
+	ss.detectReflectionAbuse("ct-dns", "10.0.0.2", stats)
+
+	if len(ss.alerts) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("normal DNS queries to one resolver should not trigger reflection alert: %+v", ss.alerts)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDetectReflectionAbuseFlagsWideDNSFanout(t *testing.T) {
+	resetSecurityTestConfig()
+
+	stats := newTrafficStats()
+	for i := 0; i < 120; i++ {
+		stats.add(connEntry{
+			dstIP:   fmt.Sprintf("203.0.113.%d", i),
+			dstPort: 53,
+			proto:   "udp",
+			state:   "UNREPLIED",
+		})
+	}
+
+	ss := newSecurityScanner()
+	ss.detectReflectionAbuse("ct-dns", "10.0.0.2", stats)
+
+	if len(ss.alerts) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected one reflection alert, got %+v", ss.alerts)
+	}
+	if got := ss.alerts[0].Type; got != "reflection" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected reflection alert, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDetectPortScansUsesHalfOpenConnections(t *testing.T) {
+	resetSecurityTestConfig()
+
+	established := newTrafficStats()
+	for port := 8000; port < 8020; port++ {
+		established.add(connEntry{
+			dstIP:   "198.51.100.10",
+			dstPort: port,
+			proto:   "tcp",
+			state:   "ESTABLISHED",
+		})
+	}
+
+	ss := newSecurityScanner()
+	ss.detectPortScans("ct-web", "10.0.0.3", established)
+	if len(ss.alerts) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("established multi-port connections should not trigger port scan alert: %+v", ss.alerts)
+	}
+
+	halfOpen := newTrafficStats()
+	for port := 8000; port < 8012; port++ {
+		halfOpen.add(connEntry{
+			dstIP:   "198.51.100.10",
+			dstPort: port,
+			proto:   "tcp",
+			state:   "SYN_SENT",
+		})
+	}
+
+	ss.detectPortScans("ct-web", "10.0.0.3", halfOpen)
+	if len(ss.alerts) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected one port scan alert, got %+v", ss.alerts)
+	}
+	if got := ss.alerts[0].Type; got != "port_scan" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected port_scan alert, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCancelPendingSecurityStops(t *testing.T) {
+	resetSecurityTestConfig()
+
+	q := &TaskQueue{
+		tasks: map[string]*Task{},
+	}
+	securityTask := &Task{
+		ID:          "task-1",
+		Type:        TaskStop,
+		ContainerID: 1,
+		Status:      "pending",
+		User:        "system:security",
+	}
+	userTask := &Task{
+		ID:          "task-2",
+		Type:        TaskStop,
+		ContainerID: 2,
+		Status:      "pending",
+		User:        "admin",
+	}
+	runningSecurityTask := &Task{
+		ID:          "task-3",
+		Type:        TaskStop,
+		ContainerID: 3,
+		Status:      "running",
+		User:        "system:security",
+	}
+	q.tasks[securityTask.ID] = securityTask
+	q.tasks[userTask.ID] = userTask
+	q.tasks[runningSecurityTask.ID] = runningSecurityTask
+	q.opQueue = []*Task{securityTask, userTask, runningSecurityTask}
+
+	if got := q.CancelPendingSecurityStops(); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected one pending security stop to be cancelled, got %d", got)
+	}
+	if _, ok := q.tasks[securityTask.ID]; ok {
+		t.Fatal("pending security stop task was not removed")
+	}
+	if _, ok := q.tasks[userTask.ID]; !ok {
+		t.Fatal("user stop task should not be removed")
+	}
+	if _, ok := q.tasks[runningSecurityTask.ID]; !ok {
+		t.Fatal("running security stop task should be left for worker-side skip")
+	}
+	if len(q.opQueue) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected op queue to keep two tasks, got %d", len(q.opQueue))
+	}
+}
+
+func resetSecurityTestConfig() {
+	config.AppConfig = &config.ClicdConfig{
+		Containers: []config.Container{},
+		AuditLogs:  []config.AuditLog{},
+		Tasks:      []config.SavedTask{},
+	}
+}

backend/internal/api/settings.go

@@ -20,6 +20,34 @@ type LoginLog struct {
 
 var loginLogs = make([]LoginLog, 0)
 
+// HandleLanguage returns or updates the global panel language.
+func HandleLanguage(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	switch r.Method {
+	case http.MethodGet:
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: map[string]string{
+			"language": config.NormalizeLanguage(config.AppConfig.Language),
+		}})
+	case http.MethodPost, http.MethodPut:
+		var req struct {
+			Language string `json:"language"`
+		}
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid request body"})
+			return
+		}
+		config.AppConfig.Language = config.NormalizeLanguage(req.Language)
+		if err := config.SaveConfig(); err != nil {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Failed to save language"})
+			return
+		}
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: map[string]string{
+			"language": config.AppConfig.Language,
+		}})
+	default:
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
+	}
+}
+
 // RecordLoginLog adds a login attempt to the log (persisted to config)
 func RecordLoginLog(username, ip, userAgent string, success bool) {
 	config.AddLoginLog(username, ip, userAgent, success)
@@ -56,6 +84,9 @@ func HandleLoginLogs(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "loginlog:read") {
+		return
+	}
 
 	// Return in reverse (newest first)
 	reversed := make([]LoginLog, len(loginLogs))

backend/internal/api/snapshots.go

@@ -16,7 +16,11 @@ func HandleSnapshots(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "snapshot:read") {
+		return
+	}
 	snapshots := append([]config.Snapshot(nil), config.AppConfig.Snapshots...)
+	snapshots = filterSnapshotsForRequest(r, snapshots)
 	sortSnapshotsNewestFirst(snapshots)
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: snapshots})
 }
@@ -24,17 +28,35 @@ func HandleSnapshots(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 func handleContainerSnapshots(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, containerID int, action string) {
 	switch {
 	case action == "snapshots" && r.Method == http.MethodGet:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "snapshot:read") {
+			return
+		}
 		listContainerSnapshots(w, r, containerID)
 	case action == "snapshots" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "snapshot:create") {
+			return
+		}
 		createContainerSnapshot(w, r, containerID)
 	case action == "snapshots/schedule" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "snapshot:schedule") {
+			return
+		}
 		updateSnapshotSchedule(w, r, containerID)
 	case action == "snapshots/quota" && r.Method == http.MethodPut:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "snapshot:schedule") {
+			return
+		}
 		updateSnapshotQuota(w, r, containerID)
 	case strings.HasPrefix(action, "snapshots/") && strings.HasSuffix(action, "/restore") && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "snapshot:restore") {
+			return
+		}
 		snapshotID := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(action, "snapshots/"), "/restore")
 		restoreContainerSnapshot(w, r, containerID, snapshotID)
 	case strings.HasPrefix(action, "snapshots/") && r.Method == http.MethodDelete:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "snapshot:delete") {
+			return
+		}
 		snapshotID := strings.TrimPrefix(action, "snapshots/")
 		deleteContainerSnapshot(w, r, containerID, snapshotID)
 	default:
@@ -74,7 +96,7 @@ func createContainerSnapshot(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, containerID
 			return
 		}
 	}
-	snapshot, err := lxcManager.CreateSnapshot(containerID, user, false, 0)
+	snapshot, err := createSnapshotByRuntime(containerID, user, false, 0)
 	if err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return
@@ -138,7 +160,7 @@ func updateSnapshotSchedule(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, containerID
 		req.Time = "03:00"
 	}
 	user := requestUser(r)
-	c, err := lxcManager.SetSnapshotSchedule(containerID, req.Enabled, req.IntervalHours, req.Time, user)
+	c, err := setSnapshotScheduleByRuntime(containerID, req.Enabled, req.IntervalHours, req.Time, user)
 	if err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return
@@ -162,7 +184,7 @@ func deleteContainerSnapshot(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, containerID
 		return
 	}
 	user := requestUser(r)
-	if err := lxcManager.DeleteSnapshot(snapshotID); err != nil {
+	if err := deleteSnapshotByRuntime(snapshotID); err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
@@ -177,7 +199,7 @@ func restoreContainerSnapshot(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, containerI
 		return
 	}
 	user := requestUser(r)
-	if err := lxcManager.RestoreSnapshot(snapshotID); err != nil {
+	if err := restoreSnapshotByRuntime(snapshotID); err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
@@ -186,15 +208,7 @@ func restoreContainerSnapshot(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, containerI
 }
 
 func requestUser(r *http.Request) string {
-	if claims, ok := claimsFromRequest(r); ok {
-		if subUser, _ := claims["sub_user"].(string); subUser != "" {
-			return "user:" + subUser
-		}
-		if username, _ := claims["username"].(string); username != "" {
-			return username
-		}
-	}
-	return "admin"
+	return requestActor(r)
 }
 
 func sortSnapshotsNewestFirst(snapshots []config.Snapshot) {
@@ -204,3 +218,17 @@ func sortSnapshotsNewestFirst(snapshots []config.Snapshot) {
 		return tj.Before(ti)
 	})
 }
+
+func filterSnapshotsForRequest(r *http.Request, snapshots []config.Snapshot) []config.Snapshot {
+	allowed, restricted := requestAllowedContainers(r)
+	if !restricted {
+		return snapshots
+	}
+	filtered := make([]config.Snapshot, 0, len(snapshots))
+	for _, snapshot := range snapshots {
+		if c := config.FindContainer(snapshot.ContainerID); c != nil && isContainerAllowed(allowed, c) {
+			filtered = append(filtered, snapshot)
+		}
+	}
+	return filtered
+}

backend/internal/api/ssh.go

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ type terminalResizeMessage struct {
 
 type webSSHTicket struct {
 	ContainerName string
+	SubUser       bool
 	ExpiresAt     time.Time
 }
 
@@ -41,6 +42,9 @@ func HandleWebSSHTicket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "terminal:ssh") {
+		return
+	}
 	var req struct {
 		ContainerName string `json:"container_name"`
 	}
@@ -52,16 +56,22 @@ func HandleWebSSHTicket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Access denied to this container"})
 		return
 	}
-	if config.FindContainerByName(req.ContainerName) == nil {
+	c := config.FindContainerByName(req.ContainerName)
+	if c == nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Container not found"})
 		return
 	}
+	if isSubUserRequest(r) && c.PolicyBlocked {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: policyBlockedMessage(c)})
+		return
+	}
 
 	ticket := randomHex(32)
 	webSSHTickets.Lock()
 	cleanupExpiredWebSSHTicketsLocked(time.Now())
 	webSSHTickets.items[ticket] = webSSHTicket{
 		ContainerName: req.ContainerName,
+		SubUser:       isSubUserRequest(r),
 		ExpiresAt:     time.Now().Add(60 * time.Second),
 	}
 	webSSHTickets.Unlock()
@@ -86,7 +96,8 @@ func HandleWebSSH(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if !consumeWebSSHTicket(ticket, containerName) {
+	item, ok := consumeWebSSHTicket(ticket, containerName)
+	if !ok {
 		http.Error(w, "invalid or expired ticket", http.StatusUnauthorized)
 		return
 	}
@@ -96,21 +107,39 @@ func HandleWebSSH(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		http.Error(w, "container not found", http.StatusNotFound)
 		return
 	}
+	if item.SubUser && c.PolicyBlocked {
+		http.Error(w, "虚拟机被策略临时封禁", http.StatusForbidden)
+		return
+	}
 	if c.Status != "running" {
 		http.Error(w, "container is not running", http.StatusBadRequest)
 		return
 	}
 	if c.IP == "" {
-		if ip, err := lxcManager.GetContainerIP(c.LxcName()); err == nil {
+		var ip string
+		var err error
+		if c.IsKVM() {
+			ip, err = kvmManager.GetContainerIP(c.VirshName())
+		} else {
+			ip, err = lxcManager.GetContainerIP(c.LxcName())
+		}
+		if err == nil {
 			c.IP = ip
 			config.SaveConfig()
 		}
 	}
-	if c.IP == "" {
+	if c.IP == "" && !c.IsKVM() {
 		if ip, err := lxcManager.EnsureContainerIPv4(c.ID); err == nil && ip != "" {
 			c.IP = ip
 		}
 	}
+	if c.IP == "" && c.IsKVM() {
+		if err := kvmManager.EnsureSSH(c.ID); err == nil {
+			if refreshed := config.FindContainer(c.ID); refreshed != nil {
+				c = refreshed
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	if c.IP == "" {
 		http.Error(w, "container ip is not available", http.StatusBadRequest)
 		return
@@ -127,6 +156,10 @@ func HandleWebSSH(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	defer ws.Close()
 
 	if c.SSHPassword == "" {
+		if c.IsKVM() {
+			writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, "\r\nKVM SSH password is not available. Reinstall or reset after SSH is ready.\r\n")
+			return
+		}
 		writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, "\r\nPreparing SSH service. This can take up to 90 seconds on first boot...\r\n")
 		if err := lxcManager.EnsureSSH(c.ID); err != nil {
 			writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, fmt.Sprintf("\r\nSSH auto setup failed: %v\r\n", err))
@@ -154,25 +187,48 @@ func HandleWebSSH(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, fmt.Sprintf("Connecting to %s...\r\n", addr))
 	client, err := ssh.Dial("tcp", addr, sshConfig)
 	if err != nil {
-		writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, "\r\nSSH is not ready yet, preparing service. This can take up to 90 seconds on first boot...\r\n")
-		if setupErr := lxcManager.EnsureSSH(c.ID); setupErr != nil {
-			writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, fmt.Sprintf("\r\nSSH auto setup failed: %v\r\n", setupErr))
-			return
-		}
-		if refreshed := config.FindContainer(c.ID); refreshed != nil {
-			c = refreshed
-		}
-		if ip, ipErr := lxcManager.GetContainerIP(c.LxcName()); ipErr == nil && ip != "" {
-			c.IP = ip
-			config.SaveConfig()
-			addr = net.JoinHostPort(c.IP, "22")
-		}
-		sshConfig.Auth = []ssh.AuthMethod{ssh.Password(c.SSHPassword)}
-		sshConfig.Timeout = 10 * time.Second
-		client, err = ssh.Dial("tcp", addr, sshConfig)
-		if err != nil {
-			writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, fmt.Sprintf("\r\nWebSSH connection failed: %v\r\n", err))
-			return
+		if c.IsKVM() {
+			writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, "\r\nSSH is not ready yet, preparing KVM guest service. This can take a few minutes on first boot...\r\n")
+			if setupErr := kvmManager.EnsureSSH(c.ID); setupErr != nil {
+				writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, fmt.Sprintf("\r\nKVM SSH auto setup failed: %v\r\n", setupErr))
+				return
+			}
+			if refreshed := config.FindContainer(c.ID); refreshed != nil {
+				c = refreshed
+			}
+			if ip, ipErr := kvmManager.GetContainerIP(c.VirshName()); ipErr == nil && ip != "" {
+				c.IP = ip
+				config.SaveConfig()
+				addr = net.JoinHostPort(c.IP, "22")
+			}
+			sshConfig.Auth = []ssh.AuthMethod{ssh.Password(c.SSHPassword)}
+			sshConfig.Timeout = 10 * time.Second
+			client, err = ssh.Dial("tcp", addr, sshConfig)
+			if err != nil {
+				writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, fmt.Sprintf("\r\nWebSSH connection failed: %v\r\n", err))
+				return
+			}
+		} else {
+			writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, "\r\nSSH is not ready yet, preparing service. This can take up to 90 seconds on first boot...\r\n")
+			if setupErr := lxcManager.EnsureSSH(c.ID); setupErr != nil {
+				writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, fmt.Sprintf("\r\nSSH auto setup failed: %v\r\n", setupErr))
+				return
+			}
+			if refreshed := config.FindContainer(c.ID); refreshed != nil {
+				c = refreshed
+			}
+			if ip, ipErr := lxcManager.GetContainerIP(c.LxcName()); ipErr == nil && ip != "" {
+				c.IP = ip
+				config.SaveConfig()
+				addr = net.JoinHostPort(c.IP, "22")
+			}
+			sshConfig.Auth = []ssh.AuthMethod{ssh.Password(c.SSHPassword)}
+			sshConfig.Timeout = 10 * time.Second
+			client, err = ssh.Dial("tcp", addr, sshConfig)
+			if err != nil {
+				writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, fmt.Sprintf("\r\nWebSSH connection failed: %v\r\n", err))
+				return
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	defer client.Close()
@@ -318,17 +374,17 @@ func writeWebSocketText(ws *websocket.Conn, writeMu *sync.Mutex, msg string) {
 	_ = ws.WriteMessage(websocket.TextMessage, []byte(msg))
 }
 
-func consumeWebSSHTicket(ticket, containerName string) bool {
+func consumeWebSSHTicket(ticket, containerName string) (webSSHTicket, bool) {
 	now := time.Now()
 	webSSHTickets.Lock()
 	defer webSSHTickets.Unlock()
 	cleanupExpiredWebSSHTicketsLocked(now)
 	item, ok := webSSHTickets.items[ticket]
 	if !ok {
-		return false
+		return webSSHTicket{}, false
 	}
 	delete(webSSHTickets.items, ticket)
-	return item.ContainerName == containerName && now.Before(item.ExpiresAt)
+	return item, item.ContainerName == containerName && now.Before(item.ExpiresAt)
 }
 
 func cleanupExpiredWebSSHTicketsLocked(now time.Time) {

backend/internal/api/ssl.go

@@ -0,0 +1,587 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"crypto/x509/pkix"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"clicd/internal/config"
+)
+
+type sslSettingsRequest struct {
+	Enabled  bool   `json:"enabled"`
+	Mode     string `json:"mode"`
+	Target   string `json:"target"`
+	Email    string `json:"email"`
+	CertPEM  string `json:"cert_pem"`
+	KeyPEM   string `json:"key_pem"`
+	ApplyNow bool   `json:"apply_now"`
+}
+
+type sslCertificateInfo struct {
+	Subject   string   `json:"subject"`
+	Issuer    string   `json:"issuer"`
+	DNSNames  []string `json:"dns_names"`
+	IPNames   []string `json:"ip_names"`
+	NotBefore string   `json:"not_before"`
+	NotAfter  string   `json:"not_after"`
+	Valid     bool     `json:"valid"`
+}
+
+type sslSavedCertificateStatus struct {
+	config.SSLConfig
+	Certificate *sslCertificateInfo `json:"certificate,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type sslSettingsResponse struct {
+	config.SSLConfig
+	DetectedHost     string                               `json:"detected_host"`
+	Certificate      *sslCertificateInfo                  `json:"certificate,omitempty"`
+	ModeCertificates map[string]sslSavedCertificateStatus `json:"mode_certificates"`
+	NeedsRestart     bool                                 `json:"needs_restart,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func HandleSSLSettings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	switch r.Method {
+	case http.MethodGet:
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: sslSettingsStatus(r, false)})
+	case http.MethodPut:
+		updateSSLSettings(w, r)
+	default:
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
+	}
+}
+
+func updateSSLSettings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	var req sslSettingsRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid request body"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	mode := config.NormalizeSSLMode(req.Mode)
+	if !req.Enabled || mode == config.SSLModeDisabled {
+		saveCurrentSSLSlot()
+		config.AppConfig.SSL = config.SSLConfig{Enabled: false, Mode: config.SSLModeDisabled}
+		if err := config.SaveConfig(); err != nil {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Save SSL settings failed"})
+			return
+		}
+		restartIfRequested(req.ApplyNow)
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "SSL disabled", Data: sslSettingsStatus(r, true)})
+		return
+	}
+
+	target := strings.TrimSpace(req.Target)
+	if target == "" {
+		target = detectedRequestHost(r)
+	}
+	normalizedTarget, err := config.NormalizeSSLCertificateTarget(target)
+	if err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+	target = normalizedTarget
+
+	next, err := resolveSSLModeCertificate(mode, target, strings.TrimSpace(req.Email), req.CertPEM, req.KeyPEM)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = config.SaveConfig()
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error(), Data: sslSettingsStatus(r, false)})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := validateCertificatePair(next.CertPath, next.KeyPath); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+	next.LastIssuedAt = time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339)
+	next.Enabled = true
+	config.AppConfig.SSL = next
+	saveSSLSlot(next)
+	if err := config.SaveConfig(); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Save SSL settings failed"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	restartIfRequested(req.ApplyNow)
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "SSL settings saved", Data: sslSettingsStatus(r, true)})
+}
+
+func sslSettingsStatus(r *http.Request, needsRestart bool) sslSettingsResponse {
+	cfg := config.AppConfig.SSL
+	cfg.KeyPath = maskExistingPath(cfg.KeyPath)
+	resp := sslSettingsResponse{
+		SSLConfig:        cfg,
+		DetectedHost:     detectedRequestHost(r),
+		ModeCertificates: sslModeCertificatesStatus(),
+		NeedsRestart:     needsRestart,
+	}
+	if cert, err := readCertificateInfo(config.AppConfig.SSL.CertPath); err == nil {
+		resp.Certificate = cert
+	}
+	return resp
+}
+
+func resolveSSLModeCertificate(mode, target, email, certPEM, keyPEM string) (config.SSLConfig, error) {
+	if config.AppConfig.SSLCertificates == nil {
+		config.AppConfig.SSLCertificates = map[string]config.SSLConfig{}
+	}
+	next := config.AppConfig.SSLCertificates[mode]
+	next.Mode = mode
+	next.Target = target
+	if email != "" || next.Email == "" {
+		next.Email = email
+	}
+
+	var err error
+	switch mode {
+	case config.SSLModeUploaded:
+		if strings.TrimSpace(certPEM) != "" || strings.TrimSpace(keyPEM) != "" {
+			next.CertPath, next.KeyPath, err = saveUploadedCertificate(certPEM, keyPEM)
+		} else if next.CertPath == "" || next.KeyPath == "" {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("certificate and private key are required")
+		} else if !certificateUsable(next.CertPath, next.KeyPath, target) {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("uploaded certificate is expired, invalid, or does not match the target")
+		}
+	case config.SSLModeSelfSigned:
+		if !certificateUsable(next.CertPath, next.KeyPath, target) {
+			next.CertPath, next.KeyPath, err = generateSelfSignedCertificate(target)
+		}
+	case config.SSLModeLetsEncrypt:
+		if !certificateUsable(next.CertPath, next.KeyPath, target) {
+			next.CertPath, next.KeyPath, err = requestLetsEncryptCertificate(target, next.Email)
+		}
+	default:
+		err = fmt.Errorf("unsupported SSL mode")
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		next.LastError = err.Error()
+		saveSSLSlot(next)
+		return next, err
+	}
+	next.LastError = ""
+	return next, nil
+}
+
+func sslModeCertificatesStatus() map[string]sslSavedCertificateStatus {
+	result := map[string]sslSavedCertificateStatus{}
+	for _, mode := range []string{config.SSLModeLetsEncrypt, config.SSLModeSelfSigned, config.SSLModeUploaded} {
+		cfg := config.AppConfig.SSLCertificates[mode]
+		cfg.KeyPath = maskExistingPath(cfg.KeyPath)
+		status := sslSavedCertificateStatus{SSLConfig: cfg}
+		if cert, err := readCertificateInfo(config.AppConfig.SSLCertificates[mode].CertPath); err == nil {
+			status.Certificate = cert
+		}
+		result[mode] = status
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func saveCurrentSSLSlot() {
+	if config.AppConfig.SSL.Mode == config.SSLModeDisabled || config.AppConfig.SSL.CertPath == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	saveSSLSlot(config.AppConfig.SSL)
+}
+
+func saveSSLSlot(ssl config.SSLConfig) {
+	mode := config.NormalizeSSLMode(ssl.Mode)
+	if mode == config.SSLModeDisabled {
+		return
+	}
+	if config.AppConfig.SSLCertificates == nil {
+		config.AppConfig.SSLCertificates = map[string]config.SSLConfig{}
+	}
+	ssl.Mode = mode
+	ssl.Enabled = false
+	config.AppConfig.SSLCertificates[mode] = ssl
+}
+
+func saveUploadedCertificate(certPEM, keyPEM string) (string, string, error) {
+	certPEM = strings.TrimSpace(certPEM)
+	keyPEM = strings.TrimSpace(keyPEM)
+	if certPEM == "" || keyPEM == "" {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("certificate and private key are required")
+	}
+	if _, err := tls.X509KeyPair([]byte(certPEM), []byte(keyPEM)); err != nil {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("certificate/private key mismatch: %v", err)
+	}
+	certPath, keyPath, err := config.UploadedSSLPaths()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(certPath, []byte(certPEM+"\n"), 0600); err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(keyPath, []byte(keyPEM+"\n"), 0600); err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	return certPath, keyPath, nil
+}
+
+func generateSelfSignedCertificate(target string) (string, string, error) {
+	target = strings.TrimSpace(target)
+	normalizedTarget, err := config.NormalizeSSLCertificateTarget(target)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	target = normalizedTarget
+	key, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	serial, err := rand.Int(rand.Reader, new(big.Int).Lsh(big.NewInt(1), 128))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	now := time.Now()
+	tpl := x509.Certificate{
+		SerialNumber: serial,
+		Subject: pkix.Name{
+			CommonName: target,
+		},
+		NotBefore:             now.Add(-time.Hour),
+		NotAfter:              now.AddDate(1, 0, 0),
+		KeyUsage:              x509.KeyUsageDigitalSignature | x509.KeyUsageKeyEncipherment,
+		ExtKeyUsage:           []x509.ExtKeyUsage{x509.ExtKeyUsageServerAuth},
+		BasicConstraintsValid: true,
+	}
+	if ip := net.ParseIP(target); ip != nil {
+		tpl.IPAddresses = []net.IP{ip}
+	} else {
+		tpl.DNSNames = []string{target}
+	}
+	der, err := x509.CreateCertificate(rand.Reader, &tpl, &tpl, &key.PublicKey, key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	keyDER, err := x509.MarshalECPrivateKey(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	certPath, keyPath, err := config.SelfSignedSSLPaths()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	certOut := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "CERTIFICATE", Bytes: der})
+	keyOut := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "EC PRIVATE KEY", Bytes: keyDER})
+	if err := os.WriteFile(certPath, certOut, 0600); err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(keyPath, keyOut, 0600); err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	return certPath, keyPath, nil
+}
+
+func requestLetsEncryptCertificate(target, email string) (string, string, error) {
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("certbot"); err != nil {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("certbot is not installed on this server")
+	}
+	target = strings.TrimSpace(target)
+	normalizedTarget, err := config.NormalizeSSLCertificateTarget(target)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	target = normalizedTarget
+	args := []string{"certonly", "--non-interactive", "--agree-tos", "--standalone"}
+	if email != "" {
+		args = append(args, "--email", email)
+	} else {
+		args = append(args, "--register-unsafely-without-email")
+	}
+	if net.ParseIP(target) != nil {
+		if err := ensureCertbotSupportsIPCertificates(); err != nil {
+			return "", "", err
+		}
+		args = append(args, "--preferred-profile", "shortlived", "--ip-address", target)
+	} else {
+		args = append(args, "-d", target)
+	}
+	cmd := exec.Command("certbot", args...)
+	output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("Let's Encrypt request failed: %s", strings.TrimSpace(string(output)))
+	}
+	certPath, keyPath, err := config.LetsEncryptSSLPaths(target)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	if _, err := config.ReadableFileStat(certPath); err != nil {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("Let's Encrypt certificate file not found after issuance: %s", certPath)
+	}
+	if _, err := config.ReadableFileStat(keyPath); err != nil {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("Let's Encrypt private key file not found after issuance: %s", keyPath)
+	}
+	return certPath, keyPath, nil
+}
+
+func ensureCertbotSupportsIPCertificates() error {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "certbot", "--help", "all")
+	output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if ctx.Err() == context.DeadlineExceeded {
+		return fmt.Errorf("certbot check timed out")
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("certbot capability check failed: %s", strings.TrimSpace(string(output)))
+	}
+	help := string(output)
+	if !strings.Contains(help, "--ip-address") || !strings.Contains(help, "--preferred-profile") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("current certbot does not support IP certificates; install Certbot 5.4+ from snap or another current source")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func validateCertificatePair(certPath, keyPath string) error {
+	safeCertPath, err := config.ResolveSSLPath(certPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	safeKeyPath, err := config.ResolveSSLPath(keyPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	certPEM, err := os.ReadFile(safeCertPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	keyPEM, err := os.ReadFile(safeKeyPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := tls.X509KeyPair(certPEM, keyPEM); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("certificate/private key mismatch: %v", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func certificateUsable(certPath, keyPath, target string) bool {
+	if certPath == "" || keyPath == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	if err := validateCertificatePair(certPath, keyPath); err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	cert, err := readLeafCertificate(certPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	now := time.Now()
+	if now.Before(cert.NotBefore) || !now.Before(cert.NotAfter) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return certificateMatchesTarget(cert, target)
+}
+
+func certificateNeedsRenewal(certPath, keyPath, target string, renewBefore time.Duration) bool {
+	if certPath == "" || keyPath == "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	if err := validateCertificatePair(certPath, keyPath); err != nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	cert, err := readLeafCertificate(certPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	now := time.Now()
+	if now.Before(cert.NotBefore) || !now.Before(cert.NotAfter) {
+		return true
+	}
+	if !certificateMatchesTarget(cert, target) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return cert.NotAfter.Sub(now) <= renewBefore
+}
+
+func certificateMatchesTarget(cert *x509.Certificate, target string) bool {
+	target = strings.TrimSpace(strings.Trim(target, "[]"))
+	if target == "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	if ip := net.ParseIP(target); ip != nil {
+		for _, certIP := range cert.IPAddresses {
+			if certIP.Equal(ip) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+	if err := cert.VerifyHostname(target); err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func readCertificateInfo(certPath string) (*sslCertificateInfo, error) {
+	cert, err := readLeafCertificate(certPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	ipNames := make([]string, 0, len(cert.IPAddresses))
+	for _, ip := range cert.IPAddresses {
+		ipNames = append(ipNames, ip.String())
+	}
+	return &sslCertificateInfo{
+		Subject:   cert.Subject.String(),
+		Issuer:    cert.Issuer.String(),
+		DNSNames:  cert.DNSNames,
+		IPNames:   ipNames,
+		NotBefore: cert.NotBefore.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		NotAfter:  cert.NotAfter.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		Valid:     time.Now().After(cert.NotBefore) && time.Now().Before(cert.NotAfter),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func readLeafCertificate(certPath string) (*x509.Certificate, error) {
+	if certPath == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("certificate path is empty")
+	}
+	safeCertPath, err := config.ResolveSSLPath(certPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(safeCertPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	block, _ := pem.Decode(data)
+	if block == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("certificate PEM is invalid")
+	}
+	cert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(block.Bytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return cert, nil
+}
+
+func detectedRequestHost(r *http.Request) string {
+	host := strings.TrimSpace(r.Host)
+	if host == "" {
+		return firstPublicInterfaceIP()
+	}
+	if h, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(host); err == nil {
+		host = h
+	}
+	host = strings.Trim(host, "[]")
+	if host == "localhost" || net.ParseIP(host).IsLoopback() {
+		if ip := firstPublicInterfaceIP(); ip != "" {
+			return ip
+		}
+	}
+	return host
+}
+
+func firstPublicInterfaceIP() string {
+	addrs, err := net.InterfaceAddrs()
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	for _, addr := range addrs {
+		ipNet, ok := addr.(*net.IPNet)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		ip := ipNet.IP.To4()
+		if ip == nil || ip.IsLoopback() || ip.IsPrivate() || ip.IsLinkLocalUnicast() {
+			continue
+		}
+		return ip.String()
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func maskExistingPath(path string) string {
+	if path == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return path
+}
+
+func restartIfRequested(applyNow bool) {
+	if !applyNow {
+		return
+	}
+	go func() {
+		time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
+		_ = exec.Command("systemctl", "restart", "clicd").Start()
+	}()
+}
+
+func StartSSLRenewalMonitor() {
+	go func() {
+		time.Sleep(30 * time.Second)
+		renewSavedSSLCertificates()
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(6 * time.Hour)
+		defer ticker.Stop()
+		for range ticker.C {
+			renewSavedSSLCertificates()
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func renewSavedSSLCertificates() {
+	if config.AppConfig == nil || len(config.AppConfig.SSLCertificates) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	changed := false
+	for mode, cert := range config.AppConfig.SSLCertificates {
+		mode = config.NormalizeSSLMode(mode)
+		if cert.Target == "" || mode == config.SSLModeDisabled || mode == config.SSLModeUploaded {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		var certPath, keyPath string
+		var err error
+		switch mode {
+		case config.SSLModeLetsEncrypt:
+			if !certificateNeedsRenewal(cert.CertPath, cert.KeyPath, cert.Target, 48*time.Hour) {
+				continue
+			}
+			certPath, keyPath, err = requestLetsEncryptCertificate(cert.Target, cert.Email)
+		case config.SSLModeSelfSigned:
+			if !certificateNeedsRenewal(cert.CertPath, cert.KeyPath, cert.Target, 30*24*time.Hour) {
+				continue
+			}
+			certPath, keyPath, err = generateSelfSignedCertificate(cert.Target)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			cert.LastError = err.Error()
+			config.AppConfig.SSLCertificates[mode] = cert
+			changed = true
+			continue
+		}
+		cert.CertPath = certPath
+		cert.KeyPath = keyPath
+		cert.LastIssuedAt = time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339)
+		cert.LastError = ""
+		config.AppConfig.SSLCertificates[mode] = cert
+		if config.AppConfig.SSL.Enabled && config.AppConfig.SSL.Mode == mode {
+			active := cert
+			active.Enabled = true
+			config.AppConfig.SSL = active
+		}
+		changed = true
+	}
+	if changed {
+		_ = config.SaveConfig()
+	}
+}

backend/internal/api/subuser.go

@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@ func HandleSubUserCreate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "subuser:create") {
+		return
+	}
 
 	var req struct {
 		ContainerName string `json:"container_name"`
@@ -281,13 +284,40 @@ func subUserAllowedContainers(r *http.Request) (subUserAccess, bool) {
 	return allowed, true
 }
 
+func requestAllowedContainers(r *http.Request) (subUserAccess, bool) {
+	if ctx, ok := authContextFromRequest(r); ok {
+		if ctx.Type == authTypeAPIKey && len(ctx.ContainerUUIDs) == 0 {
+			return subUserAccess{}, false
+		}
+		if ctx.Type == authTypeSubUser || ctx.Type == authTypeAPIKey {
+			allowed := subUserAccess{names: make(map[string]bool), uuids: make(map[string]bool)}
+			for _, uuid := range ctx.ContainerUUIDs {
+				allowed.uuids[uuid] = true
+			}
+			if ctx.Type == authTypeSubUser && len(ctx.ContainerUUIDs) == 0 {
+				legacy, ok := subUserAllowedContainers(r)
+				if ok {
+					return legacy, true
+				}
+			}
+			return allowed, true
+		}
+	}
+	return subUserAllowedContainers(r)
+}
+
+func isAccessRestrictedRequest(r *http.Request) bool {
+	_, restricted := requestAllowedContainers(r)
+	return restricted
+}
+
 func containerByIdentifier(identifier string) *config.Container {
 	return config.FindContainerByIdentifier(identifier)
 }
 
 func isContainerAllowedForRequest(r *http.Request, identifier string) bool {
-	allowed, isSubUser := subUserAllowedContainers(r)
-	if !isSubUser {
+	allowed, restricted := requestAllowedContainers(r)
+	if !restricted {
 		return true
 	}
 	c := containerByIdentifier(identifier)
@@ -303,6 +333,9 @@ func HandleAuditLogs(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "audit:read") {
+		return
+	}
 
 	logs := config.AppConfig.AuditLogs
 	if logs == nil {
@@ -327,12 +360,29 @@ func SubUserMiddleware(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
 		}
 
 		path := r.URL.Path
-		if path == "/api/tasks" && r.Method == http.MethodGet {
+		containerPrefix := "/api/containers/"
+		containerListPath := "/api/containers"
+		tasksPath := "/api/tasks"
+		if strings.HasPrefix(path, "/api/v1/") {
+			containerPrefix = "/api/v1/containers/"
+			containerListPath = "/api/v1/containers"
+			tasksPath = "/api/v1/tasks"
+		}
+		if path == tasksPath && r.Method == http.MethodGet {
 			next(w, r)
 			return
 		}
 
-		if path == "/api/containers" {
+		imagesEnabledPath := "/api/images/enabled"
+		if strings.HasPrefix(path, "/api/v1/") {
+			imagesEnabledPath = "/api/v1/images/enabled"
+		}
+		if path == imagesEnabledPath && r.Method == http.MethodGet {
+			next(w, r)
+			return
+		}
+
+		if path == containerListPath {
 			if r.Method != http.MethodGet {
 				jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Sub-users cannot create containers"})
 				return
@@ -341,8 +391,8 @@ func SubUserMiddleware(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
 			return
 		}
 
-		if len(path) > len("/api/containers/") {
-			rest := path[len("/api/containers/"):]
+		if strings.HasPrefix(path, containerPrefix) {
+			rest := path[len(containerPrefix):]
 			parts := splitPath(rest)
 			if len(parts) > 0 && parts[0] != "" {
 				c := containerByIdentifier(parts[0])
@@ -352,7 +402,11 @@ func SubUserMiddleware(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
 				}
 				action := ""
 				if len(parts) > 1 {
-					action = parts[1]
+					action = strings.Join(parts[1:], "/")
+				}
+				if c.PolicyBlocked && isSubUserBlockedAction(action, r.Method) {
+					jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: policyBlockedMessage(c)})
+					return
 				}
 				if !isSubUserContainerActionAllowed(action, r.Method) {
 					jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Action is not allowed for this link"})
@@ -369,8 +423,8 @@ func SubUserMiddleware(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
 }
 
 func filterContainersForRequest(r *http.Request, containers []config.Container) []config.Container {
-	allowed, isSubUser := subUserAllowedContainers(r)
-	if !isSubUser {
+	allowed, restricted := requestAllowedContainers(r)
+	if !restricted {
 		return containers
 	}
 	filtered := make([]config.Container, 0, len(containers))
@@ -383,33 +437,66 @@ func filterContainersForRequest(r *http.Request, containers []config.Container)
 }
 
 func filterTasksForRequest(r *http.Request, tasks []*Task) []*Task {
-	allowed, isSubUser := subUserAllowedContainers(r)
-	if !isSubUser {
-		return tasks
-	}
 	filtered := make([]*Task, 0, len(tasks))
 	for _, task := range tasks {
-		if c := config.FindContainer(task.ContainerID); c != nil && isContainerAllowed(allowed, c) {
+		if isTaskAllowedForRequest(r, task) {
 			filtered = append(filtered, task)
-			continue
-		}
-		if task.ContainerName != "" {
-			if c := config.FindContainerByName(task.ContainerName); c != nil && isContainerAllowed(allowed, c) {
-				filtered = append(filtered, task)
-				continue
-			}
-		}
-		if task.Config.Name != "" {
-			if c := config.FindContainerByName(task.Config.Name); c != nil && isContainerAllowed(allowed, c) {
-				filtered = append(filtered, task)
-			}
 		}
 	}
 	return filtered
 }
 
+func isTaskAllowedForRequest(r *http.Request, task *Task) bool {
+	allowed, restricted := requestAllowedContainers(r)
+	if !restricted {
+		return true
+	}
+	if task == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if c := config.FindContainer(task.ContainerID); c != nil && isContainerAllowed(allowed, c) {
+		return true
+	}
+	if task.ContainerName != "" {
+		if c := config.FindContainerByName(task.ContainerName); c != nil && isContainerAllowed(allowed, c) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	if task.Config.Name != "" {
+		if c := config.FindContainerByName(task.Config.Name); c != nil && isContainerAllowed(allowed, c) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func isContainerAllowed(allowed subUserAccess, c *config.Container) bool {
-	return c != nil && c.UUID != "" && allowed.uuids[c.UUID]
+	if c == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if c.UUID != "" && allowed.uuids[c.UUID] {
+		return true
+	}
+	return c.Name != "" && allowed.names[c.Name]
+}
+
+func isSubUserBlockedAction(action string, method string) bool {
+	if action == "" {
+		return method != http.MethodGet
+	}
+	switch action {
+	case "usage", "traffic":
+		return method != http.MethodGet
+	default:
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
+func policyBlockedMessage(c *config.Container) string {
+	if c != nil && c.PolicyBlockedReason != "" {
+		return "虚拟机被策略临时封禁：" + c.PolicyBlockedReason
+	}
+	return "虚拟机被策略临时封禁"
 }
 
 func isSubUserContainerActionAllowed(action string, method string) bool {
@@ -425,7 +512,7 @@ func isSubUserContainerActionAllowed(action string, method string) bool {
 		return method == http.MethodPost
 	case strings.HasPrefix(action, "snapshots/"):
 		return method == http.MethodDelete || method == http.MethodPost
-	case action == "start" || action == "stop" || action == "restart" || action == "reinstall":
+	case action == "start" || action == "stop" || action == "restart" || action == "reinstall" || action == "reset-password":
 		return method == http.MethodPost
 	case strings.HasPrefix(action, "port-mappings/"):
 		return method == http.MethodPut
@@ -513,6 +600,9 @@ func HandleSubUserList(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "subuser:read") {
+		return
+	}
 
 	result := make([]SubUserListItem, 0, len(config.AppConfig.SubUsers))
 	for _, su := range config.AppConfig.SubUsers {
@@ -562,7 +652,8 @@ func HandleSubUserList(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 // HandleSubUserAction handles actions on a specific sub-user
 func HandleSubUserAction(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	path := strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/api/sub-users/")
+	path := strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/api/v1/sub-users/")
+	path = strings.TrimPrefix(path, "/api/sub-users/")
 	parts := strings.SplitN(path, "/", 2)
 	subUserID := parts[0]
 	action := ""
@@ -585,6 +676,9 @@ func HandleSubUserAction(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	switch {
 	case action == "rotate-password" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "subuser:update") {
+			return
+		}
 		password := generateRandomStr(16)
 		if hash, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword([]byte(password), bcrypt.DefaultCost); err == nil {
 			target.PassHash = string(hash)
@@ -602,11 +696,17 @@ func HandleSubUserAction(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Failed to generate password"})
 
 	case action == "audit-logs" && r.Method == http.MethodGet:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "audit:read") {
+			return
+		}
 		// Filter audit logs for this sub-user
 		logs := filterSubUserAuditLogs(target.Username)
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: logs})
 
 	case action == "login-logs" && r.Method == http.MethodGet:
+		if !requireScope(w, r, "loginlog:read") {
+			return
+		}
 		// Filter login logs for this sub-user
 		logs := filterSubUserLoginLogs(target.Username)
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: logs})

backend/internal/api/swap.go

@@ -11,19 +11,27 @@ import (
 )
 
 type SwapInfo struct {
-	TotalMB   int64  `json:"total_mb"`
-	UsedMB    int64  `json:"used_mb"`
-	FreeMB    int64  `json:"free_mb"`
-	Enabled   bool   `json:"enabled"`
-	SwapFile  string `json:"swap_file"`
+	TotalMB  int64  `json:"total_mb"`
+	UsedMB   int64  `json:"used_mb"`
+	FreeMB   int64  `json:"free_mb"`
+	Enabled  bool   `json:"enabled"`
+	SwapFile string `json:"swap_file"`
 }
 
+const (
+	minSwapSizeMB = 128
+	maxSwapSizeMB = 262144
+)
+
 // HandleSwapInfo returns current swap status
 func HandleSwapInfo(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	if r.Method != http.MethodGet {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "swap:read") {
+		return
+	}
 
 	info := getSwapInfo()
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: info})
@@ -35,9 +43,12 @@ func HandleSwapManage(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "swap:manage") {
+		return
+	}
 
 	var req struct {
-		Action string `json:"action"` // create, enable, disable, resize
+		Action string `json:"action"`  // create, enable, disable, resize
 		SizeMB int    `json:"size_mb"` // for create/resize
 	}
 	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
@@ -46,54 +57,63 @@ func HandleSwapManage(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}
 
 	var msg string
+	var err error
 
 	switch req.Action {
 	case "create":
 		if req.SizeMB <= 0 {
 			req.SizeMB = 2048
 		}
-		err := createSwap(req.SizeMB)
-		if err != nil {
-			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
-			return
+		if err = validateSwapSize(req.SizeMB); err == nil {
+			err = createSwap(req.SizeMB)
 		}
 		msg = fmt.Sprintf("已创建 %d MB SWAP", req.SizeMB)
 
 	case "enable":
-		err := enableSwap()
-		if err != nil {
-			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
-			return
-		}
+		err = enableSwap()
 		msg = "SWAP 已启用"
 
 	case "disable":
-		err := disableSwap()
-		if err != nil {
-			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
-			return
-		}
+		err = disableSwap()
 		msg = "SWAP 已禁用"
 
 	case "resize":
-		if req.SizeMB <= 0 {
-			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid size"})
-			return
+		if err = validateSwapSize(req.SizeMB); err == nil {
+			err = disableSwap()
+		}
+		if err == nil {
+			err = createSwap(req.SizeMB)
+		}
+		if err == nil {
+			err = enableSwap()
 		}
-		disableSwap()
-		createSwap(req.SizeMB)
-		enableSwap()
 		msg = fmt.Sprintf("SWAP 已调整为 %d MB", req.SizeMB)
 
 	default:
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid action: " + req.Action})
 		return
 	}
+	if err != nil {
+		auditRequest(r, "swap."+req.Action, "/swapfile", fmt.Sprintf("size_mb=%d", req.SizeMB), false, err.Error())
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
 
 	info := getSwapInfo()
+	auditRequest(r, "swap."+req.Action, "/swapfile", fmt.Sprintf("size_mb=%d", req.SizeMB), true, "")
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: msg, Data: info})
 }
 
+func validateSwapSize(sizeMB int) error {
+	if sizeMB < minSwapSizeMB {
+		return fmt.Errorf("swap size must be at least %d MB", minSwapSizeMB)
+	}
+	if sizeMB > maxSwapSizeMB {
+		return fmt.Errorf("swap size cannot exceed %d MB", maxSwapSizeMB)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func getSwapInfo() SwapInfo {
 	info := SwapInfo{SwapFile: "/swapfile"}
 
@@ -160,6 +180,9 @@ func createSwap(sizeMB int) error {
 func enableSwap() error {
 	swapFile := "/swapfile"
 	if _, err := os.Stat(swapFile); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		if getSwapInfo().Enabled {
+			return nil
+		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("swap 文件不存在，请先创建")
 	}
 
@@ -180,7 +203,7 @@ func disableSwap() error {
 	cmd := exec.Command("swapoff", swapFile)
 	output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
 	if err != nil {
-		if strings.Contains(string(output), "No such") {
+		if strings.Contains(string(output), "No such") || strings.Contains(string(output), "Invalid argument") {
 			return nil
 		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("禁用 swap 失败: %v, %s", err, string(output))

backend/internal/api/taskqueue.go

@@ -75,6 +75,10 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) enqueueTask(task *Task) {
 }
 
 func (q *TaskQueue) Enqueue(containerID int, containerName string, taskType TaskType, templateID string, cfg *lxc.ContainerConfig) []string {
+	return q.EnqueueWithAudit(containerID, containerName, taskType, templateID, cfg, "admin", "", "")
+}
+
+func (q *TaskQueue) EnqueueWithAudit(containerID int, containerName string, taskType TaskType, templateID string, cfg *lxc.ContainerConfig, user string, ip string, userAgent string) []string {
 	q.mu.Lock()
 	defer q.mu.Unlock()
 
@@ -88,9 +92,13 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) Enqueue(containerID int, containerName string, taskType Task
 		Status:        "pending",
 		CreatedAt:     time.Now().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"),
 		TemplateID:    templateID,
+		User:          user,
+		IP:            ip,
+		UserAgent:     userAgent,
 	}
 	if cfg != nil {
 		task.Config = *cfg
+		task.Config.NormalizeResourceAliases()
 	}
 	q.enqueueTask(task)
 	q.persistTasks()
@@ -122,9 +130,13 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) EnqueueBatchWithAudit(taskType TaskType, ids []int, template
 }
 
 func (q *TaskQueue) EnqueueBatchCreate(configs []lxc.ContainerConfig) []string {
+	return q.EnqueueBatchCreateWithAudit(configs, "admin", "", "")
+}
+
+func (q *TaskQueue) EnqueueBatchCreateWithAudit(configs []lxc.ContainerConfig, user string, ip string, userAgent string) []string {
 	q.mu.Lock()
 	defer q.mu.Unlock()
-	return q.enqueueBatchCreateList(configs)
+	return q.enqueueBatchCreateList(configs, user, ip, userAgent)
 }
 
 func (q *TaskQueue) ActiveCreateNames() map[string]bool {
@@ -147,10 +159,11 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) ActiveCreateNames() map[string]bool {
 	return names
 }
 
-func (q *TaskQueue) enqueueBatchCreateList(configs []lxc.ContainerConfig) []string {
+func (q *TaskQueue) enqueueBatchCreateList(configs []lxc.ContainerConfig, user string, ip string, userAgent string) []string {
 	var result []string
 	for _, cfg := range configs {
 		cfgCopy := cfg
+		cfgCopy.NormalizeResourceAliases()
 		id := q.nextID
 		q.nextID++
 		task := &Task{
@@ -161,6 +174,9 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) enqueueBatchCreateList(configs []lxc.ContainerConfig) []stri
 			Status:        "pending",
 			CreatedAt:     time.Now().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"),
 			Config:        cfgCopy,
+			User:          user,
+			IP:            ip,
+			UserAgent:     userAgent,
 		}
 		q.enqueueTask(task)
 		result = append(result, task.ID)
@@ -196,6 +212,56 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) enqueueSingleWithAudit(containerID int, containerName string
 	return task.ID
 }
 
+func (q *TaskQueue) EnqueueSecurityStop(containerID int, containerName string) (string, bool) {
+	if !config.AppConfig.SecurityAutoShutdown {
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	q.mu.Lock()
+	defer q.mu.Unlock()
+
+	for _, task := range q.tasks {
+		if task.Type != TaskStop || task.ContainerID != containerID {
+			continue
+		}
+		if task.Status == "pending" || task.Status == "running" {
+			return task.ID, false
+		}
+	}
+
+	taskID := q.enqueueSingleWithAudit(containerID, containerName, TaskStop, "", "system:security", "", "")
+	q.persistTasks()
+	return taskID, true
+}
+
+func (q *TaskQueue) CancelPendingSecurityStops() int {
+	q.mu.Lock()
+	defer q.mu.Unlock()
+
+	cancelled := 0
+	newOpQueue := make([]*Task, 0, len(q.opQueue))
+	for _, task := range q.opQueue {
+		if isSecurityStopTask(task) && task.Status == "pending" {
+			delete(q.tasks, task.ID)
+			cancelled++
+			continue
+		}
+		newOpQueue = append(newOpQueue, task)
+	}
+	q.opQueue = newOpQueue
+
+	for id, task := range q.tasks {
+		if isSecurityStopTask(task) && task.Status == "pending" {
+			delete(q.tasks, id)
+			cancelled++
+		}
+	}
+	if cancelled > 0 {
+		q.persistTasks()
+	}
+	return cancelled
+}
+
 // createWorker handles TaskCreate: lxc-create, resource setup, start, and SSH init.
 // If a restored task already has a same-name container in config, it resumes
 // initialization instead of creating another ct-{id}.
@@ -214,6 +280,7 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) createWorker() {
 		if task.Config.Name == "" {
 			task.Config.Name = task.ContainerName
 		}
+		task.Config.NormalizeResourceAliases()
 		if task.Config.Name == "" {
 			task.Status = "failed"
 			task.Error = "container name is required"
@@ -226,7 +293,7 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) createWorker() {
 		c := config.FindContainerByName(task.Config.Name)
 		if c == nil {
 			// 1) Download image + apply limits (lxc-create)
-			err := lxcManager.CreateContainer(task.Config)
+			err := createByRuntime(task.Config)
 			if err != nil {
 				task.Status = "failed"
 				task.Error = err.Error()
@@ -256,10 +323,10 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) createWorker() {
 
 		// 3) Start + initialize SSH/network in the same worker.
 		//    If init fails, destroy the container so no dead entry remains.
-		startErr := lxcManager.StartContainer(c.ID)
+		startErr := startByRuntime(c.ID)
 		if startErr != nil {
 			if createdByTask {
-				lxcManager.DestroyContainer(c.ID)
+				_ = destroyByRuntime(c.ID)
 			}
 			task.Status = "failed"
 			task.Error = startErr.Error()
@@ -289,6 +356,7 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) opWorker() {
 		q.mu.Unlock()
 
 		var err error
+		skipped := false
 		err = resolveTaskContainer(task)
 		// Block operations on expired or traffic-exceeded containers (except stop/delete)
 		if err == nil && (task.Type == TaskStart || task.Type == TaskRestart || task.Type == TaskReinstall) {
@@ -301,24 +369,33 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) opWorker() {
 				}
 			}
 		}
+		if err == nil && isSecurityStopTask(task) && !config.AppConfig.SecurityAutoShutdown {
+			skipped = true
+		}
 		if err == nil {
-			switch task.Type {
-			case TaskStart:
-				err = lxcManager.StartContainer(task.ContainerID)
-			case TaskStop:
-				err = lxcManager.StopContainer(task.ContainerID)
-			case TaskRestart:
-				err = lxcManager.RestartContainer(task.ContainerID)
-			case TaskDelete:
-				err = lxcManager.DestroyContainer(task.ContainerID)
-				if err == nil {
-					time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
-					if config.FindContainer(task.ContainerID) != nil {
-						err = fmt.Errorf("container still exists after delete: %d", task.ContainerID)
+			if !skipped {
+				switch task.Type {
+				case TaskStart:
+					err = startByRuntime(task.ContainerID)
+				case TaskStop:
+					err = stopByRuntime(task.ContainerID)
+				case TaskRestart:
+					err = restartByRuntime(task.ContainerID)
+				case TaskDelete:
+					err = destroyByRuntime(task.ContainerID)
+					if err == nil {
+						time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
+						if config.FindContainer(task.ContainerID) != nil {
+							err = fmt.Errorf("container still exists after delete: %d", task.ContainerID)
+						}
+					}
+				case TaskReinstall:
+					if lxc.HasSSHAuthOptions(task.Config) {
+						err = reinstallByRuntime(task.ContainerID, task.TemplateID, task.Config)
+					} else {
+						err = reinstallByRuntime(task.ContainerID, task.TemplateID)
 					}
 				}
-			case TaskReinstall:
-				err = lxcManager.ReinstallContainer(task.ContainerID, task.TemplateID)
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -331,16 +408,23 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) opWorker() {
 			task.Status = "failed"
 			task.Error = err.Error()
 			config.AddAuditLogFull(string(task.Type), task.ContainerName, "失败: "+err.Error(), auditUser, task.IP, task.UserAgent, false, err.Error())
+		} else if skipped {
+			task.Status = "done"
+			config.AddAuditLogFull(string(task.Type), task.ContainerName, "跳过: 安全告警自动关机已关闭", auditUser, task.IP, task.UserAgent, true, "")
 		} else {
 			task.Status = "done"
 			config.AddAuditLogFull(string(task.Type), task.ContainerName, "成功", auditUser, task.IP, task.UserAgent, true, "")
 			switch task.Type {
 			case TaskStart:
 				config.UpdateContainerStatus(task.ContainerID, "running")
+				clearPolicyBlockAfterAdminRecovery(task)
 			case TaskStop:
 				config.UpdateContainerStatus(task.ContainerID, "stopped")
 			case TaskRestart:
 				config.UpdateContainerStatus(task.ContainerID, "running")
+				clearPolicyBlockAfterAdminRecovery(task)
+			case TaskReinstall:
+				clearPolicyBlockAfterAdminRecovery(task)
 			}
 		}
 		q.persistTasks()
@@ -348,6 +432,21 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) opWorker() {
 	}
 }
 
+func isSecurityStopTask(task *Task) bool {
+	return task != nil && task.Type == TaskStop && task.User == "system:security"
+}
+
+func clearPolicyBlockAfterAdminRecovery(task *Task) {
+	if task == nil || strings.HasPrefix(task.User, "user:") || task.User == "system:security" {
+		return
+	}
+	c := config.FindContainer(task.ContainerID)
+	if c != nil && c.PolicyBlocked {
+		config.SetContainerPolicyBlock(c.ID, false, "")
+		config.AddAuditLog("security_policy_unblock", c.Name, "管理员操作后解除策略临时封禁", task.User)
+	}
+}
+
 func resolveTaskContainer(task *Task) error {
 	if task.Type == TaskCreate {
 		return nil
@@ -391,6 +490,8 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) persistTasks() {
 			TemplateID:    t.TemplateID,
 			Config:        string(cfgJSON),
 			User:          t.User,
+			IP:            t.IP,
+			UserAgent:     t.UserAgent,
 		})
 	}
 	config.SaveTasks(saved)
@@ -423,18 +524,14 @@ func HandleSingleTaskAction(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int, acti
 		name = c.Name
 	}
 
-	// Determine user from JWT claims
-	user := "admin"
-	if claims, ok := claimsFromRequest(r); ok {
-		if subUser, _ := claims["sub_user"].(string); subUser != "" {
-			user = "user:" + subUser
-		}
-	}
+	// Determine user from authenticated request context.
+	user := requestActor(r)
 	ip := clientIP(r)
 	userAgent := r.Header.Get("User-Agent")
 
 	var taskType TaskType
 	var templateID string
+	var taskConfig *lxc.ContainerConfig
 	switch action {
 	case "start":
 		taskType = TaskStart
@@ -446,7 +543,10 @@ func HandleSingleTaskAction(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int, acti
 		taskType = TaskDelete
 	case "reinstall":
 		var req struct {
-			TemplateID string `json:"template_id"`
+			TemplateID   string `json:"template_id"`
+			SSHAuthMode  string `json:"ssh_auth_mode,omitempty"`
+			SSHPassword  string `json:"ssh_password,omitempty"`
+			SSHPublicKey string `json:"ssh_public_key,omitempty"`
 		}
 		json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req)
 		templateID = req.TemplateID
@@ -456,17 +556,34 @@ func HandleSingleTaskAction(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int, acti
 				templateID = c.Template
 			}
 		}
-		if !isTemplateEnabledAndDownloaded(templateID) {
+		runtime := runtimeFromTemplateID(templateID)
+		if c := config.FindContainer(id); c != nil {
+			runtime = c.Runtime()
+		}
+		if !isImageEnabledAndDownloaded(templateID, runtime) {
 			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Template is not enabled or downloaded"})
 			return
 		}
+		authCfg := lxc.ContainerConfig{
+			TemplateID:   templateID,
+			SSHAuthMode:  req.SSHAuthMode,
+			SSHPassword:  req.SSHPassword,
+			SSHPublicKey: req.SSHPublicKey,
+		}
+		if lxc.HasSSHAuthOptions(authCfg) {
+			if err := validateReinstallSSHAuth(c, templateID, authCfg); err != nil {
+				jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+				return
+			}
+			taskConfig = &authCfg
+		}
 		taskType = TaskReinstall
 	default:
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Unknown action"})
 		return
 	}
 
-	ids := globalQueue.EnqueueBatchWithAudit(taskType, []int{id}, templateID, user, ip, userAgent)
+	ids := globalQueue.EnqueueWithAudit(id, name, taskType, templateID, taskConfig, user, ip, userAgent)
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusAccepted, APIResponse{
 		Success: true,
 		Message: "Task queued",
@@ -480,6 +597,13 @@ func HandleBatchCreate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "container:create") {
+		return
+	}
+	if isAccessRestrictedRequest(r) {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Container-bound API keys cannot create containers"})
+		return
+	}
 	var req struct {
 		Containers []lxc.ContainerConfig `json:"containers"`
 	}
@@ -516,29 +640,68 @@ func HandleBatchCreate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if req.Containers[i].VCPU <= 0 {
 			req.Containers[i].VCPU = 1
 		}
+		if err := rejectNegativeCreateLimits(req.Containers[i]); err != nil {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: name + ": " + err.Error()})
+			return
+		}
+		req.Containers[i].NormalizeResourceAliases()
+		req.Containers[i].Virtualization = runtimeFromRequest(req.Containers[i].Virtualization)
 		if req.Containers[i].RAMMB < 128 {
 			req.Containers[i].RAMMB = 512
 		}
 		if req.Containers[i].DiskGB < 1 {
 			req.Containers[i].DiskGB = 5
 		}
-		if !isTemplateEnabledAndDownloaded(req.Containers[i].TemplateID) {
+		if !isImageEnabledAndDownloaded(req.Containers[i].TemplateID, req.Containers[i].Virtualization) {
 			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: name + ": template is not enabled or downloaded"})
 			return
 		}
-		if req.Containers[i].PortMappingCount < 2 {
+		if req.Containers[i].PortMappingCount < 0 {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: name + ": port mapping count cannot be negative"})
+			return
+		}
+		if req.Containers[i].WantsNAT() && req.Containers[i].PortMappingCount < 2 {
 			req.Containers[i].PortMappingCount = 2
+		} else if !req.Containers[i].WantsNAT() {
+			req.Containers[i].PortMappingCount = 0
+			req.Containers[i].ExtraPorts = nil
+		}
+		if req.Containers[i].PortMappingCount > 64 {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: name + ": port mapping count cannot exceed 64"})
+			return
+		}
+		if req.Containers[i].IPv4Count < 0 || req.Containers[i].IPv6Count < 0 {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: name + ": IP address count cannot be negative"})
+			return
+		}
+		if req.Containers[i].IPv4Count > 64 || req.Containers[i].IPv6Count > 64 {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: name + ": IP address count cannot exceed 64"})
+			return
+		}
+		if !req.Containers[i].AssignIPv4 && len(req.Containers[i].PublicIPv4s) == 0 {
+			req.Containers[i].IPv4Count = 0
+		}
+		if !req.Containers[i].AssignIPv6 && len(req.Containers[i].IPv6Addresses) == 0 {
+			req.Containers[i].IPv6Count = 0
+		}
+		if !hasRequestedNetwork(req.Containers[i]) {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: name + ": " + noNetworkSelectedMessage})
+			return
 		}
 		if req.Containers[i].SnapshotLimit <= 0 {
 			req.Containers[i].SnapshotLimit = config.DefaultSnapshotLimit
 		}
-		if err := validateContainerResourceRequest(req.Containers[i].VCPU, req.Containers[i].RAMMB, req.Containers[i].DiskGB); err != nil {
+		if err := validateRuntimeResourceRequest(req.Containers[i].Virtualization, req.Containers[i].VCPU, req.Containers[i].RAMMB, req.Containers[i].DiskGB); err != nil {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: name + ": " + err.Error()})
+			return
+		}
+		if err := validateCreateSSHAuth(req.Containers[i]); err != nil {
 			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: name + ": " + err.Error()})
 			return
 		}
 		requestNames[name] = true
 	}
-	ids := globalQueue.EnqueueBatchCreate(req.Containers)
+	ids := globalQueue.EnqueueBatchCreateWithAudit(req.Containers, requestActor(r), clientIP(r), r.UserAgent())
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusAccepted, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: ids})
 }
 
@@ -548,10 +711,17 @@ func HandleBatchAction(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !hasAnyScope(r, "container:power", "container:delete", "container:reinstall") {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Insufficient API key scope"})
+		return
+	}
 	var req struct {
-		Action     string `json:"action"`
-		Containers []int  `json:"containers"`
-		TemplateID string `json:"template_id,omitempty"`
+		Action       string `json:"action"`
+		Containers   []int  `json:"containers"`
+		TemplateID   string `json:"template_id,omitempty"`
+		SSHAuthMode  string `json:"ssh_auth_mode,omitempty"`
+		SSHPassword  string `json:"ssh_password,omitempty"`
+		SSHPublicKey string `json:"ssh_public_key,omitempty"`
 	}
 	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid request body"})
@@ -559,21 +729,76 @@ func HandleBatchAction(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}
 
 	var taskType TaskType
+	var requiredScope string
+	var taskConfig *lxc.ContainerConfig
 	switch req.Action {
 	case "start":
 		taskType = TaskStart
+		requiredScope = "container:power"
 	case "stop":
 		taskType = TaskStop
+		requiredScope = "container:power"
 	case "restart":
 		taskType = TaskRestart
+		requiredScope = "container:power"
 	case "delete":
 		taskType = TaskDelete
+		requiredScope = "container:delete"
+	case "reinstall":
+		if req.TemplateID == "" {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "template_id required"})
+			return
+		}
+		if !isTemplateEnabledAndDownloaded(req.TemplateID) {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Template is not enabled or downloaded"})
+			return
+		}
+		authCfg := lxc.ContainerConfig{
+			TemplateID:   req.TemplateID,
+			SSHAuthMode:  req.SSHAuthMode,
+			SSHPassword:  req.SSHPassword,
+			SSHPublicKey: req.SSHPublicKey,
+		}
+		if lxc.HasSSHAuthOptions(authCfg) {
+			taskConfig = &authCfg
+		}
+		taskType = TaskReinstall
+		requiredScope = "container:reinstall"
 	default:
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Unknown action"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, requiredScope) {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, id := range req.Containers {
+		c := config.FindContainer(id)
+		if c == nil || !isContainerAllowedForRequest(r, c.UUID) {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Access denied to one or more containers"})
+			return
+		}
+		if taskConfig != nil {
+			if err := validateReinstallSSHAuth(c, req.TemplateID, *taskConfig); err != nil {
+				jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: c.Name + ": " + err.Error()})
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}
 
-	ids := globalQueue.EnqueueBatch(taskType, req.Containers, req.TemplateID)
+	var ids []string
+	if taskConfig != nil {
+		for _, id := range req.Containers {
+			c := config.FindContainer(id)
+			name := ""
+			if c != nil {
+				name = c.Name
+			}
+			queued := globalQueue.EnqueueWithAudit(id, name, taskType, req.TemplateID, taskConfig, requestActor(r), clientIP(r), r.UserAgent())
+			ids = append(ids, queued...)
+		}
+	} else {
+		ids = globalQueue.EnqueueBatchWithAudit(taskType, req.Containers, req.TemplateID, requestActor(r), clientIP(r), r.UserAgent())
+	}
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusAccepted, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: ids})
 }
 
@@ -583,13 +808,22 @@ func HandleTaskDelete(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
-	// URL: /api/tasks/{id}
-	taskID := strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/api/tasks/")
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "task:delete") {
+		return
+	}
+	// URL: /api/tasks/{id} or /api/v1/tasks/{id}
+	taskID := strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/api/v1/tasks/")
+	taskID = strings.TrimPrefix(taskID, "/api/tasks/")
 	if taskID == "" {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Task ID required"})
 		return
 	}
 	globalQueue.mu.Lock()
+	if task := globalQueue.tasks[taskID]; task != nil && !isTaskAllowedForRequest(r, task) {
+		globalQueue.mu.Unlock()
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Access denied to this task"})
+		return
+	}
 	delete(globalQueue.tasks, taskID)
 	// Also remove from both queues if pending
 	newCreate := make([]*Task, 0, len(globalQueue.createQueue))
@@ -617,6 +851,9 @@ func HandleTasks(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "task:read") {
+		return
+	}
 	tasks := globalQueue.GetTasks()
 	tasks = filterTasksForRequest(r, tasks)
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: tasks})
@@ -625,6 +862,9 @@ func HandleTasks(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 // RestoreTasks restores task queue from config
 func RestoreTasks() {
 	for _, st := range config.AppConfig.Tasks {
+		if st.Type == string(TaskStop) && st.User == "system:security" && !config.AppConfig.SecurityAutoShutdown {
+			continue
+		}
 		var cfg lxc.ContainerConfig
 		if st.Config != "" {
 			json.Unmarshal([]byte(st.Config), &cfg)
@@ -636,6 +876,7 @@ func RestoreTasks() {
 		if cfg.Name == "" {
 			cfg.Name = containerName
 		}
+		cfg.NormalizeResourceAliases()
 		containerID := st.ContainerID
 		if containerID <= 0 && containerName != "" {
 			if c := config.FindContainerByName(containerName); c != nil {
@@ -653,6 +894,8 @@ func RestoreTasks() {
 			TemplateID:    st.TemplateID,
 			Config:        cfg,
 			User:          st.User,
+			IP:            st.IP,
+			UserAgent:     st.UserAgent,
 		}
 		if st.Status == "pending" || st.Status == "running" {
 			// Reset running tasks back to pending so they get retried

backend/internal/api/vnc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"clicd/internal/config"
+
+	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
+)
+
+type webVNCTicket struct {
+	ContainerName string
+	ContainerUUID string
+	Username      string
+	SubUser       bool
+	ClientIP      string
+	UserAgent     string
+	ExpiresAt     time.Time
+}
+
+var webVNCTickets = struct {
+	sync.Mutex
+	items map[string]webVNCTicket
+}{items: map[string]webVNCTicket{}}
+
+func HandleVNCTicket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if r.Method != http.MethodPost {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !requireScope(w, r, "terminal:vnc") {
+		return
+	}
+	var req struct {
+		ContainerName string `json:"container_name"`
+	}
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil || req.ContainerName == "" {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Container name required"})
+		return
+	}
+	if !isContainerAllowedForRequest(r, req.ContainerName) {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Access denied to this container"})
+		return
+	}
+	c := config.FindContainerByName(req.ContainerName)
+	if c == nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Container not found"})
+		return
+	}
+	if isSubUserRequest(r) && c.PolicyBlocked {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: policyBlockedMessage(c)})
+		return
+	}
+	if !c.IsKVM() {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "VNC console is only available for KVM VMs"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	username, isSubUser := vncRequesterIdentity(r)
+	ticket := randomHex(32)
+	webVNCTickets.Lock()
+	cleanupExpiredWebVNCTicketsLocked(time.Now())
+	webVNCTickets.items[ticket] = webVNCTicket{
+		ContainerName: c.Name,
+		ContainerUUID: c.UUID,
+		Username:      username,
+		SubUser:       isSubUser,
+		ClientIP:      clientIP(r),
+		UserAgent:     r.UserAgent(),
+		ExpiresAt:     time.Now().Add(60 * time.Second),
+	}
+	webVNCTickets.Unlock()
+
+	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{
+		Success: true,
+		Data:    map[string]string{"ticket": ticket},
+	})
+}
+
+// HandleVNCProxy proxies a KVM VM's local libvirt VNC socket to the browser.
+func HandleVNCProxy(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	ticket := webVNCTicketFromRequest(r)
+	if ticket == "" {
+		http.Error(w, "ticket required", http.StatusUnauthorized)
+		return
+	}
+
+	containerName := r.URL.Query().Get("container")
+	if containerName == "" {
+		http.Error(w, "container name required", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	item, ok := consumeWebVNCTicket(ticket, containerName, r)
+	if !ok {
+		http.Error(w, "invalid or expired ticket", http.StatusUnauthorized)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c := config.FindContainerByName(containerName)
+	if c == nil || c.UUID != item.ContainerUUID {
+		http.Error(w, "container not found", http.StatusNotFound)
+		return
+	}
+	if item.SubUser && c.PolicyBlocked {
+		http.Error(w, "虚拟机被策略临时封禁", http.StatusForbidden)
+		return
+	}
+	if !c.IsKVM() {
+		http.Error(w, "VNC console is only available for KVM VMs", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	if c.Status != "running" {
+		http.Error(w, "container is not running", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	vncPort, err := kvmManager.RefreshVNCPort(c.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("VNC display is not available: %v", err), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	vncConn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", net.JoinHostPort("127.0.0.1", fmt.Sprintf("%d", vncPort)), 5*time.Second)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("VNC connection failed: %v", err), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	defer vncConn.Close()
+
+	responseHeader := http.Header{}
+	if protocol := webVNCResponseProtocol(r); protocol != "" {
+		responseHeader.Set("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol", protocol)
+	}
+	ws, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, responseHeader)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("WebVNC upgrade failed: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer ws.Close()
+
+	log.Printf("WebVNC connected for container %s as %s (sub_user=%t) -> 127.0.0.1:%d", containerName, item.Username, item.SubUser, vncPort)
+
+	done := make(chan string, 2)
+	var writeMu sync.Mutex
+	go streamVNCToWebSocket(ws, &writeMu, vncConn, done)
+	go streamWebSocketToVNC(ws, vncConn, done)
+
+	reason := <-done
+	_ = vncConn.Close()
+	_ = ws.Close()
+	log.Printf("WebVNC disconnected for container %s as %s: %s", containerName, item.Username, reason)
+}
+
+func vncRequesterIdentity(r *http.Request) (string, bool) {
+	if ctx, ok := authContextFromRequest(r); ok {
+		switch ctx.Type {
+		case authTypeSubUser:
+			return ctx.Username, true
+		case authTypeAPIKey:
+			return ctx.Actor, false
+		case authTypeAdmin:
+			return ctx.Username, false
+		}
+	}
+	claims, ok := claimsFromRequest(r)
+	if !ok {
+		return "api-key", false
+	}
+	if subUser, ok := claims["sub_user"].(string); ok && subUser != "" {
+		return subUser, true
+	}
+	if username, ok := claims["username"].(string); ok && username != "" {
+		return username, false
+	}
+	return "unknown", false
+}
+
+func webVNCTicketFromRequest(r *http.Request) string {
+	for _, protocol := range websocket.Subprotocols(r) {
+		const prefix = "clicd-vnc-ticket."
+		if len(protocol) > len(prefix) && protocol[:len(prefix)] == prefix {
+			return protocol[len(prefix):]
+		}
+	}
+	return r.URL.Query().Get("ticket")
+}
+
+func webVNCResponseProtocol(r *http.Request) string {
+	for _, protocol := range websocket.Subprotocols(r) {
+		if protocol == "binary" {
+			return protocol
+		}
+	}
+	for _, protocol := range websocket.Subprotocols(r) {
+		const prefix = "clicd-vnc-ticket."
+		if len(protocol) > len(prefix) && protocol[:len(prefix)] == prefix {
+			return protocol
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func consumeWebVNCTicket(ticket, containerName string, r *http.Request) (webVNCTicket, bool) {
+	now := time.Now()
+	webVNCTickets.Lock()
+	defer webVNCTickets.Unlock()
+	cleanupExpiredWebVNCTicketsLocked(now)
+	item, ok := webVNCTickets.items[ticket]
+	if !ok {
+		return webVNCTicket{}, false
+	}
+	delete(webVNCTickets.items, ticket)
+	return item, item.ContainerName == containerName &&
+		item.ClientIP == clientIP(r) &&
+		item.UserAgent == r.UserAgent() &&
+		now.Before(item.ExpiresAt)
+}
+
+func cleanupExpiredWebVNCTicketsLocked(now time.Time) {
+	for ticket, item := range webVNCTickets.items {
+		if !now.Before(item.ExpiresAt) {
+			delete(webVNCTickets.items, ticket)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func streamVNCToWebSocket(ws *websocket.Conn, writeMu *sync.Mutex, src io.Reader, done chan<- string) {
+	buf := make([]byte, 32*1024)
+	for {
+		n, err := src.Read(buf)
+		if n > 0 {
+			writeMu.Lock()
+			writeErr := ws.WriteMessage(websocket.BinaryMessage, buf[:n])
+			writeMu.Unlock()
+			if writeErr != nil {
+				done <- fmt.Sprintf("browser websocket write failed: %v", writeErr)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == io.EOF {
+				done <- "VNC server closed connection"
+			} else {
+				done <- fmt.Sprintf("VNC server read failed: %v", err)
+			}
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func streamWebSocketToVNC(ws *websocket.Conn, dst net.Conn, done chan<- string) {
+	for {
+		messageType, msg, err := ws.ReadMessage()
+		if err != nil {
+			done <- fmt.Sprintf("browser websocket read failed: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		if messageType != websocket.BinaryMessage && messageType != websocket.TextMessage {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, err := dst.Write(msg); err != nil {
+			done <- fmt.Sprintf("VNC server write failed: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}

backend/internal/api/websocket.go

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 package api
 
 import (
-	"net"
 	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
-	"strings"
+
+	"clicd/internal/config"
 
 	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
 )
@@ -17,19 +16,6 @@ var upgrader = websocket.Upgrader{
 		if origin == "" {
 			return true
 		}
-		originURL, err := url.Parse(origin)
-		if err != nil {
-			return false
-		}
-		originHost := strings.ToLower(stripPort(originURL.Host))
-		requestHost := strings.ToLower(stripPort(r.Host))
-		return originHost != "" && originHost == requestHost
+		return config.IsOriginAllowed(origin, r.Host)
 	},
 }
-
-func stripPort(host string) string {
-	if parsedHost, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(host); err == nil {
-		return parsedHost
-	}
-	return strings.Trim(host, "[]")
-}

backend/internal/cli/cli_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestSafeReleaseBackupComponent(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := map[string]string{
+		"v1.2.3":              "1.2.3",
+		" release/candidate ": "release_candidate",
+		"../../etc/passwd":    "etc_passwd",
+		"":                    "unknown",
+	}
+	for input, want := range tests {
+		if got := safeReleaseBackupComponent(input); got != want {
+			t.Fatalf("safeReleaseBackupComponent(%q) = %q, want %q", input, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReleaseArchiveAssetName(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := map[string]string{
+		"amd64": "clicd-linux-amd64.tar.gz",
+		"arm64": "clicd-linux-arm64.tar.gz",
+	}
+	for goarch, want := range tests {
+		got, err := releaseArchiveAssetName(goarch)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("releaseArchiveAssetName(%q) error = %v", goarch, err)
+		}
+		if got != want {
+			t.Fatalf("releaseArchiveAssetName(%q) = %q, want %q", goarch, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if _, err := releaseArchiveAssetName("386"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("releaseArchiveAssetName(386) error = nil, want unsupported architecture")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCopyFileToBackupRejectsUnsafeFileName(t *testing.T) {
+	unsafeNames := []string{
+		"../clicd",
+		"..\\clicd",
+		"subdir/clicd",
+		"",
+	}
+	for _, name := range unsafeNames {
+		if _, err := copyFileToBackup("missing-source", name, 0755); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unsafe backup file name") {
+			t.Fatalf("copyFileToBackup(%q) error = %v, want unsafe backup file name", name, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFormatSSHAccessDoesNotExposePassword(t *testing.T) {
+	out := formatSSHAccess(2222)
+	if strings.Contains(out, "/") {
+		t.Fatalf("formatSSHAccess output contains credential separator: %q", out)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(out), "password123") {
+		t.Fatalf("formatSSHAccess output exposed password: %q", out)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "2222 -> 22") {
+		t.Fatalf("formatSSHAccess output = %q, want SSH port mapping", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFormatSSHAccessHandlesMissingPort(t *testing.T) {
+	out := formatSSHAccess(0)
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "端口未分配") {
+		t.Fatalf("formatSSHAccess output = %q, want missing port message", out)
+	}
+}

backend/internal/config/nat_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package config
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestAllocateSSHPortUsesConfiguredNATRange(t *testing.T) {
+	AppConfig = &ClicdConfig{
+		NATPortStart: 30000,
+		NATPortEnd:   30002,
+		NextSSHPort:  22000,
+		Containers: []Container{{
+			PortMappings: []PortMapping{
+				{HostPort: 30000},
+				{HostPort: 30001},
+			},
+		}},
+	}
+
+	port, err := AllocateSSHPort()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if port != 30002 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected port 30002, got %d", port)
+	}
+	if AppConfig.NextSSHPort != 30000 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected next port to wrap to 30000, got %d", AppConfig.NextSSHPort)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAllocateSSHPortErrorsWhenConfiguredRangeIsFull(t *testing.T) {
+	AppConfig = &ClicdConfig{
+		NATPortStart: 31000,
+		NATPortEnd:   31001,
+		NextSSHPort:  31000,
+		Containers: []Container{{
+			PortMappings: []PortMapping{
+				{HostPort: 31000},
+				{HostPort: 31001},
+			},
+		}},
+	}
+
+	if port, err := AllocateSSHPort(); err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected exhausted NAT range error, got port %d", port)
+	}
+}

backend/internal/config/origins.go

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// NormalizeAllowedOrigin accepts a browser Origin value such as
+// https://www.example.com and returns a canonical form for exact matching.
+func NormalizeAllowedOrigin(value string) (string, error) {
+	value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
+	if value == "" {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	u, err := url.Parse(value)
+	if err != nil || u.Scheme == "" || u.Host == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("Origin must include scheme and host: %s", value)
+	}
+	scheme := strings.ToLower(u.Scheme)
+	if scheme != "http" && scheme != "https" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("Origin scheme must be http or https: %s", value)
+	}
+	if (u.Path != "" && u.Path != "/") || u.RawQuery != "" || u.Fragment != "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("Origin must not include path, query, or fragment: %s", value)
+	}
+	host := normalizeOriginHostPort(u.Host, scheme)
+	if host == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("Origin host is required: %s", value)
+	}
+	return scheme + "://" + host, nil
+}
+
+func NormalizeAllowedOrigins(values []string) ([]string, error) {
+	result := make([]string, 0, len(values))
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, value := range values {
+		origin, err := NormalizeAllowedOrigin(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if origin == "" || seen[origin] {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[origin] = true
+		result = append(result, origin)
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func IsOriginAllowed(origin string, requestHost string) bool {
+	origin = strings.TrimSpace(origin)
+	if origin == "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	if isSameRequestOrigin(origin, requestHost) {
+		return true
+	}
+	normalized, err := NormalizeAllowedOrigin(origin)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if AppConfig == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, allowed := range AppConfig.WebSSHAllowedOrigins {
+		allowed, err := NormalizeAllowedOrigin(allowed)
+		if err == nil && normalized == allowed {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func isSameRequestOrigin(origin string, requestHost string) bool {
+	u, err := url.Parse(origin)
+	if err != nil || u.Host == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	originHost := normalizeHostOnly(u.Hostname())
+	host := normalizeHostOnly(requestHost)
+	if originHost == "" || host == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	if originHost == host {
+		return true
+	}
+	return isLoopbackHost(originHost) && isLoopbackHost(host)
+}
+
+func normalizeOriginHostPort(raw string, scheme string) string {
+	host := raw
+	port := ""
+	if h, p, err := net.SplitHostPort(raw); err == nil {
+		host = h
+		port = p
+	}
+	host = normalizeHostOnly(host)
+	if host == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if (scheme == "https" && port == "443") || (scheme == "http" && port == "80") {
+		port = ""
+	}
+	if port != "" {
+		return net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(host, ":") && net.ParseIP(host) != nil {
+		return "[" + host + "]"
+	}
+	return host
+}
+
+func normalizeHostOnly(raw string) string {
+	raw = strings.TrimSpace(raw)
+	if raw == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if h, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(raw); err == nil {
+		raw = h
+	}
+	raw = strings.Trim(raw, "[]")
+	if ip := net.ParseIP(raw); ip != nil {
+		return strings.ToLower(ip.String())
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSuffix(strings.ToLower(raw), ".")
+}
+
+func isLoopbackHost(host string) bool {
+	if host == "localhost" {
+		return true
+	}
+	ip := net.ParseIP(host)
+	return ip != nil && ip.IsLoopback()
+}

backend/internal/config/ssl_paths.go

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+const letsEncryptLiveDir = "/etc/letsencrypt/live"
+
+var dnsNamePattern = regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Za-z0-9.-]+$`)
+
+func SSLStorageDir() string {
+	dataDir := ""
+	if AppConfig != nil {
+		dataDir = AppConfig.DataDir
+	}
+	if dataDir == "" {
+		dataDir = getDataDir()
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(dataDir, "ssl")
+}
+
+func UploadedSSLPaths() (string, string, error) {
+	dir, err := safeSSLStorageDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(dir, "uploaded-fullchain.pem"), filepath.Join(dir, "uploaded-privkey.pem"), nil
+}
+
+func SelfSignedSSLPaths() (string, string, error) {
+	dir, err := safeSSLStorageDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(dir, "self-signed-fullchain.pem"), filepath.Join(dir, "self-signed-privkey.pem"), nil
+}
+
+func LetsEncryptSSLPaths(target string) (string, string, error) {
+	name, err := NormalizeSSLCertificateTarget(target)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	base := filepath.Join(letsEncryptLiveDir, name)
+	return filepath.Join(base, "fullchain.pem"), filepath.Join(base, "privkey.pem"), nil
+}
+
+func ResolveSSLConfigPaths(ssl SSLConfig) (string, string, error) {
+	mode := NormalizeSSLMode(ssl.Mode)
+	switch mode {
+	case SSLModeUploaded:
+		if ssl.CertPath != "" && ssl.KeyPath != "" {
+			return ResolveSSLPathPair(ssl.CertPath, ssl.KeyPath)
+		}
+		return UploadedSSLPaths()
+	case SSLModeSelfSigned:
+		if ssl.CertPath != "" && ssl.KeyPath != "" {
+			return ResolveSSLPathPair(ssl.CertPath, ssl.KeyPath)
+		}
+		return SelfSignedSSLPaths()
+	case SSLModeLetsEncrypt:
+		if strings.TrimSpace(ssl.Target) == "" && ssl.CertPath != "" && ssl.KeyPath != "" {
+			return ResolveSSLPathPair(ssl.CertPath, ssl.KeyPath)
+		}
+		return LetsEncryptSSLPaths(ssl.Target)
+	default:
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("SSL is disabled")
+	}
+}
+
+func ResolveSSLPathPair(certPath, keyPath string) (string, string, error) {
+	safeCertPath, err := ResolveSSLPath(certPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	safeKeyPath, err := ResolveSSLPath(keyPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	return safeCertPath, safeKeyPath, nil
+}
+
+func ResolveSSLPath(path string) (string, error) {
+	cleaned, err := cleanAbsolutePath(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if isPathUnder(cleaned, SSLStorageDir()) || isPathUnder(cleaned, letsEncryptLiveDir) || isPathUnder(cleaned, "/etc/letsencrypt/archive") {
+		return cleaned, nil
+	}
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("SSL path is outside allowed certificate directories")
+}
+
+func ReadableFileStat(path string) (os.FileInfo, error) {
+	safePath, err := ResolveSSLPath(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return os.Stat(safePath)
+}
+
+func NormalizeSSLCertificateTarget(target string) (string, error) {
+	target = strings.TrimSpace(strings.Trim(target, "[]"))
+	if target == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("SSL target is required")
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(target, "/") || strings.Contains(target, "\\") || strings.Contains(target, "..") {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("SSL target contains invalid path characters")
+	}
+	if ip := net.ParseIP(target); ip != nil {
+		return ip.String(), nil
+	}
+	if len(target) > 253 || !dnsNamePattern.MatchString(target) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("SSL target must be a valid IP address or DNS name")
+	}
+	labels := strings.Split(target, ".")
+	for _, label := range labels {
+		if label == "" || len(label) > 63 || strings.HasPrefix(label, "-") || strings.HasSuffix(label, "-") {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("SSL target must be a valid IP address or DNS name")
+		}
+	}
+	return strings.ToLower(target), nil
+}
+
+func safeSSLStorageDir() (string, error) {
+	dir, err := cleanAbsolutePath(SSLStorageDir())
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	dataDir := ""
+	if AppConfig != nil {
+		dataDir = AppConfig.DataDir
+	}
+	if dataDir == "" {
+		dataDir = getDataDir()
+	}
+	if !isPathUnder(dir, dataDir) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("SSL storage directory is outside the data directory")
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0700); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return dir, nil
+}
+
+func cleanAbsolutePath(path string) (string, error) {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(path) == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("path is empty")
+	}
+	abs, err := filepath.Abs(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return filepath.Clean(abs), nil
+}
+
+func isPathUnder(path, root string) bool {
+	cleanPath, err := cleanAbsolutePath(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	cleanRoot, err := cleanAbsolutePath(root)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	rel, err := filepath.Rel(cleanRoot, cleanPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return rel == "." || (rel != ".." && !strings.HasPrefix(rel, ".."+string(filepath.Separator)))
+}

backend/internal/config/store_sqlite_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestSQLiteConfigMigratesLegacyJSONAndPersists(t *testing.T) {
+	resetConfigStoreForTest(t)
+
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		resetConfigStoreForTest(t)
+	})
+	legacyPath := filepath.Join(dir, "config.json")
+	SetConfigPath(legacyPath)
+
+	legacy := ClicdConfig{
+		AdminUser:       "admin",
+		AdminPassHash:   "hash",
+		JWTSecret:       "secret",
+		Port:            8999,
+		DataDir:         dir,
+		NextContainerID: 2,
+		NextVNCPort:     5900,
+		NextSSHPort:     22000,
+		Containers: []Container{{
+			ID:               1,
+			UUID:             "uuid-1",
+			Name:             "ct1",
+			Virtualization:   "lxc",
+			Template:         "debian-12",
+			Status:           "running",
+			PortMappingLimit: 2,
+			SnapshotLimit:    3,
+			PortMappings: []PortMapping{{
+				ContainerPort: 22,
+				HostPort:      22001,
+				Protocol:      "tcp",
+				Description:   "SSH",
+			}},
+		}},
+		AuditLogs: []AuditLog{{
+			Time:   "2026-06-07 17:29:00",
+			Action: "security_horizontal_scan",
+			Target: "ct1",
+			Detail: "[medium] 可疑横向探测",
+			User:   "system",
+		}},
+		LoginLogs: []SavedLoginLog{{
+			Time:      "2026-06-07 17:29:01 CST",
+			Username:  "admin",
+			IP:        "127.0.0.1",
+			UserAgent: "test",
+			Success:   true,
+		}},
+		Tasks: []SavedTask{{
+			ID:            "task-1",
+			Type:          "create",
+			ContainerName: "ct2",
+			Status:        "pending",
+			CreatedAt:     "2026-06-07 17:29:02",
+			Config:        `{"name":"ct2","template_id":"debian-12","vcpu":1,"ram_mb":512,"disk_gb":5,"extra_ports":[80,443],"assign_ipv6":true}`,
+		}},
+		EnabledImages: []string{"debian-12"},
+		Snapshots: []Snapshot{{
+			ID:            "snap-1",
+			ContainerID:   1,
+			ContainerName: "ct1",
+			LXCName:       "ct-1",
+			CreatedAt:     "2026-06-07 17:30:00",
+			Path:          filepath.Join(dir, "snap-1"),
+		}},
+	}
+	data, err := json.Marshal(legacy)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(legacyPath, data, 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := InitConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(cfg.Containers) != 1 || len(cfg.Containers[0].PortMappings) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("legacy config was not migrated: %+v", cfg.Containers)
+	}
+	if len(cfg.Tasks) != 1 || !strings.Contains(cfg.Tasks[0].Config, `"extra_ports":[80,443]`) {
+		t.Fatalf("task config was not restored from sqlite columns: %+v", cfg.Tasks)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, "config.db")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("sqlite database was not created: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg.Containers[0].Status = "stopped"
+	if err := SaveConfig(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	resetConfigStoreForTest(t)
+	SetConfigPath(legacyPath)
+	cfg, err = InitConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := cfg.Containers[0].Status; got != "stopped" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected sqlite value to win after migration, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func resetConfigStoreForTest(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if db != nil {
+		if err := db.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		db = nil
+	}
+	AppConfig = nil
+	configPath = ""
+}

backend/internal/kvm/kvm_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+package kvm
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"clicd/internal/config"
+
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+)
+
+func TestChpasswdStdinPreservesShellMetacharacters(t *testing.T) {
+	password := `pa'";$(touch /tmp/pwned); echo #\\word`
+	got, err := chpasswdStdin("root", password)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("chpasswdStdin returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	want := []byte("root:" + password + "\n")
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("chpasswdStdin = %#v, want %#v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestChpasswdStdinRejectsNewlines(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		username string
+		password string
+	}{
+		{name: "username newline", username: "root\nadmin", password: "safe"},
+		{name: "username colon", username: "root:admin", password: "safe"},
+		{name: "password newline", username: "root", password: "safe\nroot:evil"},
+		{name: "password carriage return", username: "root", password: "safe\rroot:evil"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if _, err := chpasswdStdin(tc.username, tc.password); err == nil {
+				t.Fatal("chpasswdStdin returned nil error")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestVerifyKVMHostKeyCapturesAndRejectsMismatch(t *testing.T) {
+	key1 := testSSHPublicKey(t)
+	key2 := testSSHPublicKey(t)
+
+	saves := 0
+	c := &config.Container{}
+	save := func() error {
+		saves++
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := verifyKVMHostKey(c, key1, save); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("first host key verification returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if c.SSHHostKey == "" {
+		t.Fatal("first host key verification did not capture fingerprint")
+	}
+	if c.SSHHostKey != sshHostKeyFingerprint(key1) {
+		t.Fatalf("captured fingerprint = %q, want %q", c.SSHHostKey, sshHostKeyFingerprint(key1))
+	}
+	if saves != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("save count = %d, want 1", saves)
+	}
+
+	if err := verifyKVMHostKey(c, key1, save); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("same host key verification returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if saves != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("save count after same key = %d, want 1", saves)
+	}
+
+	if err := verifyKVMHostKey(c, key2, save); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("mismatched host key verification returned nil error")
+	}
+}
+
+func testSSHPublicKey(t *testing.T) ssh.PublicKey {
+	t.Helper()
+	_, privateKey, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	signer, err := ssh.NewSignerFromKey(privateKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return signer.PublicKey()
+}

backend/internal/kvm/templates.go

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+package kvm
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+)
+
+type Image struct {
+	ID          string `json:"id"`
+	Name        string `json:"name"`
+	Distro      string `json:"distro"`
+	Release     string `json:"release"`
+	Arch        string `json:"arch"`
+	Description string `json:"description"`
+	URL         string `json:"url"`
+	Desktop     string `json:"desktop,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func GetImages() []Image {
+	switch runtime.GOARCH {
+	case "arm64":
+		return arm64Images()
+	default:
+		return amd64Images()
+	}
+}
+
+func amd64Images() []Image {
+	return []Image{
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-ubuntu-noble", Name: "Ubuntu 24.04 KVM",
+			Distro: "ubuntu", Release: "noble", Arch: "amd64",
+			Description: "Ubuntu 24.04 LTS cloud image for KVM",
+			URL:         "https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/noble/current/noble-server-cloudimg-amd64.img",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-ubuntu-noble-xfce", Name: "Ubuntu 24.04 XFCE KVM",
+			Distro: "ubuntu", Release: "noble", Arch: "amd64",
+			Description: "Ubuntu 24.04 LTS cloud image with XFCE desktop provisioned via cloud-init",
+			URL:         "https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/noble/current/noble-server-cloudimg-amd64.img",
+			Desktop:     "xfce",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-ubuntu-jammy", Name: "Ubuntu 22.04 KVM",
+			Distro: "ubuntu", Release: "jammy", Arch: "amd64",
+			Description: "Ubuntu 22.04 LTS cloud image for KVM",
+			URL:         "https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/jammy/current/jammy-server-cloudimg-amd64.img",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-debian-bookworm", Name: "Debian 12 KVM",
+			Distro: "debian", Release: "bookworm", Arch: "amd64",
+			Description: "Debian 12 generic cloud image for KVM",
+			URL:         "https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/bookworm/latest/debian-12-genericcloud-amd64.qcow2",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-debian-bookworm-xfce", Name: "Debian 12 XFCE KVM",
+			Distro: "debian", Release: "bookworm", Arch: "amd64",
+			Description: "Debian 12 generic cloud image with XFCE desktop provisioned via cloud-init",
+			URL:         "https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/bookworm/latest/debian-12-genericcloud-amd64.qcow2",
+			Desktop:     "xfce",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-debian-bullseye", Name: "Debian 11 KVM",
+			Distro: "debian", Release: "bullseye", Arch: "amd64",
+			Description: "Debian 11 generic cloud image for KVM",
+			URL:         "https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/bullseye/latest/debian-11-genericcloud-amd64.qcow2",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-alpine-3.23", Name: "Alpine 3.23 KVM",
+			Distro: "alpine", Release: "3.23", Arch: "amd64",
+			Description: "Alpine Linux 3.23 NoCloud cloud-init image for KVM",
+			URL:         "https://dev.alpinelinux.org/~tomalok/alpine-cloud-images/v3.23/nocloud/x86_64/nocloud_alpine-3.23.4-x86_64-bios-cloudinit-r0.qcow2",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-centos-9-stream", Name: "CentOS Stream 9 KVM",
+			Distro: "centos", Release: "9-stream", Arch: "amd64",
+			Description: "CentOS Stream 9 GenericCloud image for KVM",
+			URL:         "https://cloud.centos.org/centos/9-stream/x86_64/images/CentOS-Stream-GenericCloud-9-latest.x86_64.qcow2",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-archlinux-current", Name: "Arch Linux KVM",
+			Distro: "archlinux", Release: "current", Arch: "amd64",
+			Description: "Arch Linux (Rolling) cloud image for KVM",
+			URL:         "https://geo.mirror.pkgbuild.com/images/latest/Arch-Linux-x86_64-cloudimg.qcow2",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-fedora-44", Name: "Fedora 44 KVM",
+			Distro: "fedora", Release: "44", Arch: "amd64",
+			Description: "Fedora 44 GenericCloud image for KVM",
+			URL:         "https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/44/Cloud/x86_64/images/Fedora-Cloud-Base-Generic-44-1.7.x86_64.qcow2",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-rockylinux-9", Name: "Rocky Linux 9 KVM",
+			Distro: "rockylinux", Release: "9", Arch: "amd64",
+			Description: "Rocky Linux 9 GenericCloud image for KVM",
+			URL:         "https://dl.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/9/images/x86_64/Rocky-9-GenericCloud-Base.latest.x86_64.qcow2",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-windows-10", Name: "Windows 10 KVM",
+			Distro: "windows", Release: "10", Arch: "amd64",
+			Description: "Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC Evaluation",
+			URL:         "https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=2195404",
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func arm64Images() []Image {
+	return []Image{
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-ubuntu-noble", Name: "Ubuntu 24.04 KVM",
+			Distro: "ubuntu", Release: "noble", Arch: "arm64",
+			Description: "Ubuntu 24.04 LTS cloud image for ARM64 KVM",
+			URL:         "https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/noble/current/noble-server-cloudimg-arm64.img",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-ubuntu-jammy", Name: "Ubuntu 22.04 KVM",
+			Distro: "ubuntu", Release: "jammy", Arch: "arm64",
+			Description: "Ubuntu 22.04 LTS cloud image for ARM64 KVM",
+			URL:         "https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/jammy/current/jammy-server-cloudimg-arm64.img",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-debian-bookworm", Name: "Debian 12 KVM",
+			Distro: "debian", Release: "bookworm", Arch: "arm64",
+			Description: "Debian 12 generic cloud image for ARM64 KVM",
+			URL:         "https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/bookworm/latest/debian-12-genericcloud-arm64.qcow2",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-debian-bullseye", Name: "Debian 11 KVM",
+			Distro: "debian", Release: "bullseye", Arch: "arm64",
+			Description: "Debian 11 generic cloud image for ARM64 KVM",
+			URL:         "https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/bullseye/latest/debian-11-genericcloud-arm64.qcow2",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-centos-9-stream", Name: "CentOS Stream 9 KVM",
+			Distro: "centos", Release: "9-stream", Arch: "arm64",
+			Description: "CentOS Stream 9 GenericCloud image for ARM64 KVM",
+			URL:         "https://cloud.centos.org/centos/9-stream/aarch64/images/CentOS-Stream-GenericCloud-9-latest.aarch64.qcow2",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-fedora-44", Name: "Fedora 44 KVM",
+			Distro: "fedora", Release: "44", Arch: "arm64",
+			Description: "Fedora 44 GenericCloud image for ARM64 KVM",
+			URL:         "https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/44/Cloud/aarch64/images/Fedora-Cloud-Base-Generic-44-1.7.aarch64.qcow2",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-rockylinux-9", Name: "Rocky Linux 9 KVM",
+			Distro: "rockylinux", Release: "9", Arch: "arm64",
+			Description: "Rocky Linux 9 GenericCloud image for ARM64 KVM",
+			URL:         "https://dl.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/9/images/aarch64/Rocky-9-GenericCloud-Base.latest.aarch64.qcow2",
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func FindImage(id string) *Image {
+	for _, image := range GetImages() {
+		if image.ID == id {
+			return &image
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func CacheDir() string {
+	return filepath.Join(BaseDir(), "images")
+}
+
+func ImagePath(id string) string {
+	img := FindImage(id)
+	ext := ".qcow2"
+	if img != nil && img.Distro == "windows" {
+		ext = ".iso"
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(CacheDir(), id+ext)
+}
+
+// IsWindowsImage returns true if the image distro is "windows".
+func IsWindowsImage(id string) bool {
+	img := FindImage(id)
+	return img != nil && img.Distro == "windows"
+}
+
+func virtioWinISOPath() string {
+	return filepath.Join(CacheDir(), "virtio-win.iso")
+}

backend/internal/lxc/expiry.go

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ func IsExpired(c config.Container) bool {
 // StopExpiredContainers stops running containers whose expiration date has passed.
 func (m *Manager) StopExpiredContainers(now time.Time) {
 	for _, container := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
-		if !isContainerExpired(container, now) {
+		if container.IsKVM() || !isContainerExpired(container, now) {
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func (m *Manager) StopTrafficExceededContainers(now time.Time) {
 	saved := false
 	for i := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
 		c := &config.AppConfig.Containers[i]
-		if c.Status != "running" {
+		if c.IsKVM() || c.Status != "running" {
 			continue
 		}
 

backend/internal/lxc/lxc_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+package lxc
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestRootfsCommandAddsSeparatorForAllowedCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	base := t.TempDir()
+	rootfs := filepath.Join(base, "ct-1", "rootfs")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(rootfs, 0755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	m := &Manager{LxcPath: base}
+	cmd, err := m.rootfsCommand(rootfs, "chpasswd")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("rootfsCommand returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	want := []string{"chroot", "--", rootfs, "chpasswd"}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(cmd.Args, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("cmd.Args = %#v, want %#v", cmd.Args, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRootfsCommandRejectsUnmanagedCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	base := t.TempDir()
+	rootfs := filepath.Join(base, "ct-1", "rootfs")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(rootfs, 0755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	m := &Manager{LxcPath: base}
+	if _, err := m.rootfsCommand(rootfs, "true"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("rootfsCommand allowed unmanaged command")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRootfsCommandRejectsLeadingDashContainerName(t *testing.T) {
+	base := t.TempDir()
+	rootfs := filepath.Join(base, "-ct", "rootfs")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(rootfs, 0755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	m := &Manager{LxcPath: base}
+	if _, err := m.rootfsCommand(rootfs, "chpasswd"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("rootfsCommand allowed leading-dash container name")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRootfsCommandRejectsUnsafeRootfsPaths(t *testing.T) {
+	base := t.TempDir()
+	outside := t.TempDir()
+	m := &Manager{LxcPath: base}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		path string
+	}{
+		{name: "outside base", path: filepath.Join(outside, "ct-1", "rootfs")},
+		{name: "base path", path: base},
+		{name: "not rootfs", path: filepath.Join(base, "ct-1", "not-rootfs")},
+		{name: "rootfs directly under base", path: filepath.Join(base, "rootfs")},
+		{name: "relative rootfs", path: filepath.Join("ct-1", "rootfs")},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if _, err := m.rootfsCommand(tc.path, "chpasswd"); err == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("rootfsCommand(%q) returned nil error", tc.path)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSafeRootfsPathRejectsSiblingPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	parent := t.TempDir()
+	base := filepath.Join(parent, "lxc")
+	siblingRootfs := filepath.Join(parent, "lxc-evil", "ct-1", "rootfs")
+	m := &Manager{LxcPath: base}
+
+	if _, err := m.safeRootfsPath(siblingRootfs); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unsafe rootfs path") {
+		t.Fatalf("safeRootfsPath returned %v, want unsafe rootfs path error", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsLXCVDenylistSeccompProfile(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []string{`
+# base profile
+2
+denylist
+[all]
+open_by_handle_at errno 1
+`, `
+2
+blacklist allow
+[all]
+open_by_handle_at errno 1
+`}
+
+	for _, profile := range tests {
+		if !isLXCVDenylistSeccompProfile(profile) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected v2 denylist profile for\n%s", profile)
+		}
+	}
+	if isLXCVDenylistSeccompProfile("1\nallowlist\n1\n") {
+		t.Fatal("did not expect v1 allowlist profile")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManagedPrlimitLinesDoNotSetNproc(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, line := range managedPrlimitLines() {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(line), "lxc.prlimit.nproc") {
+			t.Fatalf("managed prlimit lines must not set nproc: %q", line)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppendMissingSeccompRulesAddsFutexMitigationOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	base := "2\ndenylist\n[all]\nopen_by_handle_at errno 1\n"
+
+	once := appendMissingSeccompRules(base, cve202643499FutexSeccompRules)
+	twice := appendMissingSeccompRules(once, cve202643499FutexSeccompRules)
+
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"futex errno 1 [1,0x6,SCMP_CMP_MASKED_EQ,0x7f]",
+		"futex errno 1 [1,0xb,SCMP_CMP_MASKED_EQ,0x7f]",
+		"futex errno 1 [1,0xc,SCMP_CMP_MASKED_EQ,0x7f]",
+		"futex errno 1 [1,0xd,SCMP_CMP_MASKED_EQ,0x7f]",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(once, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("missing seccomp rule %q in\n%s", want, once)
+		}
+		if strings.Count(twice, want) != 1 {
+			t.Fatalf("rule %q duplicated in\n%s", want, twice)
+		}
+	}
+}

backend/internal/lxc/portmap.go

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ package lxc
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
 	"os/exec"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 
 	"clicd/internal/config"
 )
@@ -17,59 +19,266 @@ func (m *Manager) ApplyPortMappings(id int) error {
 	if c.IP == "" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("container has no IP")
 	}
+	EnsureAssignedPublicIPv4s(c.PublicIPv4s)
 	tag := clicdTag(id)
-
-	EnsureForwardRules()
-	m.CleanPortMappings(id)
-
-	for _, pm := range c.PortMappings {
-		cmd := exec.Command("iptables",
-			"-t", "nat",
-			"-I", "PREROUTING", "1",
-			"-p", pm.Protocol,
-			"--dport", fmt.Sprintf("%d", pm.HostPort),
-			"-j", "DNAT",
-			"--to-destination", fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", c.IP, pm.ContainerPort),
-			"-m", "comment", "--comment", fmt.Sprintf("clicd-%s-%d", tag, pm.HostPort),
-		)
-		output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
-		if err != nil {
-			fmt.Printf("Warning: failed to apply port mapping %d->%s:%d: %v, output: %s\n",
-				pm.HostPort, c.IP, pm.ContainerPort, err, string(output))
-			continue
-		}
-		fmt.Printf("Port mapping: host:%d -> %s:%d\n", pm.HostPort, c.IP, pm.ContainerPort)
+	bridge := "lxcbr0"
+	subnet := "10.0.3.0/24"
+	if c.IsKVM() {
+		bridge = "virbr0"
+		subnet = "192.168.122.0/24"
 	}
 
-	if exec.Command("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-C", "POSTROUTING", "-s", "10.0.3.0/24", "-o", "eth+", "-j", "MASQUERADE").Run() != nil {
-		exec.Command("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-I", "POSTROUTING", "1", "-s", "10.0.3.0/24", "-o", "eth+", "-j", "MASQUERADE").Run()
+	EnsureForwardRules(bridge)
+	m.CleanPortMappings(id)
+	deleteBridgeMasquerade(subnet)
+
+	for _, pm := range c.PortMappings {
+		for _, hostIP := range expandPortMappingHostIPs(c, pm) {
+			args := []string{
+				"-t", "nat",
+				"-I", "PREROUTING", "1",
+				"-p", pm.Protocol,
+			}
+			if hostIP != "" {
+				args = append(args, "-d", hostIP)
+			}
+			args = append(args,
+				"--dport", fmt.Sprintf("%d", pm.HostPort),
+				"-j", "DNAT",
+				"--to-destination", fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", c.IP, pm.ContainerPort),
+				"-m", "comment", "--comment", fmt.Sprintf("clicd-%s-%s-%d", tag, natRuleIPTag(hostIP), pm.HostPort),
+			)
+			cmd := exec.Command("iptables", args...)
+			output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Printf("Warning: failed to apply port mapping %s:%d->%s:%d: %v, output: %s\n",
+					displayHostIP(hostIP), pm.HostPort, c.IP, pm.ContainerPort, err, string(output))
+				continue
+			}
+			fmt.Printf("Port mapping: %s:%d -> %s:%d\n", displayHostIP(hostIP), pm.HostPort, c.IP, pm.ContainerPort)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// When container has public IPv4, apply full port passthrough DNAT so the
+	// container owns all ports on its public IP (no NAT management needed).
+	if len(c.PublicIPv4s) > 0 {
+		ensureIndependentIPv4Ingress(c, tag)
+	}
+
+	applyIPv4EgressPolicy(c, bridge, subnet, tag)
+
+	if err := ApplyFirewallRules(id); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+func ensureIndependentIPv4Ingress(c *config.Container, tag string) {
+	if c == nil || c.IP == "" || len(c.PublicIPv4s) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, assignment := range c.PublicIPv4s {
+		hostIP := strings.TrimSpace(assignment.Address)
+		if hostIP == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		// Full port passthrough: DNAT all TCP+UDP traffic on this public IP to the container.
+		for _, proto := range []string{"tcp", "udp"} {
+			args := []string{
+				"-t", "nat",
+				"-I", "PREROUTING", "1",
+				"-d", hostIP,
+				"-p", proto,
+				"-j", "DNAT",
+				"--to-destination", c.IP,
+				"-m", "comment", "--comment", fmt.Sprintf("clicd-%s-%s-all-%s", tag, natRuleIPTag(hostIP), proto),
+			}
+			cmd := exec.Command("iptables", args...)
+			output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Printf("Warning: failed to apply %s passthrough %s->%s: %v, output: %s\n",
+					proto, hostIP, c.IP, err, string(output))
+				continue
+			}
+			fmt.Printf("IPv4 passthrough (%s): %s -> %s (all ports)\n", proto, hostIP, c.IP)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func applyIPv4EgressPolicy(c *config.Container, bridge, subnet, tag string) {
+	if c == nil || strings.TrimSpace(c.IP) == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	if containerAllowsPublicIPv4Egress(c) {
+		if _, ok := primaryPublicIPv4Assignment(c); ok {
+			applyPublicIPv4SNAT(c, tag)
+			return
+		}
+		ensureContainerMasquerade(c, tag)
+		return
+	}
+	ensureIPv4EgressBlocked(c, bridge, subnet, tag)
+}
+
+func containerAllowsPublicIPv4Egress(c *config.Container) bool {
+	if c == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if len(c.PublicIPv4s) > 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	return c.PortMappingLimit > 0 || len(c.PortMappings) > 0
+}
+
+func ensureContainerMasquerade(c *config.Container, tag string) {
+	args := []string{
+		"-s", c.IP + "/32",
+		"-m", "comment", "--comment", fmt.Sprintf("clicd-%s-masq", tag),
+		"-j", "MASQUERADE",
+	}
+	if host := DetectPublicIPv4(); strings.TrimSpace(host.Interface) != "" {
+		args = append([]string{"-o", strings.TrimSpace(host.Interface)}, args...)
+	} else {
+		args = append([]string{"-o", "eth+"}, args...)
+	}
+	ensureNATRule("POSTROUTING", args)
+}
+
+func ensureIPv4EgressBlocked(c *config.Container, bridge, subnet, tag string) {
+	args := []string{
+		"-i", bridge,
+		"-s", c.IP + "/32",
+		"!", "-d", subnet,
+		"-m", "comment", "--comment", fmt.Sprintf("clicd-%s-v4-egress-block", tag),
+		"-j", "REJECT",
+	}
+	ensureFilterRule("FORWARD", args)
+}
+
+func ensureNATRule(chain string, args []string) {
+	check := append([]string{"-t", "nat", "-C", chain}, args...)
+	if exec.Command("iptables", check...).Run() == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	add := append([]string{"-t", "nat", "-I", chain, "1"}, args...)
+	exec.Command("iptables", add...).Run()
+}
+
+func ensureFilterRule(chain string, args []string) {
+	check := append([]string{"-C", chain}, args...)
+	if exec.Command("iptables", check...).Run() == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	add := append([]string{"-I", chain, "1"}, args...)
+	exec.Command("iptables", add...).Run()
+}
+
+func deleteBridgeMasquerade(subnet string) {
+	for exec.Command("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-D", "POSTROUTING", "-s", subnet, "-o", "eth+", "-j", "MASQUERADE").Run() == nil {
+	}
+}
+
+func applyPublicIPv4SNAT(c *config.Container, tag string) {
+	if c == nil || strings.TrimSpace(c.IP) == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	assignment, ok := primaryPublicIPv4Assignment(c)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	hostIP := strings.TrimSpace(assignment.Address)
+	if hostIP == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	iface := strings.TrimSpace(assignment.Interface)
+	if iface == "" {
+		if info, ok := publicIPv4InfoByAddress(hostIP); ok {
+			iface = strings.TrimSpace(info.Interface)
+		}
+	}
+	if iface == "" {
+		if host := DetectPublicIPv4(); host.Interface != "" {
+			iface = host.Interface
+		}
+	}
+	args := []string{
+		"-t", "nat",
+		"-I", "POSTROUTING", "1",
+		"-s", c.IP + "/32",
+	}
+	if iface != "" {
+		args = append(args, "-o", iface)
+	}
+	args = append(args,
+		"-m", "comment", "--comment", fmt.Sprintf("clicd-%s-snat-%s", tag, natRuleIPTag(hostIP)),
+		"-j", "SNAT", "--to-source", hostIP,
+	)
+	if output, err := exec.Command("iptables", args...).CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("Warning: failed to apply public IPv4 SNAT %s -> %s: %v, output: %s\n", c.IP, hostIP, err, string(output))
+	}
+}
+
+func primaryPublicIPv4Assignment(c *config.Container) (config.PublicIPv4Assignment, bool) {
+	if c == nil {
+		return config.PublicIPv4Assignment{}, false
+	}
+	for _, item := range c.PublicIPv4s {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(item.Address) != "" {
+			return item, true
+		}
+	}
+	return config.PublicIPv4Assignment{}, false
+}
+
 func clicdTag(id int) string { return "c" + strconv.Itoa(id) }
 
-// EnsureForwardRules makes sure iptables FORWARD chain allows LXC bridge traffic
-func EnsureForwardRules() {
+func EnsureAllRunningPortMappings() {
+	m := NewManager()
+	for i := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
+		c := &config.AppConfig.Containers[i]
+		if c.Status != "running" || strings.TrimSpace(c.IP) == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := m.ApplyPortMappings(c.ID); err != nil {
+			fmt.Printf("Warning: failed to restore port mappings for %s: %v\n", c.Name, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// EnsureForwardRules makes sure iptables FORWARD chain allows bridge traffic.
+func EnsureForwardRules(bridge string) {
+	if bridge == "" {
+		bridge = "lxcbr0"
+	}
 	rules := [][]string{
-		{"-A", "FORWARD", "-i", "lxcbr0", "-j", "ACCEPT"},
-		{"-A", "FORWARD", "-o", "lxcbr0", "-j", "ACCEPT"},
-		{"-A", "FORWARD", "-i", "lxcbr0", "-o", "lxcbr0", "-j", "ACCEPT"},
+		{"-i", bridge, "-j", "ACCEPT"},
+		{"-o", bridge, "-j", "ACCEPT"},
+		{"-i", bridge, "-o", bridge, "-j", "ACCEPT"},
 	}
 	for _, args := range rules {
-		checkArgs := append([]string{"-C", "FORWARD"}, args[2:]...)
-		if exec.Command("iptables", checkArgs...).Run() != nil {
-			exec.Command("iptables", args...).Run()
+		for {
+			deleteArgs := append([]string{"-D", "FORWARD"}, args...)
+			if exec.Command("iptables", deleteArgs...).Run() != nil {
+				break
+			}
 		}
+		appendArgs := append([]string{"-A", "FORWARD"}, args...)
+		exec.Command("iptables", appendArgs...).Run()
 	}
 }
 
 // CleanPortMappings removes all iptables rules for a container
 func (m *Manager) CleanPortMappings(id int) error {
 	tag := clicdTag(id)
+	for _, chain := range []string{"PREROUTING", "POSTROUTING"} {
+		cmd := exec.Command("sh", "-c",
+			fmt.Sprintf("iptables -t nat -L %s -n --line-numbers 2>/dev/null | grep 'clicd-%s-' | awk '{print $1}' | sort -rn | while read num; do iptables -t nat -D %s $num; done", chain, tag, chain))
+		cmd.Run()
+	}
 	cmd := exec.Command("sh", "-c",
-		fmt.Sprintf("iptables -t nat -L PREROUTING -n --line-numbers 2>/dev/null | grep 'clicd-%s' | awk '{print $1}' | sort -rn | while read num; do iptables -t nat -D PREROUTING $num; done", tag))
+		fmt.Sprintf("iptables -S FORWARD 2>/dev/null | grep 'clicd-%s-' | sed 's/^-A /-D /' | while read rule; do iptables $rule; done", tag))
 	cmd.Run()
 	return nil
 }
@@ -81,12 +290,26 @@ func SetupDefaultPortMappings(sshPort int) []config.PortMapping {
 	}
 }
 
+func DefaultPortMappingHostIP(assignments []config.PublicIPv4Assignment) string {
+	if len(assignments) == 1 {
+		return strings.TrimSpace(assignments[0].Address)
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func defaultPortMappingHostIP(assignments []config.PublicIPv4Assignment) string {
+	return DefaultPortMappingHostIP(assignments)
+}
+
 // AddPortMapping adds a NAT rule to a container
 func (m *Manager) AddPortMapping(id int, pm config.PortMapping) ([]config.PortMapping, error) {
 	c := config.FindContainer(id)
 	if c == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("container not found: %d", id)
 	}
+	if c.PortMappingLimit <= 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("container has no IPv4 NAT port quota")
+	}
 	if c.PortMappingLimit > 0 && len(c.PortMappings) >= c.PortMappingLimit {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("port mapping quota exceeded: %d/%d", len(c.PortMappings), c.PortMappingLimit)
 	}
@@ -155,18 +378,46 @@ func normalizePortMapping(c *config.Container, skipIndex int, pm config.PortMapp
 	if pm.Protocol == "" {
 		pm.Protocol = "tcp"
 	}
+	pm.Protocol = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(pm.Protocol))
+	pm.HostIP = strings.TrimSpace(pm.HostIP)
+	if pm.HostIP != "" {
+		addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(pm.HostIP)
+		if err != nil || !addr.Is4() {
+			return pm, fmt.Errorf("host_ip must be a valid IPv4 address")
+		}
+		if !containerHasPublicIPv4(c, pm.HostIP) {
+			return pm, fmt.Errorf("host_ip %s is not assigned to this container", pm.HostIP)
+		}
+	}
 	if pm.Description == "" {
 		pm.Description = fmt.Sprintf("Port-%d", pm.ContainerPort)
 	}
 	if pm.HostPort <= 0 {
 		pm.HostPort = pm.ContainerPort
 	}
+	if pm.HostIP == "" && !config.NATPortInRange(pm.HostPort) {
+		start, end := config.NATPortRange()
+		return pm, fmt.Errorf("host port must be within configured NAT4 range %d-%d", start, end)
+	}
+	// Check current container's own mappings
 	for i, existing := range c.PortMappings {
 		if i == skipIndex {
 			continue
 		}
-		if existing.HostPort == pm.HostPort && existing.Protocol == pm.Protocol {
-			return pm, fmt.Errorf("host port %d/%s already mapped", pm.HostPort, pm.Protocol)
+		if portMappingsConflict(c, pm, c, existing) {
+			return pm, fmt.Errorf("host port %d/%s already mapped on the same IPv4 in this container", pm.HostPort, pm.Protocol)
+		}
+	}
+	// Check all other containers (LXC + KVM) for port conflicts
+	for _, oc := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
+		if oc.ID == c.ID {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, existing := range oc.PortMappings {
+			oc := oc
+			if portMappingsConflict(c, pm, &oc, existing) {
+				return pm, fmt.Errorf("host port %d/%s already used on the same IPv4 by container %s (ID: %d)", pm.HostPort, pm.Protocol, oc.Name, oc.ID)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	return pm, nil
@@ -177,20 +428,518 @@ func allocateDefaultEqualPorts(c *config.Container, count int) []int {
 		return nil
 	}
 	used := map[int]bool{}
+	// Mark current container's ports
 	for _, pm := range c.PortMappings {
-		used[pm.HostPort] = true
+		for _, hostIP := range expandPortMappingHostIPs(c, pm) {
+			used[hostPortKey(hostIP, pm.HostPort)] = true
+		}
 		used[pm.ContainerPort] = true
 	}
-	ports := make([]int, 0, count)
-	next := 20000
-	for len(ports) < count {
-		if !used[next] {
-			ports = append(ports, next)
+	// Also mark all other containers' host ports (LXC + KVM)
+	for _, oc := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
+		if oc.ID == c.ID {
+			continue
 		}
-		next++
-		if next > 65535 || len(ports) >= count {
-			break
+		for _, pm := range oc.PortMappings {
+			oc := oc
+			for _, hostIP := range expandPortMappingHostIPs(&oc, pm) {
+				used[hostPortKey(hostIP, pm.HostPort)] = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	ports := make([]int, 0, count)
+	start, end := config.NATPortRange()
+	for next := start; next <= end && len(ports) < count; next++ {
+		hostIP := c.PrimaryPublicIPv4()
+		if !used[hostPortKey(hostIP, next)] && !used[next] {
+			ports = append(ports, next)
 		}
 	}
 	return ports
 }
+
+func HostPortAvailable(c *config.Container, hostIP string, hostPort int, protocol string) bool {
+	if c == nil || hostPort <= 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	pm := config.PortMapping{HostIP: strings.TrimSpace(hostIP), HostPort: hostPort, Protocol: protocol}
+	for _, existing := range c.PortMappings {
+		if portMappingsConflict(c, pm, c, existing) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	for _, oc := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
+		if oc.ID == c.ID {
+			continue
+		}
+		oc := oc
+		for _, existing := range oc.PortMappings {
+			if portMappingsConflict(c, pm, &oc, existing) {
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func expandPortMappingHostIPs(c *config.Container, pm config.PortMapping) []string {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(pm.HostIP) != "" {
+		return []string{strings.TrimSpace(pm.HostIP)}
+	}
+	if c != nil && len(c.PublicIPv4s) > 0 {
+		values := make([]string, 0, len(c.PublicIPv4s))
+		for _, item := range c.PublicIPv4s {
+			if strings.TrimSpace(item.Address) != "" {
+				values = append(values, strings.TrimSpace(item.Address))
+			}
+		}
+		if len(values) > 0 {
+			return values
+		}
+	}
+	return []string{""}
+}
+
+func containerHasPublicIPv4(c *config.Container, hostIP string) bool {
+	if c == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, item := range c.PublicIPv4s {
+		if item.Address == hostIP {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func portMappingsConflict(aContainer *config.Container, a config.PortMapping, bContainer *config.Container, b config.PortMapping) bool {
+	if a.HostPort != b.HostPort || !protocolsOverlap(a.Protocol, b.Protocol) {
+		return false
+	}
+	aIPs := expandPortMappingHostIPs(aContainer, a)
+	bIPs := expandPortMappingHostIPs(bContainer, b)
+	for _, aIP := range aIPs {
+		for _, bIP := range bIPs {
+			if aIP == "" || bIP == "" || aIP == bIP {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func protocolsOverlap(a, b string) bool {
+	a = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(a))
+	b = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(b))
+	if a == "" {
+		a = "tcp"
+	}
+	if b == "" {
+		b = "tcp"
+	}
+	if a == b || a == "all" || b == "all" {
+		return true
+	}
+	return (a == "tcp+udp" && (b == "tcp" || b == "udp")) ||
+		(b == "tcp+udp" && (a == "tcp" || a == "udp"))
+}
+
+func natRuleIPTag(ip string) string {
+	ip = strings.TrimSpace(ip)
+	if ip == "" {
+		return "any"
+	}
+	return strings.ReplaceAll(ip, ".", "_")
+}
+
+func displayHostIP(ip string) string {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(ip) == "" {
+		return "host"
+	}
+	return ip
+}
+
+func hostPortKey(hostIP string, port int) int {
+	if hostIP == "" {
+		return port
+	}
+	sum := 0
+	for _, r := range hostIP {
+		sum = sum*31 + int(r)
+	}
+	if sum < 0 {
+		sum = -sum
+	}
+	return port + (sum % 1000000 * 100000)
+}
+
+// CleanFirewallRules removes all firewall rules for a container from the FORWARD chain.
+func CleanFirewallRules(id int) {
+	tag := clicdTag(id)
+	// Remove all rules with the firewall tag prefix
+	cmd := exec.Command("bash", "-c",
+		fmt.Sprintf("iptables -S FORWARD 2>/dev/null | grep 'clicd-%s-fw-' | sed 's/^-A /-D /' | while read rule; do iptables $rule; done", tag))
+	cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	cmd = exec.Command("bash", "-c",
+		fmt.Sprintf("ip6tables -S FORWARD 2>/dev/null | grep 'clicd-%s-fw-' | sed 's/^-A /-D /' | while read rule; do ip6tables $rule; done", tag))
+	cmd.CombinedOutput()
+
+	// Also remove legacy default policy rules (without specific rule ID)
+	for _, suffix := range []string{"default-in", "default-out"} {
+		for _, proto := range []string{"tcp", "udp"} {
+			exec.Command("iptables", "-D", "FORWARD",
+				"-m", "comment", "--comment", fmt.Sprintf("clicd-%s-fw-%s-%s", tag, suffix, proto),
+			).CombinedOutput()
+		}
+		exec.Command("ip6tables", "-D", "FORWARD",
+			"-m", "comment", "--comment", fmt.Sprintf("clicd-%s-fw-%s", tag, suffix),
+		).CombinedOutput()
+	}
+}
+
+// ApplyFirewallRules applies iptables FORWARD rules for a container's firewall configuration.
+func ApplyFirewallRules(id int) error {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("container not found: %d", id)
+	}
+
+	// Always clean existing firewall rules first
+	CleanFirewallRules(id)
+
+	// If firewall is disabled or no rules, nothing to apply
+	if !c.FirewallEnabled {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	bridge := "lxcbr0"
+	if c.IsKVM() {
+		bridge = "virbr0"
+	}
+	containerIP := strings.TrimSpace(c.IP)
+	containerIPv6s := firewallIPv6Addresses(c)
+	if containerIP == "" && len(containerIPv6s) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	tag := clicdTag(id)
+
+	defaultAction := normalizeFirewallDefaultAction(c.FirewallDefaultAction)
+	if defaultAction == "DROP" {
+		if containerIP != "" {
+			if err := applyDefaultFirewallPolicy(tag, bridge, containerIP); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		if err := applyDefaultFirewallIPv6Policy(tag, bridge, containerIPv6s); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	for i := len(c.FirewallRules) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		rule := c.FirewallRules[i]
+		if !rule.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+		if containerIP != "" && firewallRuleAppliesToFamily(rule, true) {
+			if err := applyOneFirewallRule(tag, bridge, containerIP, rule); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to apply firewall rule %s for container %d: %w", rule.ID, id, err)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(containerIPv6s) > 0 && firewallRuleAppliesToFamily(rule, false) {
+			if err := applyOneFirewallIPv6Rule(tag, bridge, containerIPv6s, rule); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to apply IPv6 firewall rule %s for container %d: %w", rule.ID, id, err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func normalizeFirewallDefaultAction(action string) string {
+	action = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(action))
+	if action == "ACCEPT" {
+		return "ACCEPT"
+	}
+	return "DROP"
+}
+
+func normalizeFirewallNetwork(network string) string {
+	network = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(network))
+	switch network {
+	case "", "ipv4", "nat4":
+		return "ipv4"
+	case "ipv6":
+		return "ipv6"
+	case "all", "both":
+		return "all"
+	default:
+		return "ipv4"
+	}
+}
+
+func firewallRuleAppliesToFamily(rule config.FirewallRule, ipv4 bool) bool {
+	network := normalizeFirewallNetwork(rule.Network)
+	if network == "ipv4" {
+		return ipv4
+	}
+	if network == "ipv6" {
+		return !ipv4
+	}
+	if rule.SourceIP == "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	addr := firewallIPSpecAddr(rule.SourceIP)
+	if !addr.IsValid() {
+		return true
+	}
+	if ipv4 {
+		return addr.Is4()
+	}
+	return addr.Is6() && !addr.Is4In6()
+}
+
+func firewallIPSpecAddr(value string) netip.Addr {
+	value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
+	if value == "" {
+		return netip.Addr{}
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(value, "/") {
+		prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return netip.Addr{}
+		}
+		return prefix.Addr()
+	}
+	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(value)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Addr{}
+	}
+	return addr
+}
+
+func firewallIPv6Addresses(c *config.Container) []string {
+	if c == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	c.NormalizeNetworkAssignments()
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	result := []string{}
+	for _, assignment := range c.IPv6Addresses {
+		ip := strings.TrimSpace(assignment.Address)
+		if ip == "" || seen[ip] {
+			continue
+		}
+		if addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(ip); err == nil && addr.Is6() && !addr.Is4In6() {
+			seen[ip] = true
+			result = append(result, ip)
+		}
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func applyOneFirewallRule(tag, bridge, containerIP string, rule config.FirewallRule) error {
+	commentTag := fmt.Sprintf("clicd-%s-fw-%s", tag, rule.ID)
+
+	// Build base iptables args
+	args := []string{"-I", "FORWARD", "1"}
+
+	// Direction: in = traffic arriving at container (-o bridge -d containerIP)
+	//            out = traffic leaving container (-i bridge -s containerIP)
+	switch rule.Direction {
+	case "in":
+		args = append(args, "-o", bridge, "-d", containerIP+"/32")
+	case "out":
+		args = append(args, "-i", bridge, "-s", containerIP+"/32")
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid direction: %s", rule.Direction)
+	}
+
+	// Protocol
+	switch rule.Protocol {
+	case "tcp", "udp":
+		args = append(args, "-p", rule.Protocol)
+	case "icmp":
+		args = append(args, "-p", "icmp")
+	case "all":
+		// no protocol filter
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid protocol: %s", rule.Protocol)
+	}
+
+	// Port matching (only for tcp/udp)
+	if rule.Port != "" && (rule.Protocol == "tcp" || rule.Protocol == "udp") {
+		// For "in" direction, traffic going TO the container uses --dport
+		// For "out" direction, traffic going FROM the container uses --dport (destination port on remote)
+		args = append(args, firewallPortArgs(rule.Port)...)
+	}
+
+	// Source IP filter (for "out" direction, this matches the remote source; for "in", it matches the sender)
+	if rule.SourceIP != "" {
+		switch rule.Direction {
+		case "in":
+			args = append(args, "-s", rule.SourceIP)
+		case "out":
+			args = append(args, "-d", rule.SourceIP)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Action
+	action := "DROP"
+	if rule.Action == "ACCEPT" {
+		action = "ACCEPT"
+	}
+	args = append(args, "-j", action)
+
+	// Comment tag for cleanup
+	args = append(args, "-m", "comment", "--comment", commentTag)
+
+	cmd := exec.Command("iptables", args...)
+	output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("iptables error: %s", string(output))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func applyOneFirewallIPv6Rule(tag, bridge string, containerIPs []string, rule config.FirewallRule) error {
+	for _, containerIP := range containerIPs {
+		commentTag := fmt.Sprintf("clicd-%s-fw-%s-v6-%s", tag, rule.ID, firewallCommentIPTag(containerIP))
+		args := []string{"-I", "FORWARD", "1"}
+
+		switch rule.Direction {
+		case "in":
+			args = append(args, "-o", bridge, "-d", containerIP+"/128")
+		case "out":
+			args = append(args, "-i", bridge, "-s", containerIP+"/128")
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid direction: %s", rule.Direction)
+		}
+
+		switch rule.Protocol {
+		case "tcp", "udp":
+			args = append(args, "-p", rule.Protocol)
+		case "icmp":
+			args = append(args, "-p", "ipv6-icmp")
+		case "all":
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid protocol: %s", rule.Protocol)
+		}
+
+		if rule.Port != "" && (rule.Protocol == "tcp" || rule.Protocol == "udp") {
+			args = append(args, firewallPortArgs(rule.Port)...)
+		}
+
+		if rule.SourceIP != "" {
+			switch rule.Direction {
+			case "in":
+				args = append(args, "-s", rule.SourceIP)
+			case "out":
+				args = append(args, "-d", rule.SourceIP)
+			}
+		}
+
+		action := "DROP"
+		if rule.Action == "ACCEPT" {
+			action = "ACCEPT"
+		}
+		args = append(args, "-j", action)
+		args = append(args, "-m", "comment", "--comment", commentTag)
+
+		cmd := exec.Command("ip6tables", args...)
+		output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("ip6tables error: %s", string(output))
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func firewallPortArgs(port string) []string {
+	spec := normalizePortSpec(port)
+	if strings.Contains(spec, ",") {
+		return []string{"-m", "multiport", "--dports", spec}
+	}
+	return []string{"--dport", spec}
+}
+
+// normalizePortSpec converts user port input to iptables-compatible port spec.
+// "80,443" -> "80,443", "8000-9000" -> "8000:9000", "80,443,8000-9000" -> "80,443,8000:9000"
+func normalizePortSpec(port string) string {
+	port = strings.TrimSpace(port)
+	if port == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(port, ",")
+	for i, part := range parts {
+		part = strings.TrimSpace(part)
+		if strings.Contains(part, "-") && !strings.Contains(part, ":") {
+			bounds := strings.SplitN(part, "-", 2)
+			if len(bounds) == 2 {
+				part = strings.TrimSpace(bounds[0]) + ":" + strings.TrimSpace(bounds[1])
+			}
+		}
+		parts[i] = part
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, ",")
+}
+
+func applyDefaultFirewallPolicy(tag, bridge, containerIP string) error {
+	defaults := [][]string{
+		{
+			"-I", "FORWARD", "1",
+			"-o", bridge,
+			"-d", containerIP + "/32",
+			"-j", "DROP",
+			"-m", "comment", "--comment", fmt.Sprintf("clicd-%s-fw-default-in", tag),
+		},
+		{
+			"-I", "FORWARD", "1",
+			"-i", bridge,
+			"-s", containerIP + "/32",
+			"-j", "DROP",
+			"-m", "comment", "--comment", fmt.Sprintf("clicd-%s-fw-default-out", tag),
+		},
+	}
+	for _, args := range defaults {
+		cmd := exec.Command("iptables", args...)
+		output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("iptables default firewall error: %s", string(output))
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func applyDefaultFirewallIPv6Policy(tag, bridge string, containerIPs []string) error {
+	for _, containerIP := range containerIPs {
+		defaults := [][]string{
+			{
+				"-I", "FORWARD", "1",
+				"-o", bridge,
+				"-d", containerIP + "/128",
+				"-j", "DROP",
+				"-m", "comment", "--comment", fmt.Sprintf("clicd-%s-fw-default-in-v6-%s", tag, firewallCommentIPTag(containerIP)),
+			},
+			{
+				"-I", "FORWARD", "1",
+				"-i", bridge,
+				"-s", containerIP + "/128",
+				"-j", "DROP",
+				"-m", "comment", "--comment", fmt.Sprintf("clicd-%s-fw-default-out-v6-%s", tag, firewallCommentIPTag(containerIP)),
+			},
+		}
+		for _, args := range defaults {
+			cmd := exec.Command("ip6tables", args...)
+			output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("ip6tables default firewall error: %s", string(output))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func firewallCommentIPTag(ip string) string {
+	replacer := strings.NewReplacer(":", "_", ".", "_", "/", "_")
+	return replacer.Replace(ip)
+}

backend/internal/lxc/snapshot.go

@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ func (m *Manager) runDueSnapshotSchedules() {
 	now := time.Now()
 	containers := append([]config.Container(nil), config.AppConfig.Containers...)
 	for _, c := range containers {
-		if !c.SnapshotScheduleEnabled {
+		if c.IsKVM() || !c.SnapshotScheduleEnabled {
 			continue
 		}
 		nextRun, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, c.SnapshotScheduleNextRun)

backend/internal/lxc/ssh_auth.go

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+package lxc
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode"
+
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+)
+
+const (
+	SSHAuthAutoPassword = "auto_password"
+	SSHAuthPassword     = "password"
+	SSHAuthKey          = "key"
+	SSHAuthKeep         = "keep"
+)
+
+type SSHAccess struct {
+	Mode      string
+	Password  string
+	PublicKey string
+}
+
+func HasSSHAuthOptions(cfg ContainerConfig) bool {
+	return strings.TrimSpace(cfg.SSHAuthMode) != "" ||
+		strings.TrimSpace(cfg.SSHPassword) != "" ||
+		strings.TrimSpace(cfg.SSHPublicKey) != ""
+}
+
+func ResolveCreateSSHAccess(cfg ContainerConfig) (SSHAccess, error) {
+	mode, err := resolveSSHAuthMode(cfg.SSHAuthMode, cfg.SSHPassword, cfg.SSHPublicKey, SSHAuthAutoPassword)
+	if err != nil {
+		return SSHAccess{}, err
+	}
+	if mode == SSHAuthKeep {
+		mode = SSHAuthAutoPassword
+	}
+
+	switch mode {
+	case SSHAuthAutoPassword:
+		return SSHAccess{Mode: mode, Password: generateRandomString(16)}, nil
+	case SSHAuthPassword:
+		password := strings.TrimSpace(cfg.SSHPassword)
+		if password == "" {
+			return SSHAccess{}, fmt.Errorf("请填写自定义 SSH 密码")
+		}
+		if err := ValidateCustomSSHPassword(password); err != nil {
+			return SSHAccess{}, err
+		}
+		return SSHAccess{Mode: mode, Password: password}, nil
+	case SSHAuthKey:
+		publicKey, err := NormalizeSSHPublicKey(cfg.SSHPublicKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return SSHAccess{}, err
+		}
+		if publicKey == "" {
+			return SSHAccess{}, fmt.Errorf("请填写 SSH 公钥")
+		}
+		password := strings.TrimSpace(cfg.SSHPassword)
+		if password == "" {
+			password = generateRandomString(16)
+		} else if err := ValidateCustomSSHPassword(password); err != nil {
+			return SSHAccess{}, err
+		}
+		return SSHAccess{Mode: mode, Password: password, PublicKey: publicKey}, nil
+	default:
+		return SSHAccess{}, fmt.Errorf("不支持的 SSH 登录方式: %s", mode)
+	}
+}
+
+func ResolveReinstallSSHAccess(currentPassword string, cfg ContainerConfig) (SSHAccess, error) {
+	mode, err := resolveSSHAuthMode(cfg.SSHAuthMode, cfg.SSHPassword, cfg.SSHPublicKey, SSHAuthKeep)
+	if err != nil {
+		return SSHAccess{}, err
+	}
+
+	switch mode {
+	case SSHAuthKeep:
+		password := strings.TrimSpace(currentPassword)
+		if password == "" {
+			password = generateRandomString(16)
+		}
+		if err := validateRootPassword(password); err != nil {
+			return SSHAccess{}, err
+		}
+		return SSHAccess{Mode: mode, Password: password}, nil
+	case SSHAuthAutoPassword:
+		return SSHAccess{Mode: mode, Password: generateRandomString(16)}, nil
+	case SSHAuthPassword:
+		password := strings.TrimSpace(cfg.SSHPassword)
+		if password == "" {
+			return SSHAccess{}, fmt.Errorf("请填写自定义 SSH 密码")
+		}
+		if err := ValidateCustomSSHPassword(password); err != nil {
+			return SSHAccess{}, err
+		}
+		return SSHAccess{Mode: mode, Password: password}, nil
+	case SSHAuthKey:
+		publicKey, err := NormalizeSSHPublicKey(cfg.SSHPublicKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return SSHAccess{}, err
+		}
+		if publicKey == "" {
+			return SSHAccess{}, fmt.Errorf("请填写 SSH 公钥")
+		}
+		password := strings.TrimSpace(cfg.SSHPassword)
+		if password != "" {
+			if err := ValidateCustomSSHPassword(password); err != nil {
+				return SSHAccess{}, err
+			}
+		} else {
+			password = strings.TrimSpace(currentPassword)
+			if password == "" {
+				password = generateRandomString(16)
+			}
+		}
+		if err := validateRootPassword(password); err != nil {
+			return SSHAccess{}, err
+		}
+		return SSHAccess{Mode: mode, Password: password, PublicKey: publicKey}, nil
+	default:
+		return SSHAccess{}, fmt.Errorf("不支持的 SSH 登录方式: %s", mode)
+	}
+}
+
+func ValidateCustomSSHPassword(password string) error {
+	if len(password) < 8 || len(password) > 64 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("密码长度必须为 8-64 位")
+	}
+	hasLetter := false
+	hasDigit := false
+	for _, r := range password {
+		if unicode.IsSpace(r) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("密码不能包含空白字符")
+		}
+		if unicode.IsLetter(r) {
+			hasLetter = true
+		}
+		if unicode.IsDigit(r) {
+			hasDigit = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !hasLetter || !hasDigit {
+		return fmt.Errorf("密码至少需要包含字母和数字")
+	}
+	return validateRootPassword(password)
+}
+
+func NormalizeSSHPublicKey(publicKey string) (string, error) {
+	key := strings.TrimSpace(publicKey)
+	if key == "" {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	if len(key) > 8192 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("SSH 公钥长度不能超过 8192 字符")
+	}
+	if strings.ContainsAny(key, "\r\n") || strings.ContainsRune(key, '\x00') {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("SSH 公钥只能填写一行")
+	}
+
+	fields := strings.Fields(key)
+	if len(fields) < 2 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("SSH 公钥格式不正确")
+	}
+	if !isSupportedSSHKeyType(fields[0]) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("不支持的 SSH 公钥类型: %s", fields[0])
+	}
+	parsed, _, _, rest, err := ssh.ParseAuthorizedKey([]byte(key))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("SSH 公钥格式不正确")
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(string(rest)) != "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("一次只能填写一个 SSH 公钥")
+	}
+	if !isSupportedSSHKeyType(parsed.Type()) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("不支持的 SSH 公钥类型: %s", parsed.Type())
+	}
+	return key, nil
+}
+
+func resolveSSHAuthMode(rawMode, password, publicKey, defaultMode string) (string, error) {
+	mode := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(rawMode))
+	mode = strings.ReplaceAll(mode, "-", "_")
+	if mode == "" {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(publicKey) != "" {
+			return SSHAuthKey, nil
+		}
+		if strings.TrimSpace(password) != "" {
+			return SSHAuthPassword, nil
+		}
+		return defaultMode, nil
+	}
+
+	switch mode {
+	case "auto", "auto_password", "generated", "generate":
+		return SSHAuthAutoPassword, nil
+	case "password", "custom_password":
+		return SSHAuthPassword, nil
+	case "key", "ssh_key", "public_key":
+		return SSHAuthKey, nil
+	case "keep", "retain", "keep_password":
+		return SSHAuthKeep, nil
+	default:
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("不支持的 SSH 登录方式: %s", rawMode)
+	}
+}
+
+func isSupportedSSHKeyType(keyType string) bool {
+	switch keyType {
+	case "ssh-ed25519",
+		"ssh-rsa",
+		"ecdsa-sha2-nistp256",
+		"ecdsa-sha2-nistp384",
+		"ecdsa-sha2-nistp521",
+		"sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com",
+		"sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}

backend/internal/lxc/templates.go

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package lxc
 
+import "runtime"
+
 // Template represents an LXC image template
 type Template struct {
 	ID          string `json:"id"`
@@ -13,55 +15,65 @@ type Template struct {
 
 // GetTemplates returns available LXC image templates (only verified working ones)
 func GetTemplates() []Template {
+	arch := defaultTemplateArch()
 	return []Template{
 		{
 			ID: "ubuntu-noble", Name: "Ubuntu 24.04",
-			Distro: "ubuntu", Release: "noble", Arch: "amd64",
+			Distro: "ubuntu", Release: "noble", Arch: arch,
 			Description: "Ubuntu 24.04 LTS",
 		},
 		{
 			ID: "ubuntu-jammy", Name: "Ubuntu 22.04",
-			Distro: "ubuntu", Release: "jammy", Arch: "amd64",
+			Distro: "ubuntu", Release: "jammy", Arch: arch,
 			Description: "Ubuntu 22.04 LTS",
 		},
 		{
 			ID: "debian-bookworm", Name: "Debian 12",
-			Distro: "debian", Release: "bookworm", Arch: "amd64",
+			Distro: "debian", Release: "bookworm", Arch: arch,
 			Description: "Debian 12 (Bookworm)",
 		},
 		{
 			ID: "debian-bullseye", Name: "Debian 11",
-			Distro: "debian", Release: "bullseye", Arch: "amd64",
+			Distro: "debian", Release: "bullseye", Arch: arch,
 			Description: "Debian 11 (Bullseye)",
 		},
 		{
 			ID: "alpine-3.21", Name: "Alpine 3.21",
-			Distro: "alpine", Release: "3.21", Arch: "amd64",
+			Distro: "alpine", Release: "3.21", Arch: arch,
 			Description: "Alpine Linux 3.21",
 		},
 		{
 			ID: "centos-9-stream", Name: "CentOS 9 Stream",
-			Distro: "centos", Release: "9-Stream", Arch: "amd64",
+			Distro: "centos", Release: "9-Stream", Arch: arch,
 			Description: "CentOS 9 Stream",
 		},
 		{
 			ID: "archlinux-current", Name: "Arch Linux",
-			Distro: "archlinux", Release: "current", Arch: "amd64", Variant: "cloud",
+			Distro: "archlinux", Release: "current", Arch: arch,
 			Description: "Arch Linux (Rolling)",
 		},
 		{
 			ID: "fedora-44", Name: "Fedora 44",
-			Distro: "fedora", Release: "44", Arch: "amd64", Variant: "cloud",
+			Distro: "fedora", Release: "44", Arch: arch,
 			Description: "Fedora 44",
 		},
 		{
 			ID: "rockylinux-10", Name: "Rocky Linux 10",
-			Distro: "rockylinux", Release: "10", Arch: "amd64", Variant: "cloud",
+			Distro: "rockylinux", Release: "10", Arch: arch,
 			Description: "Rocky Linux 10",
 		},
 	}
 }
 
+func defaultTemplateArch() string {
+	switch runtime.GOARCH {
+	case "arm64":
+		return "arm64"
+	default:
+		return "amd64"
+	}
+}
+
 // FindTemplate finds a template by ID
 func FindTemplate(id string) *Template {
 	templates := GetTemplates()

backend/internal/server/server.go

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 package server
 
 import (
+	"crypto/tls"
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
-	"net"
 	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
 	"strings"
 
 	"clicd/internal/api"
@@ -18,16 +17,16 @@ var webFS http.FileSystem
 // corsMiddleware adds CORS headers
 func corsMiddleware(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		if origin := r.Header.Get("Origin"); origin != "" && isAllowedOrigin(origin, r.Host) {
+		if origin := r.Header.Get("Origin"); origin != "" && config.IsOriginAllowed(origin, r.Host) {
 			w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", origin)
 			w.Header().Set("Vary", "Origin")
 			w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true")
 		}
-		w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS")
+		w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, OPTIONS")
 		w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, Authorization, X-API-Key")
 
 		if r.Method == http.MethodOptions {
-			if origin := r.Header.Get("Origin"); origin != "" && !isAllowedOrigin(origin, r.Host) {
+			if origin := r.Header.Get("Origin"); origin != "" && !config.IsOriginAllowed(origin, r.Host) {
 				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
 				return
 			}
@@ -39,58 +38,34 @@ func corsMiddleware(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
 	}
 }
 
-func isAllowedOrigin(origin string, requestHost string) bool {
-	u, err := url.Parse(origin)
-	if err != nil || u.Host == "" {
-		return false
-	}
-	originHost := normalizeHost(u.Host)
-	host := normalizeHost(requestHost)
-	if originHost == host {
-		return true
-	}
-	return isLoopbackHost(originHost) && isLoopbackHost(host)
-}
-
-func normalizeHost(host string) string {
-	if h, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(host); err == nil {
-		return strings.ToLower(h)
-	}
-	return strings.ToLower(host)
-}
-
-func isLoopbackHost(host string) bool {
-	if host == "localhost" {
-		return true
-	}
-	ip := net.ParseIP(host)
-	return ip != nil && ip.IsLoopback()
-}
-
 // setupRoutes configures API and static routes
 func setupRoutes(mux *http.ServeMux) {
 	// API routes
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/login", corsMiddleware(api.HandleLogin))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/language", corsMiddleware(api.HandleLanguage))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/check-auth", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleCheckAuth)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/change-password", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleAdminPasswordChange)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/change-username", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleAdminUsernameChange)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/login-logs", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleLoginLogs)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/ssl", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleSSLSettings)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/webssh-origins", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleWebSSHOriginSettings)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/containers", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.SubUserMiddleware(api.HandleContainers))))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/containers/list", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.SubUserMiddleware(api.HandleContainerListAlias))))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/containers/", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.SubUserMiddleware(api.HandleSingleContainer))))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/templates", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleTemplates)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/images", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleImages)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/images/download", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleImageDownload)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/images/cancel", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleImageCancel)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/images/delete", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleImageDelete)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/images/toggle", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleImageToggle)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/images/enabled", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.SubUserMiddleware(api.HandleEnabledImages))))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/dashboard", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleDashboard)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/host-info", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleHostInfo)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/host-report", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleHostReport)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/snapshots", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleSnapshots)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/routing/ipv4-scan", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleRoutingIPv4Scan)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/routing", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleRouting)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/ipv6/status", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleIPv6Status)))
-	mux.HandleFunc("/api/oversell", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleOversell)))
-	mux.HandleFunc("/api/oversell/status", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleOversellStatus)))
-	mux.HandleFunc("/api/oversell/reclaim", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleOversellReclaim)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/tasks", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.SubUserMiddleware(api.HandleTasks))))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/tasks/", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleTaskDelete))))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/batch-create", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleBatchCreate)))
@@ -105,13 +80,63 @@ func setupRoutes(mux *http.ServeMux) {
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/security/check", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleSecurityCheck)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/security/logs", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleSecurityLogs)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/security/summary", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleContainerSecuritySummary)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/security/settings", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleSecuritySettings)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/ssh-ticket", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleWebSSHTicket)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/ssh", api.HandleWebSSH) // WebSocket
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/vnc-ticket", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleVNCTicket)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/vnc", api.HandleVNCProxy) // WebSocket
 
 	// API Key management
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/api-keys", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleApiKeys)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/api-keys/", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleApiKeyDelete)))
 
+	// Versioned external API routes
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/dashboard", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleDashboard)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/language", corsMiddleware(api.HandleLanguage))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/containers", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.SubUserMiddleware(api.HandleContainers))))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/containers/list", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.SubUserMiddleware(api.HandleContainerListAlias))))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/containers/", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.SubUserMiddleware(api.HandleSingleContainer))))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/templates", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleTemplates)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/images", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleImages)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/images/download", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleImageDownload)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/images/cancel", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleImageCancel)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/images/delete", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleImageDelete)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/images/toggle", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleImageToggle)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/images/enabled", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.SubUserMiddleware(api.HandleEnabledImages))))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/host-info", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleHostInfo)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/host-report", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleHostReport)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/snapshots", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.ScopeMiddleware("snapshot:read", api.HandleSnapshots))))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/routing/ipv4-scan", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleRoutingIPv4Scan)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/routing", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleRouting)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/ipv6/status", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleIPv6Status)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/tasks", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.SubUserMiddleware(api.HandleTasks))))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/tasks/", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleTaskDelete)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/batch-create", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleBatchCreate)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/batch-action", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleBatchAction)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/sub-user/create", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleSubUserCreate)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/sub-users", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleSubUserList)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/sub-users/", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleSubUserAction)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/audit-logs", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleAuditLogs)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/login-logs", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleLoginLogs)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/ssl", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleSSLSettings)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/webssh-origins", corsMiddleware(api.AdminMiddleware(api.HandleWebSSHOriginSettings)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/security/alerts", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.ScopeMiddleware("security:read", api.HandleSecurityAlerts))))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/security/check", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.ScopeMiddleware("security:check", api.HandleSecurityCheck))))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/security/logs", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.ScopeMiddleware("security:read", api.HandleSecurityLogs))))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/security/summary", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.ScopeMiddleware("security:read", api.HandleContainerSecuritySummary))))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/security/settings", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleSecuritySettings)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/ssh-ticket", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleWebSSHTicket)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/vnc-ticket", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleVNCTicket)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/api-keys", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleApiKeys)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/api-keys/", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(api.HandleApiKeyDelete)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/v1/swap", corsMiddleware(api.AuthMiddleware(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.Method == http.MethodGet {
+			api.HandleSwapInfo(w, r)
+			return
+		}
+		api.HandleSwapManage(w, r)
+	})))
+
 	// Version (public)
 	mux.HandleFunc("/api/version", corsMiddleware(api.HandleVersion))
 
@@ -162,6 +187,63 @@ func Run() error {
 		Handler: mux,
 	}
 
+	if sslEnabled() {
+		certPath, keyPath, err := config.ResolveSSLConfigPaths(config.AppConfig.SSL)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		server.TLSConfig = &tls.Config{
+			MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12,
+			GetCertificate: func(*tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error) {
+				safeCertPath, err := config.ResolveSSLPath(certPath)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				safeKeyPath, err := config.ResolveSSLPath(keyPath)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(safeCertPath, safeKeyPath)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				return &cert, nil
+			},
+		}
+		log.Printf("CLICD Web Server SSL enabled on https://0.0.0.0:%d", config.AppConfig.Port)
+		return server.ListenAndServeTLS("", "")
+	}
+
 	return server.ListenAndServe()
 }
 
+func sslEnabled() bool {
+	ssl := config.AppConfig.SSL
+	if !ssl.Enabled {
+		return false
+	}
+	certPath, keyPath, err := config.ResolveSSLConfigPaths(ssl)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("SSL paths are invalid, falling back to HTTP: %v", err)
+		return false
+	}
+	safeCertPath, err := config.ResolveSSLPath(certPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("SSL certificate path is not allowed, falling back to HTTP: %v", err)
+		return false
+	}
+	safeKeyPath, err := config.ResolveSSLPath(keyPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("SSL private key path is not allowed, falling back to HTTP: %v", err)
+		return false
+	}
+	if _, err := config.ReadableFileStat(safeCertPath); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("SSL certificate is not readable, falling back to HTTP: %v", err)
+		return false
+	}
+	if _, err := config.ReadableFileStat(safeKeyPath); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("SSL private key is not readable, falling back to HTTP: %v", err)
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}

backend/internal/version/version.go

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package version
 
 var (
-	Version = "1.0.10"
+	Version = "1.1.23"
 	Repo    = "MengMengCode/CLICD"
 )
 
@@ -11,8 +11,3 @@ func Current() string {
 	}
 	return Version
 }
-
-
-
-
-

backend/main.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"clicd/internal/api"
 	"clicd/internal/cli"
 	"clicd/internal/config"
+	"clicd/internal/kvm"
 	"clicd/internal/lxc"
 	"clicd/internal/server"
 
@@ -49,22 +50,32 @@ func main() {
 
 		// Start security scanner
 		api.InitScanner()
+		api.StartSSLRenewalMonitor()
 
-		// Ensure iptables FORWARD rules allow LXC traffic
-		lxc.EnsureForwardRules()
+		// Ensure iptables FORWARD rules allow managed bridge traffic.
+		lxc.EnsureForwardRules("lxcbr0")
+		lxc.EnsureForwardRules("virbr0")
+		lxc.EnsureAllAssignedPublicIPv4s()
 
-		// Start expiry scanner (stops expired containers every 30s)
+		// Start expiry scanners (stops expired/over-traffic workloads every 30s)
 		manager := lxc.NewManager()
+		kvmManager := kvm.NewManager()
 		manager.StartExpiryScanner()
+		kvmManager.StartExpiryScanner()
 
-		// Start usage monitor (computes CPU/network/disk rates every 5s)
+		// Start usage monitors (computes CPU/network/disk rates every 5s)
 		manager.StartUsageMonitor()
+		kvmManager.StartUsageMonitor()
+		kvmManager.StartNetworkSyncMonitor()
+		kvmManager.StartIPv6Guard()
 
-		// Start scheduled snapshot scanner.
+		// Start scheduled snapshot scanners.
 		manager.StartSnapshotScheduler()
+		kvmManager.StartSnapshotScheduler()
 
 		// Clean up stale container configs (LXC dir was deleted but config remains)
 		config.CleanStaleContainers()
+		lxc.EnsureAllRunningPortMappings()
 
 		// Pre-warm SSH for containers already running after host boot or service restart.
 		manager.StartSSHWarmupScanner()
@@ -98,8 +109,33 @@ func isWebPanelSystemdRunning() bool {
 func startWebPanelSystemd() {
 	cmd := exec.Command("systemctl", "start", "clicd")
 	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
-		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "警告: 自动启动 Web 面板失败: %v\n", err)
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: %v\n", mainT("警告: 自动启动 Web 面板失败"), err)
 	} else {
-		fmt.Println("Web 面板已自动启动")
+		fmt.Println(mainT("Web 面板已自动启动"))
 	}
 }
+
+func mainT(text string) string {
+	if !mainEnglish() {
+		return text
+	}
+	switch text {
+	case "警告: 自动启动 Web 面板失败":
+		return "Warning: failed to auto-start web panel"
+	case "Web 面板已自动启动":
+		return "Web panel auto-started"
+	default:
+		return text
+	}
+}
+
+func mainEnglish() bool {
+	lang := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("CLICD_LANG")))
+	if lang == "en" || strings.HasPrefix(lang, "en_") || strings.HasPrefix(lang, "en-") {
+		return true
+	}
+	if lang == "zh" || strings.HasPrefix(lang, "zh_") || strings.HasPrefix(lang, "zh-") {
+		return false
+	}
+	return config.AppConfig != nil && config.NormalizeLanguage(config.AppConfig.Language) == "en"
+}

build.sh

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ set -e
 
 SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
 BUILD_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/build"
+DIST_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/dist"
 FRONTEND_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/frontend"
 BACKEND_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/backend"
 WEB_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/web"
@@ -17,9 +18,11 @@ echo "====================================="
 
 # Clean previous build
 rm -rf "$BUILD_DIR"
+rm -rf "$DIST_DIR"
 rm -rf "$WEB_DIR"
 rm -rf "$EMBED_WEB_DIR"
 mkdir -p "$BUILD_DIR"
+mkdir -p "$DIST_DIR"
 mkdir -p "$WEB_DIR"
 mkdir -p "$EMBED_WEB_DIR"
 touch "$EMBED_WEB_DIR/.gitkeep"
@@ -51,9 +54,26 @@ cd "$BACKEND_DIR"
 go mod tidy
 go mod download
 
-# Build for Linux amd64
 BUILD_VERSION="${CLICD_VERSION:-dev}"
-GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -ldflags="-s -w -X clicd/internal/version.Version=${BUILD_VERSION}" -o "$BUILD_DIR/clicd" .
+TARGET_GOOS="${CLICD_GOOS:-linux}"
+TARGET_GOARCH="${CLICD_GOARCH:-amd64}"
+
+case "$TARGET_GOARCH" in
+    all) TARGET_GOARCH_LIST="amd64 arm64" ;;
+    amd64|arm64) TARGET_GOARCH_LIST="$TARGET_GOARCH" ;;
+    *)
+        echo "Unsupported CLICD_GOARCH: $TARGET_GOARCH (expected amd64, arm64, or all)" >&2
+        exit 2
+        ;;
+esac
+
+for arch in $TARGET_GOARCH_LIST; do
+    echo "Target: ${TARGET_GOOS}/${arch}"
+    GOOS="$TARGET_GOOS" GOARCH="$arch" CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -ldflags="-s -w -X clicd/internal/version.Version=${BUILD_VERSION}" -o "$BUILD_DIR/clicd-linux-${arch}" .
+done
+
+first_arch="${TARGET_GOARCH_LIST%% *}"
+cp "$BUILD_DIR/clicd-linux-${first_arch}" "$BUILD_DIR/clicd"
 
 echo "Go backend built successfully"
 
@@ -62,7 +82,20 @@ echo ""
 echo "[3/3] Packaging..."
 cp -r "$WEB_DIR" "$BUILD_DIR/web"
 cp "$SCRIPT_DIR/install.sh" "$BUILD_DIR/install.sh" 2>/dev/null || true
-chmod +x "$BUILD_DIR/clicd"
+chmod +x "$BUILD_DIR"/clicd*
+
+for arch in $TARGET_GOARCH_LIST; do
+    asset_dir="clicd-linux-${arch}"
+    package_root="$BUILD_DIR/package-${arch}"
+    rm -rf "$package_root"
+    mkdir -p "$package_root/$asset_dir"
+    cp "$BUILD_DIR/clicd-linux-${arch}" "$package_root/$asset_dir/clicd"
+    cp "$BUILD_DIR/install.sh" "$package_root/$asset_dir/install.sh" 2>/dev/null || true
+    chmod +x "$package_root/$asset_dir/clicd"
+    [ ! -f "$package_root/$asset_dir/install.sh" ] || chmod +x "$package_root/$asset_dir/install.sh"
+    tar -C "$package_root" -czf "$DIST_DIR/${asset_dir}.tar.gz" "$asset_dir"
+    cp "$BUILD_DIR/clicd-linux-${arch}" "$DIST_DIR/${asset_dir}"
+done
 
 echo ""
 echo "====================================="
@@ -70,6 +103,11 @@ echo "  Build Complete!"
 echo "====================================="
 echo "  Output: $BUILD_DIR/clicd"
 echo "  Web:    $BUILD_DIR/web/"
+echo "  Dist:   $DIST_DIR/"
+for arch in $TARGET_GOARCH_LIST; do
+    echo "          dist/clicd-linux-${arch}"
+    echo "          dist/clicd-linux-${arch}.tar.gz"
+done
 echo ""
 echo "  To deploy:"
 echo "    1. Copy build/ directory to server"

docs/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+node_modules/
+.vitepress/cache/
+.vitepress/dist/
+.vitepress/.temp/

docs/.vitepress/config.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+import { defineConfig } from 'vitepress'
+
+const zhNav = [
+  { text: '指南', link: '/guide/introduction' },
+  { text: '功能', link: '/features/dashboard' },
+  { text: '运维', link: '/operations/deployment' },
+  { text: '开发', link: '/developer/architecture' },
+]
+
+const enNav = [
+  { text: 'Guide', link: '/en/guide/introduction' },
+  { text: 'Features', link: '/en/features/dashboard' },
+  { text: 'Operations', link: '/en/operations/deployment' },
+  { text: 'Developer', link: '/en/developer/architecture' },
+]
+
+const zhSidebar = [
+  {
+    text: '开始',
+    items: [
+      { text: '项目介绍', link: '/guide/introduction' },
+      { text: '安装', link: '/guide/installation' },
+      { text: '升级', link: '/guide/upgrade' },
+      { text: '快速上手', link: '/guide/quick-start' },
+      { text: '配置说明', link: '/guide/configuration' },
+    ],
+  },
+  {
+    text: '功能',
+    items: [
+      { text: '控制面板', link: '/features/dashboard' },
+      { text: '容器管理', link: '/features/containers' },
+      { text: '镜像管理', link: '/features/images' },
+      { text: '网络与路由', link: '/features/networking' },
+      { text: '快照管理', link: '/features/snapshots' },
+      { text: '安全告警', link: '/features/security' },
+      { text: '子用户', link: '/features/sub-users' },
+      { text: 'API 集成', link: '/features/api' },
+      { text: '主机报告', link: '/features/host-report' },
+    ],
+  },
+  {
+    text: '运维',
+    items: [
+      { text: '部署建议', link: '/operations/deployment' },
+      { text: '故障排查', link: '/operations/troubleshooting' },
+      { text: '常见问题', link: '/operations/faq' },
+    ],
+  },
+  {
+    text: '开发',
+    items: [
+      { text: '系统架构', link: '/developer/architecture' },
+      { text: '本地构建', link: '/developer/build' },
+      { text: '发布流程', link: '/developer/release' },
+    ],
+  },
+]
+
+const enSidebar = [
+  {
+    text: 'Get Started',
+    items: [
+      { text: 'Introduction', link: '/en/guide/introduction' },
+      { text: 'Installation', link: '/en/guide/installation' },
+      { text: 'Upgrade', link: '/en/guide/upgrade' },
+      { text: 'Quick Start', link: '/en/guide/quick-start' },
+      { text: 'Configuration', link: '/en/guide/configuration' },
+    ],
+  },
+  {
+    text: 'Features',
+    items: [
+      { text: 'Dashboard', link: '/en/features/dashboard' },
+      { text: 'Containers', link: '/en/features/containers' },
+      { text: 'Images', link: '/en/features/images' },
+      { text: 'Networking & Routing', link: '/en/features/networking' },
+      { text: 'Snapshots', link: '/en/features/snapshots' },
+      { text: 'Security Alerts', link: '/en/features/security' },
+      { text: 'Sub-users', link: '/en/features/sub-users' },
+      { text: 'API Integration', link: '/en/features/api' },
+      { text: 'Host Report', link: '/en/features/host-report' },
+    ],
+  },
+  {
+    text: 'Operations',
+    items: [
+      { text: 'Deployment', link: '/en/operations/deployment' },
+      { text: 'Troubleshooting', link: '/en/operations/troubleshooting' },
+      { text: 'FAQ', link: '/en/operations/faq' },
+    ],
+  },
+  {
+    text: 'Developer',
+    items: [
+      { text: 'Architecture', link: '/en/developer/architecture' },
+      { text: 'Local Build', link: '/en/developer/build' },
+      { text: 'Release Process', link: '/en/developer/release' },
+    ],
+  },
+]
+
+export default defineConfig({
+  title: 'CLICD',
+  description: '面向 LXC/KVM 的轻量虚拟化管理面板文档',
+  lang: 'zh-CN',
+  base: process.env.VITEPRESS_BASE || '/',
+  cleanUrls: true,
+  ignoreDeadLinks: true,
+  head: [
+    ['link', { rel: 'icon', href: '/favicon.svg' }],
+  ],
+  vite: {
+    esbuild: {
+      supported: {
+        destructuring: true,
+      },
+    },
+  },
+  locales: {
+    root: {
+      label: '简体中文',
+      lang: 'zh-CN',
+      description: '面向 LXC/KVM 的轻量虚拟化管理面板文档',
+      themeConfig: {
+        nav: zhNav,
+        sidebar: zhSidebar,
+        outline: {
+          label: '页面导航',
+        },
+        darkModeSwitchLabel: '外观',
+        sidebarMenuLabel: '菜单',
+        returnToTopLabel: '返回顶部',
+      },
+    },
+    en: {
+      label: 'English',
+      lang: 'en-US',
+      link: '/en/',
+      description: 'Documentation for the lightweight LXC/KVM virtualization management panel.',
+      themeConfig: {
+        nav: enNav,
+        sidebar: enSidebar,
+        outline: {
+          label: 'On This Page',
+        },
+        darkModeSwitchLabel: 'Appearance',
+        sidebarMenuLabel: 'Menu',
+        returnToTopLabel: 'Return to Top',
+        footer: {
+          message: 'CLICD documentation for deployment, usage, operations, and integration.',
+          copyright: 'Copyright © CLICD contributors',
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  },
+  themeConfig: {
+    logo: '/favicon.svg',
+    search: {
+      provider: 'local',
+    },
+    socialLinks: [
+      { icon: 'github', link: 'https://github.com/MengMengCode/CLICD' },
+    ],
+    footer: {
+      message: 'CLICD 文档面向部署、使用、运维和二次开发场景。',
+      copyright: 'Copyright © CLICD contributors',
+    },
+  },
+})

docs/.vitepress/theme/custom.css

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+:root {
+  --vp-c-brand-1: #0284c7;
+  --vp-c-brand-2: #0ea5e9;
+  --vp-c-brand-3: #7dd3fc;
+  --vp-c-brand-soft: rgba(14, 165, 233, 0.14);
+  --vp-home-hero-name-color: #0369a1;
+  --vp-home-hero-image-background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #7dd3fc 0%, #38bdf8 46%, #86efac 100%);
+  --vp-home-hero-image-filter: blur(46px);
+}
+
+.dark {
+  --vp-c-brand-1: #7dd3fc;
+  --vp-c-brand-2: #38bdf8;
+  --vp-c-brand-3: #0ea5e9;
+  --vp-c-brand-soft: rgba(125, 211, 252, 0.16);
+  --vp-home-hero-name-color: #bae6fd;
+}
+
+.VPHomeHero .text {
+  max-width: 680px;
+}
+
+.vp-doc table {
+  display: table;
+  width: 100%;
+}

docs/.vitepress/theme/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import DefaultTheme from 'vitepress/theme'
+import './custom.css'
+
+export default DefaultTheme

docs/developer/architecture.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# 系统架构
+
+CLICD 由 Go 后端、React 前端和宿主机虚拟化能力组成。
+
+## 后端
+
+后端入口在 `backend/main.go`，HTTP 服务路由集中在 `backend/internal/server/server.go`。主要模块：
+
+- `internal/api`：Web 面板和 `/api/v1` 的 HTTP 接口。
+- `internal/config`：配置和 SQLite 存储。
+- `internal/lxc`：LXC 容器管理。
+- `internal/kvm`：KVM/libvirt 虚拟机管理。
+- `internal/cli`：命令行管理入口。
+- `internal/server`：静态前端嵌入和 HTTP 服务。
+- `internal/version`：版本号。
+
+## 前端
+
+前端入口在 `frontend/src/main.tsx`，页面位于 `frontend/src/pages`，通用组件位于 `frontend/src/components`。
+
+主要页面：
+
+- 控制面板：`Dashboard.tsx`
+- 容器列表：`Containers.tsx`
+- 容器详情：`ContainerDetail.tsx`
+- 镜像管理：`ImageManagement.tsx`
+- 安全告警：`Security.tsx`
+- 快照管理：`Snapshots.tsx`
+- 路由管理：`Routing.tsx`
+- API 集成：`ApiIntegration.tsx`
+- 主机报告：`HostReport.tsx`
+- 子用户管理：`SubUserManagement.tsx`
+
+## 前端嵌入
+
+生产构建时，前端产物会放入 `backend/internal/server/web`，后端通过 Go embed 提供静态文件，并对非 API 路由返回 SPA 入口。
+
+## 接口分层
+
+- `/api/*`：Web 面板和兼容接口。
+- `/api/v1/*`：推荐给外部自动化系统使用的版本化接口。
+- WebSSH 和 WebVNC 使用短期票据后建立 WebSocket 连接。

docs/developer/build.md

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# 本地构建
+
+## 前端构建
+
+```bash
+cd frontend
+npm install
+npm run build
+```
+
+构建输出位于 `frontend/dist`。
+
+## 后端构建
+
+```bash
+cd backend
+go test ./...
+go build -o ../build/clicd .
+```
+
+如果要打包嵌入式 Web 面板，需要先把前端构建产物同步到后端嵌入目录。
+
+## 一键构建
+
+项目根目录提供了构建脚本：
+
+```bash
+bash build.sh
+```
+
+该脚本用于串联前端构建、静态资源同步和 Go 二进制构建。
+
+默认目标为 Linux amd64。需要构建 ARM64 包时可以指定：
+
+```bash
+CLICD_GOARCH=arm64 bash build.sh
+```
+
+需要同时构建 amd64 和 arm64 发布包时：
+
+```bash
+CLICD_GOARCH=all bash build.sh
+```
+
+构建完成后会生成：
+
+- `dist/clicd-linux-amd64`
+- `dist/clicd-linux-amd64.tar.gz`
+- `dist/clicd-linux-arm64`
+- `dist/clicd-linux-arm64.tar.gz`
+
+## 文档站构建
+
+```bash
+cd docs
+npm install
+npm run dev
+npm run build
+```
+
+`npm run dev` 用于本地预览，`npm run build` 用于生成静态文档。

docs/developer/release.md

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# 发布流程
+
+CLICD 的安装和升级依赖 GitHub Release 产物。发布时建议使用语义化版本标签，例如 `v1.1.6`。
+
+## 版本号
+
+版本号需要同步检查：
+
+- `backend/internal/version/version.go`
+- `frontend/package.json`
+- Release 标签。
+
+## Release 产物
+
+安装脚本会按宿主架构优先下载 Linux AMD64 或 ARM64 产物：
+
+```text
+clicd-linux-amd64.tar.gz
+clicd-linux-arm64.tar.gz
+```
+
+在部分场景中也会尝试下载单独二进制：
+
+```text
+clicd-linux-amd64
+clicd-linux-arm64
+```
+
+## 安装脚本行为
+
+- `CLICD_VERSION=latest`：使用 GitHub `releases/latest`。
+- `CLICD_VERSION=vX.Y.Z`：下载指定标签的 Release 产物。
+
+示例：
+
+```bash
+CLICD_VERSION=v1.1.6 sh install.sh
+```
+
+## 发布后验证
+
+- 安装脚本可以下载新版本。
+- `systemctl status clicd` 正常。
+- `/api/version` 返回新版本。
+- Web 面板可以加载前端资源。
+- 容器列表、任务队列、API Key 页面可以正常打开。

docs/en/developer/architecture.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Architecture
+
+CLICD consists of a Go backend, a React frontend, and host virtualization capabilities.
+
+## Backend
+
+The backend entry point is `backend/main.go`, and HTTP routes are centralized in `backend/internal/server/server.go`. Main modules:
+
+- `internal/api`: HTTP APIs for the web panel and `/api/v1`.
+- `internal/config`: configuration and SQLite storage.
+- `internal/lxc`: LXC container management.
+- `internal/kvm`: KVM/libvirt virtual machine management.
+- `internal/cli`: command-line management entry point.
+- `internal/server`: embedded frontend assets and HTTP service.
+- `internal/version`: version number.
+
+## Frontend
+
+The frontend entry point is `frontend/src/main.tsx`. Pages live in `frontend/src/pages`, and shared components live in `frontend/src/components`.
+
+Main pages:
+
+- Dashboard: `Dashboard.tsx`
+- Container list: `Containers.tsx`
+- Container details: `ContainerDetail.tsx`
+- Image Management: `ImageManagement.tsx`
+- Security Alerts: `Security.tsx`
+- Snapshot Management: `Snapshots.tsx`
+- Routing Management: `Routing.tsx`
+- API Integration: `ApiIntegration.tsx`
+- Host Report: `HostReport.tsx`
+- Sub-user Management: `SubUserManagement.tsx`
+
+## Frontend Embedding
+
+For production builds, frontend artifacts are placed in `backend/internal/server/web`. The backend serves them through Go embed and returns the SPA entry for non-API routes.
+
+## API Layers
+
+- `/api/*`: web panel and compatibility APIs.
+- `/api/v1/*`: versioned APIs recommended for external automation.
+- WebSSH and WebVNC use short-lived tickets before opening WebSocket connections.

docs/en/developer/build.md

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Local Build
+
+## Frontend Build
+
+```bash
+cd frontend
+npm install
+npm run build
+```
+
+Build output is written to `frontend/dist`.
+
+## Backend Build
+
+```bash
+cd backend
+go test ./...
+go build -o ../build/clicd .
+```
+
+To package the embedded web panel, sync the frontend build output into the backend embed directory first.
+
+## One-command Build
+
+The project root provides a build script:
+
+```bash
+bash build.sh
+```
+
+The script chains frontend build, static asset sync, and Go binary build.
+
+The default target is Linux amd64. To build an ARM64 package, set:
+
+```bash
+CLICD_GOARCH=arm64 bash build.sh
+```
+
+To build both amd64 and arm64 release assets at once:
+
+```bash
+CLICD_GOARCH=all bash build.sh
+```
+
+The build writes:
+
+- `dist/clicd-linux-amd64`
+- `dist/clicd-linux-amd64.tar.gz`
+- `dist/clicd-linux-arm64`
+- `dist/clicd-linux-arm64.tar.gz`
+
+## Docs Build
+
+```bash
+cd docs
+npm install
+npm run dev
+npm run build
+```
+
+`npm run dev` starts a local preview, and `npm run build` generates static documentation.

docs/en/developer/release.md

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Release Process
+
+CLICD installation and upgrade rely on GitHub Release artifacts. Use semantic version tags such as `v1.1.6`.
+
+## Version Number
+
+Check the version in:
+
+- `backend/internal/version/version.go`
+- `frontend/package.json`
+- Release tag.
+
+## Release Artifacts
+
+The installer first tries to download the Linux AMD64 or ARM64 archive for the host architecture:
+
+```text
+clicd-linux-amd64.tar.gz
+clicd-linux-arm64.tar.gz
+```
+
+In some cases, it may also try the standalone binary:
+
+```text
+clicd-linux-amd64
+clicd-linux-arm64
+```
+
+## Installer Behavior
+
+- `CLICD_VERSION=latest`: use GitHub `releases/latest`.
+- `CLICD_VERSION=vX.Y.Z`: download artifacts from the specified release tag.
+
+Example:
+
+```bash
+CLICD_VERSION=v1.1.6 sh install.sh
+```
+
+## Post-release Verification
+
+- The installer can download the new version.
+- `systemctl status clicd` is healthy.
+- `/api/version` returns the new version.
+- The web panel can load frontend assets.
+- Container list, task queue, and API Key pages open correctly.

docs/en/features/api.md

@@ -0,0 +1,858 @@
+# API Integration
+
+CLICD remains compatible with legacy `/api` endpoints, so existing integrations do not need to change. New integrations should use `/api/v1`; the list below is all v1, and the recommended container list endpoint is `GET /api/v1/containers`.
+
+## Authentication
+
+API keys can be created and managed from the API Integration page. Requests support either of these headers:
+
+```bash
+curl -H "X-API-Key: YOUR_API_KEY" https://panel.example.com/api/v1/containers
+```
+
+```bash
+curl -H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_API_KEY" https://panel.example.com/api/v1/dashboard
+```
+
+## Response Shape
+
+All APIs use the same response envelope:
+
+```json
+{
+  "success": true,
+  "message": "OK",
+  "data": {}
+}
+```
+
+Integrations should read only the business fields they need. New capabilities are added as optional fields where possible, without requiring existing plugins to rename current fields.
+
+## Creation and Reinstall
+
+Container creation, batch creation, reinstall, and batch reinstall support mixed NAT, public IPv4, IPv6 networking, plus Linux SSH login configuration. Public IPv4/IPv6 pools can be viewed with `GET /api/v1/routing` and updated with `PUT /api/v1/routing`.
+
+Create container example:
+
+```json
+{
+  "name": "demo-lxc-01",
+  "virtualization": "lxc",
+  "template_id": "debian-bookworm",
+  "vcpu": 1,
+  "ram_mb": 512,
+  "disk_gb": 10,
+  "assign_nat": true,
+  "port_mapping_count": 2,
+  "assign_ipv4": false,
+  "ipv4_count": 1,
+  "public_ipv4s": [],
+  "assign_ipv6": true,
+  "ipv6_count": 1,
+  "ipv6_addresses": [],
+  "ssh_auth_mode": "auto_password",
+  "ssh_password": "",
+  "ssh_public_key": "",
+  "expires_at": "",
+  "network_down_mbps": 100,
+  "network_up_mbps": 50,
+  "io_read_mbps": 120,
+  "io_write_mbps": 80
+}
+```
+
+Field notes:
+
+| Field | Description |
+| --- | --- |
+| `assign_nat` | Whether to allocate NAT port mappings. If omitted, default NAT behavior is preserved. |
+| `assign_ipv4` | Whether to allocate public IPv4. |
+| `ipv4_count` | Number of public IPv4 addresses to allocate automatically. |
+| `public_ipv4s` | Explicit public IPv4 address list. |
+| `assign_ipv6` | Whether to allocate IPv6. |
+| `ipv6_count` | Number of IPv6 addresses to allocate automatically. |
+| `ipv6_addresses` | Explicit IPv6 address list. |
+| `ssh_auth_mode` | Linux creation supports `auto_password`, `password`, and `key`; reinstall also supports `keep`. |
+| `ssh_password` | Custom password for `password` mode. It must be 8-64 characters, include letters and digits, and contain no whitespace. |
+| `ssh_public_key` | One-line SSH public key for `key` mode. |
+| `network_down_mbps` | Optional container download/downlink bandwidth limit in Mbps. `0` means unlimited. |
+| `network_up_mbps` | Optional container upload/uplink bandwidth limit in Mbps. `0` means unlimited. |
+| `io_read_mbps` | Optional disk read limit in MB/s. `0` means unlimited. |
+| `io_write_mbps` | Optional disk write limit in MB/s. `0` means unlimited. |
+| `network_bw_mbps` | Legacy-compatible field. Sets symmetric downlink/uplink bandwidth; new integrations should prefer the split fields. |
+| `io_speed_mbps` | Legacy-compatible field. Sets symmetric read/write I/O limits; new integrations should prefer the split fields. |
+
+Reinstall example:
+
+```json
+{
+  "template_id": "debian-bookworm",
+  "ssh_auth_mode": "keep",
+  "ssh_password": "",
+  "ssh_public_key": ""
+}
+```
+
+`keep` is only for reinstall and keeps the current SSH password. Windows KVM images ignore Linux SSH public key fields.
+
+## Resource and Traffic Limits
+
+`PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/resource-limit` supports partial updates. Fields omitted from the request remain unchanged.
+
+```json
+{
+  "vcpu": 2,
+  "ram_mb": 1024,
+  "network_down_mbps": 100,
+  "network_up_mbps": 50,
+  "io_read_mbps": 120,
+  "io_write_mbps": 80
+}
+```
+
+Legacy `network_bw_mbps` and `io_speed_mbps` are still accepted. They mean symmetric downlink/uplink bandwidth and symmetric read/write I/O limits. New integrations should use the split fields to control download/upload and read/write independently.
+
+`PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/traffic-limit` request body:
+
+```json
+{
+  "traffic_mode": "total",
+  "monthly_traffic_gb": 1024,
+  "traffic_in_gb": 0,
+  "traffic_out_gb": 0
+}
+```
+
+| Field | Description |
+| --- | --- |
+| `traffic_mode` | Traffic limit mode. Common values are `total` for a shared total limit and `split` for separate inbound/outbound limits. |
+| `monthly_traffic_gb` | Monthly total traffic quota for `total` mode, in GB. `0` means unlimited. |
+| `traffic_in_gb` | Monthly inbound quota for `split` mode, in GB. `0` means unlimited. |
+| `traffic_out_gb` | Monthly outbound quota for `split` mode, in GB. `0` means unlimited. |
+
+## Container Firewall
+
+Read container firewall settings with `GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall` and update them with `PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall`. Updates are applied immediately when the container is running.
+
+Update example:
+
+```json
+{
+  "enabled": true,
+  "default_action": "DROP",
+  "rules": [
+    {
+      "direction": "in",
+      "protocol": "tcp",
+      "action": "ACCEPT",
+      "network": "ipv4",
+      "source_ip": "203.0.113.0/24",
+      "port": "22,80,443",
+      "description": "allow admin and web"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+| Field | Description |
+| --- | --- |
+| `enabled` | Whether the container firewall is enabled. |
+| `default_action` | Default action: `ACCEPT` or `DROP`. |
+| `rules[].id` | Optional. Omit for new rules and the backend will generate one. |
+| `rules[].direction` | Direction: `in` or `out`. |
+| `rules[].protocol` | Protocol: `tcp`, `udp`, `icmp`, or `all`. |
+| `rules[].action` | Action: `ACCEPT` or `DROP`. |
+| `rules[].network` | Network type: `ipv4`, `ipv6`, or `all`. |
+| `rules[].source_ip` | Optional source IP, CIDR, or address range. |
+| `rules[].port` | Optional. Supported only for `tcp`/`udp`; examples: `22`, `80,443`, or `8000-9000`. |
+| `rules[].description` | Optional note. |
+
+## API Key Create and Update
+
+`POST /api/v1/api-keys` and `PATCH /api/v1/api-keys/{id}` use the same field shape. `name` is required when creating a key; updates overwrite the fields you send.
+
+```json
+{
+  "name": "Automation",
+  "ip_whitelist": "198.51.100.23,203.0.113.0/24",
+  "scopes": ["dashboard:read", "container:read", "container:power"],
+  "expires_at": "2026-12-31 23:59:59",
+  "disabled": false,
+  "container_uuids": ["00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000005"]
+}
+```
+
+| Field | Description |
+| --- | --- |
+| `name` | API key name. Required when creating a key. |
+| `ip_whitelist` | Optional allowed source IPs/CIDRs, comma-separated. Empty means no IP restriction. |
+| `scopes` | Optional permission scopes. If omitted, the default read-only scopes are used. `*` grants all permissions. |
+| `expires_at` | Optional expiration time. Empty means no expiration. |
+| `disabled` | Whether this key is disabled. |
+| `container_uuids` | Optional container allowlist that limits the key to specific containers. |
+
+## Python Example
+
+Fetch containers:
+
+```python
+import requests
+
+BASE_URL = "https://panel.example.com"
+API_KEY = "YOUR_API_KEY"
+
+session = requests.Session()
+session.headers.update({
+    "X-API-Key": API_KEY,
+    "Content-Type": "application/json",
+})
+
+resp = session.get(f"{BASE_URL}/api/v1/containers", timeout=15)
+resp.raise_for_status()
+print(resp.json())
+```
+
+Create a port mapping:
+
+```python
+import requests
+
+BASE_URL = "https://panel.example.com"
+API_KEY = "YOUR_API_KEY"
+CONTAINER_ID = "example-vm"
+
+payload = {
+    "protocol": "tcp",
+    "host_port": 18080,
+    "container_port": 80,
+    "description": "web",
+}
+
+resp = requests.post(
+    f"{BASE_URL}/api/v1/containers/{CONTAINER_ID}/port-mappings",
+    headers={"X-API-Key": API_KEY},
+    json=payload,
+    timeout=15,
+)
+resp.raise_for_status()
+print(resp.json())
+```
+
+## Endpoint List
+
+### Overview
+
+| Method | Path | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| GET | `/api/v1/dashboard` | Dashboard statistics |
+| GET | `/api/v1/host-info` | Host resources |
+| GET | `/api/v1/host-report` | Host inspection report |
+| GET | `/api/v1/routing` | NAT/IPv4/IPv6 routing |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/routing` | Update public IPv4/IPv6 pools |
+| POST | `/api/v1/routing/ipv4-scan` | Scan a public IPv4 segment |
+| GET | `/api/v1/ipv6/status` | IPv6 status |
+| GET | `/api/v1/tasks` | Task queue |
+| DELETE | `/api/v1/tasks/{task_id}` | Delete a task |
+
+### Containers
+
+| Method | Path | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| GET | `/api/v1/containers` | Container list (recommended) |
+| GET | `/api/v1/containers/list` | Compatible GET form for container list |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/list` | Compatible POST form for container list |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers` | Create container |
+| GET | `/api/v1/containers/{id\|uuid\|name}` | Container details |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/start` | Start |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/stop` | Stop |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/restart` | Restart |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/reinstall` | Reinstall |
+| DELETE | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/delete` | Delete |
+| GET | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/usage` | Resource usage |
+| GET | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/traffic` | Traffic statistics |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/traffic-reset` | Reset traffic |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/traffic-limit` | Update traffic limits |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/resource-limit` | Update resource limits |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/expiry` | Update expiration time |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/reset-password` | Reset SSH password |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/ipv6` | Assign IPv6 |
+
+### Ports and Snapshots
+
+| Method | Path | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| GET | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/random-port` | Random available port; accepts `host_ip` to check a specific host IP |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings` | Add port mapping |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings/{index}` | Update port mapping |
+| DELETE | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings/{index}` | Delete port mapping |
+| GET | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall` | Get container firewall settings |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall` | Update container firewall settings |
+| GET | `/api/v1/snapshots` | Snapshot overview |
+| GET | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots` | Container snapshots |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots` | Create snapshot |
+| DELETE | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/{snapshot_id}` | Delete snapshot |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/{snapshot_id}/restore` | Restore snapshot |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/schedule` | Schedule snapshots |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/quota` | Snapshot quota |
+
+### Platform Management
+
+| Method | Path | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| GET | `/api/v1/templates` | Template list |
+| GET | `/api/v1/images` | Image management list |
+| GET | `/api/v1/images/enabled` | Enabled and downloaded images; supports `type=lxc\|kvm` |
+| POST | `/api/v1/images/download` | Download image |
+| POST | `/api/v1/images/cancel` | Cancel image download |
+| DELETE | `/api/v1/images/delete` | Delete image cache |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/images/toggle` | Enable or disable image |
+| GET | `/api/v1/security/alerts` | Security alerts |
+| POST | `/api/v1/security/check` | Run security check |
+| GET | `/api/v1/security/logs?container={name}` | Security connection logs |
+| GET | `/api/v1/security/summary` | Security summary |
+| GET | `/api/v1/security/settings` | Security settings |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/security/settings` | Update security settings |
+| GET | `/api/v1/swap` | Swap information |
+| POST | `/api/v1/swap` | Adjust Swap |
+| GET | `/api/v1/language` | Current panel language |
+| POST/PUT | `/api/v1/language` | Update panel language |
+| GET | `/api/v1/ssl` | SSL settings (requires admin permission / `admin:access`) |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/ssl` | Update SSL settings (requires admin permission / `admin:access`) |
+| GET | `/api/v1/webssh-origins` | WebSSH Origin allowlist (requires admin permission / `admin:access`) |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/webssh-origins` | Update WebSSH Origin allowlist (requires admin permission / `admin:access`) |
+| POST | `/api/v1/batch-create` | Batch create containers |
+| POST | `/api/v1/batch-action` | Batch power action, delete, or reinstall |
+| POST | `/api/v1/ssh-ticket` | Create WebSSH ticket |
+| POST | `/api/v1/vnc-ticket` | Create WebVNC ticket |
+
+### Accounts and Logs
+
+| Method | Path | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| POST | `/api/v1/sub-user/create` | Create sub-user link |
+| GET | `/api/v1/sub-users` | Sub-user list |
+| POST | `/api/v1/sub-users/{id}/rotate-password` | Rotate sub-user password |
+| GET | `/api/v1/sub-users/{id}/audit-logs` | Sub-user audit logs |
+| GET | `/api/v1/sub-users/{id}/login-logs` | Sub-user login logs |
+| GET | `/api/v1/audit-logs` | Audit logs |
+| GET | `/api/v1/login-logs` | Login logs |
+| GET | `/api/v1/api-keys` | API key list |
+| POST | `/api/v1/api-keys` | Create API key |
+| PATCH | `/api/v1/api-keys/{id}` | Update API key |
+| DELETE | `/api/v1/api-keys/{id}` | Delete API key |
+
+## Response Samples
+
+The samples below are grouped by endpoint path. Resource numbers, task IDs, container IDs, timestamps, IP addresses, and keys will differ in real environments. Passwords, tickets, and API keys are masked.
+
+### Overview
+
+```json
+{
+  "GET /api/v1/dashboard": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "running": 31,
+      "stopped": 0,
+      "total_containers": 31
+    }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/host-info": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "cpu": { "cores": 8, "usage_pct": 1.16 },
+      "ram": { "total_mb": 31825, "used_mb": 1275, "free_mb": 30550 },
+      "disk": { "total_gb": 1750.49, "used_gb": 123.98, "free_gb": 1626.51 },
+      "network": {
+        "public_ipv4": "203.0.113.10",
+        "public_ipv4_interface": "eth0",
+        "public_ipv6": "2001:db8:100::2",
+        "public_ipv6_interface": "eth0"
+      },
+      "load": { "load1": 0.01, "load5": 0.03, "load15": 0.01 }
+    }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/host-report": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "generated_at": "2026-06-12 10:00:00",
+      "summary": { "status": "ok", "warnings": 0 },
+      "host": { "hostname": "node-1", "kernel": "6.8.0" },
+      "resources": { "cpu_cores": 8, "ram_total_mb": 31825, "disk_total_gb": 1750.49 },
+      "network": { "public_ipv4": "203.0.113.10", "public_ipv6": "2001:db8:100::2" }
+    }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/routing": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "nat4": { "used": 62, "remaining": "45474", "total": "45536" },
+      "ipv4": { "used": 1, "remaining": "3", "total": "4" },
+      "ipv6": { "used": 31, "remaining": "large", "total": "large" },
+      "public_ipv4_addresses": [
+        { "address": "203.0.113.10", "interface": "eth0", "prefix_len": 32, "gateway": "203.0.113.1" }
+      ],
+      "ipv4_assignments": [
+        { "container_id": 5, "container_name": "example-vm", "address": "203.0.113.10", "interface": "eth0", "prefix_len": 32, "gateway": "203.0.113.1" }
+      ],
+      "nat4_mappings": [
+        { "container_id": 5, "container_name": "example-vm", "status": "running", "ip": "10.0.0.10", "host_port": 22004, "container_port": 22, "protocol": "tcp" }
+      ],
+      "ipv6_assignments": [
+        { "container_id": 5, "container_name": "example-vm", "address": "2001:db8:100::1005", "prefix_len": 64, "interface": "eth0" }
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/routing": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "ipv4": { "used": 1, "remaining": "3", "total": "4" },
+      "public_ipv4_addresses": [
+        { "address": "203.0.113.10", "interface": "eth0", "prefix_len": 32, "gateway": "203.0.113.1" }
+      ],
+      "ipv6_prefixes": [
+        { "interface": "eth0", "address": "2001:db8:100::2", "prefix": "2001:db8:100::/64", "prefix_len": 64, "gateway": "2001:db8:100::1" }
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/routing/ipv4-scan": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "address": "203.0.113.10", "interface": "eth0", "prefix_len": 32, "gateway": "203.0.113.1", "status": "available", "usable": true, "reason": "" }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/ipv6/status": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "available": true,
+      "reachable": true,
+      "reason": "usable public IPv6 prefix detected",
+      "prefixes": [
+        { "interface": "eth0", "address": "2001:db8:100::2", "prefix": "2001:db8:100::/64", "prefix_len": 64, "gateway": "2001:db8:100::1" }
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/tasks": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": []
+  },
+  "DELETE /api/v1/tasks/{task_id}": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Task deleted"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Containers
+
+```json
+{
+  "GET /api/v1/containers": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      {
+        "id": 5,
+        "uuid": "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000005",
+        "name": "example-vm",
+        "virtualization": "lxc",
+        "template": "debian-bullseye",
+        "vcpu": 1,
+        "ram_mb": 512,
+        "disk_gb": 10,
+        "network_down_mbps": 100,
+        "network_up_mbps": 50,
+        "io_read_mbps": 120,
+        "io_write_mbps": 80,
+        "status": "running",
+        "ip": "10.0.0.10",
+        "ipv6": "2001:db8:100::1005",
+        "ssh_port": 22004,
+        "ssh_password": "***",
+        "port_mappings": [
+          { "container_port": 22, "host_port": 22004, "protocol": "tcp", "description": "SSH" },
+          { "container_port": 20000, "host_port": 20000, "protocol": "tcp", "description": "Port-20000" }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/containers/list": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "id": 5, "uuid": "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000005", "name": "example-vm", "status": "running", "ip": "10.0.0.10" }
+    ]
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/list": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "id": 5, "uuid": "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000005", "name": "example-vm", "status": "running", "ip": "10.0.0.10" }
+    ]
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Container created successfully"
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/containers/{id|uuid|name}": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "id": 5,
+      "uuid": "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000005",
+      "name": "example-vm",
+      "status": "running",
+      "ip": "10.0.0.10",
+      "ipv6": "2001:db8:100::1005",
+      "ssh_port": 22004,
+      "ssh_password": "***",
+      "policy_blocked": false
+    }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/start": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Task queued",
+    "data": { "task_id": "task-10", "container_name": "example-vm", "status": "pending", "action": "start" }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/stop": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Task queued",
+    "data": { "task_id": "task-10", "container_name": "example-vm", "status": "pending", "action": "stop" }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/restart": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Task queued",
+    "data": { "task_id": "task-10", "container_name": "example-vm", "status": "pending", "action": "restart" }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/reinstall": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Task queued",
+    "data": { "task_id": "task-10", "container_name": "example-vm", "status": "pending", "action": "reinstall" }
+  },
+  "DELETE /api/v1/containers/{id}/delete": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Task queued",
+    "data": { "task_id": "task-10", "container_name": "example-vm", "status": "pending", "action": "delete" }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/usage": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "cpu_usage_pct": 0,
+      "cpu_usage_usec": 3908852,
+      "memory_usage_bytes": 29331456,
+      "disk_usage_bytes": 515100672,
+      "network_rx_bytes": 131232,
+      "network_tx_bytes": 16828,
+      "load1": 0.1,
+      "load5": 0.06,
+      "load15": 0.01
+    }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/traffic": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "mode": "total",
+      "limit_gb": 1024,
+      "in_limit_gb": 0,
+      "out_limit_gb": 0,
+      "total_used_bytes": 142082,
+      "rx_used_bytes": 127212,
+      "tx_used_bytes": 14870,
+      "used_pct": 0,
+      "reset_date": "2026-06"
+    }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/traffic-reset": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Traffic reset"
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/traffic-limit": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Traffic limit updated"
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/resource-limit": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Resource limits updated"
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/expiry": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Expiry updated"
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/reset-password": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "SSH password reset successfully",
+    "data": { "password": "***" }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/ipv6": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "IPv6 assigned",
+    "data": { "id": 5, "name": "example-vm", "ipv6": "2001:db8:100::1005" }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Ports and Snapshots
+
+```json
+{
+  "GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/random-port?host_ip=203.0.113.10": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "port": 61320 }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "container_port": 22, "host_port": 22004, "protocol": "tcp", "description": "SSH" },
+      { "container_port": 8080, "host_port": 61320, "protocol": "tcp", "description": "HTTP" }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings/{index}": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "container_port": 8081, "host_port": 61320, "protocol": "tcp", "description": "HTTP" }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DELETE /api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings/{index}": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": []
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "default_action": "DROP",
+      "rules": [
+        { "id": "a1b2c3d4", "direction": "in", "protocol": "tcp", "action": "ACCEPT", "network": "ipv4", "source_ip": "203.0.113.0/24", "port": "22,80,443", "description": "allow admin and web" }
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Firewall updated",
+    "data": { "enabled": true, "default_action": "DROP", "rules": [] }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/snapshots": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": null
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "quota": 1,
+      "schedule": { "enabled": false, "interval_hours": 0, "last_run": "", "next_run": "", "time": "", "created_by": "" },
+      "snapshots": []
+    }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "id": "snap-20260608-001",
+      "container_id": 5,
+      "container_name": "example-vm",
+      "created_at": "2026-06-08 16:00:00",
+      "created_by": "api:Automation",
+      "scheduled": false,
+      "size_bytes": 10485760
+    }
+  },
+  "DELETE /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/{snapshot_id}": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Snapshot deleted"
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/{snapshot_id}/restore": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Snapshot restored"
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/schedule": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "container": { "id": 5, "name": "example-vm", "snapshot_schedule_enabled": true, "snapshot_schedule_interval_hours": 24, "snapshot_schedule_time": "03:00" }
+    }
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/quota": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "quota": 2,
+      "container": { "id": 5, "name": "example-vm", "snapshot_limit": 2 }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Platform Management
+
+```json
+{
+  "GET /api/v1/templates": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "id": "ubuntu-noble", "name": "Ubuntu 24.04", "distro": "ubuntu", "release": "noble", "arch": "amd64", "description": "Ubuntu 24.04 LTS" },
+      { "id": "debian-bookworm", "name": "Debian 12", "distro": "debian", "release": "bookworm", "arch": "amd64", "description": "Debian 12 (Bookworm)" }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/images": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "id": "ubuntu-noble", "name": "Ubuntu 24.04", "type": "lxc", "downloaded": true, "enabled": true, "downloading": false, "progress": 0, "size_bytes": 135005452 }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/images/enabled?type=lxc": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "id": "ubuntu-noble", "name": "Ubuntu 24.04", "distro": "ubuntu", "release": "noble", "arch": "amd64", "variant": "default", "description": "Ubuntu 24.04 LTS", "type": "lxc" }
+    ]
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/images/download": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Already downloaded"
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/images/cancel": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Cancel requested"
+  },
+  "DELETE /api/v1/images/delete": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Deleted"
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/images/toggle": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "OK"
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/security/alerts": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": []
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/security/check": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Security check completed"
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/security/logs?container={name}": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": []
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/security/summary": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "critical": 0, "high": 0, "medium": 0, "low": 0, "total_alerts": 0 }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/security/settings": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "auto_shutdown": false }
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/security/settings": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "auto_shutdown": false }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/swap": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "total_mb": 16383, "used_mb": 0, "free_mb": 16383, "enabled": true, "swap_file": "/swapfile" }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/swap": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "SWAP adjusted to 16384 MB",
+    "data": { "total_mb": 16383, "used_mb": 0, "free_mb": 16383, "enabled": true, "swap_file": "/swapfile" }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/language": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "language": "zh" }
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/language": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "language": "en" }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/ssl": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "enabled": true, "mode": "self-signed", "target": "panel.example.com", "detected_host": "panel.example.com", "needs_restart": false }
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/ssl": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "SSL settings saved",
+    "data": { "enabled": true, "mode": "self-signed", "target": "panel.example.com", "needs_restart": true }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/webssh-origins": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "origins": ["https://panel.example.com"], "current_origin": "https://panel.example.com" }
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/webssh-origins": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Origin allowlist saved",
+    "data": { "origins": ["https://panel.example.com"], "current_origin": "https://panel.example.com" }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/batch-create": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": ["task-12"]
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/batch-action": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": ["task-13"]
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/ssh-ticket": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "ticket": "***60 seconds valid***" }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/vnc-ticket": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "ticket": "***60 seconds valid***" }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Accounts and Logs
+
+```json
+{
+  "POST /api/v1/sub-user/create": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Sub-user created",
+    "data": {
+      "id": "sub-xxxxxxxx",
+      "username": "user-xxxxxxxx",
+      "password": "***",
+      "container_names": ["example-vm"],
+      "access_code": "********",
+      "created_at": "2026-06-08 16:00:00"
+    }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/sub-users": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": []
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/sub-users/{id}/rotate-password": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "username": "user-xxxxxxxx", "password": "***", "access_code": "********" }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/sub-users/{id}/audit-logs": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": []
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/sub-users/{id}/login-logs": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": []
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/audit-logs": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "time": "2026-06-08 15:44:40", "action": "apikey.create", "target": "Test", "detail": "scopes=*", "user": "admin", "success": true }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/login-logs": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "time": "2026-06-08 08:24:00 UTC", "username": "admin", "ip": "198.51.100.23", "user_agent": "Mozilla/5.0 ...", "success": true }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/api-keys": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "id": "c271023f", "name": "Test", "prefix": "clicd_sk_dd9d...", "ip_whitelist": "", "created_at": "2026-06-08 15:44:40", "last_used": "2026-06-08 15:46:10", "scopes": ["*"], "expires_at": "", "disabled": false, "container_uuids": [], "last_used_ip": "198.51.100.23" }
+    ]
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/api-keys": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "API key created. Save this key now - it won't be shown again.",
+    "data": { "id": "a1b2c3d4", "name": "Automation", "key": "clicd_sk_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", "prefix": "clicd_sk_xxxx...", "ip_whitelist": "198.51.100.23", "scopes": ["dashboard:read", "container:read"], "expires_at": "2026-12-31 23:59:59", "disabled": false, "container_uuids": ["00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000005"] }
+  },
+  "PATCH /api/v1/api-keys/{id}": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "id": "a1b2c3d4", "name": "Automation", "prefix": "clicd_sk_xxxx...", "scopes": ["dashboard:read", "container:read"], "expires_at": "2026-12-31 23:59:59", "disabled": false, "container_uuids": ["00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000005"] }
+  },
+  "DELETE /api/v1/api-keys/{id}": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "API key deleted"
+  }
+}
+```

docs/en/features/containers.md

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# Container Management
+
+Container Management is the core CLICD module. It covers creation, lifecycle operations, resource limits, network mappings, traffic statistics, password resets, and console access.
+
+## Container List
+
+The list page scans container status. Administrators can view all containers. Sub-users only see containers within their authorization scope.
+
+Common fields include:
+
+- ID, UUID, and name.
+- Virtualization type.
+- Runtime status.
+- IP and IPv6.
+- CPU, memory, and disk limits.
+- Traffic usage and traffic limits.
+- Expiration time.
+
+## Create Containers
+
+Creation requires a template and resource quotas. Batch creation is available from the panel or API and is useful for issuing multiple containers at once.
+
+```http
+POST /api/v1/containers
+POST /api/v1/batch-create
+```
+
+Linux containers and Linux KVM virtual machines support SSH login configuration during creation:
+
+- `auto_password`: generate a root SSH password automatically.
+- `password`: use a custom `ssh_password`.
+- `key`: write a one-line `ssh_public_key`; a password is still kept for WebSSH.
+
+Network allocation can combine NAT, public IPv4, and IPv6 as needed. API fields such as `assign_nat`, `assign_ipv4`, `public_ipv4s`, `assign_ipv6`, and `ipv6_addresses` are optional. If they are omitted, default behavior is preserved.
+
+## Lifecycle Operations
+
+```http
+POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/start
+POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/stop
+POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/restart
+POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/reinstall
+DELETE /api/v1/containers/{id}/delete
+```
+
+Start, stop, reinstall, and delete actions enter the task queue. Call `GET /api/v1/tasks` afterwards to check execution status.
+
+When reinstalling a Linux system, you may pass `ssh_auth_mode`, `ssh_password`, and `ssh_public_key`. `ssh_auth_mode=keep` keeps the current SSH password. If these fields are omitted, the old behavior is preserved.
+
+## Resources and Traffic
+
+The container details page supports resource usage, traffic limit changes, resource limit changes, and expiration changes.
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/usage
+GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/traffic
+POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/traffic-reset
+PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/traffic-limit
+PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/resource-limit
+PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/expiry
+```
+
+## NAT Port Management
+
+The NAT port management section supports adding, editing, and deleting mappings. Add and edit actions use a dialog so name, protocol, external port, and internal port can be filled in together.
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/random-port
+POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings
+PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings/{index}
+DELETE /api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings/{index}
+```
+
+In sub-user mode, administrators can limit sub-users to changing only the internal port, preventing changes to the host-facing port and protocol.
+
+## Remote Console
+
+```http
+POST /api/v1/ssh-ticket
+POST /api/v1/vnc-ticket
+```
+
+Tickets are short-lived. Use them immediately for WebSSH or WebVNC and do not persist them.

docs/en/features/dashboard.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Dashboard
+
+The dashboard shows the overall state of the host and virtualization resources.
+
+## Metrics
+
+- Total containers, running containers, and stopped containers.
+- CPU, memory, disk, and Swap overview.
+- Entry points for host network and routing status.
+- Task queue status.
+- Security alert summary.
+
+## Related APIs
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/dashboard
+GET /api/v1/host-info
+GET /api/v1/routing
+GET /api/v1/ipv6/status
+GET /api/v1/tasks
+```
+
+API requests must include an API key:
+
+```bash
+curl -H "X-API-Key: YOUR_API_KEY" https://panel.example.com/api/v1/dashboard
+```

docs/en/features/host-report.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Host Report
+
+The host report summarizes the host runtime environment, resource status, and virtualization dependencies. It is useful for post-installation checks, troubleshooting, or sharing environment information with maintainers.
+
+## Contents
+
+- System version and kernel information.
+- CPU, memory, disk, and Swap.
+- Network status.
+- LXC/KVM dependency status.
+- CLICD service status.
+
+## Related APIs
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/host-report
+GET /api/v1/host-info
+GET /api/v1/swap
+```
+
+Before sending a report externally, check whether it contains public IPs, private networks, usernames, keys, tickets, or business domains.

docs/en/features/images.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Image Management
+
+Image Management maintains templates used to create containers or virtual machines.
+
+## Supported Template Types
+
+The project includes common Linux distribution templates such as Debian, Ubuntu, Alpine, CentOS, Fedora, Arch Linux, and Rocky Linux. KVM templates use the corresponding distribution cloud image resources.
+
+## Management Actions
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/templates
+GET /api/v1/images
+POST /api/v1/images/download
+POST /api/v1/images/cancel
+DELETE /api/v1/images/delete
+PUT /api/v1/images/toggle
+```
+
+- `templates` returns available template definitions.
+- `images` returns local image status.
+- `download` downloads a specific template.
+- `cancel` cancels a download task.
+- `delete` removes the local image cache.
+- `toggle` controls whether a template can be used during creation.
+
+## Windows Images
+
+This project does not distribute Windows system images and does not provide features to bypass or avoid Windows activation. Windows download links should point to official Microsoft resources, and users must obtain valid licenses themselves.

docs/en/features/networking.md

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Networking and Routing
+
+CLICD provides NAT4 port mapping, random available ports, public IPv4 assignment, IPv6 status checks, and IPv6 assignment. During container creation, you can use NAT only, public IPv4 only, IPv6 only, or a mixed network setup.
+
+## NAT4
+
+NAT4 forwards host ports to container internal ports. Common uses include:
+
+- Forwarding SSH.
+- Exposing web services.
+- Assigning fixed external ports to sub-users.
+
+Port mappings include:
+
+| Field | Description |
+| --- | --- |
+| Name | A purpose label such as `ssh` or `web`. |
+| Protocol | `tcp` or `udp`. |
+| External port | The host port exposed to the outside. |
+| Internal port | The service port inside the container. |
+
+## IPv6
+
+IPv6 assignment requires the host to have a routable IPv6 prefix, plus correct routing, neighbor discovery, or proxy configuration.
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/ipv6/status
+POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/ipv6
+```
+
+If the host has no public IPv6 or the upstream network is not routing the prefix correctly, assigned addresses will not be reachable from the public internet.
+
+## Public IPv4
+
+Public IPv4 assignment selects from public IPv4 addresses detected on the host, or from `public_ipv4s` specified through the API. Creation fields include:
+
+| Field | Description |
+| --- | --- |
+| `assign_nat` | Whether to enable NAT port mappings. |
+| `assign_ipv4` | Whether to assign public IPv4. |
+| `ipv4_count` | Number of public IPv4 addresses to allocate automatically. |
+| `public_ipv4s` | Explicit public IPv4 address list. |
+| `assign_ipv6` | Whether to assign IPv6. |
+| `ipv6_count` | Number of IPv6 addresses to allocate automatically. |
+| `ipv6_addresses` | Explicit IPv6 address list. |
+
+Public address pool APIs:
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/routing
+PUT /api/v1/routing
+POST /api/v1/routing/ipv4-scan
+```
+
+## Routing Status
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/routing
+```
+
+This endpoint shows runtime status for NAT, IPv4, IPv6, and port capacity.

docs/en/features/security.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Security Alerts
+
+CLICD includes lightweight security alerts based on connection behavior. It does not keep full normal connection logs; it focuses on abnormal behavior and high-risk patterns.
+
+## Covered Scenarios
+
+- Port scanning.
+- Lateral scanning.
+- Brute-force tendencies.
+- SMTP abuse.
+- UDP reflection risk.
+- Suspicious ports related to mining, proxies, VPNs, Tor, and similar services.
+
+## APIs
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/security/alerts
+POST /api/v1/security/check
+GET /api/v1/security/logs?container={name}
+GET /api/v1/security/summary
+GET /api/v1/security/settings
+PUT /api/v1/security/settings
+```
+
+## Automatic Shutdown
+
+Security settings can enable automatic shutdown after alerts. Before enabling it, observe for a while and make sure the rules do not affect normal services.
+
+## Logging Advice
+
+Security alerts are risk signals. They should not replace a professional firewall, intrusion detection, or centralized logging system. For public services, still combine them with security groups, firewall rules, Fail2ban, and similar tools.

docs/en/features/snapshots.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Snapshot Management
+
+Snapshots save the current state of a container so it can be rolled back before upgrades, configuration changes, or delivery.
+
+## Global Overview
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/snapshots
+```
+
+Use this endpoint to view snapshot summaries for all containers.
+
+## Container Snapshots
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots
+POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots
+DELETE /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/{snapshot_id}
+POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/{snapshot_id}/restore
+```
+
+Restoring a snapshot changes container state. In production, confirm that the current workload can be interrupted first.
+
+## Scheduled Snapshots and Quotas
+
+```http
+POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/schedule
+PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/quota
+```
+
+Scheduled snapshots are useful for long-running containers. Quotas prevent snapshots from growing without limit and filling the host disk.

docs/en/features/sub-users.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Sub-users
+
+Sub-users let administrators grant specific container access to other users. They are useful for temporary delivery, shared-host allocation, teaching labs, or multi-user host scenarios.
+
+## Create an Access Link
+
+After selecting a container, the administrator can create a sub-user link:
+
+```http
+POST /api/v1/sub-user/create
+```
+
+The response may include a username, initial password, access code, or access link. When sharing externally, mask sensitive values and send the real values only to the intended user.
+
+## Manage Sub-users
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/sub-users
+POST /api/v1/sub-users/{id}/rotate-password
+GET /api/v1/sub-users/{id}/audit-logs
+GET /api/v1/sub-users/{id}/login-logs
+```
+
+Rotating the password invalidates old credentials. Audit logs and login logs help investigate mistakes or abnormal access.
+
+## Permission Scope
+
+Sub-users can only manage authorized containers. Global configuration, image management, security policy, API keys, and other administrator features are not exposed to sub-users.

docs/en/guide/configuration.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Configuration
+
+After installation, CLICD runs as a systemd service. Runtime configuration and the database are stored locally on the host. The exact path may vary with installer options, but the default installation should mainly be checked under `/root/.clicd/`.
+
+## Common Settings
+
+| Setting | Description |
+| --- | --- |
+| Web port | Defaults to `8999`, listening on `0.0.0.0:8999`. |
+| Administrator account | Used to log in to the web panel and manage API keys. |
+| Database | SQLite storage for container metadata, sub-users, audit logs, API keys, and more. |
+| NAT port range | Used for random ports and port mapping allocation. |
+| IPv6 prefixes | Used when the host has routable IPv6 prefixes. |
+| Security alerts | Policies such as automatic shutdown can be configured. |
+
+## Service Commands
+
+```bash
+systemctl status clicd
+systemctl restart clicd
+journalctl -u clicd -n 100 --no-pager
+```
+
+## Security Recommendations
+
+- Do not expose the web panel directly to untrusted networks.
+- Use a strong administrator password and rotate it regularly.
+- Split API keys by purpose and avoid long-lived full-access keys.
+- WebSSH and WebVNC tickets are short-lived credentials and should not be written to logs or shared publicly.
+- Do not paste real IPs, passwords, API keys, or tickets into public docs, screenshots, or support tickets.

docs/en/guide/installation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Installation
+
+CLICD provides a one-line installer. By default, it installs the latest version from GitHub Releases. You can also pin a specific version with an environment variable.
+
+## Requirements
+
+- Linux x86_64/amd64 or ARM64/aarch64 host.
+- Root privileges.
+- systemd.
+- Network access to GitHub Release downloads.
+- LXC runtime support if you want to use LXC.
+- KVM virtualization enabled with libvirt/QEMU installed if you want to use KVM.
+
+## Install the Latest Version
+
+```bash
+curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MengMengCode/CLICD/main/install.sh | sudo sh
+```
+
+The script defaults to `CLICD_VERSION=latest` and downloads `clicd-linux-amd64.tar.gz` or `clicd-linux-arm64.tar.gz` from `releases/latest` according to the host architecture.
+
+## Install a Specific Version
+
+```bash
+curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MengMengCode/CLICD/main/install.sh | sudo CLICD_VERSION=v1.1.6 sh
+```
+
+Replace `v1.1.6` with the release tag you want to install.
+
+## Open the Panel
+
+After installation, open:
+
+```text
+http://YOUR_SERVER_IP:8999
+```
+
+Use the administrator credentials printed by the installer for the first login. In production, restrict access at the firewall or reverse proxy layer and change the default username and password as soon as possible.
+
+## Uninstall
+
+```bash
+curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MengMengCode/CLICD/main/install.sh | sudo sh -s -- uninstall
+```
+
+Before uninstalling, decide whether you need to keep containers, image cache, database files, or configuration files.

docs/en/guide/introduction.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Introduction
+
+CLICD is a lightweight virtualization management panel for LXC and KVM. It brings common host operations into a web console and CLI, making it suitable for small VPS nodes, dedicated servers, and scenarios where container access needs to be distributed in batches.
+
+## Core Capabilities
+
+- Manage LXC containers and KVM virtual machines.
+- Create, start, stop, restart, reinstall, and delete containers.
+- Configure CPU, memory, disk, traffic limits, and expiration time.
+- Manage NAT4 port mappings, public IPv4 assignment, and public IPv6 assignment when the host network supports it.
+- Open WebSSH or WebVNC from the browser.
+- Manage image downloads, enablement, and local cache.
+- Create, restore, and delete snapshots, plus scheduled snapshots and quotas.
+- Generate security alerts based on connection behavior and keep audit logs.
+- Create sub-user access links for specific containers.
+- Integrate automation through API keys and `/api/v1`.
+
+## Use Cases
+
+- Quickly allocate multiple Linux containers on one host.
+- Give users temporary access to a container console, SSH, VNC, or NAT port management.
+- Automate container creation, resource changes, password resets, or resource cleanup through the API.
+- Use a panel that is clearer than pure CLI workflows without becoming a heavy platform.
+
+## Tech Stack
+
+- Backend: Go, `net/http`, SQLite, systemd, LXC, KVM/libvirt, cgroup v2, iptables, conntrack.
+- Frontend: React, TypeScript, Vite, Tailwind CSS, lucide-react, xterm.js, noVNC.
+- Release: GitHub Actions builds Linux AMD64/ARM64 release artifacts. The installer fetches the latest release by default.

docs/en/guide/quick-start.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Quick Start
+
+This is a common path from a fresh installation to your first container.
+
+## 1. Log In
+
+Open `http://YOUR_SERVER_IP:8999` and sign in with the administrator account.
+
+After entering the panel, check:
+
+- Whether the dashboard shows host resources.
+- Whether Image Management can list templates.
+- Whether NAT and IPv6 status in Routing match your host network.
+
+## 2. Download an Image
+
+Open Image Management, choose a template, and download it. On small hosts, lightweight images such as Alpine or Debian are a good first choice.
+
+Image downloads run asynchronously. You can watch progress in the task queue.
+
+## 3. Create a Container
+
+Open Container Management and click Create:
+
+- Select virtualization type and template.
+- Set CPU, memory, and disk.
+- Set traffic limits and expiration time.
+- If external access is required, add NAT port mappings or assign IPv6 from the container details page after creation.
+
+## 4. Open a Terminal
+
+After the container is created, open WebSSH from the details page. KVM virtual machines can use WebVNC for console access.
+
+## 5. Share with a Sub-user
+
+If another user needs to manage a container, create an access link in Sub-user Management. The sub-user only sees authorized containers and is limited by the operation scope configured by the administrator.

docs/en/guide/upgrade.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Upgrade
+
+The CLICD installer and CLI are built around GitHub Release artifacts. Before upgrading, check the current version and back up configuration and database files.
+
+## Check the Version
+
+The current version is shown at the bottom of the web panel sidebar. You can also run:
+
+```bash
+curl http://127.0.0.1:8999/api/version
+```
+
+Example response:
+
+```json
+{
+  "success": true,
+  "data": {
+    "version": "1.1.6"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Upgrade with the Installer
+
+The installer uses the latest release by default:
+
+```bash
+curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MengMengCode/CLICD/main/install.sh | sudo sh
+```
+
+Install a specific version:
+
+```bash
+curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MengMengCode/CLICD/main/install.sh | sudo CLICD_VERSION=v1.1.6 sh
+```
+
+## Pre-upgrade Checklist
+
+- Back up `/root/.clicd/` or the actual configuration directory.
+- Make sure no critical tasks are currently running.
+- If an image download or snapshot restore is running, wait for it to finish first.
+- After upgrading, check `systemctl status clicd` and the version shown in the web panel.

docs/en/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+layout: home
+
+hero:
+  name: CLICD
+  text: Lightweight LXC/KVM Virtualization Panel
+  tagline: Web console, CLI, container orchestration, NAT/IPv4/IPv6 routing, snapshots, security alerts, sub-users, and API automation.
+  actions:
+    - theme: brand
+      text: Install
+      link: /en/guide/installation
+    - theme: alt
+      text: API Reference
+      link: /en/features/api
+
+features:
+  - title: Built for Small Hosts
+    details: Manage LXC containers and KVM virtual machines on a single VPS or dedicated server.
+  - title: Web and CLI Together
+    details: Use the web panel for daily operations, or drop into the clicd CLI for maintenance tasks.
+  - title: Automation Friendly
+    details: /api/v1 exposes containers, images, snapshots, security, logs, sub-users, and API key management.
+---

docs/en/operations/deployment.md

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Deployment
+
+CLICD can run directly on the host or behind a reverse proxy. In production, set up access control before exposing it to administrators.
+
+## Service Exposure
+
+The default web port is `8999`:
+
+```text
+http://YOUR_SERVER_IP:8999
+```
+
+Recommendations:
+
+- Allow only fixed administrator IPs.
+- Use a reverse proxy with HTTPS.
+- Do not expose the real login URL in public docs or screenshots.
+
+## systemd
+
+Common commands:
+
+```bash
+systemctl status clicd
+systemctl restart clicd
+systemctl enable clicd
+journalctl -u clicd -f
+```
+
+## Firewall
+
+At minimum, confirm:
+
+- The panel port is open only to trusted sources.
+- NAT mapped ports are opened only as needed.
+- The SSH management port does not conflict with container mappings.
+- IPv6 firewall rules are planned together with IPv4 rules.
+
+## Backups
+
+Back up regularly:
+
+- CLICD configuration directory.
+- SQLite database.
+- Container configuration.
+- Snapshots or external data backups for important containers.

docs/en/operations/faq.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# FAQ
+
+## Which version does the installer install by default?
+
+It installs the latest version from GitHub Releases. The script default is `CLICD_VERSION=latest`, which downloads the Linux AMD64 or ARM64 artifact from `releases/latest` according to the host architecture.
+
+## Can I pin a specific version?
+
+Yes:
+
+```bash
+curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MengMengCode/CLICD/main/install.sh | sudo CLICD_VERSION=v1.1.6 sh
+```
+
+## Can sub-users see every container?
+
+No. Sub-users only see containers authorized by the administrator.
+
+## Is an API key the same as the login password?
+
+No. API keys are created on the API Integration page for programmatic access. The login password is used for the web panel.
+
+## What happens after a container reaches its traffic limit?
+
+The container is automatically shut down to avoid further overage. The administrator can adjust the limit or reset traffic usage.
+
+## Why is IPv6 unreachable after assignment?
+
+IPv6 reachability depends on the host and upstream network. Confirm that the host has a routable IPv6 prefix and that routing, firewall, neighbor discovery, or proxy configuration is correct.

docs/en/operations/troubleshooting.md

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Troubleshooting
+
+## Service Not Reachable
+
+Check service status:
+
+```bash
+systemctl status clicd
+journalctl -u clicd -n 100 --no-pager
+```
+
+Check port listening:
+
+```bash
+ss -lntp | grep 8999
+```
+
+If a reverse proxy is used, check proxy logs and upstream address settings as well.
+
+## Image Download Failed
+
+- Make sure the host can access image sources and GitHub Releases.
+- Check disk space.
+- Review the failure reason in the task queue.
+- If a download is stuck, cancel it and start again.
+
+## Container Cannot Access the Network
+
+- Check host NAT and forwarding rules.
+- Confirm that the container IP was assigned successfully.
+- Check whether the firewall is blocking forwarded traffic.
+- For IPv6, confirm that the upstream network routes the prefix to the host.
+
+## WebSSH or WebVNC Connection Failed
+
+- Confirm that the container or virtual machine is running.
+- WebSSH requires SSH service inside the container.
+- WebVNC requires the KVM console to be reachable.
+- Tickets expire quickly. Create a new ticket after expiration.
+
+## API Returns Unauthorized
+
+- Confirm that the API key is not disabled.
+- Use `X-API-Key` or `Authorization: Bearer`.
+- Confirm that the key scope covers the target endpoint.
+- Do not use the panel login password as an API key.

docs/features/api.md

@@ -0,0 +1,858 @@
+# API 集成
+
+CLICD 继续兼容旧版 `/api` 接口，已有对接无需修改。新接入推荐使用 `/api/v1` 接口，下面的清单均为 v1；容器列表推荐 `GET /api/v1/containers`。
+
+## 认证
+
+API Key 可在“API 集成”页面创建和管理。请求时支持两种写法：
+
+```bash
+curl -H "X-API-Key: YOUR_API_KEY" https://panel.example.com/api/v1/containers
+```
+
+```bash
+curl -H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_API_KEY" https://panel.example.com/api/v1/dashboard
+```
+
+## 响应结构
+
+所有接口保持统一响应包裹：
+
+```json
+{
+  "success": true,
+  "message": "OK",
+  "data": {}
+}
+```
+
+对接时建议只读取业务所需字段。新增能力会优先追加可选字段，不会要求已有插件改掉现有字段名。
+
+## 创建与重装
+
+创建容器、批量创建、重装和批量重装已支持 NAT、公网 IPv4、IPv6 混合网络，以及 Linux SSH 登录方式配置。公网 IPv4/IPv6 地址池可通过 `GET /api/v1/routing` 查看，并可通过 `PUT /api/v1/routing` 更新。
+
+创建容器示例：
+
+```json
+{
+  "name": "demo-lxc-01",
+  "virtualization": "lxc",
+  "template_id": "debian-bookworm",
+  "vcpu": 1,
+  "ram_mb": 512,
+  "disk_gb": 10,
+  "assign_nat": true,
+  "port_mapping_count": 2,
+  "assign_ipv4": false,
+  "ipv4_count": 1,
+  "public_ipv4s": [],
+  "assign_ipv6": true,
+  "ipv6_count": 1,
+  "ipv6_addresses": [],
+  "ssh_auth_mode": "auto_password",
+  "ssh_password": "",
+  "ssh_public_key": "",
+  "expires_at": "",
+  "network_down_mbps": 100,
+  "network_up_mbps": 50,
+  "io_read_mbps": 120,
+  "io_write_mbps": 80
+}
+```
+
+字段说明：
+
+| 字段 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- |
+| `assign_nat` | 是否分配 NAT 端口映射；不传时保持默认 NAT 行为。 |
+| `assign_ipv4` | 是否分配公网 IPv4。 |
+| `ipv4_count` | 自动分配公网 IPv4 数量。 |
+| `public_ipv4s` | 指定公网 IPv4 地址列表。 |
+| `assign_ipv6` | 是否分配 IPv6。 |
+| `ipv6_count` | 自动分配 IPv6 数量。 |
+| `ipv6_addresses` | 指定 IPv6 地址列表。 |
+| `ssh_auth_mode` | Linux 创建支持 `auto_password`、`password`、`key`；重装额外支持 `keep`。 |
+| `ssh_password` | `password` 模式下的自定义密码；8-64 位，至少包含字母和数字，不能包含空白字符。 |
+| `ssh_public_key` | `key` 模式下的一行 SSH 公钥。 |
+| `network_down_mbps` | 可选；容器下行/下载带宽限制，单位 Mbps，`0` 表示不限制。 |
+| `network_up_mbps` | 可选；容器上行/上传带宽限制，单位 Mbps，`0` 表示不限制。 |
+| `io_read_mbps` | 可选；磁盘读取限速，单位 MB/s，`0` 表示不限制。 |
+| `io_write_mbps` | 可选；磁盘写入限速，单位 MB/s，`0` 表示不限制。 |
+| `network_bw_mbps` | 兼容旧字段；同时设置上下行对称带宽，新接入推荐使用拆分字段。 |
+| `io_speed_mbps` | 兼容旧字段；同时设置读写对称 IO 限速，新接入推荐使用拆分字段。 |
+
+重装示例：
+
+```json
+{
+  "template_id": "debian-bookworm",
+  "ssh_auth_mode": "keep",
+  "ssh_password": "",
+  "ssh_public_key": ""
+}
+```
+
+`keep` 仅用于重装，表示沿用当前 SSH 密码。Windows KVM 镜像会忽略 Linux SSH 公钥相关字段。
+
+## 资源限制与流量限制
+
+`PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/resource-limit` 支持按字段局部更新；未传的字段保持不变。
+
+```json
+{
+  "vcpu": 2,
+  "ram_mb": 1024,
+  "network_down_mbps": 100,
+  "network_up_mbps": 50,
+  "io_read_mbps": 120,
+  "io_write_mbps": 80
+}
+```
+
+旧版 `network_bw_mbps` 和 `io_speed_mbps` 仍可用，分别表示上下行对称带宽和读写对称 IO 限速。新接入建议使用拆分字段，以便分别控制下载/上传和读取/写入。
+
+`PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/traffic-limit` 请求体：
+
+```json
+{
+  "traffic_mode": "total",
+  "monthly_traffic_gb": 1024,
+  "traffic_in_gb": 0,
+  "traffic_out_gb": 0
+}
+```
+
+| 字段 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- |
+| `traffic_mode` | 流量限制模式；常用 `total` 表示总量限制，`split` 表示入站/出站分别限制。 |
+| `monthly_traffic_gb` | `total` 模式下的月总流量额度，单位 GB；`0` 表示不限制。 |
+| `traffic_in_gb` | `split` 模式下的月入站额度，单位 GB；`0` 表示不限制。 |
+| `traffic_out_gb` | `split` 模式下的月出站额度，单位 GB；`0` 表示不限制。 |
+
+## 容器防火墙
+
+容器防火墙通过 `GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall` 读取，通过 `PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall` 更新。容器运行中更新时会立即应用规则。
+
+更新示例：
+
+```json
+{
+  "enabled": true,
+  "default_action": "DROP",
+  "rules": [
+    {
+      "direction": "in",
+      "protocol": "tcp",
+      "action": "ACCEPT",
+      "network": "ipv4",
+      "source_ip": "203.0.113.0/24",
+      "port": "22,80,443",
+      "description": "allow admin and web"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+| 字段 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- |
+| `enabled` | 是否启用容器防火墙。 |
+| `default_action` | 默认动作：`ACCEPT` 或 `DROP`。 |
+| `rules[].id` | 可选；新规则可省略，后端会自动生成。 |
+| `rules[].direction` | 方向：`in` 或 `out`。 |
+| `rules[].protocol` | 协议：`tcp`、`udp`、`icmp` 或 `all`。 |
+| `rules[].action` | 动作：`ACCEPT` 或 `DROP`。 |
+| `rules[].network` | 网络类型：`ipv4`、`ipv6` 或 `all`。 |
+| `rules[].source_ip` | 可选；源 IP、CIDR 或地址范围。 |
+| `rules[].port` | 可选；仅 `tcp`/`udp` 支持，可写 `22`、`80,443` 或 `8000-9000`。 |
+| `rules[].description` | 可选备注。 |
+
+## API Key 创建与更新
+
+`POST /api/v1/api-keys` 和 `PATCH /api/v1/api-keys/{id}` 使用相同的字段结构。创建时 `name` 必填；更新时根据需要覆盖字段。
+
+```json
+{
+  "name": "Automation",
+  "ip_whitelist": "198.51.100.23,203.0.113.0/24",
+  "scopes": ["dashboard:read", "container:read", "container:power"],
+  "expires_at": "2026-12-31 23:59:59",
+  "disabled": false,
+  "container_uuids": ["00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000005"]
+}
+```
+
+| 字段 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- |
+| `name` | API Key 名称；创建时必填。 |
+| `ip_whitelist` | 可选；允许的来源 IP/CIDR，多个值用逗号分隔；空值表示不限制。 |
+| `scopes` | 可选；权限范围。省略时使用默认只读范围，传 `*` 表示全部权限。 |
+| `expires_at` | 可选；过期时间，空值表示不过期。 |
+| `disabled` | 是否禁用该 Key。 |
+| `container_uuids` | 可选；限制该 Key 只能访问指定容器。 |
+
+## Python 示例
+
+获取容器列表：
+
+```python
+import requests
+
+BASE_URL = "https://panel.example.com"
+API_KEY = "YOUR_API_KEY"
+
+session = requests.Session()
+session.headers.update({
+    "X-API-Key": API_KEY,
+    "Content-Type": "application/json",
+})
+
+resp = session.get(f"{BASE_URL}/api/v1/containers", timeout=15)
+resp.raise_for_status()
+print(resp.json())
+```
+
+创建端口映射：
+
+```python
+import requests
+
+BASE_URL = "https://panel.example.com"
+API_KEY = "YOUR_API_KEY"
+CONTAINER_ID = "example-vm"
+
+payload = {
+    "protocol": "tcp",
+    "host_port": 18080,
+    "container_port": 80,
+    "description": "web",
+}
+
+resp = requests.post(
+    f"{BASE_URL}/api/v1/containers/{CONTAINER_ID}/port-mappings",
+    headers={"X-API-Key": API_KEY},
+    json=payload,
+    timeout=15,
+)
+resp.raise_for_status()
+print(resp.json())
+```
+
+## 接口清单
+
+### 总览
+
+| 方法 | 路径 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| GET | `/api/v1/dashboard` | 控制面板统计 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/host-info` | 主机资源 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/host-report` | 主机巡检报告 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/routing` | NAT/IPv4/IPv6 路由 |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/routing` | 更新公网 IPv4/IPv6 池 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/routing/ipv4-scan` | 扫描公网 IPv4 段 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/ipv6/status` | IPv6 状态 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/tasks` | 任务队列 |
+| DELETE | `/api/v1/tasks/{task_id}` | 删除任务 |
+
+### 容器
+
+| 方法 | 路径 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| GET | `/api/v1/containers` | 容器列表（推荐） |
+| GET | `/api/v1/containers/list` | 容器列表兼容 GET 写法 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/list` | 容器列表兼容 POST 写法 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers` | 创建容器 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/containers/{id\|uuid\|name}` | 容器详情 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/start` | 开机 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/stop` | 关机 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/restart` | 重启 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/reinstall` | 重装 |
+| DELETE | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/delete` | 删除 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/usage` | 资源用量 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/traffic` | 流量统计 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/traffic-reset` | 重置流量 |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/traffic-limit` | 调整流量限制 |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/resource-limit` | 调整资源限制 |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/expiry` | 调整到期时间 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/reset-password` | 重置 SSH 密码 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/ipv6` | 分配 IPv6 |
+
+### 端口与快照
+
+| 方法 | 路径 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| GET | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/random-port` | 随机可用端口；可传 `host_ip` 查询指定宿主机 IP |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings` | 添加端口映射 |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings/{index}` | 更新端口映射 |
+| DELETE | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings/{index}` | 删除端口映射 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall` | 获取容器防火墙设置 |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall` | 更新容器防火墙设置 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/snapshots` | 快照总览 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots` | 容器快照 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots` | 创建快照 |
+| DELETE | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/{snapshot_id}` | 删除快照 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/{snapshot_id}/restore` | 恢复快照 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/schedule` | 计划快照 |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/quota` | 快照配额 |
+
+### 平台管理
+
+| 方法 | 路径 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| GET | `/api/v1/templates` | 模板列表 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/images` | 镜像管理列表 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/images/enabled` | 已启用且已下载的镜像；支持 `type=lxc\|kvm` |
+| POST | `/api/v1/images/download` | 下载镜像 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/images/cancel` | 取消镜像下载 |
+| DELETE | `/api/v1/images/delete` | 删除镜像缓存 |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/images/toggle` | 启用/禁用镜像 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/security/alerts` | 安全告警 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/security/check` | 立即安全检查 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/security/logs?container={name}` | 安全连接日志 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/security/summary` | 安全汇总 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/security/settings` | 安全设置 |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/security/settings` | 更新安全设置 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/swap` | Swap 信息 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/swap` | 调整 Swap |
+| GET | `/api/v1/language` | 当前面板语言 |
+| POST/PUT | `/api/v1/language` | 更新面板语言 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/ssl` | SSL 设置（需管理员权限 / `admin:access`） |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/ssl` | 更新 SSL 设置（需管理员权限 / `admin:access`） |
+| GET | `/api/v1/webssh-origins` | WebSSH Origin 白名单（需管理员权限 / `admin:access`） |
+| PUT | `/api/v1/webssh-origins` | 更新 WebSSH Origin 白名单（需管理员权限 / `admin:access`） |
+| POST | `/api/v1/batch-create` | 批量创建容器 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/batch-action` | 批量开关机/删除/重装 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/ssh-ticket` | 创建 WebSSH 票据 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/vnc-ticket` | 创建 WebVNC 票据 |
+
+### 账号与日志
+
+| 方法 | 路径 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| POST | `/api/v1/sub-user/create` | 创建子用户链接 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/sub-users` | 子用户列表 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/sub-users/{id}/rotate-password` | 轮换子用户密码 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/sub-users/{id}/audit-logs` | 子用户操作日志 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/sub-users/{id}/login-logs` | 子用户登录日志 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/audit-logs` | 操作日志 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/login-logs` | 登录日志 |
+| GET | `/api/v1/api-keys` | API Key 列表 |
+| POST | `/api/v1/api-keys` | 创建 API Key |
+| PATCH | `/api/v1/api-keys/{id}` | 更新 API Key |
+| DELETE | `/api/v1/api-keys/{id}` | 删除 API Key |
+
+## 返回样例
+
+以下样例按接口路径分组。真实环境中的资源数值、任务 ID、容器 ID、时间、IP 和密钥会不同，示例中的密码、票据和 API Key 均已脱敏。
+
+### 总览
+
+```json
+{
+  "GET /api/v1/dashboard": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "running": 31,
+      "stopped": 0,
+      "total_containers": 31
+    }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/host-info": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "cpu": { "cores": 8, "usage_pct": 1.16 },
+      "ram": { "total_mb": 31825, "used_mb": 1275, "free_mb": 30550 },
+      "disk": { "total_gb": 1750.49, "used_gb": 123.98, "free_gb": 1626.51 },
+      "network": {
+        "public_ipv4": "203.0.113.10",
+        "public_ipv4_interface": "eth0",
+        "public_ipv6": "2001:db8:100::2",
+        "public_ipv6_interface": "eth0"
+      },
+      "load": { "load1": 0.01, "load5": 0.03, "load15": 0.01 }
+    }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/host-report": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "generated_at": "2026-06-12 10:00:00",
+      "summary": { "status": "ok", "warnings": 0 },
+      "host": { "hostname": "node-1", "kernel": "6.8.0" },
+      "resources": { "cpu_cores": 8, "ram_total_mb": 31825, "disk_total_gb": 1750.49 },
+      "network": { "public_ipv4": "203.0.113.10", "public_ipv6": "2001:db8:100::2" }
+    }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/routing": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "nat4": { "used": 62, "remaining": "45474", "total": "45536" },
+      "ipv4": { "used": 1, "remaining": "3", "total": "4" },
+      "ipv6": { "used": 31, "remaining": "large", "total": "large" },
+      "public_ipv4_addresses": [
+        { "address": "203.0.113.10", "interface": "eth0", "prefix_len": 32, "gateway": "203.0.113.1" }
+      ],
+      "ipv4_assignments": [
+        { "container_id": 5, "container_name": "example-vm", "address": "203.0.113.10", "interface": "eth0", "prefix_len": 32, "gateway": "203.0.113.1" }
+      ],
+      "nat4_mappings": [
+        { "container_id": 5, "container_name": "example-vm", "status": "running", "ip": "10.0.0.10", "host_port": 22004, "container_port": 22, "protocol": "tcp" }
+      ],
+      "ipv6_assignments": [
+        { "container_id": 5, "container_name": "example-vm", "address": "2001:db8:100::1005", "prefix_len": 64, "interface": "eth0" }
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/routing": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "ipv4": { "used": 1, "remaining": "3", "total": "4" },
+      "public_ipv4_addresses": [
+        { "address": "203.0.113.10", "interface": "eth0", "prefix_len": 32, "gateway": "203.0.113.1" }
+      ],
+      "ipv6_prefixes": [
+        { "interface": "eth0", "address": "2001:db8:100::2", "prefix": "2001:db8:100::/64", "prefix_len": 64, "gateway": "2001:db8:100::1" }
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/routing/ipv4-scan": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "address": "203.0.113.10", "interface": "eth0", "prefix_len": 32, "gateway": "203.0.113.1", "status": "available", "usable": true, "reason": "" }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/ipv6/status": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "available": true,
+      "reachable": true,
+      "reason": "usable public IPv6 prefix detected",
+      "prefixes": [
+        { "interface": "eth0", "address": "2001:db8:100::2", "prefix": "2001:db8:100::/64", "prefix_len": 64, "gateway": "2001:db8:100::1" }
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/tasks": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": []
+  },
+  "DELETE /api/v1/tasks/{task_id}": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Task deleted"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 容器
+
+```json
+{
+  "GET /api/v1/containers": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      {
+        "id": 5,
+        "uuid": "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000005",
+        "name": "example-vm",
+        "virtualization": "lxc",
+        "template": "debian-bullseye",
+        "vcpu": 1,
+        "ram_mb": 512,
+        "disk_gb": 10,
+        "network_down_mbps": 100,
+        "network_up_mbps": 50,
+        "io_read_mbps": 120,
+        "io_write_mbps": 80,
+        "status": "running",
+        "ip": "10.0.0.10",
+        "ipv6": "2001:db8:100::1005",
+        "ssh_port": 22004,
+        "ssh_password": "***",
+        "port_mappings": [
+          { "container_port": 22, "host_port": 22004, "protocol": "tcp", "description": "SSH" },
+          { "container_port": 20000, "host_port": 20000, "protocol": "tcp", "description": "Port-20000" }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/containers/list": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "id": 5, "uuid": "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000005", "name": "example-vm", "status": "running", "ip": "10.0.0.10" }
+    ]
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/list": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "id": 5, "uuid": "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000005", "name": "example-vm", "status": "running", "ip": "10.0.0.10" }
+    ]
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Container created successfully"
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/containers/{id|uuid|name}": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "id": 5,
+      "uuid": "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000005",
+      "name": "example-vm",
+      "status": "running",
+      "ip": "10.0.0.10",
+      "ipv6": "2001:db8:100::1005",
+      "ssh_port": 22004,
+      "ssh_password": "***",
+      "policy_blocked": false
+    }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/start": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Task queued",
+    "data": { "task_id": "task-10", "container_name": "example-vm", "status": "pending", "action": "start" }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/stop": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Task queued",
+    "data": { "task_id": "task-10", "container_name": "example-vm", "status": "pending", "action": "stop" }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/restart": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Task queued",
+    "data": { "task_id": "task-10", "container_name": "example-vm", "status": "pending", "action": "restart" }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/reinstall": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Task queued",
+    "data": { "task_id": "task-10", "container_name": "example-vm", "status": "pending", "action": "reinstall" }
+  },
+  "DELETE /api/v1/containers/{id}/delete": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Task queued",
+    "data": { "task_id": "task-10", "container_name": "example-vm", "status": "pending", "action": "delete" }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/usage": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "cpu_usage_pct": 0,
+      "cpu_usage_usec": 3908852,
+      "memory_usage_bytes": 29331456,
+      "disk_usage_bytes": 515100672,
+      "network_rx_bytes": 131232,
+      "network_tx_bytes": 16828,
+      "load1": 0.1,
+      "load5": 0.06,
+      "load15": 0.01
+    }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/traffic": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "mode": "total",
+      "limit_gb": 1024,
+      "in_limit_gb": 0,
+      "out_limit_gb": 0,
+      "total_used_bytes": 142082,
+      "rx_used_bytes": 127212,
+      "tx_used_bytes": 14870,
+      "used_pct": 0,
+      "reset_date": "2026-06"
+    }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/traffic-reset": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Traffic reset"
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/traffic-limit": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Traffic limit updated"
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/resource-limit": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Resource limits updated"
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/expiry": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Expiry updated"
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/reset-password": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "SSH password reset successfully",
+    "data": { "password": "***" }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/ipv6": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "IPv6 assigned",
+    "data": { "id": 5, "name": "example-vm", "ipv6": "2001:db8:100::1005" }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 端口与快照
+
+```json
+{
+  "GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/random-port?host_ip=203.0.113.10": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "port": 61320 }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "container_port": 22, "host_port": 22004, "protocol": "tcp", "description": "SSH" },
+      { "container_port": 8080, "host_port": 61320, "protocol": "tcp", "description": "HTTP" }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings/{index}": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "container_port": 8081, "host_port": 61320, "protocol": "tcp", "description": "HTTP" }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DELETE /api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings/{index}": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": []
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "default_action": "DROP",
+      "rules": [
+        { "id": "a1b2c3d4", "direction": "in", "protocol": "tcp", "action": "ACCEPT", "network": "ipv4", "source_ip": "203.0.113.0/24", "port": "22,80,443", "description": "allow admin and web" }
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Firewall updated",
+    "data": { "enabled": true, "default_action": "DROP", "rules": [] }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/snapshots": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": null
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "quota": 1,
+      "schedule": { "enabled": false, "interval_hours": 0, "last_run": "", "next_run": "", "time": "", "created_by": "" },
+      "snapshots": []
+    }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "id": "snap-20260608-001",
+      "container_id": 5,
+      "container_name": "example-vm",
+      "created_at": "2026-06-08 16:00:00",
+      "created_by": "api:Automation",
+      "scheduled": false,
+      "size_bytes": 10485760
+    }
+  },
+  "DELETE /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/{snapshot_id}": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Snapshot deleted"
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/{snapshot_id}/restore": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Snapshot restored"
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/schedule": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "container": { "id": 5, "name": "example-vm", "snapshot_schedule_enabled": true, "snapshot_schedule_interval_hours": 24, "snapshot_schedule_time": "03:00" }
+    }
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/quota": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": {
+      "quota": 2,
+      "container": { "id": 5, "name": "example-vm", "snapshot_limit": 2 }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 平台管理
+
+```json
+{
+  "GET /api/v1/templates": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "id": "ubuntu-noble", "name": "Ubuntu 24.04", "distro": "ubuntu", "release": "noble", "arch": "amd64", "description": "Ubuntu 24.04 LTS" },
+      { "id": "debian-bookworm", "name": "Debian 12", "distro": "debian", "release": "bookworm", "arch": "amd64", "description": "Debian 12 (Bookworm)" }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/images": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "id": "ubuntu-noble", "name": "Ubuntu 24.04", "type": "lxc", "downloaded": true, "enabled": true, "downloading": false, "progress": 0, "size_bytes": 135005452 }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/images/enabled?type=lxc": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "id": "ubuntu-noble", "name": "Ubuntu 24.04", "distro": "ubuntu", "release": "noble", "arch": "amd64", "variant": "default", "description": "Ubuntu 24.04 LTS", "type": "lxc" }
+    ]
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/images/download": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Already downloaded"
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/images/cancel": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Cancel requested"
+  },
+  "DELETE /api/v1/images/delete": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Deleted"
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/images/toggle": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "OK"
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/security/alerts": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": []
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/security/check": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Security check completed"
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/security/logs?container={name}": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": []
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/security/summary": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "critical": 0, "high": 0, "medium": 0, "low": 0, "total_alerts": 0 }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/security/settings": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "auto_shutdown": false }
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/security/settings": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "auto_shutdown": false }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/swap": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "total_mb": 16383, "used_mb": 0, "free_mb": 16383, "enabled": true, "swap_file": "/swapfile" }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/swap": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "SWAP 已调整为 16384 MB",
+    "data": { "total_mb": 16383, "used_mb": 0, "free_mb": 16383, "enabled": true, "swap_file": "/swapfile" }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/language": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "language": "zh" }
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/language": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "language": "en" }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/ssl": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "enabled": true, "mode": "self-signed", "target": "panel.example.com", "detected_host": "panel.example.com", "needs_restart": false }
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/ssl": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "SSL settings saved",
+    "data": { "enabled": true, "mode": "self-signed", "target": "panel.example.com", "needs_restart": true }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/webssh-origins": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "origins": ["https://panel.example.com"], "current_origin": "https://panel.example.com" }
+  },
+  "PUT /api/v1/webssh-origins": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Origin allowlist saved",
+    "data": { "origins": ["https://panel.example.com"], "current_origin": "https://panel.example.com" }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/batch-create": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": ["task-12"]
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/batch-action": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": ["task-13"]
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/ssh-ticket": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "ticket": "***60秒有效票据***" }
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/vnc-ticket": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "ticket": "***60秒有效票据***" }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 账号与日志
+
+```json
+{
+  "POST /api/v1/sub-user/create": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "Sub-user created",
+    "data": {
+      "id": "sub-xxxxxxxx",
+      "username": "user-xxxxxxxx",
+      "password": "***",
+      "container_names": ["example-vm"],
+      "access_code": "********",
+      "created_at": "2026-06-08 16:00:00"
+    }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/sub-users": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": []
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/sub-users/{id}/rotate-password": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "username": "user-xxxxxxxx", "password": "***", "access_code": "********" }
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/sub-users/{id}/audit-logs": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": []
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/sub-users/{id}/login-logs": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": []
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/audit-logs": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "time": "2026-06-08 15:44:40", "action": "apikey.create", "target": "Test", "detail": "scopes=*", "user": "admin", "success": true }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/login-logs": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "time": "2026-06-08 08:24:00 UTC", "username": "admin", "ip": "198.51.100.23", "user_agent": "Mozilla/5.0 ...", "success": true }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GET /api/v1/api-keys": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": [
+      { "id": "c271023f", "name": "Test", "prefix": "clicd_sk_dd9d...", "ip_whitelist": "", "created_at": "2026-06-08 15:44:40", "last_used": "2026-06-08 15:46:10", "scopes": ["*"], "expires_at": "", "disabled": false, "container_uuids": [], "last_used_ip": "198.51.100.23" }
+    ]
+  },
+  "POST /api/v1/api-keys": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "API key created. Save this key now - it won't be shown again.",
+    "data": { "id": "a1b2c3d4", "name": "Automation", "key": "clicd_sk_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", "prefix": "clicd_sk_xxxx...", "ip_whitelist": "198.51.100.23", "scopes": ["dashboard:read", "container:read"], "expires_at": "2026-12-31 23:59:59", "disabled": false, "container_uuids": ["00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000005"] }
+  },
+  "PATCH /api/v1/api-keys/{id}": {
+    "success": true,
+    "data": { "id": "a1b2c3d4", "name": "Automation", "prefix": "clicd_sk_xxxx...", "scopes": ["dashboard:read", "container:read"], "expires_at": "2026-12-31 23:59:59", "disabled": false, "container_uuids": ["00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000005"] }
+  },
+  "DELETE /api/v1/api-keys/{id}": {
+    "success": true,
+    "message": "API key deleted"
+  }
+}
+```

docs/features/containers.md

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# 容器管理
+
+容器管理是 CLICD 的核心模块，覆盖创建、生命周期控制、资源限制、网络映射、流量统计、密码重置和控制台访问。
+
+## 容器列表
+
+列表页用于扫描所有容器状态。管理员可以查看全部容器，子用户只能看到授权范围内的容器。
+
+常见字段包括：
+
+- ID、UUID、名称。
+- 虚拟化类型。
+- 运行状态。
+- IP、IPv6。
+- CPU、内存、磁盘限制。
+- 流量使用量和流量上限。
+- 到期时间。
+
+## 创建容器
+
+创建时需要选择模板，并设置资源配额。批量创建可以通过面板或 API 完成，适合一次性发放多个容器。
+
+```http
+POST /api/v1/containers
+POST /api/v1/batch-create
+```
+
+Linux 容器和 Linux KVM 虚拟机创建时支持配置 SSH 登录方式：
+
+- `auto_password`：自动生成 root SSH 密码。
+- `password`：使用自定义 `ssh_password`。
+- `key`：写入一行 `ssh_public_key`，仍会保留可用于 WebSSH 的密码。
+
+网络分配可以按需组合 NAT、公网 IPv4 和 IPv6。API 字段保持为 `assign_nat`、`assign_ipv4`、`public_ipv4s`、`assign_ipv6`、`ipv6_addresses` 等可选字段，未传时沿用默认行为。
+
+## 生命周期操作
+
+```http
+POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/start
+POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/stop
+POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/restart
+POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/reinstall
+DELETE /api/v1/containers/{id}/delete
+```
+
+开关机、重装、删除等操作会进入任务队列。调用后可通过 `GET /api/v1/tasks` 查看执行状态。
+
+重装 Linux 系统时可传 `ssh_auth_mode`、`ssh_password`、`ssh_public_key`。`ssh_auth_mode=keep` 表示沿用当前 SSH 密码；不传这些字段时保持旧行为。
+
+## 资源与流量
+
+容器详情页支持查看资源用量，调整流量限制、资源限制和到期时间。
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/usage
+GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/traffic
+POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/traffic-reset
+PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/traffic-limit
+PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/resource-limit
+PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/expiry
+```
+
+## NAT 端口管理
+
+容器详情页的 NAT 端口管理支持新增、编辑和删除映射。新增和编辑会在弹窗里完成，便于集中填写名称、协议、外部端口和内部端口。
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/random-port
+POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings
+PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings/{index}
+DELETE /api/v1/containers/{id}/port-mappings/{index}
+```
+
+子用户模式下，管理员可限制子用户只能调整内部端口，避免修改宿主机对外端口和协议。
+
+## 远程控制台
+
+```http
+POST /api/v1/ssh-ticket
+POST /api/v1/vnc-ticket
+```
+
+票据只适合短时间使用，返回后应立即用于 WebSSH 或 WebVNC 连接，不要持久化保存。

docs/features/dashboard.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# 控制面板
+
+控制面板用于查看宿主机和虚拟化资源的整体状态。
+
+## 统计项
+
+- 容器总数、运行中数量和停止数量。
+- CPU、内存、磁盘、Swap 等资源概览。
+- 主机网络和路由状态入口。
+- 任务队列状态。
+- 安全告警摘要。
+
+## 相关接口
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/dashboard
+GET /api/v1/host-info
+GET /api/v1/routing
+GET /api/v1/ipv6/status
+GET /api/v1/tasks
+```
+
+API 需要携带 API Key：
+
+```bash
+curl -H "X-API-Key: YOUR_API_KEY" https://panel.example.com/api/v1/dashboard
+```

docs/features/host-report.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# 主机报告
+
+主机报告用于汇总宿主机运行环境、资源状态和虚拟化依赖，适合安装后自检、故障排查或给维护人员交付环境信息。
+
+## 查看内容
+
+- 系统版本和内核信息。
+- CPU、内存、磁盘、Swap。
+- 网络状态。
+- LXC/KVM 依赖状态。
+- CLICD 服务状态。
+
+## 相关接口
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/host-report
+GET /api/v1/host-info
+GET /api/v1/swap
+```
+
+对外发送报告前，请先检查是否包含公网 IP、内网网段、用户名、密钥、票据或业务域名。

docs/features/images.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# 镜像管理
+
+镜像管理用于维护可创建容器或虚拟机的模板。
+
+## 支持的模板类型
+
+项目内置了常见 Linux 发行版模板，例如 Debian、Ubuntu、Alpine、CentOS、Fedora、Arch Linux、Rocky Linux 等。KVM 模板会使用对应发行版的云镜像资源。
+
+## 管理动作
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/templates
+GET /api/v1/images
+POST /api/v1/images/download
+POST /api/v1/images/cancel
+DELETE /api/v1/images/delete
+PUT /api/v1/images/toggle
+```
+
+- `templates` 返回可用模板定义。
+- `images` 返回本地镜像状态。
+- `download` 下载指定模板。
+- `cancel` 取消下载任务。
+- `delete` 删除本地镜像缓存。
+- `toggle` 控制模板是否对创建流程可用。
+
+## Windows 镜像说明
+
+本项目不分发 Windows 系统镜像，也不提供绕过或规避 Windows 激活机制的功能。涉及 Windows 的下载链接应指向微软官方资源，使用者需要自行获得合法授权。

docs/features/networking.md

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+# 网络与路由
+
+CLICD 提供 NAT4 端口映射、随机可用端口、公网 IPv4 分配、IPv6 状态检查和 IPv6 分配能力。创建容器时可以只分配 NAT、只分配公网 IPv4、只分配 IPv6，或按需混合使用。
+
+## NAT4
+
+NAT4 用于把宿主机端口转发到容器内部端口。典型用途：
+
+- 转发 SSH。
+- 暴露 Web 服务。
+- 给子用户分配固定外部端口。
+
+端口映射包含：
+
+| 字段 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- |
+| 名称 | 用于识别用途，例如 `ssh`、`web`。 |
+| 协议 | `tcp` 或 `udp`。 |
+| 外部端口 | 宿主机对外监听端口。 |
+| 内部端口 | 容器内部服务端口。 |
+
+## IPv6
+
+IPv6 分配要求宿主机本身拥有可路由 IPv6 地址段，并且系统路由、邻居发现或代理策略配置正确。
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/ipv6/status
+POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/ipv6
+```
+
+如果宿主机没有公网 IPv6 或上游没有正确路由，面板中分配出的地址也无法从公网访问。
+
+## 公网 IPv4
+
+公网 IPv4 分配会从主机检测到的可用公网 IPv4 中选择地址，或使用 API 指定的 `public_ipv4s`。创建容器时可使用：
+
+| 字段 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- |
+| `assign_nat` | 是否启用 NAT 端口映射。 |
+| `assign_ipv4` | 是否分配公网 IPv4。 |
+| `ipv4_count` | 自动分配公网 IPv4 数量。 |
+| `public_ipv4s` | 指定公网 IPv4 地址列表。 |
+| `assign_ipv6` | 是否分配 IPv6。 |
+| `ipv6_count` | 自动分配 IPv6 数量。 |
+| `ipv6_addresses` | 指定 IPv6 地址列表。 |
+
+公网地址池相关接口：
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/routing
+PUT /api/v1/routing
+POST /api/v1/routing/ipv4-scan
+```
+
+## 路由状态
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/routing
+```
+
+该接口用于查看 NAT、IPv6、端口容量等运行时状态。

docs/features/security.md

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+# 安全告警
+
+CLICD 内置基于连接行为的轻量安全告警能力。它不保存完整正常连接日志，而是关注异常行为和高风险模式。
+
+## 覆盖场景
+
+- 端口扫描。
+- 横向扫描。
+- 爆破倾向。
+- SMTP 滥用。
+- UDP 反射风险。
+- 挖矿、代理、VPN、Tor 等可疑端口。
+
+## 接口
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/security/alerts
+POST /api/v1/security/check
+GET /api/v1/security/logs?container={name}
+GET /api/v1/security/summary
+GET /api/v1/security/settings
+PUT /api/v1/security/settings
+```
+
+## 自动关机
+
+安全设置中可配置告警后的自动关机策略。开启前建议先观察一段时间，确认规则不会影响正常业务。
+
+## 日志建议
+
+安全告警适合做风险提示，不应替代专业防火墙、入侵检测或集中日志系统。对公网暴露服务时，仍建议结合安全组、防火墙、Fail2ban 等工具。

docs/features/snapshots.md

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+# 快照管理
+
+快照用于保存容器当前状态，方便在升级、变更配置或交付前回滚。
+
+## 全局总览
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/snapshots
+```
+
+用于查看所有容器的快照概览。
+
+## 容器快照
+
+```http
+GET /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots
+POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots
+DELETE /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/{snapshot_id}
+POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/{snapshot_id}/restore
+```
+
+恢复快照会改变容器状态，生产环境建议先确认当前业务是否可以中断。
+
+## 计划快照与配额
+
+```http
+POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/schedule
+PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/snapshots/quota
+```
+
+计划快照适合长期运行的容器。配额用于避免快照无限增长占满宿主机磁盘。