feat: prepare v0.0.4 storage release

Added upgrade instructions for old version users and removed redundant access troubleshooting note.

.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+.git
+.github
+.gitattributes
+.gitignore
+
+node_modules
+dist
+release
+data
+backend/data
+backend/config.yaml
+config.yaml
+
+*.db
+*.sqlite
+*.sqlite3
+*.log
+*.tmp
+
+tests
+video-site-implementation-plan.md

.github/workflows/docker-build.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+name: Docker
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+    tags:
+      - "v*"
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+env:
+  REGISTRY: ghcr.io
+  IMAGE_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  packages: write
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Set up QEMU
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+
+      - name: Log in to GHCR
+        if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
+          username: ${{ github.actor }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Extract Docker metadata
+        id: meta
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        with:
+          images: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
+          tags: |
+            type=ref,event=branch
+            type=ref,event=tag
+            type=semver,pattern={{version}}
+            type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}
+            type=sha,prefix=sha-
+            type=raw,value=latest,enable={{is_default_branch}}
+
+      - name: Build and push Docker image
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        with:
+          context: .
+          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+          push: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
+          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
+          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
+          build-args: |
+            VERSION=${{ startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') && github.ref_name || '' }}
+          cache-from: type=gha
+          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
@@ -36,8 +38,11 @@ jobs:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
           TAG: ${{ github.ref_name }}
         run: |
-          if gh release view "$TAG" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-            gh release upload "$TAG" release/*.tar.gz --clobber
-          else
-            gh release create "$TAG" release/*.tar.gz --title "$TAG" --notes "Prebuilt Linux release packages."
+          git tag -d "$TAG" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+          git fetch --force origin "refs/tags/$TAG:refs/tags/$TAG"
+          NOTES="$(git tag -l "$TAG" --format='%(contents)')"
+          if [ -z "$NOTES" ]; then
+            NOTES="Prebuilt Linux release packages."
           fi
+          gh release delete "$TAG" --yes >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+          gh release create "$TAG" release/*.tar.gz --title "$TAG" --notes "$NOTES" --verify-tag

Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# ---- Stage 1: Build frontend ----
+FROM node:20-slim AS frontend
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+COPY package.json package-lock.json ./
+RUN npm ci
+
+COPY tsconfig.json vite.config.ts index.html ./
+COPY public/ public/
+COPY src/ src/
+RUN npm run build
+
+# ---- Stage 2: Build backend ----
+FROM golang:1.23-bookworm AS backend
+
+WORKDIR /app/backend
+
+COPY backend/go.mod backend/go.sum ./
+COPY backend/vendor/ vendor/
+COPY backend/cmd/ cmd/
+COPY backend/internal/ internal/
+RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -trimpath -ldflags="-s -w" -o /out/server ./cmd/server
+
+# ---- Stage 3: Runtime ----
+FROM debian:bookworm-slim AS runtime
+
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    ca-certificates \
+    curl \
+    ffmpeg \
+    openssl \
+    python3 \
+    python3-bs4 \
+    python3-lxml \
+    python3-requests \
+    tar \
+    tzdata \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+WORKDIR /opt/video-site-91
+
+COPY --from=backend /out/server ./server
+COPY --from=frontend /app/dist ./dist
+COPY backend/config.example.yaml ./config.example.yaml
+COPY 91VideoSpider/ ./91VideoSpider/
+COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh
+
+ARG VERSION=
+
+ENV VIDEO_CONFIG=/opt/video-site-91/data/config.yaml \
+    VIDEO_FRONTEND_DIR=/opt/video-site-91/dist \
+    VIDEO_GITHUB_REPO=nianzhibai/91 \
+    VIDEO_IMAGE_VERSION=${VERSION} \
+    VIDEO_LISTEN_PORT=9191 \
+    VIDEO_VERSION_FILE=/opt/video-site-91/data/.version
+
+RUN chmod +x ./server /usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh
+
+VOLUME ["/opt/video-site-91/data"]
+EXPOSE 9191
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entrypoint.sh"]
+CMD ["./server"]

README.md

@@ -1,24 +1,61 @@
-## 项目说明
-个人91站<img width="30" height="30" alt="1f913" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/606c8c18-e727-41fd-9431-5a053e416673" />个人91站
-<img width="120" height="120" alt="91" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/5b323c94-bbd3-4dce-bbc8-adc86935b7de" />
-个人91站<img width="30" height="30" alt="1f913" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/606c8c18-e727-41fd-9431-5a053e416673" />个人91站
+# 91
 
-支持115云盘，PikPak云盘作为视频播放后端 ▶
+<p align="center">
+  <img width="120" height="120" alt="91" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/5b323c94-bbd3-4dce-bbc8-adc86935b7de" />
+</p>
 
-采用115云盘和PikPak云盘的302重定向，不占用服务器带宽（也不会受服务器带宽小而影响视频播放体验）✨
-
-服务器只会扫描云盘中的视频文件，给每个视频文件生成封面图和预览片段 📷
-
-你可以通过封面图和预览片段在网站首页快速选择想看的视频 ✅
-
-支持91爬虫，爬取91的本月最热视频 🕷
+<p align="center">
+  😄个人 91 站😄
+</p>
 
 ---
 
+## 项目说明
+
+支持 115 云盘、PikPak 云盘和服务器本地目录作为视频播放后端。
+
+采用 115 云盘和 PikPak 云盘的 302 重定向播放，不占用服务器带宽，也不会因为服务器带宽小而影响视频播放体验。
+
+服务器只负责扫描云盘或本地目录中的视频文件，并给每个视频生成封面图和预览片段。
+
+你可以通过封面图和预览片段，在首页快速选择想看的视频。
+
+支持 91 爬虫，爬取 91 的本月最热视频。
+
+内置两种主题：黑黄主题（91 经典主题）和粉白主题。
+
+支持短视频模式，一键切换成熟悉的抖音模式。
+
+该项目2C2G服务器稳定跑👍👍👍
+
+---
+
+## 预览图
+
+### 电脑端
+
+<p>
+  <img width="49%" alt="91 电脑端首页" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/9808fceb-760b-4dd5-b7d2-8622b95b90d5" />
+  <img width="49%" alt="91 电脑端播放页" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/859db4aa-1fba-44f2-bb46-1db07c2f964f" />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  <img width="49%" alt="91 电脑端主题" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/96bea37a-8764-413e-9b70-1856b4ae0cd2" />
+  <img width="49%" alt="91 电脑端管理页" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/29c1e27a-7651-4dfc-93dd-556331844214" />
+</p>
+
+### 手机端
+
+<p align="center">
+  <img width="1284" height="1134" alt="PixPin_2026-05-29_11-54-12" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/bdb7a86c-a4e5-483e-a307-e02c0bb34dac" />
+</p>
+
+---
 
 ## 快速开始
 
-一键安装脚本
+### 一键安装脚本（推荐）
+
 ```bash
 sudo apt update
 sudo apt install -y curl ca-certificates
@@ -31,7 +68,7 @@ sudo bash install.sh
 - 前台：`http://服务器IP:9191/`
 - 后台：`http://服务器IP:9191/admin`
 
-安装后会自动创建 `91` 指令
+安装后会自动创建 `91` 指令：
 
 ```bash
 91          # 打开管理菜单
@@ -44,23 +81,96 @@ sudo bash install.sh
 
 同时也保留 `video-site-91` 作为同等别名。
 
+**旧版本用户升级说明：**
+
+如果你是在 `v0.0.2` 之前部署的项目，系统里可能还保留旧的 `91` 管理脚本。旧脚本直接运行 `91 update` 可能更新失败。先执行下面的一次性修复命令，后续再使用 `91 update` 即可：
+
+```bash
+curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nianzhibai/91/main/install.sh -o /tmp/install-91.sh
+sudo bash /tmp/install-91.sh update
+```
+
 想换端口：
 
 ```bash
 FRONTEND_PORT=8080 sudo -E bash install.sh
 ```
+
+### Docker Compose 部署
+
+准备目录：
+
+```bash
+mkdir -p video-site-91
+cd video-site-91
+```
+
+创建 `docker-compose.yml`：
+
+```yaml
+services:
+  video-site-91:
+    image: ghcr.io/nianzhibai/91:latest
+    container_name: video-site-91
+    ports:
+      - "9191:9191"
+    volumes:
+      - ./data:/opt/video-site-91/data
+    restart: unless-stopped
+```
+
+启动：
+
+```bash
+docker compose up -d
+```
+
+部署完成后访问：
+
+- 前台：`http://服务器IP:9191/`
+- 后台：`http://服务器IP:9191/admin`
+
+所有配置、数据库、封面、预览、上传文件都会保存在当前目录的 `./data` 里。更新时执行：
+
+```bash
+docker compose pull
+docker compose up -d
+```
+
+查看日志：
+
+```bash
+docker compose logs -f
+```
+
+如果只想下载仓库内置的 Compose 文件：
+
+```bash
+curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nianzhibai/91/main/docker-compose.yml -o docker-compose.yml
+docker compose up -d
+```
+
 ---
 
 ## 数据存放位置
 
-项目会把运行数据保存在本地：
+一键安装脚本会把运行数据保存在宿主机：
 
 - `/opt/video-site-91/config.yaml`：本地配置、管理员账号、网盘凭证。
 - `/opt/video-site-91/data/video-site.db`：SQLite 数据库。
 - `/opt/video-site-91/data/previews/`：本地生成的封面和 teaser。
 
+Docker Compose 部署会把运行数据保存在当前目录的 `./data/`：
+
+- `./data/config.yaml`：本地配置、管理员账号、网盘凭证。
+- `./data/video-site.db`：SQLite 数据库。
+- `./data/previews/`：本地生成的封面和 teaser。
+- `./data/uploads/`：本地上传的视频文件。
+- `./data/spider91/`：91 爬虫本地保存的视频文件。
+
 ---
-## 了解项目更多细节
+
+## 了解更多
 
 根目录 README 只保留项目介绍和最短上手路径。更细的实现、接口、网盘字段和部署方式可以看：
 
@@ -73,4 +183,14 @@ FRONTEND_PORT=8080 sudo -E bash install.sh
 
 这个项目面向个人私有部署。请只接入你有权访问和管理的内容，并遵守对应网盘、站点服务条款以及所在地法律法规。
 
-不要传播，仅限个人使用，个人视频站
+不要传播，仅限个人使用，个人视频站。
+
+---
+
+## 致谢
+
+感谢开源项目 OpenList。
+
+感谢 <a href="https://linux.do/">LinuxDo</a> 社区，学 AI 上 L 站。
+
+感谢 <a href="https://nodeseek.com/">NodeSeek</a> 社区，MJJ 上 N 站。

backend/README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 视频聚合站的 Go 后端。提供三件事：
 
-1. 多家网盘统一抽象（夸克 / 115 / PikPak / 联通沃盘 / OneDrive）
+1. 多家网盘统一抽象（夸克 / 115 / PikPak / 联通沃盘 / OneDrive / 本地存储）
 2. 视频元数据目录（SQLite）+ 扫描 + teaser 预生成
 3. REST API（前台）+ 管理后台 + 直链代理
 4. 标签池、视频隐藏、按网盘统计和详情页来源网盘类型展示能力
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ internal/
     pikpak/                 PikPak（自己实现，参考 OpenList pikpak）
     wopan/                  联通沃盘（壳子 + OpenListTeam/wopan-sdk-go）
     onedrive/               OneDrive（OpenList 在线续期 + Microsoft Graph 文件接口）
+    localstorage/           本地目录扫描（服务器已有视频目录）
   scanner/                  扫目录 → 落库
   preview/                  ffmpeg 抽封面和生成多段 teaser
   proxy/                    /p/stream/*、/p/preview/* 代理
@@ -105,9 +106,10 @@ go run ./cmd/server 后端 9192
 |--------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
 | quark  | `cookie`                                                      |
 | p115   | `cookie`（形如 `UID=...; CID=...; SEID=...; KID=...`）         |
-| pikpak | `username`、`password`，可选 `refresh_token`、`captcha_token`、`device_id`、`platform`、`disable_media_link` |
+| pikpak | `username`、`password`（token、验证码和设备 ID 由服务端自动处理并保存） |
 | wopan  | `access_token`、`refresh_token`，可选 `family_id`              |
-| onedrive | `refresh_token`，可选 `access_token`、`api_url_address`、`region`、`is_sharepoint`、`site_id` |
+| onedrive | `refresh_token` |
+| localstorage | `path`（服务器上的已有视频目录，如 `/mnt/videos`） |
 
 ### PikPak 速度说明
 
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@ go run ./cmd/server 后端 9192
 
 当前服务器同时存在 sing-box TUN 透明代理，PikPak 默认出站会被 `tun0` 接管；但强制直连物理网卡并没有更快，慢速的主要差异来自 PikPak 取链方式。media/cache CDN 节点仍有波动，偶尔可能遇到慢节点；如果播放变慢，可重新获取直链或重新挂载 PikPak 后再测。
 
-OneDrive 按 OpenList 默认方式调用 `https://api.oplist.org/onedrive/renewapi` 在线刷新 token，不需要配置 Azure 应用的 `client_id` / `client_secret` / `redirect_uri`。OpenList 代刷得到的 refresh token 可以直接填到本项目。普通 OneDrive 的 `rootId` / `scanRootId` 可填 `root`；SharePoint 文档库需要额外设置 `is_sharepoint=true` 和 `site_id`。
+OneDrive 按 OpenList 默认应用方式调用 `https://api.oplist.org/onedrive/renewapi` 在线刷新 token，不需要配置 Azure 应用的 `client_id` / `client_secret` / `redirect_uri`。后台新建 OneDrive 时只需要填 OpenList 代刷得到的 `refresh_token`；服务端会默认挂载根目录并自动回写新 token。
 
 ## 文件名约定
 
@@ -128,6 +130,18 @@ OneDrive 按 OpenList 默认方式调用 `https://api.oplist.org/onedrive/renewa
 
 标签分隔符支持 `, ， 、` 和空格。解析结果会和系统标签池匹配，常见番号类噪声会归并到 `AV` 等系统标签，避免把每个番号都变成独立标签。解析结果可在管理后台覆盖。
 
+## 视频去重
+
+项目有三层去重：
+
+1. 同一网盘同一文件按 `(drive_id, file_id)` 形成稳定视频 ID，重复扫描只更新同一行。
+2. 扫描时优先按网盘侧 `content_hash` 去重；没有 hash 时退化为 `file_name + size_bytes`。
+3. 扫描、爬虫、本地上传或服务启动挂载网盘后，后台指纹 worker 会异步读取视频的少量 Range 片段，生成 `sampled_sha256`。前台列表、首页、搜索、推荐会按 `size_bytes + sampled_sha256` 只展示最早入库的 canonical 视频。
+
+`sampled_sha256` 是文件级去重：适合识别同一个视频文件被复制到 115 / PikPak / OneDrive 等不同网盘的情况。它不会删除任何网盘文件，也不用于识别转码、裁剪、加水印后的同源视频。
+
+封面和 teaser 仍然优先生成，不等待指纹完成。夜间流水线最后会做一次重复资产清理：对 `size_bytes + sampled_sha256` 命中的非 canonical 视频，只删除本机生成的重复封面和 teaser，并把对应字段重置为 `pending`。网盘原文件和视频元数据记录不会被删除；如果 canonical 视频以后被移除，这些重复项会重新进入生成队列。
+
 ## 管理能力
 
 - `/admin/drives`：新增、编辑、删除网盘，触发扫描。
@@ -147,7 +161,7 @@ ffmpeg -ss <起点> -headers "UA/Cookie/Referer" -i <直链> \
 
 当前策略是每段固定 3 秒；30 秒以下最多 3 段，30 秒及以上固定 4 段；长视频在 20% 到 80% 区间均匀取段。生成的 teaser 和封面都只保存在本地 `data/previews/`，不会回写到网盘；旧数据中的 `preview_file_id` 会被忽略。
 
-服务启动或网盘重新挂载时，如果 Teaser 开关已开启，后端会把历史 `pending` 任务重新入队，避免重启后长期停在“待生成”。OneDrive 直链生成 teaser 时可能触发 Microsoft 429 限流；后端会识别这类错误并让当前网盘进入冷却期，保留任务为 `pending`，避免连续请求触发更严重限流。
+服务启动或网盘重新挂载时，如果 Teaser 开关已开启，后端会把历史 `pending` 任务重新入队，避免重启后长期停在“待生成”。OneDrive 扫盘和直链生成 teaser / 封面时可能触发 Microsoft Graph 429、`TooManyRequests`、`activityLimitReached` 或 throttled 文本；后端会识别这类错误并让当前网盘进入冷却期，保留任务为 `pending`，避免连续请求触发更严重限流。扫盘阶段会按 `Retry-After` 或默认冷却时间等待后继续当前目录。
 
 前端卡片的 `previewSrc` 统一指向 `/p/preview/<videoID>`，后端只从本地 `preview_local` 文件读取。
 

backend/cmd/server/main.go

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/catalog"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/config"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives"
+	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives/localstorage"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives/localupload"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives/onedrive"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives/p115"
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives/quark"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives/spider91"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives/wopan"
+	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/fingerprint"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/nightly"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/preview"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/proxy"
@@ -39,6 +41,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/spider91migrate"
 )
 
+const fingerprintReconcileInterval = time.Minute
+
 func main() {
 	cfgPath := "./config.yaml"
 	if v := os.Getenv("VIDEO_CONFIG"); v != "" {
@@ -63,12 +67,13 @@ func main() {
 	defer cat.Close()
 
 	app := &App{
-		cfg:              cfg,
-		cat:              cat,
-		registry:         proxy.NewRegistry(),
-		workers:          make(map[string]*preview.Worker),
-		thumbWorkers:     make(map[string]*preview.ThumbWorker),
-		spider91Crawlers: make(map[string]*spider91.Crawler),
+		cfg:                cfg,
+		cat:                cat,
+		registry:           proxy.NewRegistry(),
+		workers:            make(map[string]*preview.Worker),
+		thumbWorkers:       make(map[string]*preview.ThumbWorker),
+		fingerprintWorkers: make(map[string]*fingerprint.Worker),
+		spider91Crawlers:   make(map[string]*spider91.Crawler),
 	}
 	app.proxy = proxy.New(app.registry)
 	app.spider91Migrator = spider91migrate.New(spider91migrate.Config{
@@ -77,7 +82,8 @@ func main() {
 		GetTargetDriveID: func() string { return app.Spider91UploadDriveID() },
 	})
 
-	// 初始化现有 drives
+	// 初始化本地内置盘；外部云盘放到 HTTP 服务启动后异步挂载，避免上游
+	// 登录态校验拖慢端口监听。
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()
 
@@ -86,16 +92,7 @@ func main() {
 	if err := app.attachLocalUpload(ctx); err != nil {
 		log.Printf("[local-upload] attach failed: %v", err)
 	}
-
-	existing, err := cat.ListDrives(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("list drives: %v", err)
-	}
-	for _, d := range existing {
-		if err := app.attachDrive(ctx, d); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("[drive %s] attach failed: %v", d.ID, err)
-		}
-	}
+	go app.runFingerprintReconciler(ctx)
 
 	authr := &auth.Authenticator{
 		Username: cfg.Server.Admin.Username,
@@ -104,6 +101,14 @@ func main() {
 	}
 	setupRequired := config.RequiresAdminSetup(cfg)
 	var setupMu sync.Mutex
+	versionFilePath := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("VIDEO_VERSION_FILE"))
+	if versionFilePath == "" {
+		versionFilePath = filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(cfgPath), ".version")
+	}
+	githubRepo := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("VIDEO_GITHUB_REPO"))
+	if githubRepo == "" {
+		githubRepo = strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("GITHUB_REPO"))
+	}
 
 	apiServer := &api.Server{
 		Catalog:   cat,
@@ -117,8 +122,10 @@ func main() {
 	}
 
 	adminServer := &api.AdminServer{
-		Catalog: cat,
-		Auth:    authr,
+		Catalog:         cat,
+		Auth:            authr,
+		VersionFilePath: versionFilePath,
+		GitHubRepo:      githubRepo,
 		SetupRequired: func() bool {
 			setupMu.Lock()
 			defer setupMu.Unlock()
@@ -230,6 +237,7 @@ func main() {
 		RunSpider91Crawl:      app.runSpider91Crawl,
 		WaitPreviewQueuesIdle: app.waitAllPreviewQueuesIdle,
 		RunMigration:          app.spider91Migrator.RunOnce,
+		RunDedupeAssetCleanup: app.cleanupDuplicateVideoAssets,
 	})
 	go app.nightlyRunner.Run(ctx)
 
@@ -243,6 +251,7 @@ func main() {
 			log.Fatalf("server error: %v", err)
 		}
 	}()
+	go app.attachExistingDrives(ctx)
 
 	// 等待退出信号
 	sigs := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
@@ -262,20 +271,25 @@ type App struct {
 	registry *proxy.Registry
 	proxy    *proxy.Proxy
 
-	mu           sync.Mutex
-	workers      map[string]*preview.Worker
-	thumbWorkers map[string]*preview.ThumbWorker
-	cancels      map[string]context.CancelFunc
+	mu                 sync.Mutex
+	workers            map[string]*preview.Worker
+	thumbWorkers       map[string]*preview.ThumbWorker
+	fingerprintWorkers map[string]*fingerprint.Worker
+	cancels            map[string]context.CancelFunc
 	// spider91Crawlers 按 driveID 索引，每个 spider91 drive 独立一个 Crawler
 	spider91Crawlers map[string]*spider91.Crawler
 
+	// driveAttachMu 串行化云盘挂载/重挂载。挂载会访问上游服务，可能较慢；
+	// 串行化可以避免启动后台挂载和手动扫盘按需挂载同一个 drive 时重复创建 worker。
+	driveAttachMu sync.Mutex
+
 	// 全站主题（"dark" | "pink"），从 DB 读
 	theme string
-	// 显式指定的 spider91 上传目标 drive ID；
-	// 未设置时由 Spider91UploadDriveID() 在所有 pikpak/p115 drive 中自动挑选唯一一个。
+	// 显式指定的 spider91 上传目标 drive ID。
+	// 空字符串表示本地保存不上传，不再自动挑选 pikpak/p115/onedrive drive。
 	spider91UploadDriveID string
 
-	// spider91Migrator 周期把 spider91 视频上传到目标 drive（PikPak 或 115）。
+	// spider91Migrator 周期把 spider91 视频上传到目标 drive（PikPak、115 或 OneDrive）。
 	spider91Migrator *spider91migrate.Migrator
 
 	// nightlyRunner 是凌晨流水线调度器：每天 cron_hour 串行跑扫盘 → 91 爬虫 → 迁移。
@@ -297,6 +311,11 @@ type App struct {
 	// scanQueued 跟踪哪些 driveID 已经排队或正在跑，去重后续重复点击。
 	// 一个 drive 在 scheduleScan 入队时被加入，在 runScan goroutine 结束时被移除。
 	scanQueued map[string]bool
+
+	// fingerprintQueueing 去重每个 drive 的 pending 指纹补队列任务，避免定时
+	// reconcile 和扫盘结束同时为同一批 pending 视频启动多个长时间入队 goroutine。
+	fingerprintQueueMu  sync.Mutex
+	fingerprintQueueing map[string]bool
 }
 
 // teaserEnabledForDrive 查询某个 drive 当前的 per-drive teaser 开关。
@@ -360,43 +379,25 @@ func (a *App) loadTheme(ctx context.Context) {
 	a.mu.Unlock()
 }
 
-// Spider91UploadDriveID 返回当前生效的 spider91 上传目标 drive ID。
-//
-// 解析顺序：
-//  1. 管理员通过 PUT /admin/api/settings 显式设置过 → 验证该 drive 仍存在且是
-//     合法目标盘（pikpak 或 p115）→ 返回该 ID。
-//  2. 否则系统中如果只有一个合法目标盘（即 pikpak drive 数量+p115 drive 数量==1），
-//     自动返回它。这样单网盘场景"开箱即用"。
-//  3. 多个候选并存时返回空串：迁移 worker 静默跳过，等管理员显式指定。
-//
-// 注意"合法目标盘"目前是 pikpak ∪ p115。后续添加新的可上传盘要在两个分支同步加。
+// Spider91UploadDriveID 返回当前配置的 spider91 上传目标 drive ID。
+// 空字符串表示本地保存不上传；只有管理员显式选择 pikpak/p115/onedrive drive 时才迁移上传。
 func (a *App) Spider91UploadDriveID() string {
 	a.mu.Lock()
 	explicit := a.spider91UploadDriveID
 	a.mu.Unlock()
-	if explicit != "" {
-		// 验证显式设置的 drive 仍然存在且 kind 合法；不在则降级到自动选取
-		if d, ok := a.registry.Get(explicit); ok && isSpider91UploadKind(d.Kind()) {
-			return explicit
-		}
+	if explicit == "" {
+		return ""
 	}
-	var found string
-	for _, d := range a.registry.All() {
-		if !isSpider91UploadKind(d.Kind()) {
-			continue
-		}
-		if found != "" {
-			// 多个候选 drive 时不自动选；管理员必须显式指定
-			return ""
-		}
-		found = d.ID()
+	// 验证显式设置的 drive 仍然存在且 kind 合法；不在则视为未配置。
+	if d, ok := a.registry.Get(explicit); ok && isSpider91UploadKind(d.Kind()) {
+		return explicit
 	}
-	return found
+	return ""
 }
 
 // SetSpider91UploadDriveID 设置 spider91 上传目标 drive ID 并持久化。
-// 接受空字符串（清除显式设置，回退到自动模式）。
-// 设置一个不存在或 kind 不是 pikpak / p115 的 drive 会返回错误。
+// 接受空字符串（本地保存不上传）。
+// 设置一个不存在或 kind 不是 pikpak / p115 / onedrive 的 drive 会返回错误。
 func (a *App) SetSpider91UploadDriveID(ctx context.Context, driveID string) error {
 	driveID = strings.TrimSpace(driveID)
 	if driveID != "" {
@@ -405,7 +406,7 @@ func (a *App) SetSpider91UploadDriveID(ctx context.Context, driveID string) erro
 			return fmt.Errorf("drive %q not found", driveID)
 		}
 		if !isSpider91UploadKind(d.Kind()) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("drive %q kind=%s, only pikpak or p115 can be spider91 upload target", driveID, d.Kind())
+			return fmt.Errorf("drive %q kind=%s, only pikpak, p115 or onedrive can be spider91 upload target", driveID, d.Kind())
 		}
 	}
 	a.mu.Lock()
@@ -417,7 +418,7 @@ func (a *App) SetSpider91UploadDriveID(ctx context.Context, driveID string) erro
 // isSpider91UploadKind 是 spider91 迁移目标盘的 allowlist。
 // 与 spider91migrate.adaptUploadTarget 的支持范围保持一致。
 func isSpider91UploadKind(kind string) bool {
-	return kind == "pikpak" || kind == "p115"
+	return kind == "pikpak" || kind == "p115" || kind == "onedrive"
 }
 
 // loadSpider91UploadDriveID 从 DB 读上传目标 drive ID 设置；不存在时使用空串。
@@ -442,9 +443,13 @@ func (a *App) driveGenerationStatuses() map[string]api.DriveGenerationStatuses {
 	for id, worker := range a.thumbWorkers {
 		thumbWorkers[id] = worker
 	}
+	fingerprintWorkers := make(map[string]*fingerprint.Worker, len(a.fingerprintWorkers))
+	for id, worker := range a.fingerprintWorkers {
+		fingerprintWorkers[id] = worker
+	}
 	a.mu.Unlock()
 
-	out := make(map[string]api.DriveGenerationStatuses, len(previewWorkers)+len(thumbWorkers))
+	out := make(map[string]api.DriveGenerationStatuses, len(previewWorkers)+len(thumbWorkers)+len(fingerprintWorkers))
 	for id, worker := range previewWorkers {
 		status := out[id]
 		status.Preview = generationStatusFromPreview(worker.Status())
@@ -455,7 +460,7 @@ func (a *App) driveGenerationStatuses() map[string]api.DriveGenerationStatuses {
 		status.Thumbnail = generationStatusFromPreview(worker.Status())
 		missing, err := a.cat.CountVideosNeedingThumbnail(context.Background(), id)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("[thumb] count missing thumbnails %s: %v", id, err)
+			log.Printf("[thumb] count thumbnail work %s: %v", id, err)
 		} else {
 			status.Thumbnail.QueueLength = missing
 			if missing > 0 && status.Thumbnail.State == "idle" {
@@ -464,6 +469,20 @@ func (a *App) driveGenerationStatuses() map[string]api.DriveGenerationStatuses {
 		}
 		out[id] = status
 	}
+	for id, worker := range fingerprintWorkers {
+		status := out[id]
+		status.Fingerprint = generationStatusFromFingerprint(worker.Status())
+		pending, err := a.cat.CountVideosNeedingFingerprint(context.Background(), id)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("[fingerprint] count pending fingerprints %s: %v", id, err)
+		} else {
+			status.Fingerprint.QueueLength = pending
+			if pending > 0 && status.Fingerprint.State == "idle" {
+				status.Fingerprint.State = "queued"
+			}
+		}
+		out[id] = status
+	}
 	return out
 }
 
@@ -483,7 +502,67 @@ func generationStatusFromPreview(status preview.TaskStatus) api.GenerationStatus
 	return out
 }
 
+func generationStatusFromFingerprint(status fingerprint.TaskStatus) api.GenerationStatus {
+	state := status.State
+	if state == "" {
+		state = "idle"
+	}
+	out := api.GenerationStatus{
+		State:        state,
+		CurrentTitle: status.CurrentTitle,
+		QueueLength:  status.QueueLength,
+	}
+	if !status.CooldownUntil.IsZero() {
+		out.CooldownUntil = status.CooldownUntil.Format(time.RFC3339)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
 func (a *App) attachDrive(ctx context.Context, d *catalog.Drive) error {
+	a.driveAttachMu.Lock()
+	defer a.driveAttachMu.Unlock()
+	return a.attachDriveUnlocked(ctx, d)
+}
+
+func (a *App) ensureDriveAttached(ctx context.Context, driveID string) error {
+	if _, ok := a.registry.Get(driveID); ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	a.driveAttachMu.Lock()
+	defer a.driveAttachMu.Unlock()
+	if _, ok := a.registry.Get(driveID); ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	d, err := a.cat.GetDrive(ctx, driveID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return a.attachDriveUnlocked(ctx, d)
+}
+
+func (a *App) attachExistingDrives(ctx context.Context) {
+	existing, err := a.cat.ListDrives(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[drive] list existing drives: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	log.Printf("[drive] attaching %d configured drive(s) in background", len(existing))
+	for _, d := range existing {
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("[drive] background attach stopped: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		if err := a.attachDrive(ctx, d); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("[drive %s] attach failed: %v", d.ID, err)
+		}
+	}
+	log.Printf("[drive] background attach complete")
+}
+
+func (a *App) attachDriveUnlocked(ctx context.Context, d *catalog.Drive) error {
+	if d == nil {
+		return errors.New("nil drive")
+	}
 	var drv drives.Drive
 	switch d.Kind {
 	case "quark":
@@ -554,6 +633,11 @@ func (a *App) attachDrive(ctx context.Context, d *catalog.Drive) error {
 				_ = a.cat.UpsertDrive(ctx, d)
 			},
 		})
+	case localstorage.Kind:
+		drv = localstorage.New(localstorage.Config{
+			ID:       d.ID,
+			RootPath: d.Credentials["path"],
+		})
 	case spider91.Kind:
 		drv = spider91.New(spider91.Config{
 			ID:      d.ID,
@@ -587,12 +671,14 @@ func (a *App) attachDrive(ctx context.Context, d *catalog.Drive) error {
 	})
 	worker := preview.NewWorker(gen, a.cat, drv)
 	thumbWorker := preview.NewThumbWorker(gen, a.cat, drv)
+	fingerprintWorker := fingerprint.NewWorker(a.cat, drv, fingerprintConfigForDrive(drv))
 
 	workerCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	go worker.Run(workerCtx)
 	go thumbWorker.Run(workerCtx)
+	go fingerprintWorker.Run(workerCtx)
 
-	a.registerPreviewWorkers(ctx, d.ID, worker, thumbWorker, cancel)
+	a.registerPreviewWorkers(ctx, d.ID, worker, thumbWorker, fingerprintWorker, cancel)
 
 	// spider91 driver 还需要一个 crawler，挂在专用 map 里供 crawlerLoop 调用
 	if sd, ok := drv.(*spider91.Driver); ok {
@@ -619,12 +705,14 @@ func (a *App) attachLocalUpload(ctx context.Context) error {
 	})
 	worker := preview.NewWorker(gen, a.cat, drv)
 	thumbWorker := preview.NewThumbWorker(gen, a.cat, drv)
+	fingerprintWorker := fingerprint.NewWorker(a.cat, drv, fingerprintConfigForDrive(drv))
 
 	workerCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	go worker.Run(workerCtx)
 	go thumbWorker.Run(workerCtx)
+	go fingerprintWorker.Run(workerCtx)
 
-	a.registerPreviewWorkers(ctx, drv.ID(), worker, thumbWorker, cancel)
+	a.registerPreviewWorkers(ctx, drv.ID(), worker, thumbWorker, fingerprintWorker, cancel)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -632,6 +720,20 @@ func (a *App) localUploadDir() string {
 	return filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(a.cfg.Storage.LocalPreviewDir), "uploads")
 }
 
+func fingerprintConfigForDrive(drv drives.Drive) fingerprint.Config {
+	cfg := fingerprint.Config{RateLimitCooldown: 5 * time.Minute}
+	if drv == nil {
+		return cfg
+	}
+	switch strings.ToLower(drv.Kind()) {
+	case "p115", "onedrive":
+		cfg.RateLimitCooldown = 10 * time.Minute
+	case "pikpak":
+		cfg.RateLimitCooldown = 5 * time.Minute
+	}
+	return cfg
+}
+
 // spider91RootDir 是所有 spider91 drive 共享的根目录。
 func (a *App) spider91RootDir() string {
 	return filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(a.cfg.Storage.LocalPreviewDir), "spider91")
@@ -716,7 +818,7 @@ func (a *App) attachSpider91Crawler(d *catalog.Drive, drv *spider91.Driver) {
 	}()
 }
 
-func (a *App) registerPreviewWorkers(ctx context.Context, driveID string, worker *preview.Worker, thumbWorker *preview.ThumbWorker, cancel context.CancelFunc) {
+func (a *App) registerPreviewWorkers(ctx context.Context, driveID string, worker *preview.Worker, thumbWorker *preview.ThumbWorker, fingerprintWorker *fingerprint.Worker, cancel context.CancelFunc) {
 	a.mu.Lock()
 	if a.cancels == nil {
 		a.cancels = make(map[string]context.CancelFunc)
@@ -727,6 +829,9 @@ func (a *App) registerPreviewWorkers(ctx context.Context, driveID string, worker
 	if a.thumbWorkers == nil {
 		a.thumbWorkers = make(map[string]*preview.ThumbWorker)
 	}
+	if a.fingerprintWorkers == nil {
+		a.fingerprintWorkers = make(map[string]*fingerprint.Worker)
+	}
 	if old, ok := a.cancels[driveID]; ok && old != nil {
 		old()
 	}
@@ -740,6 +845,11 @@ func (a *App) registerPreviewWorkers(ctx context.Context, driveID string, worker
 	} else {
 		delete(a.thumbWorkers, driveID)
 	}
+	if fingerprintWorker != nil {
+		a.fingerprintWorkers[driveID] = fingerprintWorker
+	} else {
+		delete(a.fingerprintWorkers, driveID)
+	}
 	if cancel != nil {
 		a.cancels[driveID] = cancel
 	} else {
@@ -747,17 +857,10 @@ func (a *App) registerPreviewWorkers(ctx context.Context, driveID string, worker
 	}
 	a.mu.Unlock()
 
-	if worker != nil {
-		if thumbWorker != nil {
-			worker.BeforeTask = func(taskCtx context.Context) bool {
-				return a.waitForThumbnailsBeforePreview(taskCtx, driveID)
-			}
-		} else {
-			worker.BeforeTask = nil
-		}
-	}
-
 	go a.enqueueDriveGeneration(ctx, driveID, worker, thumbWorker)
+	if fingerprintWorker != nil {
+		a.scheduleFingerprintBackfill(ctx, driveID, fingerprintWorker)
+	}
 }
 
 func (a *App) enqueuePending(ctx context.Context, driveID string, w *preview.Worker) {
@@ -781,45 +884,16 @@ func (a *App) enqueuePending(ctx context.Context, driveID string, w *preview.Wor
 func (a *App) enqueueDriveGeneration(ctx context.Context, driveID string, worker *preview.Worker, thumbWorker *preview.ThumbWorker) {
 	// 封面 worker 始终入队（与早期"全局 preview.enabled=false 时仍然生成封面"
 	// 的行为一致）；teaser worker 仅在该 drive 的 TeaserEnabled 为 true 时入队。
+	// 两条队列互不等待，避免封面批量生成拖住预览视频生成。
 	if thumbWorker != nil {
 		a.enqueueThumbnails(ctx, driveID, thumbWorker)
 	}
 	if worker == nil || !a.teaserEnabledForDrive(ctx, driveID) {
 		return
 	}
-	if thumbWorker != nil && !a.waitForThumbnailsBeforePreview(ctx, driveID) {
-		return
-	}
 	a.enqueuePending(ctx, driveID, worker)
 }
 
-func (a *App) waitForThumbnailsBeforePreview(ctx context.Context, driveID string) bool {
-	const pollInterval = time.Second
-	var lastLog time.Time
-	for {
-		missing, err := a.cat.CountVideosNeedingThumbnail(ctx, driveID)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("[preview] count missing thumbnails drive=%s: %v", driveID, err)
-			return false
-		}
-		if missing == 0 {
-			return true
-		}
-		now := time.Now()
-		if lastLog.IsZero() || now.Sub(lastLog) >= time.Minute {
-			log.Printf("[preview] drive=%s waiting for %d thumbnails before teaser generation", driveID, missing)
-			lastLog = now
-		}
-		timer := time.NewTimer(pollInterval)
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			timer.Stop()
-			return false
-		case <-timer.C:
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func (a *App) enqueueThumbnails(ctx context.Context, driveID string, w *preview.ThumbWorker) {
 	pending, err := a.cat.ListVideosNeedingThumbnail(ctx, driveID, 0)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -829,10 +903,81 @@ func (a *App) enqueueThumbnails(ctx context.Context, driveID string, w *preview.
 	if len(pending) == 0 {
 		return
 	}
-	log.Printf("[thumb] enqueue %d missing thumbnails for drive=%s", len(pending), driveID)
+	log.Printf("[thumb] enqueue %d thumbnail/duration tasks for drive=%s", len(pending), driveID)
 	for _, v := range pending {
 		if !w.EnqueueBlocking(ctx, v) {
-			log.Printf("[thumb] enqueue missing thumbnails canceled for drive=%s", driveID)
+			log.Printf("[thumb] enqueue thumbnail/duration tasks canceled for drive=%s", driveID)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (a *App) runFingerprintReconciler(ctx context.Context) {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(fingerprintReconcileInterval)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			a.enqueueAllPendingFingerprints(ctx)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (a *App) enqueueAllPendingFingerprints(ctx context.Context) {
+	a.mu.Lock()
+	workers := make(map[string]*fingerprint.Worker, len(a.fingerprintWorkers))
+	for id, worker := range a.fingerprintWorkers {
+		workers[id] = worker
+	}
+	a.mu.Unlock()
+	for driveID, worker := range workers {
+		a.scheduleFingerprintBackfill(ctx, driveID, worker)
+	}
+}
+
+func (a *App) scheduleFingerprintBackfill(ctx context.Context, driveID string, w *fingerprint.Worker) {
+	if w == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	a.fingerprintQueueMu.Lock()
+	if a.fingerprintQueueing == nil {
+		a.fingerprintQueueing = make(map[string]bool)
+	}
+	if a.fingerprintQueueing[driveID] {
+		a.fingerprintQueueMu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	a.fingerprintQueueing[driveID] = true
+	a.fingerprintQueueMu.Unlock()
+
+	go func() {
+		defer func() {
+			a.fingerprintQueueMu.Lock()
+			delete(a.fingerprintQueueing, driveID)
+			a.fingerprintQueueMu.Unlock()
+		}()
+		a.enqueueFingerprints(ctx, driveID, w)
+	}()
+}
+
+func (a *App) enqueueFingerprints(ctx context.Context, driveID string, w *fingerprint.Worker) {
+	if w == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	pending, err := a.cat.ListVideosNeedingFingerprint(ctx, driveID, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[fingerprint] list pending %s: %v", driveID, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if len(pending) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	log.Printf("[fingerprint] enqueue %d videos for drive=%s", len(pending), driveID)
+	for _, v := range pending {
+		if !w.EnqueueBlocking(ctx, v) {
+			log.Printf("[fingerprint] enqueue canceled for drive=%s", driveID)
 			return
 		}
 	}
@@ -847,6 +992,7 @@ func (a *App) detachDrive(id string) {
 	}
 	delete(a.workers, id)
 	delete(a.thumbWorkers, id)
+	delete(a.fingerprintWorkers, id)
 	delete(a.spider91Crawlers, id)
 	a.mu.Unlock()
 }
@@ -941,6 +1087,10 @@ func (a *App) runScan(ctx context.Context, driveID string) {
 	a.scanGlobalMu.Lock()
 	defer a.scanGlobalMu.Unlock()
 
+	if err := a.ensureDriveAttached(ctx, driveID); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[scan] drive %s attach failed: %v", driveID, err)
+		return
+	}
 	drv, ok := a.registry.Get(driveID)
 	if !ok {
 		log.Printf("[scan] drive %s not attached", driveID)
@@ -950,14 +1100,15 @@ func (a *App) runScan(ctx context.Context, driveID string) {
 	a.mu.Lock()
 	worker := a.workers[driveID]
 	thumbWorker := a.thumbWorkers[driveID]
+	fingerprintWorker := a.fingerprintWorkers[driveID]
 	a.mu.Unlock()
 
-	var onNew func(v *catalog.Video)
-	if thumbWorker != nil {
-		onNew = func(v *catalog.Video) {
-			if thumbWorker != nil && v.ThumbnailURL == "" {
-				thumbWorker.Enqueue(v)
-			}
+	onNew := func(v *catalog.Video) {
+		if thumbWorker != nil && v.ThumbnailURL == "" {
+			thumbWorker.Enqueue(v)
+		}
+		if fingerprintWorker != nil {
+			fingerprintWorker.Enqueue(v)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1001,6 +1152,7 @@ func (a *App) runScan(ctx context.Context, driveID string) {
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	a.scheduleFingerprintBackfill(ctx, driveID, fingerprintWorker)
 	a.enqueueDriveGeneration(ctx, driveID, worker, thumbWorker)
 }
 
@@ -1071,6 +1223,126 @@ func removeLocalVideoAssets(localDir string, v *catalog.Video) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+type duplicateAssetCleanupStats struct {
+	Candidates       int
+	VideosUpdated    int
+	PreviewFiles     int
+	ThumbnailFiles   int
+	MissingFiles     int
+	SkippedUnsafeRef int
+}
+
+func (a *App) cleanupDuplicateVideoAssets(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if a == nil || a.cat == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	localDir := ""
+	if a.cfg != nil {
+		localDir = a.cfg.Storage.LocalPreviewDir
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(localDir) == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	items, err := a.cat.ListDuplicateAssetCleanupCandidates(ctx, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(items) == 0 {
+		log.Printf("[dedupe-cleanup] no duplicate local assets to clean")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	stats := duplicateAssetCleanupStats{Candidates: len(items)}
+	for _, item := range items {
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		clearPreview, removedPreview, missingPreview, skippedPreview, err := cleanupDuplicatePreviewAsset(localDir, item.PreviewLocal)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("cleanup duplicate preview video=%s canonical=%s: %w", item.VideoID, item.CanonicalID, err)
+		}
+		clearThumb, removedThumb, missingThumb, err := cleanupDuplicateThumbnailAsset(localDir, item.VideoID, item.ThumbnailURL)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("cleanup duplicate thumbnail video=%s canonical=%s: %w", item.VideoID, item.CanonicalID, err)
+		}
+		if skippedPreview {
+			stats.SkippedUnsafeRef++
+		}
+		if removedPreview {
+			stats.PreviewFiles++
+		}
+		if removedThumb {
+			stats.ThumbnailFiles++
+		}
+		if missingPreview {
+			stats.MissingFiles++
+		}
+		if missingThumb {
+			stats.MissingFiles++
+		}
+		if !clearPreview && !clearThumb {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := a.cat.ClearGeneratedAssets(ctx, item.VideoID, clearPreview, clearThumb); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("mark duplicate assets cleaned video=%s canonical=%s: %w", item.VideoID, item.CanonicalID, err)
+		}
+		stats.VideosUpdated++
+	}
+	log.Printf("[dedupe-cleanup] candidates=%d updated=%d preview_files=%d thumbnail_files=%d missing=%d skipped_unsafe_refs=%d",
+		stats.Candidates, stats.VideosUpdated, stats.PreviewFiles, stats.ThumbnailFiles, stats.MissingFiles, stats.SkippedUnsafeRef)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func cleanupDuplicatePreviewAsset(localDir, previewLocal string) (clear bool, removed bool, missing bool, skippedUnsafe bool, err error) {
+	clean, ok := localPathWithin(localDir, previewLocal)
+	if !ok {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(previewLocal) != "" {
+			return false, false, false, true, nil
+		}
+		return false, false, false, false, nil
+	}
+	removed, missing, err = removeRegularFileIfExists(clean)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, false, false, false, err
+	}
+	return true, removed, missing, false, nil
+}
+
+func cleanupDuplicateThumbnailAsset(localDir, videoID, thumbnailURL string) (clear bool, removed bool, missing bool, err error) {
+	if thumbnailURL != "/p/thumb/"+videoID {
+		return false, false, false, nil
+	}
+	clean, ok := localPathWithin(localDir, filepath.Join(localDir, "thumbs", videoID+".jpg"))
+	if !ok {
+		return false, false, false, nil
+	}
+	removed, missing, err = removeRegularFileIfExists(clean)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, false, false, err
+	}
+	return true, removed, missing, nil
+}
+
+func removeRegularFileIfExists(path string) (removed bool, missing bool, err error) {
+	info, err := os.Stat(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return false, true, nil
+		}
+		return false, false, err
+	}
+	if !info.Mode().IsRegular() {
+		return false, false, nil
+	}
+	if err := os.Remove(path); err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return false, true, nil
+		}
+		return false, false, err
+	}
+	return true, false, nil
+}
+
 func localPathWithin(root, path string) (string, bool) {
 	if strings.TrimSpace(root) == "" || strings.TrimSpace(path) == "" {
 		return "", false
@@ -1097,6 +1369,7 @@ func (a *App) enqueueUploadedVideo(ctx context.Context, v *catalog.Video) {
 	a.mu.Lock()
 	worker := a.workers[v.DriveID]
 	thumbWorker := a.thumbWorkers[v.DriveID]
+	fingerprintWorker := a.fingerprintWorkers[v.DriveID]
 	a.mu.Unlock()
 
 	if thumbWorker != nil && v.ThumbnailURL == "" {
@@ -1105,6 +1378,9 @@ func (a *App) enqueueUploadedVideo(ctx context.Context, v *catalog.Video) {
 	if worker != nil && a.teaserEnabledForDrive(ctx, v.DriveID) {
 		worker.Enqueue(v)
 	}
+	if fingerprintWorker != nil {
+		fingerprintWorker.Enqueue(v)
+	}
 }
 
 func (a *App) regenPreview(ctx context.Context, videoID string) {
@@ -1231,26 +1507,36 @@ func (a *App) regenFailedThumbnails(ctx context.Context, driveID string) {
 }
 
 // listScanTargetIDs 返回 nightly Phase 1 应扫描的所有 drive ID
-// （非 spider91、非 localupload）。顺序按 registry.All 给的稳定顺序。
-func (a *App) listScanTargetIDs(_ context.Context) []string {
-	all := a.registry.All()
+// （非 spider91、非 localupload）。它直接读 catalog，而不是 registry，这样
+// 进程刚启动、云盘还在后台挂载时，nightly 也不会漏掉配置过的 drive。
+func (a *App) listScanTargetIDs(ctx context.Context) []string {
+	all, err := a.cat.ListDrives(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[nightly] list scan target drives: %v", err)
+		return nil
+	}
 	out := make([]string, 0, len(all))
 	for _, d := range all {
-		if !shouldScanDrive(d) {
+		if d == nil || d.ID == localupload.DriveID || d.Kind == spider91.Kind {
 			continue
 		}
-		out = append(out, d.ID())
+		out = append(out, d.ID)
 	}
 	return out
 }
 
 // listSpider91DriveIDs 返回 nightly Phase 2 应触发爬取的 spider91 drive ID 列表。
-func (a *App) listSpider91DriveIDs(_ context.Context) []string {
-	a.mu.Lock()
-	defer a.mu.Unlock()
-	out := make([]string, 0, len(a.spider91Crawlers))
-	for id := range a.spider91Crawlers {
-		out = append(out, id)
+func (a *App) listSpider91DriveIDs(ctx context.Context) []string {
+	all, err := a.cat.ListDrives(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[nightly] list spider91 drives: %v", err)
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(all))
+	for _, d := range all {
+		if d != nil && d.Kind == spider91.Kind {
+			out = append(out, d.ID)
+		}
 	}
 	return out
 }
@@ -1258,8 +1544,8 @@ func (a *App) listSpider91DriveIDs(_ context.Context) []string {
 // waitAllPreviewQueuesIdle 阻塞直到所有 drive 的封面 worker 和 teaser worker
 // 队列都为空且无 in-flight 任务。
 //
-// 顺序：先等所有 thumb worker（因为 enqueueDriveGeneration 内部已经先等当前
-// drive 的封面再入队 teaser，但这里是跨 drive 的全局同步），再等所有 teaser。
+// 顺序：先等所有 thumb worker，再等所有 teaser。两个队列生成时互不等待；
+// nightly 只在 phase 边界统一等待它们都 drain。
 // 若 ctx 在等待中被取消（软超时 / shutdown），立即返回 ctx.Err。
 func (a *App) waitAllPreviewQueuesIdle(ctx context.Context) error {
 	a.mu.Lock()
@@ -1309,7 +1595,17 @@ func (a *App) runSpider91Crawl(ctx context.Context, driveID string) {
 	c := a.spider91Crawlers[driveID]
 	a.mu.Unlock()
 	if c == nil {
-		return
+		if err := a.ensureDriveAttached(ctx, driveID); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("[spider91] drive=%s attach failed: %v", driveID, err)
+			return
+		}
+		a.mu.Lock()
+		c = a.spider91Crawlers[driveID]
+		a.mu.Unlock()
+		if c == nil {
+			log.Printf("[spider91] drive=%s crawler not attached", driveID)
+			return
+		}
 	}
 
 	d, err := a.cat.GetDrive(ctx, driveID)
@@ -1356,7 +1652,9 @@ func (a *App) runSpider91Crawl(ctx context.Context, driveID string) {
 	a.mu.Lock()
 	worker := a.workers[driveID]
 	thumbWorker := a.thumbWorkers[driveID]
+	fingerprintWorker := a.fingerprintWorkers[driveID]
 	a.mu.Unlock()
+	a.scheduleFingerprintBackfill(ctx, driveID, fingerprintWorker)
 	a.enqueueDriveGeneration(ctx, driveID, worker, thumbWorker)
 }
 

backend/cmd/server/main_spider91_test.go

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/catalog"
+	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives"
+	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/proxy"
 )
 
 func TestSpider91IntCredFallbacks(t *testing.T) {
@@ -30,3 +34,56 @@ func TestSpider91IntCredFallbacks(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestSpider91UploadDriveIDDoesNotAutoSelectTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	reg := proxy.NewRegistry()
+	reg.Set("p115-one", &spider91UploadTargetFakeDrive{id: "p115-one", kind: "p115"})
+	reg.Set("onedrive-one", &spider91UploadTargetFakeDrive{id: "onedrive-one", kind: "onedrive"})
+
+	app := &App{registry: reg}
+	if got := app.Spider91UploadDriveID(); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("empty upload target selected %q, want local-only empty target", got)
+	}
+
+	app.spider91UploadDriveID = "p115-one"
+	if got := app.Spider91UploadDriveID(); got != "p115-one" {
+		t.Fatalf("explicit upload target = %q, want p115-one", got)
+	}
+
+	app.spider91UploadDriveID = "onedrive-one"
+	if got := app.Spider91UploadDriveID(); got != "onedrive-one" {
+		t.Fatalf("explicit onedrive upload target = %q, want onedrive-one", got)
+	}
+
+	app.spider91UploadDriveID = "missing"
+	if got := app.Spider91UploadDriveID(); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("missing upload target = %q, want empty", got)
+	}
+}
+
+type spider91UploadTargetFakeDrive struct {
+	id   string
+	kind string
+}
+
+func (d *spider91UploadTargetFakeDrive) Kind() string { return d.kind }
+func (d *spider91UploadTargetFakeDrive) ID() string   { return d.id }
+func (d *spider91UploadTargetFakeDrive) Init(context.Context) error {
+	return nil
+}
+func (d *spider91UploadTargetFakeDrive) List(context.Context, string) ([]drives.Entry, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+func (d *spider91UploadTargetFakeDrive) Stat(context.Context, string) (*drives.Entry, error) {
+	return nil, drives.ErrNotSupported
+}
+func (d *spider91UploadTargetFakeDrive) StreamURL(context.Context, string) (*drives.StreamLink, error) {
+	return nil, drives.ErrNotSupported
+}
+func (d *spider91UploadTargetFakeDrive) Upload(context.Context, string, string, io.Reader, int64) (string, error) {
+	return "", drives.ErrNotSupported
+}
+func (d *spider91UploadTargetFakeDrive) EnsureDir(context.Context, string) (string, error) {
+	return "", drives.ErrNotSupported
+}
+func (d *spider91UploadTargetFakeDrive) RootID() string { return "root" }

backend/cmd/server/main_test.go

@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/catalog"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/config"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives"
+	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/fingerprint"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/preview"
+	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/proxy"
 )
 
 func TestRegisterPreviewWorkerBackfillsPendingWhenDriveTeaserEnabled(t *testing.T) {
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ func TestRegisterPreviewWorkerBackfillsPendingWhenDriveTeaserEnabled(t *testing.
 	worker := preview.NewWorker(&serverFakeTeaserGenerator{}, cat, &serverFakeDrive{})
 	go worker.Run(ctx)
 
-	app.registerPreviewWorkers(ctx, "drive-id", worker, nil, func() {})
+	app.registerPreviewWorkers(ctx, "drive-id", worker, nil, nil, func() {})
 
 	deadline := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Second)
 	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ func TestRegisterPreviewWorkerBackfillsPendingWhenDriveTeaserEnabled(t *testing.
 	t.Fatalf("preview status = %q, want ready", got.PreviewStatus)
 }
 
-func TestRegisterPreviewWorkersGenerateThumbnailsBeforePreviews(t *testing.T) {
+func TestRegisterPreviewWorkersRunThumbnailsAndPreviewsIndependently(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()
 
@@ -93,16 +95,18 @@ func TestRegisterPreviewWorkersGenerateThumbnailsBeforePreviews(t *testing.T) {
 
 	seedDriveWithTeaser(t, cat, "drive-id", true)
 	now := time.Now()
-	for _, v := range []*catalog.Video{
-		{ID: "video-1", DriveID: "drive-id", FileID: "file-1", Title: "Clip 1", PreviewStatus: "pending"},
-		{ID: "video-2", DriveID: "drive-id", FileID: "file-2", Title: "Clip 2", PreviewStatus: "pending"},
-	} {
-		v.PublishedAt = now
-		v.CreatedAt = now
-		v.UpdatedAt = now
-		if err := cat.UpsertVideo(ctx, v); err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("seed video %s: %v", v.ID, err)
-		}
+	video := &catalog.Video{
+		ID:            "video-1",
+		DriveID:       "drive-id",
+		FileID:        "file-1",
+		Title:         "Clip 1",
+		PreviewStatus: "pending",
+		PublishedAt:   now,
+		CreatedAt:     now,
+		UpdatedAt:     now,
+	}
+	if err := cat.UpsertVideo(ctx, video); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed video: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	app := &App{
@@ -110,47 +114,234 @@ func TestRegisterPreviewWorkersGenerateThumbnailsBeforePreviews(t *testing.T) {
 		workers:      make(map[string]*preview.Worker),
 		thumbWorkers: make(map[string]*preview.ThumbWorker),
 	}
-	gen := &serverFakeTeaserGenerator{}
+	gen := &serverBlockingThumbGenerator{
+		started: make(chan string, 1),
+		release: make(chan struct{}),
+	}
 	drv := &serverFakeDrive{}
 	worker := preview.NewWorker(gen, cat, drv)
 	thumbWorker := preview.NewThumbWorker(gen, cat, drv)
 	go worker.Run(ctx)
 	go thumbWorker.Run(ctx)
 
-	app.registerPreviewWorkers(ctx, "drive-id", worker, thumbWorker, func() {})
+	app.registerPreviewWorkers(ctx, "drive-id", worker, thumbWorker, nil, func() {})
+
+	select {
+	case got := <-gen.started:
+		if got != video.ID {
+			t.Fatalf("thumbnail started for %q, want %q", got, video.ID)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("thumbnail generation did not start")
+	}
 
 	deadline := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Second)
 	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
-		first, err := cat.GetVideo(ctx, "video-1")
+		got, err := cat.GetVideo(ctx, video.ID)
 		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("get video-1: %v", err)
+			t.Fatalf("get video: %v", err)
 		}
-		second, err := cat.GetVideo(ctx, "video-2")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("get video-2: %v", err)
-		}
-		if first.ThumbnailURL != "" && second.ThumbnailURL != "" &&
-			first.PreviewStatus == "ready" && second.PreviewStatus == "ready" {
-			events := gen.Events()
-			if len(events) != 4 {
-				t.Fatalf("events = %#v, want 4 generation events", events)
-			}
-			for i, event := range events[:2] {
-				if event[:6] != "thumb:" {
-					t.Fatalf("event %d = %q, want thumbnail before previews; all events=%#v", i, event, events)
-				}
-			}
-			for i, event := range events[2:] {
-				if event[:8] != "preview:" {
-					t.Fatalf("event %d = %q, want previews after thumbnails; all events=%#v", i+2, event, events)
-				}
+		if got.PreviewStatus == "ready" {
+			if got.ThumbnailURL != "" {
+				t.Fatalf("thumbnail url = %q, want preview ready while thumbnail is still blocked", got.ThumbnailURL)
 			}
+			close(gen.release)
 			return
 		}
 		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
 	}
 
-	t.Fatalf("generation did not finish, events=%#v", gen.Events())
+	got, err := cat.GetVideo(ctx, video.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("get video after timeout: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("preview status=%q thumbnail=%q, want preview ready before thumbnail finishes", got.PreviewStatus, got.ThumbnailURL)
+}
+
+func TestRegisterPreviewWorkersBackfillsHistoricalFingerprints(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	cat, err := catalog.Open(t.TempDir() + "/catalog.db")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("open catalog: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := cat.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("close catalog: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	dataPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "video.mp4")
+	data := []byte("historical video content for fingerprint")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(dataPath, data, 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write video data: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	video := &catalog.Video{
+		ID:                "historical-video",
+		DriveID:           "drive-id",
+		FileID:            "file-id",
+		Title:             "Historical",
+		Size:              int64(len(data)),
+		FingerprintStatus: "pending",
+		PublishedAt:       now,
+		CreatedAt:         now,
+		UpdatedAt:         now,
+	}
+	if err := cat.UpsertVideo(ctx, video); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed video: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	app := &App{
+		cat:                cat,
+		workers:            make(map[string]*preview.Worker),
+		thumbWorkers:       make(map[string]*preview.ThumbWorker),
+		fingerprintWorkers: make(map[string]*fingerprint.Worker),
+	}
+	drv := &serverFingerprintFakeDrive{path: dataPath}
+	fingerprintWorker := fingerprint.NewWorker(cat, drv, fingerprint.Config{})
+	go fingerprintWorker.Run(ctx)
+
+	app.registerPreviewWorkers(ctx, "drive-id", nil, nil, fingerprintWorker, func() {})
+
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		got, err := cat.GetVideo(ctx, video.ID)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("get video: %v", err)
+		}
+		if got.SampledSHA256 != "" && got.FingerprintStatus == "ready" {
+			return
+		}
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	got, err := cat.GetVideo(ctx, video.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("get video after timeout: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("fingerprint status=%q sampled=%q, want ready with hash", got.FingerprintStatus, got.SampledSHA256)
+}
+
+func TestRunScanStartsFingerprintBeforeThumbnailAndPreviewDrain(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	cat, err := catalog.Open(t.TempDir() + "/catalog.db")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("open catalog: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := cat.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("close catalog: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+	seedDriveWithTeaser(t, cat, "drive-id", true)
+
+	dataPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "scan-video.mp4")
+	data := []byte("scan video content for independent fingerprint")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(dataPath, data, 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write video data: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	drv := &serverScanFingerprintFakeDrive{
+		serverFingerprintFakeDrive: serverFingerprintFakeDrive{path: dataPath},
+		entries: []drives.Entry{{
+			ID:       "file-id",
+			Name:     "scan-video.mp4",
+			Size:     int64(len(data)),
+			ParentID: "root",
+		}},
+	}
+	registry := proxy.NewRegistry()
+	registry.Set("drive-id", drv)
+
+	gen := &serverFakeTeaserGenerator{}
+	worker := preview.NewWorker(gen, cat, drv)
+	thumbWorker := preview.NewThumbWorker(gen, cat, drv)
+	fingerprintWorker := fingerprint.NewWorker(cat, drv, fingerprint.Config{})
+	go fingerprintWorker.Run(ctx)
+
+	app := &App{
+		cfg: &config.Config{
+			Scanner: config.Scanner{VideoExtensions: []string{".mp4"}},
+		},
+		cat:                cat,
+		registry:           registry,
+		workers:            map[string]*preview.Worker{"drive-id": worker},
+		thumbWorkers:       map[string]*preview.ThumbWorker{"drive-id": thumbWorker},
+		fingerprintWorkers: map[string]*fingerprint.Worker{"drive-id": fingerprintWorker},
+	}
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(done)
+		app.runScan(ctx, "drive-id")
+	}()
+
+	videoID := "fake-drive-id-file-id"
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		got, err := cat.GetVideo(ctx, videoID)
+		if err == nil && got.SampledSHA256 != "" && got.FingerprintStatus == "ready" {
+			cancel()
+			select {
+			case <-done:
+			case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+				t.Fatal("scan did not stop after context cancel")
+			}
+			if got.ThumbnailURL != "" {
+				t.Fatalf("thumbnail url = %q, want fingerprint before thumbnail generation", got.ThumbnailURL)
+			}
+			return
+		}
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	cancel()
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("scan did not stop after context cancel")
+	}
+	got, err := cat.GetVideo(context.Background(), videoID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("get video after timeout: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("fingerprint status=%q sampled=%q, want ready before thumbnail/preview drain", got.FingerprintStatus, got.SampledSHA256)
+}
+
+func TestNightlyTargetsComeFromCatalogBeforeDriveAttach(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	cat, err := catalog.Open(t.TempDir() + "/catalog.db")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("open catalog: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := cat.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("close catalog: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	for _, d := range []*catalog.Drive{
+		{ID: "115", Kind: "p115", Name: "115", RootID: "0", TeaserEnabled: true},
+		{ID: "pikpak", Kind: "pikpak", Name: "PikPak", RootID: "0", TeaserEnabled: true},
+		{ID: "91-spider", Kind: "spider91", Name: "91 Spider", RootID: "0", TeaserEnabled: true},
+	} {
+		if err := cat.UpsertDrive(ctx, d); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("seed drive %s: %v", d.ID, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	app := &App{cat: cat}
+	scanIDs := app.listScanTargetIDs(ctx)
+	if len(scanIDs) != 2 || scanIDs[0] != "115" || scanIDs[1] != "pikpak" {
+		t.Fatalf("scan target ids = %#v, want 115 and pikpak from catalog", scanIDs)
+	}
+	spiderIDs := app.listSpider91DriveIDs(ctx)
+	if len(spiderIDs) != 1 || spiderIDs[0] != "91-spider" {
+		t.Fatalf("spider91 ids = %#v, want catalog spider drive", spiderIDs)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestFailedThumbnailsDoNotBlockPreviewGeneration(t *testing.T) {
@@ -205,7 +396,7 @@ func TestFailedThumbnailsDoNotBlockPreviewGeneration(t *testing.T) {
 	go worker.Run(ctx)
 	go thumbWorker.Run(ctx)
 
-	app.registerPreviewWorkers(ctx, "drive-id", worker, thumbWorker, func() {})
+	app.registerPreviewWorkers(ctx, "drive-id", worker, thumbWorker, nil, func() {})
 
 	deadline := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Second)
 	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
@@ -480,6 +671,106 @@ func TestCleanupMissingPikPakVideosRemovesDatabaseRowsAndLocalAssets(t *testing.
 	}
 }
 
+func TestCleanupDuplicateVideoAssetsRemovesOnlyDuplicateLocalAssets(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	localDir := t.TempDir()
+	cat, err := catalog.Open(filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "catalog.db"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("open catalog: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := cat.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("close catalog: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	canonicalPreview := filepath.Join(localDir, "canonical.mp4")
+	duplicatePreview := filepath.Join(localDir, "duplicate.mp4")
+	canonicalThumb := filepath.Join(localDir, "thumbs", "canonical-video.jpg")
+	duplicateThumb := filepath.Join(localDir, "thumbs", "duplicate-video.jpg")
+	for _, path := range []string{canonicalPreview, duplicatePreview, canonicalThumb, duplicateThumb} {
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0o755); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("mkdir %s: %v", path, err)
+		}
+		if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("asset"), 0o644); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("write %s: %v", path, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	now := time.Date(2026, 5, 29, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	for _, v := range []*catalog.Video{
+		{
+			ID:            "canonical-video",
+			DriveID:       "115",
+			FileID:        "file-a",
+			Title:         "Canonical",
+			Size:          2048,
+			ThumbnailURL:  "/p/thumb/canonical-video",
+			PreviewLocal:  canonicalPreview,
+			PreviewStatus: "ready",
+			PublishedAt:   now,
+			CreatedAt:     now,
+			UpdatedAt:     now,
+		},
+		{
+			ID:            "duplicate-video",
+			DriveID:       "onedrive",
+			FileID:        "file-b",
+			Title:         "Duplicate",
+			Size:          2048,
+			ThumbnailURL:  "/p/thumb/duplicate-video",
+			PreviewLocal:  duplicatePreview,
+			PreviewStatus: "ready",
+			PublishedAt:   now.Add(time.Second),
+			CreatedAt:     now.Add(time.Second),
+			UpdatedAt:     now.Add(time.Second),
+		},
+	} {
+		if err := cat.UpsertVideo(ctx, v); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("seed %s: %v", v.ID, err)
+		}
+		if err := cat.UpdateVideoFingerprint(ctx, v.ID, "bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb", "ready", ""); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("fingerprint %s: %v", v.ID, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	app := &App{
+		cfg: &config.Config{Storage: config.Storage{LocalPreviewDir: localDir}},
+		cat: cat,
+	}
+	if err := app.cleanupDuplicateVideoAssets(ctx); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("cleanup duplicate video assets: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, path := range []string{canonicalPreview, canonicalThumb} {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(path); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("canonical asset %s missing: %v", path, err)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, path := range []string{duplicatePreview, duplicateThumb} {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(path); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			t.Fatalf("duplicate asset %s still exists, stat err=%v", path, err)
+		}
+	}
+	dup, err := cat.GetVideo(ctx, "duplicate-video")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("get duplicate: %v", err)
+	}
+	if dup.PreviewLocal != "" || dup.PreviewStatus != "pending" {
+		t.Fatalf("duplicate preview local=%q status=%q, want empty pending", dup.PreviewLocal, dup.PreviewStatus)
+	}
+	if dup.ThumbnailURL != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("duplicate thumbnail url = %q, want empty", dup.ThumbnailURL)
+	}
+	canon, err := cat.GetVideo(ctx, "canonical-video")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("get canonical: %v", err)
+	}
+	if canon.PreviewLocal != canonicalPreview || canon.ThumbnailURL != "/p/thumb/canonical-video" {
+		t.Fatalf("canonical changed: preview=%q thumb=%q", canon.PreviewLocal, canon.ThumbnailURL)
+	}
+}
+
 type serverFakeTeaserGenerator struct {
 	mu     sync.Mutex
 	events []string
@@ -520,6 +811,28 @@ func (g *serverFakeTeaserGenerator) GenerateThumbnail(_ context.Context, _ *driv
 	return "/tmp/" + videoID + ".jpg", nil
 }
 
+type serverBlockingThumbGenerator struct {
+	serverFakeTeaserGenerator
+	started chan string
+	release chan struct{}
+}
+
+func (g *serverBlockingThumbGenerator) GenerateThumbnail(ctx context.Context, _ *drives.StreamLink, videoID string, _ float64) (string, error) {
+	g.record("thumb:" + videoID)
+	if g.started != nil {
+		select {
+		case g.started <- videoID:
+		default:
+		}
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-g.release:
+		return "/tmp/" + videoID + ".jpg", nil
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return "", ctx.Err()
+	}
+}
+
 type serverFakeDrive struct{}
 
 func (d *serverFakeDrive) Kind() string { return "fake" }
@@ -544,6 +857,24 @@ func (d *serverFakeDrive) EnsureDir(context.Context, string) (string, error) {
 }
 func (d *serverFakeDrive) RootID() string { return "root" }
 
+type serverFingerprintFakeDrive struct {
+	serverFakeDrive
+	path string
+}
+
+func (d *serverFingerprintFakeDrive) StreamURL(context.Context, string) (*drives.StreamLink, error) {
+	return &drives.StreamLink{URL: d.path}, nil
+}
+
+type serverScanFingerprintFakeDrive struct {
+	serverFingerprintFakeDrive
+	entries []drives.Entry
+}
+
+func (d *serverScanFingerprintFakeDrive) List(context.Context, string) ([]drives.Entry, error) {
+	return d.entries, nil
+}
+
 type serverLocalUploadFakeDrive struct {
 	serverFakeDrive
 }

backend/config.example.yaml

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ preview:
   width: 480
 
 # 盘列表。上线后请通过管理后台添加，本文件可留空。
-# kind 支持 quark / p115 / pikpak / wopan / onedrive。
+# kind 支持 quark / p115 / pikpak / wopan / onedrive / localstorage。
 # OneDrive 示例：
 # - id: "my-onedrive"
 #   kind: "onedrive"
@@ -67,6 +67,12 @@ preview:
 #   root_id: "root"
 #   params:
 #     refresh_token: "..."
-#     api_url_address: "https://api.oplist.org/onedrive/renewapi"
-#     region: "global"
+# 本地存储示例：
+# - id: "local-media"
+#   kind: "localstorage"
+#   name: "本地视频目录"
+#   root_id: "/"
+#   scan_root_id: "/"
+#   params:
+#     path: "/mnt/videos"
 drives: []

backend/internal/api/admin.go

@@ -5,9 +5,12 @@ import (
 	"database/sql"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"os"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
 
@@ -18,6 +21,13 @@ import (
 type AdminServer struct {
 	Catalog *catalog.Catalog
 	Auth    *auth.Authenticator
+	// VersionFilePath points to the installer-written .version file.
+	VersionFilePath string
+	// GitHubRepo is the owner/name repo used for update checks.
+	GitHubRepo string
+	// ReleaseAPIURL and HTTPClient are injectable for tests. Production code leaves them empty.
+	ReleaseAPIURL string
+	HTTPClient    *http.Client
 	// SetupRequired 表示当前是否仍处于首次部署初始化状态。
 	SetupRequired func() bool
 	// OnSetup 持久化首次部署时设置的管理员账号密码，并更新运行中认证器。
@@ -40,12 +50,12 @@ type AdminServer struct {
 	// Theme 读写（"dark" | "pink"）
 	GetTheme func() string
 	SetTheme func(theme string) error
-	// Spider91 → PikPak 上传目标 drive ID 读写
+	// Spider91 → 115/PikPak 上传目标 drive ID 读写
 	GetSpider91UploadDriveID func() string
 	SetSpider91UploadDriveID func(driveID string) error
 	// OnRunNightlyJob 触发一次完整的凌晨流水线（Phase1 扫盘 + Phase2 91 爬虫 +
 	// Phase3 迁移）。立即返回 —— 实际任务在后台跑，admin 在日志或下次状态查询里
-	// 看进度。重复点击会被 Runner.TryLock 丢弃。
+	// 看进度。若流水线正在跑，Runner 最多保留一个待触发请求，当前轮结束后再跑一轮。
 	OnRunNightlyJob func()
 	// ListDriveDirChildren 列出某个 drive 在 parentID 目录下的直接子目录。
 	// parentID 为空时使用 drive 的 RootID。返回 (子目录列表, error)。
@@ -68,8 +78,9 @@ type GenerationStatus struct {
 }
 
 type DriveGenerationStatuses struct {
-	Thumbnail GenerationStatus `json:"thumbnail"`
-	Preview   GenerationStatus `json:"preview"`
+	Thumbnail   GenerationStatus `json:"thumbnail"`
+	Preview     GenerationStatus `json:"preview"`
+	Fingerprint GenerationStatus `json:"fingerprint"`
 }
 
 func (a *AdminServer) Register(r chi.Router) {
@@ -112,11 +123,25 @@ func (a *AdminServer) Register(r chi.Router) {
 			r.Put("/settings", a.handlePutSettings)
 
 			// 运维任务
+			r.Get("/update/check", a.handleCheckUpdate)
 			r.Post("/jobs/nightly/run", a.handleRunNightlyJob)
 		})
 	})
 }
 
+type updateCheckDTO struct {
+	CurrentVersion string `json:"currentVersion"`
+	LatestVersion  string `json:"latestVersion"`
+	HasUpdate      bool   `json:"hasUpdate"`
+	ReleaseURL     string `json:"releaseUrl,omitempty"`
+	CheckedAt      string `json:"checkedAt"`
+}
+
+type githubReleaseDTO struct {
+	TagName string `json:"tag_name"`
+	HTMLURL string `json:"html_url"`
+}
+
 type loginReq struct {
 	Username string `json:"username"`
 	Password string `json:"password"`
@@ -221,6 +246,91 @@ func (a *AdminServer) handleMe(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"authenticated": ok})
 }
 
+func (a *AdminServer) handleCheckUpdate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	info, err := a.checkUpdate(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		writeErr(w, http.StatusBadGateway, err)
+		return
+	}
+	w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-store")
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, info)
+}
+
+func (a *AdminServer) checkUpdate(ctx context.Context) (updateCheckDTO, error) {
+	current := a.installedVersion()
+	if current == "" {
+		current = "unknown"
+	}
+	release, err := a.latestRelease(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return updateCheckDTO{
+			CurrentVersion: current,
+			CheckedAt:      time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339),
+		}, err
+	}
+	latest := strings.TrimSpace(release.TagName)
+	return updateCheckDTO{
+		CurrentVersion: current,
+		LatestVersion:  latest,
+		HasUpdate:      current != "unknown" && latest != "" && current != latest,
+		ReleaseURL:     release.HTMLURL,
+		CheckedAt:      time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (a *AdminServer) installedVersion() string {
+	path := strings.TrimSpace(a.VersionFilePath)
+	if path == "" {
+		path = ".version"
+	}
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	lines := strings.Split(strings.ReplaceAll(string(data), "\r\n", "\n"), "\n")
+	if len(lines) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(lines[0])
+}
+
+func (a *AdminServer) latestRelease(ctx context.Context) (githubReleaseDTO, error) {
+	url := strings.TrimSpace(a.ReleaseAPIURL)
+	if url == "" {
+		repo := strings.TrimSpace(a.GitHubRepo)
+		if repo == "" {
+			repo = "nianzhibai/91"
+		}
+		url = "https://api.github.com/repos/" + repo + "/releases/latest"
+	}
+	client := a.HTTPClient
+	if client == nil {
+		client = &http.Client{Timeout: 8 * time.Second}
+	}
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return githubReleaseDTO{}, err
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/vnd.github+json")
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "video-site-91")
+	res, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return githubReleaseDTO{}, err
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	if res.StatusCode < 200 || res.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		return githubReleaseDTO{}, fmt.Errorf("github release check failed: HTTP %d", res.StatusCode)
+	}
+	var release githubReleaseDTO
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(&release); err != nil {
+		return githubReleaseDTO{}, err
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(release.TagName) == "" {
+		return githubReleaseDTO{}, errors.New("github release check returned empty tag")
+	}
+	return release, nil
+}
+
 func (a *AdminServer) handleListDrives(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	drives, err := a.Catalog.ListDrives(r.Context())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -237,6 +347,11 @@ func (a *AdminServer) handleListDrives(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		writeErr(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err)
 		return
 	}
+	fingerprintCounts, err := a.Catalog.CountFingerprintsByDrive(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		writeErr(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err)
+		return
+	}
 	generationStatuses := map[string]DriveGenerationStatuses{}
 	if a.GetDriveGenerationStatuses != nil {
 		generationStatuses = a.GetDriveGenerationStatuses()
@@ -259,20 +374,25 @@ func (a *AdminServer) handleListDrives(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		SkipDirIDs []string `json:"skipDirIds"`
 		// LastCrawlAt 是 spider91 上次成功爬取的 unix 秒（来自 credentials.last_crawl_at）。
 		// 其它 kind 留 0；前端用它显示"上次抓取: N 小时前"。
-		LastCrawlAt               int64            `json:"lastCrawlAt,omitempty"`
-		ThumbnailGenerationStatus GenerationStatus `json:"thumbnailGenerationStatus"`
-		PreviewGenerationStatus   GenerationStatus `json:"previewGenerationStatus"`
-		ThumbnailReadyCount       int              `json:"thumbnailReadyCount"`
-		ThumbnailPendingCount     int              `json:"thumbnailPendingCount"`
-		ThumbnailFailedCount      int              `json:"thumbnailFailedCount"`
-		TeaserReadyCount          int              `json:"teaserReadyCount"`
-		TeaserPendingCount        int              `json:"teaserPendingCount"`
-		TeaserFailedCount         int              `json:"teaserFailedCount"`
+		LastCrawlAt                 int64            `json:"lastCrawlAt,omitempty"`
+		ThumbnailGenerationStatus   GenerationStatus `json:"thumbnailGenerationStatus"`
+		PreviewGenerationStatus     GenerationStatus `json:"previewGenerationStatus"`
+		FingerprintGenerationStatus GenerationStatus `json:"fingerprintGenerationStatus"`
+		ThumbnailReadyCount         int              `json:"thumbnailReadyCount"`
+		ThumbnailPendingCount       int              `json:"thumbnailPendingCount"`
+		ThumbnailFailedCount        int              `json:"thumbnailFailedCount"`
+		TeaserReadyCount            int              `json:"teaserReadyCount"`
+		TeaserPendingCount          int              `json:"teaserPendingCount"`
+		TeaserFailedCount           int              `json:"teaserFailedCount"`
+		FingerprintReadyCount       int              `json:"fingerprintReadyCount"`
+		FingerprintPendingCount     int              `json:"fingerprintPendingCount"`
+		FingerprintFailedCount      int              `json:"fingerprintFailedCount"`
 	}
 	list := make([]out, 0, len(drives))
 	for _, d := range drives {
 		counts := teaserCounts[d.ID]
 		thumbCounts := thumbnailCounts[d.ID]
+		fingerprintCount := fingerprintCounts[d.ID]
 		generation := generationStatuses[d.ID]
 		if generation.Thumbnail.State == "" {
 			generation.Thumbnail.State = "idle"
@@ -280,6 +400,9 @@ func (a *AdminServer) handleListDrives(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if generation.Preview.State == "" {
 			generation.Preview.State = "idle"
 		}
+		if generation.Fingerprint.State == "" {
+			generation.Fingerprint.State = "idle"
+		}
 		// spider91 没有用户凭证概念；只要存在 drive 行就视为"已配置"。
 		// last_crawl_at 是后端自动写入的运行状态字段，不计入 hasCredential 判定。
 		hasCred := false
@@ -305,18 +428,22 @@ func (a *AdminServer) handleListDrives(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			ID: d.ID, Kind: d.Kind, Name: d.Name,
 			RootID: d.RootID, ScanRootID: d.ScanRootID,
 			Status: d.Status, LastError: d.LastError,
-			HasCredential:             hasCred,
-			TeaserEnabled:             d.TeaserEnabled,
-			SkipDirIDs:                append([]string{}, d.SkipDirIDs...),
-			LastCrawlAt:               lastCrawlAt,
-			ThumbnailGenerationStatus: generation.Thumbnail,
-			PreviewGenerationStatus:   generation.Preview,
-			ThumbnailReadyCount:       thumbCounts.Ready,
-			ThumbnailPendingCount:     thumbCounts.Pending,
-			ThumbnailFailedCount:      thumbCounts.Failed,
-			TeaserReadyCount:          counts.Ready,
-			TeaserPendingCount:        counts.Pending,
-			TeaserFailedCount:         counts.Failed,
+			HasCredential:               hasCred,
+			TeaserEnabled:               d.TeaserEnabled,
+			SkipDirIDs:                  append([]string{}, d.SkipDirIDs...),
+			LastCrawlAt:                 lastCrawlAt,
+			ThumbnailGenerationStatus:   generation.Thumbnail,
+			PreviewGenerationStatus:     generation.Preview,
+			FingerprintGenerationStatus: generation.Fingerprint,
+			ThumbnailReadyCount:         thumbCounts.Ready,
+			ThumbnailPendingCount:       thumbCounts.Pending,
+			ThumbnailFailedCount:        thumbCounts.Failed,
+			TeaserReadyCount:            counts.Ready,
+			TeaserPendingCount:          counts.Pending,
+			TeaserFailedCount:           counts.Failed,
+			FingerprintReadyCount:       fingerprintCount.Ready,
+			FingerprintPendingCount:     fingerprintCount.Pending,
+			FingerprintFailedCount:      fingerprintCount.Failed,
 		})
 	}
 	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, list)
@@ -425,7 +552,7 @@ func (a *AdminServer) handleRescan(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 // handleRunNightlyJob 触发一次完整的凌晨流水线（不论当前时间，不论今日是否已跑）。
 // 立即返回 202；进度通过 backend 日志和下次 GET /admin/api/drives 的状态变化观察。
-// 流水线已在跑时 Runner 会丢弃此次触发并记日志。
+// 流水线已在跑时 Runner 最多排队一个后续触发；如果已有待触发请求，新的点击会被忽略。
 func (a *AdminServer) handleRunNightlyJob(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	if a.OnRunNightlyJob != nil {
 		a.OnRunNightlyJob()
@@ -748,7 +875,7 @@ func (a *AdminServer) handleGetSettings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)
 
 func (a *AdminServer) handlePutSettings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// 用 map 区分"没传"和"传了空字符串"两种语义；空 spider91 上传 ID 表示
-	// 清除显式设置（回退到自动模式）。
+	// 本地保存不上传。
 	var raw map[string]json.RawMessage
 	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&raw); err != nil {
 		writeErr(w, http.StatusBadRequest, err)

backend/internal/api/admin_test.go

@@ -115,6 +115,85 @@ func TestHandleSetupStoresCredentialsAndCreatesSession(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestHandleCheckUpdateReportsNewRelease(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	versionFile := filepath.Join(dir, ".version")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(versionFile, []byte("v0.1.0\n2026-05-29 12:00:00\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write version file: %v", err)
+	}
+	releaseServer := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.Header.Get("User-Agent") == "" {
+			http.Error(w, "missing user agent", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{
+			"tag_name": "v0.2.0",
+			"html_url": "https://github.com/nianzhibai/91/releases/tag/v0.2.0",
+		})
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(releaseServer.Close)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/admin/api/update/check", nil)
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	(&AdminServer{
+		VersionFilePath: versionFile,
+		ReleaseAPIURL:   releaseServer.URL,
+	}).handleCheckUpdate(rr, req)
+
+	if rr.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, body = %s", rr.Code, rr.Body.String())
+	}
+	var got updateCheckDTO
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(rr.Body).Decode(&got); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got.CurrentVersion != "v0.1.0" {
+		t.Fatalf("currentVersion = %q, want v0.1.0", got.CurrentVersion)
+	}
+	if got.LatestVersion != "v0.2.0" {
+		t.Fatalf("latestVersion = %q, want v0.2.0", got.LatestVersion)
+	}
+	if !got.HasUpdate {
+		t.Fatalf("hasUpdate = false, want true")
+	}
+	if got.ReleaseURL == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("releaseUrl is empty")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleCheckUpdateReportsUpToDate(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	versionFile := filepath.Join(dir, ".version")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(versionFile, []byte("v0.2.0\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write version file: %v", err)
+	}
+	releaseServer := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{
+			"tag_name": "v0.2.0",
+			"html_url": "https://github.com/nianzhibai/91/releases/tag/v0.2.0",
+		})
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(releaseServer.Close)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/admin/api/update/check", nil)
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	(&AdminServer{
+		VersionFilePath: versionFile,
+		ReleaseAPIURL:   releaseServer.URL,
+	}).handleCheckUpdate(rr, req)
+
+	if rr.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, body = %s", rr.Code, rr.Body.String())
+	}
+	var got updateCheckDTO
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(rr.Body).Decode(&got); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got.HasUpdate {
+		t.Fatalf("hasUpdate = true, want false")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestHandleUpsertDrivePreservesExistingCredentialsWhenRequestCredentialsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	cat, err := catalog.Open(t.TempDir() + "/catalog.db")
@@ -244,11 +323,11 @@ func TestHandleListDrivesIncludesTeaserCounts(t *testing.T) {
 
 	now := time.Now()
 	videos := []*catalog.Video{
-		{ID: "od-ready-1", DriveID: "OneDrive", FileID: "od-file-1", Title: "OD Ready 1", ThumbnailURL: "/p/thumb/od-ready-1", PreviewStatus: "ready", PublishedAt: now, CreatedAt: now, UpdatedAt: now},
-		{ID: "od-ready-2", DriveID: "OneDrive", FileID: "od-file-2", Title: "OD Ready 2", PreviewStatus: "ready", PublishedAt: now, CreatedAt: now, UpdatedAt: now},
-		{ID: "od-pending", DriveID: "OneDrive", FileID: "od-file-3", Title: "OD Pending", PreviewStatus: "pending", PublishedAt: now, CreatedAt: now, UpdatedAt: now},
-		{ID: "pp-pending", DriveID: "PikPak", FileID: "pp-file-1", Title: "PP Pending", PreviewStatus: "pending", PublishedAt: now, CreatedAt: now, UpdatedAt: now},
-		{ID: "pp-failed", DriveID: "PikPak", FileID: "pp-file-2", Title: "PP Failed", ThumbnailURL: "/p/thumb/pp-failed", PreviewStatus: "failed", PublishedAt: now, CreatedAt: now, UpdatedAt: now},
+		{ID: "od-ready-1", DriveID: "OneDrive", FileID: "od-file-1", Title: "OD Ready 1", Size: 100, ThumbnailURL: "/p/thumb/od-ready-1", PreviewStatus: "ready", PublishedAt: now, CreatedAt: now, UpdatedAt: now},
+		{ID: "od-ready-2", DriveID: "OneDrive", FileID: "od-file-2", Title: "OD Ready 2", Size: 100, PreviewStatus: "ready", PublishedAt: now, CreatedAt: now, UpdatedAt: now},
+		{ID: "od-pending", DriveID: "OneDrive", FileID: "od-file-3", Title: "OD Pending", Size: 100, PreviewStatus: "pending", PublishedAt: now, CreatedAt: now, UpdatedAt: now},
+		{ID: "pp-pending", DriveID: "PikPak", FileID: "pp-file-1", Title: "PP Pending", Size: 100, PreviewStatus: "pending", PublishedAt: now, CreatedAt: now, UpdatedAt: now},
+		{ID: "pp-failed", DriveID: "PikPak", FileID: "pp-file-2", Title: "PP Failed", Size: 100, ThumbnailURL: "/p/thumb/pp-failed", PreviewStatus: "failed", PublishedAt: now, CreatedAt: now, UpdatedAt: now},
 	}
 	for _, v := range videos {
 		if err := cat.UpsertVideo(ctx, v); err != nil {
@@ -258,6 +337,12 @@ func TestHandleListDrivesIncludesTeaserCounts(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := cat.UpdateVideoMeta(ctx, "od-ready-2", catalog.VideoMetaPatch{ThumbnailStatus: "failed"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("mark thumbnail failed: %v", err)
 	}
+	if err := cat.UpdateVideoFingerprint(ctx, "od-ready-1", "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa", "ready", ""); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mark fingerprint ready: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := cat.UpdateVideoFingerprint(ctx, "od-ready-2", "", "failed", "sample failed"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mark fingerprint failed: %v", err)
+	}
 
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/admin/api/drives", nil)
 	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -266,8 +351,9 @@ func TestHandleListDrivesIncludesTeaserCounts(t *testing.T) {
 		GetDriveGenerationStatuses: func() map[string]DriveGenerationStatuses {
 			return map[string]DriveGenerationStatuses{
 				"OneDrive": {
-					Thumbnail: GenerationStatus{State: "cooling", QueueLength: 3, CooldownUntil: "2026-05-16T21:00:00+08:00"},
-					Preview:   GenerationStatus{State: "generating", CurrentTitle: "OD Pending"},
+					Thumbnail:   GenerationStatus{State: "cooling", QueueLength: 3, CooldownUntil: "2026-05-16T21:00:00+08:00"},
+					Preview:     GenerationStatus{State: "generating", CurrentTitle: "OD Pending"},
+					Fingerprint: GenerationStatus{State: "generating", CurrentTitle: "OD Pending"},
 				},
 			}
 		},
@@ -277,48 +363,64 @@ func TestHandleListDrivesIncludesTeaserCounts(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("status = %d, body = %s", rr.Code, rr.Body.String())
 	}
 	var got []struct {
-		ID                        string           `json:"id"`
-		ThumbnailGenerationStatus GenerationStatus `json:"thumbnailGenerationStatus"`
-		PreviewGenerationStatus   GenerationStatus `json:"previewGenerationStatus"`
-		ThumbnailReadyCount       int              `json:"thumbnailReadyCount"`
-		ThumbnailPendingCount     int              `json:"thumbnailPendingCount"`
-		ThumbnailFailedCount      int              `json:"thumbnailFailedCount"`
-		TeaserReadyCount          int              `json:"teaserReadyCount"`
-		TeaserPendingCount        int              `json:"teaserPendingCount"`
-		TeaserFailedCount         int              `json:"teaserFailedCount"`
+		ID                          string           `json:"id"`
+		ThumbnailGenerationStatus   GenerationStatus `json:"thumbnailGenerationStatus"`
+		PreviewGenerationStatus     GenerationStatus `json:"previewGenerationStatus"`
+		FingerprintGenerationStatus GenerationStatus `json:"fingerprintGenerationStatus"`
+		ThumbnailReadyCount         int              `json:"thumbnailReadyCount"`
+		ThumbnailPendingCount       int              `json:"thumbnailPendingCount"`
+		ThumbnailFailedCount        int              `json:"thumbnailFailedCount"`
+		TeaserReadyCount            int              `json:"teaserReadyCount"`
+		TeaserPendingCount          int              `json:"teaserPendingCount"`
+		TeaserFailedCount           int              `json:"teaserFailedCount"`
+		FingerprintReadyCount       int              `json:"fingerprintReadyCount"`
+		FingerprintPendingCount     int              `json:"fingerprintPendingCount"`
+		FingerprintFailedCount      int              `json:"fingerprintFailedCount"`
 	}
 	if err := json.NewDecoder(rr.Body).Decode(&got); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("decode: %v", err)
 	}
 	byID := map[string]struct {
-		TeaserReady      int
-		TeaserPending    int
-		TeaserFailed     int
-		ThumbnailReady   int
-		ThumbnailPending int
-		ThumbnailFailed  int
-		Thumbnail        GenerationStatus
-		Preview          GenerationStatus
+		TeaserReady        int
+		TeaserPending      int
+		TeaserFailed       int
+		ThumbnailReady     int
+		ThumbnailPending   int
+		ThumbnailFailed    int
+		FingerprintReady   int
+		FingerprintPending int
+		FingerprintFailed  int
+		Thumbnail          GenerationStatus
+		Preview            GenerationStatus
+		Fingerprint        GenerationStatus
 	}{}
 	for _, d := range got {
 		byID[d.ID] = struct {
-			TeaserReady      int
-			TeaserPending    int
-			TeaserFailed     int
-			ThumbnailReady   int
-			ThumbnailPending int
-			ThumbnailFailed  int
-			Thumbnail        GenerationStatus
-			Preview          GenerationStatus
+			TeaserReady        int
+			TeaserPending      int
+			TeaserFailed       int
+			ThumbnailReady     int
+			ThumbnailPending   int
+			ThumbnailFailed    int
+			FingerprintReady   int
+			FingerprintPending int
+			FingerprintFailed  int
+			Thumbnail          GenerationStatus
+			Preview            GenerationStatus
+			Fingerprint        GenerationStatus
 		}{
-			TeaserReady:      d.TeaserReadyCount,
-			TeaserPending:    d.TeaserPendingCount,
-			TeaserFailed:     d.TeaserFailedCount,
-			ThumbnailReady:   d.ThumbnailReadyCount,
-			ThumbnailPending: d.ThumbnailPendingCount,
-			ThumbnailFailed:  d.ThumbnailFailedCount,
-			Thumbnail:        d.ThumbnailGenerationStatus,
-			Preview:          d.PreviewGenerationStatus,
+			TeaserReady:        d.TeaserReadyCount,
+			TeaserPending:      d.TeaserPendingCount,
+			TeaserFailed:       d.TeaserFailedCount,
+			ThumbnailReady:     d.ThumbnailReadyCount,
+			ThumbnailPending:   d.ThumbnailPendingCount,
+			ThumbnailFailed:    d.ThumbnailFailedCount,
+			FingerprintReady:   d.FingerprintReadyCount,
+			FingerprintPending: d.FingerprintPendingCount,
+			FingerprintFailed:  d.FingerprintFailedCount,
+			Thumbnail:          d.ThumbnailGenerationStatus,
+			Preview:            d.PreviewGenerationStatus,
+			Fingerprint:        d.FingerprintGenerationStatus,
 		}
 	}
 	if byID["OneDrive"].TeaserReady != 2 || byID["OneDrive"].TeaserPending != 1 || byID["OneDrive"].TeaserFailed != 0 {
@@ -330,13 +432,22 @@ func TestHandleListDrivesIncludesTeaserCounts(t *testing.T) {
 	if byID["OneDrive"].Thumbnail.State != "cooling" || byID["OneDrive"].Preview.State != "generating" {
 		t.Fatalf("OneDrive generation statuses = %#v, want thumbnail cooling and preview generating", byID["OneDrive"])
 	}
+	if byID["OneDrive"].FingerprintReady != 1 || byID["OneDrive"].FingerprintPending != 1 || byID["OneDrive"].FingerprintFailed != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("OneDrive fingerprint counts = %#v, want ready=1 pending=1 failed=1", byID["OneDrive"])
+	}
+	if byID["OneDrive"].Fingerprint.State != "generating" {
+		t.Fatalf("OneDrive fingerprint status = %#v, want generating", byID["OneDrive"].Fingerprint)
+	}
 	if byID["PikPak"].TeaserReady != 0 || byID["PikPak"].TeaserPending != 1 || byID["PikPak"].TeaserFailed != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("PikPak counts = %#v, want ready=0 pending=1 failed=1", byID["PikPak"])
 	}
 	if byID["PikPak"].ThumbnailReady != 1 || byID["PikPak"].ThumbnailPending != 1 || byID["PikPak"].ThumbnailFailed != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("PikPak thumbnail counts = %#v, want ready=1 pending=1 failed=0", byID["PikPak"])
 	}
-	if byID["PikPak"].Thumbnail.State != "idle" || byID["PikPak"].Preview.State != "idle" {
+	if byID["PikPak"].FingerprintPending != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("PikPak fingerprint counts = %#v, want pending=2", byID["PikPak"])
+	}
+	if byID["PikPak"].Thumbnail.State != "idle" || byID["PikPak"].Preview.State != "idle" || byID["PikPak"].Fingerprint.State != "idle" {
 		t.Fatalf("PikPak generation statuses = %#v, want idle defaults", byID["PikPak"])
 	}
 }

backend/internal/api/api.go

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/catalog"
+	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives/localstorage"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives/localupload"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives/spider91"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/proxy"
@@ -155,26 +156,67 @@ func (s *Server) handleGetTheme(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 }
 
 func (s *Server) handleHome(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	// 拉一批候选（按发布时间倒序，覆盖最近 200 个），然后随机洗牌取前 homePageSize 个。
-	// 如果库内不足 200 个会自动按实际数量返回，最后裁剪到 homePageSize。
+	// 首页优先展示封面已经生成好的视频，避免新盘扫盘时大量黑封面占满首页。
+	// 候选仍按发布时间覆盖最近 200 个，随后随机洗牌；封面不足时再用普通可见视频补齐。
 	const candidatePool = 200
-	items, _, err := s.Catalog.ListVideos(r.Context(), catalog.ListParams{
-		Sort: "latest", Page: 1, PageSize: candidatePool,
+	readyItems, _, err := s.Catalog.ListVideos(r.Context(), catalog.ListParams{
+		Sort: "latest", Page: 1, PageSize: candidatePool, ThumbnailReadyOnly: true,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		writeErr(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err)
 		return
 	}
-	rand.Shuffle(len(items), func(i, j int) {
-		items[i], items[j] = items[j], items[i]
+	rand.Shuffle(len(readyItems), func(i, j int) {
+		readyItems[i], readyItems[j] = readyItems[j], readyItems[i]
 	})
+
+	items := appendUniqueVideos(nil, readyItems, homePageSize)
 	if len(items) > homePageSize {
 		items = items[:homePageSize]
 	}
+	if len(items) < homePageSize {
+		fallback, _, err := s.Catalog.ListVideos(r.Context(), catalog.ListParams{
+			Sort: "latest", Page: 1, PageSize: candidatePool,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			writeErr(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err)
+			return
+		}
+		rand.Shuffle(len(fallback), func(i, j int) {
+			fallback[i], fallback[j] = fallback[j], fallback[i]
+		})
+		items = appendUniqueVideos(items, fallback, homePageSize)
+	}
 	w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-store")
 	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, mapVideos(items))
 }
 
+func appendUniqueVideos(dst []*catalog.Video, candidates []*catalog.Video, limit int) []*catalog.Video {
+	if len(dst) >= limit {
+		return dst[:limit]
+	}
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(dst))
+	for _, v := range dst {
+		if v != nil {
+			seen[v.ID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	for _, v := range candidates {
+		if v == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := seen[v.ID]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		dst = append(dst, v)
+		seen[v.ID] = struct{}{}
+		if len(dst) >= limit {
+			return dst
+		}
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
 func (s *Server) handleList(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	q := r.URL.Query()
 	page, _ := strconv.Atoi(q.Get("page"))
@@ -182,14 +224,18 @@ func (s *Server) handleList(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	if size <= 0 {
 		size = 24
 	}
+	sort := q.Get("sort")
 	params := catalog.ListParams{
 		Keyword:  q.Get("q"),
 		Tag:      q.Get("tag"),
 		Category: q.Get("cat"),
-		Sort:     q.Get("sort"),
+		Sort:     sort,
 		Page:     page,
 		PageSize: size,
 	}
+	if sort == "" || sort == "latest" {
+		params.PreferReadyThumbnails = true
+	}
 	items, total, err := s.Catalog.ListVideos(r.Context(), params)
 	if err != nil {
 		writeErr(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err)
@@ -241,7 +287,8 @@ func (s *Server) handleVideoDetail(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 }
 
 // pickRelatedVideos 选 total 个推荐视频。
-// 一半（向上取整）来自同标签命中，剩下用全库随机补齐；不会重复，也不会包含当前视频。
+// 一半来自同标签命中，剩下用全库随机补齐；两段都优先取已有封面的视频，
+// 不够时再回退到未生成封面的候选。结果不会重复，也不会包含当前视频。
 func (s *Server) pickRelatedVideos(ctx context.Context, current *catalog.Video, total int) []*catalog.Video {
 	if total <= 0 || current == nil {
 		return nil
@@ -254,67 +301,124 @@ func (s *Server) pickRelatedVideos(ctx context.Context, current *catalog.Video,
 	picked := make([]*catalog.Video, 0, total)
 	seen := map[string]struct{}{current.ID: {}}
 
-	// 1) 同标签候选：对每个 tag 取一批，合并去重，洗牌后取 tagQuota 个
+	// 1) 同标签候选：先取已有封面的候选，数量不够再从全部候选里补。
 	if tagQuota > 0 && len(current.Tags) > 0 {
-		var tagPool []*catalog.Video
-		for _, tag := range current.Tags {
-			if tag == "" {
-				continue
-			}
-			items, _, err := s.Catalog.ListVideos(ctx, catalog.ListParams{
-				Tag: tag, Sort: "latest", Page: 1, PageSize: 30,
-			})
-			if err != nil {
-				continue
-			}
-			for _, v := range items {
-				if v == nil {
-					continue
-				}
-				if _, ok := seen[v.ID]; ok {
-					continue
-				}
-				seen[v.ID] = struct{}{}
-				tagPool = append(tagPool, v)
-			}
+		picked = appendRandomRelated(
+			picked,
+			s.relatedTagPool(ctx, current.Tags, seen, true),
+			tagQuota,
+			seen,
+		)
+		if len(picked) < tagQuota {
+			picked = appendRandomRelated(
+				picked,
+				s.relatedTagPool(ctx, current.Tags, seen, false),
+				tagQuota,
+				seen,
+			)
 		}
-		rand.Shuffle(len(tagPool), func(i, j int) {
-			tagPool[i], tagPool[j] = tagPool[j], tagPool[i]
-		})
-		if len(tagPool) > tagQuota {
-			tagPool = tagPool[:tagQuota]
-		}
-		picked = append(picked, tagPool...)
 	}
 
-	// 2) 随机补齐：从全库取一批（避开已选 ID），洗牌后取剩下的名额
-	remaining := total - len(picked)
-	if remaining > 0 {
+	// 2) 随机补齐：同样优先已有封面的全库候选，不够再回退。
+	if len(picked) < total {
+		picked = appendRandomRelated(
+			picked,
+			s.relatedListPool(ctx, seen, true, 200),
+			total,
+			seen,
+		)
+	}
+	if len(picked) < total {
+		picked = appendRandomRelated(
+			picked,
+			s.relatedListPool(ctx, seen, false, 200),
+			total,
+			seen,
+		)
+	}
+
+	return picked
+}
+
+func (s *Server) relatedTagPool(ctx context.Context, tags []string, seen map[string]struct{}, readyOnly bool) []*catalog.Video {
+	var pool []*catalog.Video
+	poolSeen := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, tag := range tags {
+		if tag == "" {
+			continue
+		}
 		items, _, err := s.Catalog.ListVideos(ctx, catalog.ListParams{
-			Sort: "latest", Page: 1, PageSize: 200,
+			Tag:                   tag,
+			Sort:                  "latest",
+			Page:                  1,
+			PageSize:              30,
+			ThumbnailReadyOnly:    readyOnly,
+			PreferReadyThumbnails: !readyOnly,
 		})
-		if err == nil {
-			var randomPool []*catalog.Video
-			for _, v := range items {
-				if v == nil {
-					continue
-				}
-				if _, ok := seen[v.ID]; ok {
-					continue
-				}
-				seen[v.ID] = struct{}{}
-				randomPool = append(randomPool, v)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, v := range items {
+			if v == nil {
+				continue
 			}
-			rand.Shuffle(len(randomPool), func(i, j int) {
-				randomPool[i], randomPool[j] = randomPool[j], randomPool[i]
-			})
-			if len(randomPool) > remaining {
-				randomPool = randomPool[:remaining]
+			if _, ok := seen[v.ID]; ok {
+				continue
 			}
-			picked = append(picked, randomPool...)
+			if _, ok := poolSeen[v.ID]; ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			poolSeen[v.ID] = struct{}{}
+			pool = append(pool, v)
 		}
 	}
+	return pool
+}
 
+func (s *Server) relatedListPool(ctx context.Context, seen map[string]struct{}, readyOnly bool, pageSize int) []*catalog.Video {
+	items, _, err := s.Catalog.ListVideos(ctx, catalog.ListParams{
+		Sort:                  "latest",
+		Page:                  1,
+		PageSize:              pageSize,
+		ThumbnailReadyOnly:    readyOnly,
+		PreferReadyThumbnails: !readyOnly,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	pool := make([]*catalog.Video, 0, len(items))
+	for _, v := range items {
+		if v == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := seen[v.ID]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		pool = append(pool, v)
+	}
+	return pool
+}
+
+func appendRandomRelated(picked []*catalog.Video, pool []*catalog.Video, targetLen int, seen map[string]struct{}) []*catalog.Video {
+	if len(picked) >= targetLen || len(pool) == 0 {
+		return picked
+	}
+	rand.Shuffle(len(pool), func(i, j int) {
+		pool[i], pool[j] = pool[j], pool[i]
+	})
+	for _, v := range pool {
+		if len(picked) >= targetLen {
+			break
+		}
+		if v == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := seen[v.ID]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[v.ID] = struct{}{}
+		picked = append(picked, v)
+	}
 	return picked
 }
 
@@ -796,6 +900,8 @@ func driveKindLabel(kind string) string {
 		return "联通沃盘"
 	case "onedrive":
 		return "OneDrive"
+	case localstorage.Kind:
+		return "本地存储"
 	case spider91.Kind:
 		return "91 爬虫"
 	default:

backend/internal/api/api_test.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -98,6 +99,146 @@ func TestPreviewURLFallsBackWithoutUpdatedAt(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestHandleHomePrioritizesVideosWithReadyThumbnails(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	cat, err := catalog.Open(t.TempDir() + "/catalog.db")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("open catalog: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := cat.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("close catalog: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
+		id := "pending-video-" + strconv.Itoa(i)
+		if err := cat.UpsertVideo(ctx, &catalog.Video{
+			ID:          id,
+			DriveID:     "drive",
+			FileID:      id,
+			Title:       id,
+			PublishedAt: now.Add(time.Duration(i) * time.Minute),
+			CreatedAt:   now.Add(time.Duration(i) * time.Minute),
+			UpdatedAt:   now.Add(time.Duration(i) * time.Minute),
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("seed pending video %s: %v", id, err)
+		}
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < homePageSize+2; i++ {
+		id := "ready-video-" + strconv.Itoa(i)
+		if err := cat.UpsertVideo(ctx, &catalog.Video{
+			ID:           id,
+			DriveID:      "drive",
+			FileID:       id,
+			Title:        id,
+			ThumbnailURL: "https://thumb.example/" + id + ".jpg",
+			PublishedAt:  now.Add(-time.Duration(i+1) * time.Hour),
+			CreatedAt:    now.Add(-time.Duration(i+1) * time.Hour),
+			UpdatedAt:    now.Add(-time.Duration(i+1) * time.Hour),
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("seed ready video %s: %v", id, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/home", nil)
+	(&Server{Catalog: cat}).handleHome(rr, req)
+
+	if rr.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, body = %s", rr.Code, rr.Body.String())
+	}
+	var got []VideoDTO
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(rr.Body).Decode(&got); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode response: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(got) != homePageSize {
+		t.Fatalf("home items = %d, want %d", len(got), homePageSize)
+	}
+	for _, item := range got {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(item.ID, "ready-video-") {
+			t.Fatalf("home returned %q without a ready thumbnail; items=%#v", item.ID, got)
+		}
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(item.Thumbnail, "https://thumb.example/") {
+			t.Fatalf("thumbnail for %q = %q, want ready thumbnail URL", item.ID, item.Thumbnail)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleListLatestPrefersReadyThumbnails(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	cat, err := catalog.Open(t.TempDir() + "/catalog.db")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("open catalog: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := cat.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("close catalog: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
+		id := "pending-latest-" + strconv.Itoa(i)
+		if err := cat.UpsertVideo(ctx, &catalog.Video{
+			ID:          id,
+			DriveID:     "drive",
+			FileID:      id,
+			Title:       id,
+			PublishedAt: now.Add(time.Duration(i) * time.Minute),
+			CreatedAt:   now.Add(time.Duration(i) * time.Minute),
+			UpdatedAt:   now.Add(time.Duration(i) * time.Minute),
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("seed pending video %s: %v", id, err)
+		}
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < 12; i++ {
+		id := "ready-latest-" + strconv.Itoa(i)
+		if err := cat.UpsertVideo(ctx, &catalog.Video{
+			ID:           id,
+			DriveID:      "drive",
+			FileID:       id,
+			Title:        id,
+			ThumbnailURL: "https://thumb.example/" + id + ".jpg",
+			PublishedAt:  now.Add(-time.Duration(i+1) * time.Hour),
+			CreatedAt:    now.Add(-time.Duration(i+1) * time.Hour),
+			UpdatedAt:    now.Add(-time.Duration(i+1) * time.Hour),
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("seed ready video %s: %v", id, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/list?page=1&size=12&sort=latest", nil)
+	(&Server{Catalog: cat}).handleList(rr, req)
+
+	if rr.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, body = %s", rr.Code, rr.Body.String())
+	}
+	var got struct {
+		Items []VideoDTO `json:"items"`
+		Total int        `json:"total"`
+	}
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(rr.Body).Decode(&got); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode response: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got.Total != 32 {
+		t.Fatalf("total = %d, want all matching videos included", got.Total)
+	}
+	if len(got.Items) != 12 {
+		t.Fatalf("items = %d, want 12", len(got.Items))
+	}
+	for _, item := range got.Items {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(item.ID, "ready-latest-") {
+			t.Fatalf("latest list returned %q before ready thumbnails; items=%#v", item.ID, got.Items)
+		}
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(item.Thumbnail, "https://thumb.example/") {
+			t.Fatalf("thumbnail for %q = %q, want ready thumbnail URL", item.ID, item.Thumbnail)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestHandleUploadVideoSavesFileVideoTagsAndQueuesPreview(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	cat, err := catalog.Open(t.TempDir() + "/catalog.db")
@@ -509,6 +650,88 @@ func TestHandleVideoDetailIncludesDriveKindLabel(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestHandleVideoDetailRecommendationsPreferReadyThumbnails(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	cat, err := catalog.Open(t.TempDir() + "/catalog.db")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("open catalog: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := cat.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("close catalog: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	if err := cat.UpsertVideo(ctx, &catalog.Video{
+		ID:           "current-video",
+		DriveID:      "drive",
+		FileID:       "current-video",
+		Title:        "Current",
+		Tags:         []string{"same-tag"},
+		ThumbnailURL: "https://thumb.example/current-video.jpg",
+		PublishedAt:  now,
+		CreatedAt:    now,
+		UpdatedAt:    now,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed current video: %v", err)
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
+		id := "pending-related-" + strconv.Itoa(i)
+		if err := cat.UpsertVideo(ctx, &catalog.Video{
+			ID:          id,
+			DriveID:     "drive",
+			FileID:      id,
+			Title:       id,
+			Tags:        []string{"same-tag"},
+			PublishedAt: now.Add(time.Duration(i+1) * time.Minute),
+			CreatedAt:   now.Add(time.Duration(i+1) * time.Minute),
+			UpdatedAt:   now.Add(time.Duration(i+1) * time.Minute),
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("seed pending related video %s: %v", id, err)
+		}
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < 8; i++ {
+		id := "ready-related-" + strconv.Itoa(i)
+		if err := cat.UpsertVideo(ctx, &catalog.Video{
+			ID:           id,
+			DriveID:      "drive",
+			FileID:       id,
+			Title:        id,
+			Tags:         []string{"same-tag"},
+			ThumbnailURL: "https://thumb.example/" + id + ".jpg",
+			PublishedAt:  now.Add(-time.Duration(i+1) * time.Hour),
+			CreatedAt:    now.Add(-time.Duration(i+1) * time.Hour),
+			UpdatedAt:    now.Add(-time.Duration(i+1) * time.Hour),
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("seed ready related video %s: %v", id, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	req := requestWithVideoID(http.MethodGet, "/api/video/current-video", "current-video", strings.NewReader(``))
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	(&Server{Catalog: cat}).handleVideoDetail(rr, req)
+
+	if rr.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, body = %s", rr.Code, rr.Body.String())
+	}
+	var got VideoDetailDTO
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(rr.Body).Decode(&got); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(got.RelatedVideos) != 6 {
+		t.Fatalf("related videos = %d, want 6; items=%#v", len(got.RelatedVideos), got.RelatedVideos)
+	}
+	for _, item := range got.RelatedVideos {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(item.ID, "ready-related-") {
+			t.Fatalf("related returned %q before ready thumbnails; items=%#v", item.ID, got.RelatedVideos)
+		}
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(item.Thumbnail, "https://thumb.example/") {
+			t.Fatalf("thumbnail for %q = %q, want ready thumbnail URL", item.ID, item.Thumbnail)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestHandleHideVideoRemovesVideoFromPublicListAndDetail(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	cat, err := catalog.Open(t.TempDir() + "/catalog.db")

backend/internal/catalog/catalog.go

@@ -41,35 +41,38 @@ func (c *Catalog) Close() error { return c.db.Close() }
 // ---------- Video ----------
 
 type Video struct {
-	ID              string    `json:"id"`
-	DriveID         string    `json:"driveId"`
-	FileID          string    `json:"fileId"`
-	FileName        string    `json:"fileName"`
-	ContentHash     string    `json:"contentHash"`
-	ParentID        string    `json:"parentId"`
-	Title           string    `json:"title"`
-	Author          string    `json:"author"`
-	Tags            []string  `json:"tags"`
-	DurationSeconds int       `json:"durationSeconds"`
-	Size            int64     `json:"size"`
-	Ext             string    `json:"ext"`
-	Quality         string    `json:"quality"`
-	ThumbnailURL    string    `json:"thumbnailUrl"`
-	PreviewFileID   string    `json:"previewFileId"`
-	PreviewLocal    string    `json:"previewLocal"`
-	PreviewStatus   string    `json:"previewStatus"`
-	Views           int       `json:"views"`
-	Favorites       int       `json:"favorites"`
-	Comments        int       `json:"comments"`
-	Likes           int       `json:"likes"`
-	Dislikes        int       `json:"dislikes"`
-	Category        string    `json:"category"`
-	Hidden          bool      `json:"hidden"`
-	Badges          []string  `json:"badges"`
-	Description     string    `json:"description"`
-	PublishedAt     time.Time `json:"publishedAt"`
-	CreatedAt       time.Time `json:"createdAt"`
-	UpdatedAt       time.Time `json:"updatedAt"`
+	ID                string    `json:"id"`
+	DriveID           string    `json:"driveId"`
+	FileID            string    `json:"fileId"`
+	FileName          string    `json:"fileName"`
+	ContentHash       string    `json:"contentHash"`
+	SampledSHA256     string    `json:"sampledSha256"`
+	FingerprintStatus string    `json:"fingerprintStatus"`
+	FingerprintError  string    `json:"fingerprintError"`
+	ParentID          string    `json:"parentId"`
+	Title             string    `json:"title"`
+	Author            string    `json:"author"`
+	Tags              []string  `json:"tags"`
+	DurationSeconds   int       `json:"durationSeconds"`
+	Size              int64     `json:"size"`
+	Ext               string    `json:"ext"`
+	Quality           string    `json:"quality"`
+	ThumbnailURL      string    `json:"thumbnailUrl"`
+	PreviewFileID     string    `json:"previewFileId"`
+	PreviewLocal      string    `json:"previewLocal"`
+	PreviewStatus     string    `json:"previewStatus"`
+	Views             int       `json:"views"`
+	Favorites         int       `json:"favorites"`
+	Comments          int       `json:"comments"`
+	Likes             int       `json:"likes"`
+	Dislikes          int       `json:"dislikes"`
+	Category          string    `json:"category"`
+	Hidden            bool      `json:"hidden"`
+	Badges            []string  `json:"badges"`
+	Description       string    `json:"description"`
+	PublishedAt       time.Time `json:"publishedAt"`
+	CreatedAt         time.Time `json:"createdAt"`
+	UpdatedAt         time.Time `json:"updatedAt"`
 }
 
 func (c *Catalog) UpsertVideo(ctx context.Context, v *Video) error {
@@ -109,6 +112,18 @@ ON CONFLICT(id) DO UPDATE SET
                       WHEN excluded.content_hash != '' THEN excluded.content_hash
                       ELSE videos.content_hash
                     END,
+  sampled_sha256  = CASE
+                      WHEN videos.size_bytes != excluded.size_bytes THEN ''
+                      ELSE videos.sampled_sha256
+                    END,
+  fingerprint_status = CASE
+                      WHEN videos.size_bytes != excluded.size_bytes THEN 'pending'
+                      ELSE COALESCE(videos.fingerprint_status, 'pending')
+                    END,
+  fingerprint_error = CASE
+                      WHEN videos.size_bytes != excluded.size_bytes THEN ''
+                      ELSE COALESCE(videos.fingerprint_error, '')
+                    END,
   duration_seconds= excluded.duration_seconds,
   size_bytes      = excluded.size_bytes,
   ext             = excluded.ext,
@@ -199,8 +214,8 @@ func (c *Catalog) MigrateVideoToDrive(ctx context.Context, videoID, newDriveID,
 }
 
 // ListVideosByDriveID 列出指定 drive 下所有未隐藏的视频，按 published_at 倒序。
-// 给 spider91 → PikPak 迁移 worker 用：扫描 spider91 drive 下所有视频，
-// 检查哪些还有本地文件，依次上传到 PikPak。
+// 给 spider91 → 115/PikPak 迁移 worker 用：扫描 spider91 drive 下所有视频，
+// 检查哪些还有本地文件，依次上传到目标盘。
 func (c *Catalog) ListVideosByDriveID(ctx context.Context, driveID string, limit int) ([]*Video, error) {
 	if driveID == "" {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("catalog: list videos by drive: empty drive id")
@@ -486,8 +501,14 @@ func (c *Catalog) ListVideosByThumbnailStatus(ctx context.Context, driveID, stat
 	return out, nil
 }
 
-// ListVideosNeedingThumbnail returns videos that still need a thumbnail attempt.
+// ListVideosNeedingThumbnail returns videos that still need thumbnail-worker work.
+// Besides missing thumbnails, this includes videos with an existing thumbnail but
+// missing duration metadata, because the thumbnail worker probes duration while
+// it already has a stream link.
 // Failed thumbnails are reported separately and should not block teaser generation.
+// Videos whose local assets were cleared because they are fingerprint duplicates
+// stay pending in the DB, but uniqueVideoWhereSQL keeps them out of this queue
+// while their canonical sibling still exists.
 func (c *Catalog) ListVideosNeedingThumbnail(ctx context.Context, driveID string, limit int) ([]*Video, error) {
 	if limit <= 0 {
 		limit = 10000
@@ -495,8 +516,11 @@ func (c *Catalog) ListVideosNeedingThumbnail(ctx context.Context, driveID string
 	rows, err := c.db.QueryContext(ctx,
 		`SELECT `+allVideoCols+` FROM videos
 		 WHERE drive_id = ?
-		   AND COALESCE(thumbnail_url, '') = ''
-		   AND COALESCE(thumbnail_status, 'pending') != 'failed'
+		   AND (
+		        COALESCE(thumbnail_url, '') = ''
+		        OR COALESCE(duration_seconds, 0) <= 0
+		   )
+		   AND COALESCE(thumbnail_status, 'pending') NOT IN ('failed', 'skipped')
 		   AND COALESCE(hidden, 0) = 0
 		   AND `+uniqueVideoWhereSQL+`
 		 ORDER BY created_at ASC
@@ -522,8 +546,11 @@ func (c *Catalog) CountVideosNeedingThumbnail(ctx context.Context, driveID strin
 	err := c.db.QueryRowContext(ctx,
 		`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM videos
 		 WHERE drive_id = ?
-		   AND COALESCE(thumbnail_url, '') = ''
-		   AND COALESCE(thumbnail_status, 'pending') != 'failed'
+		   AND (
+		        COALESCE(thumbnail_url, '') = ''
+		        OR COALESCE(duration_seconds, 0) <= 0
+		   )
+		   AND COALESCE(thumbnail_status, 'pending') NOT IN ('failed', 'skipped')
 		   AND COALESCE(hidden, 0) = 0
 		   AND `+uniqueVideoWhereSQL,
 		driveID).Scan(&count)
@@ -668,14 +695,70 @@ func (c *Catalog) FindVideoByFileSignature(ctx context.Context, fileName string,
 	return scanVideo(row)
 }
 
+func (c *Catalog) ListVideosNeedingFingerprint(ctx context.Context, driveID string, limit int) ([]*Video, error) {
+	if limit <= 0 {
+		limit = 10000
+	}
+	rows, err := c.db.QueryContext(ctx,
+		`SELECT `+allVideoCols+` FROM videos
+		 WHERE drive_id = ?
+		   AND size_bytes > 0
+		   AND COALESCE(sampled_sha256, '') = ''
+		   AND COALESCE(fingerprint_status, 'pending') = 'pending'
+		   AND COALESCE(hidden, 0) = 0
+		 ORDER BY created_at ASC, id ASC
+		 LIMIT ?`,
+		driveID, limit)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	var out []*Video
+	for rows.Next() {
+		v, err := scanVideo(rows)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		out = append(out, v)
+	}
+	return out, rows.Err()
+}
+
+func (c *Catalog) UpdateVideoFingerprint(ctx context.Context, id, sampledSHA256, status, errText string) error {
+	sampledSHA256 = normalizeContentHash(sampledSHA256)
+	if status == "" {
+		status = "pending"
+	}
+	if len(errText) > 500 {
+		errText = errText[:500]
+	}
+	res, err := c.db.ExecContext(ctx,
+		`UPDATE videos
+		    SET sampled_sha256 = ?,
+		        fingerprint_status = ?,
+		        fingerprint_error = ?,
+		        updated_at = ?
+		  WHERE id = ?`,
+		sampledSHA256, status, errText, time.Now().UnixMilli(), id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if rows, err := res.RowsAffected(); err == nil && rows == 0 {
+		return sql.ErrNoRows
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type ListParams struct {
-	Keyword  string
-	DriveID  string
-	Tag      string
-	Category string
-	Sort     string // latest | hot | week | long
-	Page     int
-	PageSize int
+	Keyword               string
+	DriveID               string
+	Tag                   string
+	Category              string
+	Sort                  string // latest | hot | week | long
+	ThumbnailReadyOnly    bool
+	PreferReadyThumbnails bool
+	Page                  int
+	PageSize              int
 }
 
 func (c *Catalog) ListVideos(ctx context.Context, p ListParams) ([]*Video, int, error) {
@@ -710,21 +793,29 @@ func (c *Catalog) ListVideos(ctx context.Context, p ListParams) ([]*Video, int,
 		where = append(where, "category = ?")
 		args = append(args, p.Category)
 	}
+	if p.ThumbnailReadyOnly {
+		where = append(where, "COALESCE(thumbnail_url, '') != ''")
+	}
 	where = append(where, "COALESCE(hidden, 0) = 0")
 	where = append(where, uniqueVideoWhereSQL)
 
 	whereSQL := ""
 	whereSQL = " WHERE " + strings.Join(where, " AND ")
 
-	orderBy := " ORDER BY published_at DESC"
+	readyOrderPrefix := ""
+	if p.PreferReadyThumbnails {
+		readyOrderPrefix = "CASE WHEN COALESCE(thumbnail_url, '') != '' THEN 0 ELSE 1 END, "
+	}
+
+	orderBy := " ORDER BY " + readyOrderPrefix + "published_at DESC"
 	switch p.Sort {
 	case "hot":
 		// 热度 = 点赞数，点赞相同按最新
-		orderBy = " ORDER BY likes DESC, published_at DESC"
+		orderBy = " ORDER BY " + readyOrderPrefix + "likes DESC, published_at DESC"
 	case "week":
-		orderBy = " ORDER BY likes DESC"
+		orderBy = " ORDER BY " + readyOrderPrefix + "likes DESC"
 	case "long":
-		orderBy = " ORDER BY duration_seconds DESC"
+		orderBy = " ORDER BY " + readyOrderPrefix + "duration_seconds DESC"
 	}
 
 	// count
@@ -842,6 +933,12 @@ type DriveThumbnailCounts struct {
 	Failed  int
 }
 
+type DriveFingerprintCounts struct {
+	Ready   int
+	Pending int
+	Failed  int
+}
+
 func (c *Catalog) CountTeasersByDrive(ctx context.Context) (map[string]DriveTeaserCounts, error) {
 	rows, err := c.db.QueryContext(ctx,
 		`SELECT drive_id,
@@ -904,6 +1001,52 @@ func (c *Catalog) CountThumbnailsByDrive(ctx context.Context) (map[string]DriveT
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+func (c *Catalog) CountFingerprintsByDrive(ctx context.Context) (map[string]DriveFingerprintCounts, error) {
+	rows, err := c.db.QueryContext(ctx,
+		`SELECT drive_id,
+		        COUNT(CASE WHEN COALESCE(sampled_sha256, '') != ''
+		                      OR COALESCE(fingerprint_status, 'pending') = 'ready' THEN 1 END) AS ready_count,
+		        COUNT(CASE WHEN size_bytes > 0
+		                     AND COALESCE(sampled_sha256, '') = ''
+		                     AND COALESCE(fingerprint_status, 'pending') = 'pending' THEN 1 END) AS pending_count,
+		        COUNT(CASE WHEN COALESCE(sampled_sha256, '') = ''
+		                     AND COALESCE(fingerprint_status, 'pending') = 'failed' THEN 1 END) AS failed_count
+		   FROM videos
+		  WHERE COALESCE(hidden, 0) = 0
+		  GROUP BY drive_id`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+
+	out := make(map[string]DriveFingerprintCounts)
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var driveID string
+		var counts DriveFingerprintCounts
+		if err := rows.Scan(&driveID, &counts.Ready, &counts.Pending, &counts.Failed); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		out[driveID] = counts
+	}
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Catalog) CountVideosNeedingFingerprint(ctx context.Context, driveID string) (int, error) {
+	var count int
+	err := c.db.QueryRowContext(ctx,
+		`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM videos
+		 WHERE drive_id = ?
+		   AND size_bytes > 0
+		   AND COALESCE(sampled_sha256, '') = ''
+		   AND COALESCE(fingerprint_status, 'pending') = 'pending'
+		   AND COALESCE(hidden, 0) = 0`,
+		driveID).Scan(&count)
+	return count, err
+}
+
 type LocalMediaRef struct {
 	DriveID      string
 	VideoID      string
@@ -933,6 +1076,124 @@ func (c *Catalog) ListLocalMediaRefs(ctx context.Context) ([]LocalMediaRef, erro
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+// DuplicateAssetCleanupCandidate points at a non-canonical video in a
+// size+sampled_sha256 duplicate group that still owns generated local assets.
+// The cleanup job uses this to remove duplicate thumbnails/teasers without
+// touching the original cloud file or deleting the catalog row.
+type DuplicateAssetCleanupCandidate struct {
+	VideoID       string
+	DriveID       string
+	Title         string
+	PreviewLocal  string
+	ThumbnailURL  string
+	CanonicalID   string
+	SampledSHA256 string
+	Size          int64
+}
+
+// ListDuplicateAssetCleanupCandidates returns duplicate videos whose own local
+// generated assets can be cleared. A group canonical is the same representative
+// used by uniqueVideoWhereSQL: earliest created_at, then lexicographically
+// smallest id.
+func (c *Catalog) ListDuplicateAssetCleanupCandidates(ctx context.Context, limit int) ([]DuplicateAssetCleanupCandidate, error) {
+	if limit <= 0 {
+		limit = 10000
+	}
+	rows, err := c.db.QueryContext(ctx, `
+WITH canonical AS (
+	SELECT v.id, v.size_bytes, v.sampled_sha256
+	  FROM videos v
+	 WHERE v.size_bytes > 0
+	   AND COALESCE(v.sampled_sha256, '') != ''
+	   AND NOT EXISTS (
+		 SELECT 1
+		   FROM videos earlier
+		  WHERE earlier.size_bytes = v.size_bytes
+		    AND earlier.sampled_sha256 = v.sampled_sha256
+		    AND COALESCE(earlier.sampled_sha256, '') != ''
+		    AND earlier.size_bytes > 0
+		    AND (
+			  earlier.created_at < v.created_at
+			  OR (earlier.created_at = v.created_at AND earlier.id < v.id)
+		    )
+	   )
+)
+SELECT dup.id,
+       dup.drive_id,
+       dup.title,
+       COALESCE(dup.preview_local, ''),
+       COALESCE(dup.thumbnail_url, ''),
+       canonical.id,
+       dup.sampled_sha256,
+       dup.size_bytes
+  FROM videos dup
+  JOIN canonical
+    ON canonical.size_bytes = dup.size_bytes
+   AND canonical.sampled_sha256 = dup.sampled_sha256
+ WHERE dup.id != canonical.id
+   AND dup.size_bytes > 0
+   AND COALESCE(dup.sampled_sha256, '') != ''
+   AND (
+	 COALESCE(dup.preview_local, '') != ''
+	 OR COALESCE(dup.thumbnail_url, '') = '/p/thumb/' || dup.id
+   )
+ ORDER BY dup.created_at ASC, dup.id ASC
+ LIMIT ?`, limit)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+
+	var out []DuplicateAssetCleanupCandidate
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var item DuplicateAssetCleanupCandidate
+		if err := rows.Scan(
+			&item.VideoID,
+			&item.DriveID,
+			&item.Title,
+			&item.PreviewLocal,
+			&item.ThumbnailURL,
+			&item.CanonicalID,
+			&item.SampledSHA256,
+			&item.Size,
+		); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		out = append(out, item)
+	}
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// ClearGeneratedAssets clears DB references to generated local assets for a
+// video. The statuses go back to pending so the video can regenerate assets if
+// it later becomes the canonical item after its older duplicate is removed.
+func (c *Catalog) ClearGeneratedAssets(ctx context.Context, videoID string, clearPreview, clearThumbnail bool) error {
+	parts := []string{}
+	args := []any{}
+	if clearPreview {
+		parts = append(parts, "preview_file_id = ''", "preview_local = ''", "preview_status = 'pending'")
+	}
+	if clearThumbnail {
+		parts = append(parts, "thumbnail_url = ''", "thumbnail_status = 'pending'")
+	}
+	if len(parts) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	parts = append(parts, "updated_at = ?")
+	args = append(args, time.Now().UnixMilli(), videoID)
+	res, err := c.db.ExecContext(ctx, `UPDATE videos SET `+strings.Join(parts, ", ")+` WHERE id = ?`, args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if rows, err := res.RowsAffected(); err == nil && rows == 0 {
+		return sql.ErrNoRows
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // ---------- Drive ----------
 
 type Drive struct {
@@ -1161,7 +1422,9 @@ ON CONFLICT(key) DO UPDATE SET value = excluded.value, updated_at = excluded.upd
 // ---------- helpers ----------
 
 const allVideoCols = `
-id, drive_id, file_id, COALESCE(file_name, ''), COALESCE(content_hash, ''), COALESCE(parent_id, ''), title, COALESCE(author, ''), COALESCE(tags, '[]'),
+id, drive_id, file_id, COALESCE(file_name, ''), COALESCE(content_hash, ''),
+COALESCE(sampled_sha256, ''), COALESCE(fingerprint_status, 'pending'), COALESCE(fingerprint_error, ''),
+COALESCE(parent_id, ''), title, COALESCE(author, ''), COALESCE(tags, '[]'),
 duration_seconds, size_bytes, COALESCE(ext, ''), COALESCE(quality, ''), COALESCE(thumbnail_url, ''),
 COALESCE(preview_file_id, ''), COALESCE(preview_local, ''), COALESCE(preview_status, 'pending'),
 views, favorites, comments, likes, dislikes,
@@ -1180,6 +1443,20 @@ const uniqueVideoWhereSQL = `((COALESCE(videos.content_hash, '') = ''
 				OR (dup.created_at = videos.created_at AND dup.id < videos.id)
 			  )
 		))
+	AND (COALESCE(videos.sampled_sha256, '') = ''
+		OR videos.size_bytes <= 0
+		OR NOT EXISTS (
+			SELECT 1
+			FROM videos AS dup
+			WHERE dup.sampled_sha256 = videos.sampled_sha256
+			  AND dup.size_bytes = videos.size_bytes
+			  AND COALESCE(dup.sampled_sha256, '') != ''
+			  AND dup.size_bytes > 0
+			  AND (
+				dup.created_at < videos.created_at
+				OR (dup.created_at = videos.created_at AND dup.id < videos.id)
+			  )
+		))
 	AND (COALESCE(videos.file_name, '') = ''
 		OR videos.size_bytes <= 0
 		OR NOT EXISTS (
@@ -1205,7 +1482,9 @@ func scanVideo(row rowScanner) (*Video, error) {
 	var publishedAt, createdAt, updatedAt int64
 	var hidden int
 	err := row.Scan(
-		&v.ID, &v.DriveID, &v.FileID, &v.FileName, &v.ContentHash, &v.ParentID, &v.Title, &v.Author, &tagsJSON,
+		&v.ID, &v.DriveID, &v.FileID, &v.FileName, &v.ContentHash,
+		&v.SampledSHA256, &v.FingerprintStatus, &v.FingerprintError,
+		&v.ParentID, &v.Title, &v.Author, &tagsJSON,
 		&v.DurationSeconds, &v.Size, &v.Ext, &v.Quality, &v.ThumbnailURL,
 		&v.PreviewFileID, &v.PreviewLocal, &v.PreviewStatus,
 		&v.Views, &v.Favorites, &v.Comments, &v.Likes, &v.Dislikes,

backend/internal/catalog/fingerprint_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+package catalog
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestListVideosDeduplicatesBySampledSHA256(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	cat, err := Open(t.TempDir() + "/catalog.db")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("open catalog: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := cat.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("close catalog: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	for _, v := range []*Video{
+		{
+			ID:          "drive-a-file-a",
+			DriveID:     "drive-a",
+			FileID:      "file-a",
+			FileName:    "first-name.mp4",
+			Title:       "First",
+			Size:        1234,
+			PublishedAt: now.Add(-time.Minute),
+			CreatedAt:   now.Add(-time.Minute),
+			UpdatedAt:   now.Add(-time.Minute),
+		},
+		{
+			ID:          "drive-b-file-b",
+			DriveID:     "drive-b",
+			FileID:      "file-b",
+			FileName:    "second-name.mp4",
+			Title:       "Second",
+			Size:        1234,
+			PublishedAt: now,
+			CreatedAt:   now,
+			UpdatedAt:   now,
+		},
+	} {
+		if err := cat.UpsertVideo(ctx, v); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("upsert %s: %v", v.ID, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	items, total, err := cat.ListVideos(ctx, ListParams{Page: 1, PageSize: 10})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("list before fingerprint: %v", err)
+	}
+	if total != 2 || len(items) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("before fingerprint total=%d len=%d, want 2", total, len(items))
+	}
+
+	const sampled = "abc123"
+	if err := cat.UpdateVideoFingerprint(ctx, "drive-a-file-a", sampled, "ready", ""); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("update a fingerprint: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := cat.UpdateVideoFingerprint(ctx, "drive-b-file-b", sampled, "ready", ""); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("update b fingerprint: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	items, total, err = cat.ListVideos(ctx, ListParams{Page: 1, PageSize: 10})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("list after fingerprint: %v", err)
+	}
+	if total != 1 || len(items) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("after fingerprint total=%d len=%d, want 1", total, len(items))
+	}
+	if items[0].ID != "drive-a-file-a" {
+		t.Fatalf("canonical id = %q, want earliest created video", items[0].ID)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDuplicateAssetCleanupCandidates(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	cat, err := Open(t.TempDir() + "/catalog.db")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("open catalog: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := cat.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("close catalog: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	base := time.Date(2026, 5, 29, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	videos := []*Video{
+		{
+			ID:            "drive-a-canonical",
+			DriveID:       "drive-a",
+			FileID:        "file-a",
+			FileName:      "canonical.mp4",
+			Title:         "Canonical",
+			Size:          1234,
+			ThumbnailURL:  "/p/thumb/drive-a-canonical",
+			PreviewLocal:  "/tmp/previews/canonical.mp4",
+			PreviewStatus: "ready",
+			PublishedAt:   base,
+			CreatedAt:     base,
+			UpdatedAt:     base,
+		},
+		{
+			ID:            "drive-b-duplicate",
+			DriveID:       "drive-b",
+			FileID:        "file-b",
+			FileName:      "duplicate.mp4",
+			Title:         "Duplicate",
+			Size:          1234,
+			ThumbnailURL:  "/p/thumb/drive-b-duplicate",
+			PreviewLocal:  "/tmp/previews/duplicate.mp4",
+			PreviewStatus: "ready",
+			PublishedAt:   base.Add(time.Second),
+			CreatedAt:     base.Add(time.Second),
+			UpdatedAt:     base.Add(time.Second),
+		},
+		{
+			ID:            "drive-c-remote-thumb",
+			DriveID:       "drive-c",
+			FileID:        "file-c",
+			FileName:      "remote-thumb.mp4",
+			Title:         "Remote Thumbnail",
+			Size:          1234,
+			ThumbnailURL:  "https://thumb.example/file-c.jpg",
+			PreviewStatus: "ready",
+			PublishedAt:   base.Add(2 * time.Second),
+			CreatedAt:     base.Add(2 * time.Second),
+			UpdatedAt:     base.Add(2 * time.Second),
+		},
+	}
+	for _, v := range videos {
+		if err := cat.UpsertVideo(ctx, v); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("seed %s: %v", v.ID, err)
+		}
+	}
+	const sampled = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"
+	for _, v := range videos {
+		if err := cat.UpdateVideoFingerprint(ctx, v.ID, sampled, "ready", ""); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("fingerprint %s: %v", v.ID, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	items, err := cat.ListDuplicateAssetCleanupCandidates(ctx, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("list cleanup candidates: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(items) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("candidates = %#v, want only local duplicate", items)
+	}
+	item := items[0]
+	if item.VideoID != "drive-b-duplicate" || item.CanonicalID != "drive-a-canonical" {
+		t.Fatalf("candidate = %#v, want duplicate with canonical", item)
+	}
+
+	if err := cat.ClearGeneratedAssets(ctx, item.VideoID, true, true); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("clear generated assets: %v", err)
+	}
+	got, err := cat.GetVideo(ctx, item.VideoID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("get duplicate: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got.PreviewLocal != "" || got.PreviewStatus != "pending" {
+		t.Fatalf("preview after cleanup local=%q status=%q, want empty pending", got.PreviewLocal, got.PreviewStatus)
+	}
+	if got.ThumbnailURL != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("thumbnail after cleanup = %q, want empty", got.ThumbnailURL)
+	}
+	var thumbStatus string
+	if err := cat.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `SELECT thumbnail_status FROM videos WHERE id = ?`, item.VideoID).Scan(&thumbStatus); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("query thumbnail status: %v", err)
+	}
+	if thumbStatus != "pending" {
+		t.Fatalf("thumbnail_status = %q, want pending", thumbStatus)
+	}
+}

backend/internal/catalog/schema.sql

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS videos (
     file_id          TEXT NOT NULL,
     file_name        TEXT DEFAULT '',           -- 网盘侧原始文件名，用于同名同大小去重
     content_hash     TEXT DEFAULT '',
+    sampled_sha256   TEXT DEFAULT '',           -- 跨网盘统一采样指纹（size + sampled bytes）
+    fingerprint_status TEXT DEFAULT 'pending',  -- pending / ready / failed
+    fingerprint_error  TEXT DEFAULT '',
     parent_id        TEXT,
     title            TEXT NOT NULL,
     author           TEXT,
@@ -61,7 +64,7 @@ CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_video_tags_video ON video_tags(video_id);
 -- 网盘账户
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS drives (
     id            TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
-    kind          TEXT NOT NULL,                -- quark / p115 / pikpak / wopan / onedrive / spider91
+    kind          TEXT NOT NULL,                -- quark / p115 / pikpak / wopan / onedrive / localstorage / spider91
     name          TEXT NOT NULL,
     root_id       TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
     scan_root_id  TEXT,                          -- 扫描起点（默认 root_id）

backend/internal/catalog/tags.go

@@ -43,6 +43,15 @@ func (c *Catalog) migrate(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if err := c.addColumnIfMissing(ctx, "videos", "content_hash", "TEXT DEFAULT ''"); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if err := c.addColumnIfMissing(ctx, "videos", "sampled_sha256", "TEXT DEFAULT ''"); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := c.addColumnIfMissing(ctx, "videos", "fingerprint_status", "TEXT DEFAULT 'pending'"); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := c.addColumnIfMissing(ctx, "videos", "fingerprint_error", "TEXT DEFAULT ''"); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	if err := c.addColumnIfMissing(ctx, "videos", "file_name", "TEXT DEFAULT ''"); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -83,6 +92,9 @@ func (c *Catalog) migrate(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if _, err := c.db.ExecContext(ctx, `CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_videos_content_hash ON videos(content_hash)`); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if _, err := c.db.ExecContext(ctx, `CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_videos_sampled_sha256 ON videos(size_bytes, sampled_sha256)`); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	if _, err := c.db.ExecContext(ctx, `CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_videos_hidden ON videos(hidden)`); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

backend/internal/catalog/tags_test.go

@@ -7,6 +7,90 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
+func TestListVideosNeedingThumbnailIncludesExistingThumbnailMissingDuration(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	cat, err := Open(t.TempDir() + "/catalog.db")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("open catalog: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := cat.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("close catalog: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	videos := []*Video{
+		{
+			ID:           "duration-only",
+			DriveID:      "drive",
+			FileID:       "file-duration-only",
+			Title:        "Duration Only",
+			ThumbnailURL: "/p/thumb/duration-only",
+			PublishedAt:  now,
+			CreatedAt:    now,
+			UpdatedAt:    now,
+		},
+		{
+			ID:              "complete",
+			DriveID:         "drive",
+			FileID:          "file-complete",
+			Title:           "Complete",
+			DurationSeconds: 12,
+			ThumbnailURL:    "/p/thumb/complete",
+			PublishedAt:     now.Add(time.Second),
+			CreatedAt:       now.Add(time.Second),
+			UpdatedAt:       now.Add(time.Second),
+		},
+		{
+			ID:              "missing-thumb",
+			DriveID:         "drive",
+			FileID:          "file-missing-thumb",
+			Title:           "Missing Thumb",
+			DurationSeconds: 18,
+			PublishedAt:     now.Add(2 * time.Second),
+			CreatedAt:       now.Add(2 * time.Second),
+			UpdatedAt:       now.Add(2 * time.Second),
+		},
+		{
+			ID:          "failed",
+			DriveID:     "drive",
+			FileID:      "file-failed",
+			Title:       "Failed",
+			PublishedAt: now.Add(3 * time.Second),
+			CreatedAt:   now.Add(3 * time.Second),
+			UpdatedAt:   now.Add(3 * time.Second),
+		},
+	}
+	for _, v := range videos {
+		if err := cat.UpsertVideo(ctx, v); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("seed %s: %v", v.ID, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := cat.UpdateVideoMeta(ctx, "failed", VideoMetaPatch{ThumbnailStatus: "failed"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mark failed thumbnail: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	items, err := cat.ListVideosNeedingThumbnail(ctx, "drive", 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("list videos needing thumbnail: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(items) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("items = %#v, want duration-only and missing-thumb", items)
+	}
+	if items[0].ID != "duration-only" || items[1].ID != "missing-thumb" {
+		t.Fatalf("item ids = %q, %q; want duration-only, missing-thumb", items[0].ID, items[1].ID)
+	}
+
+	count, err := cat.CountVideosNeedingThumbnail(ctx, "drive")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("count videos needing thumbnail: %v", err)
+	}
+	if count != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("count = %d, want 2", count)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestCreateTagAndClassifyAddsTagToMatchingExistingVideos(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	cat, err := Open(t.TempDir() + "/catalog.db")
@@ -581,6 +665,59 @@ func TestListVideosHidesDuplicateContentHashes(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestListVideosCanFilterReadyThumbnails(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	cat, err := Open(t.TempDir() + "/catalog.db")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("open catalog: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := cat.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("close catalog: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	for _, v := range []*Video{
+		{
+			ID:           "ready-video",
+			DriveID:      "drive",
+			FileID:       "file-ready",
+			Title:        "Ready",
+			ThumbnailURL: "/p/thumb/ready-video",
+			PublishedAt:  now,
+			CreatedAt:    now,
+			UpdatedAt:    now,
+		},
+		{
+			ID:          "pending-video",
+			DriveID:     "drive",
+			FileID:      "file-pending",
+			Title:       "Pending",
+			PublishedAt: now.Add(time.Second),
+			CreatedAt:   now.Add(time.Second),
+			UpdatedAt:   now.Add(time.Second),
+		},
+	} {
+		if err := cat.UpsertVideo(ctx, v); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("seed video %s: %v", v.ID, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	items, total, err := cat.ListVideos(ctx, ListParams{
+		Page: 1, PageSize: 10, ThumbnailReadyOnly: true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("list videos: %v", err)
+	}
+	if total != 1 || len(items) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("ready videos total=%d len=%d, want 1", total, len(items))
+	}
+	if items[0].ID != "ready-video" {
+		t.Fatalf("ready video id = %q, want ready-video", items[0].ID)
+	}
+}
+
 func sameStrings(a, b []string) bool {
 	if len(a) != len(b) {
 		return false

backend/internal/config/config.go

@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ type Nightly struct {
 // 这里保留 yaml 中的静态定义，用于启动时预置盘。生产建议只在 DB 里维护。
 type Drive struct {
 	ID     string            `yaml:"id"`
-	Kind   string            `yaml:"kind"` // quark / p115 / pikpak / wopan / onedrive
+	Kind   string            `yaml:"kind"` // quark / p115 / pikpak / wopan / onedrive / localstorage
 	Name   string            `yaml:"name"`
 	RootID string            `yaml:"root_id"`
 	Params map[string]string `yaml:"params,omitempty"`

backend/internal/drives/iface.go

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 
 // Drive 是多家网盘统一抽象。上层不区分盘，只区分 Kind。
 type Drive interface {
-	// Kind 返回驱动代号："quark" / "p115" / "pikpak" / "wopan" / "onedrive"
+	// Kind 返回驱动代号："quark" / "p115" / "pikpak" / "wopan" / "onedrive" / "localstorage"
 	Kind() string
 
 	// ID 返回该盘在 catalog 中的唯一标识

backend/internal/drives/localstorage/driver.go

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+// Package localstorage exposes an existing server-side directory as a Drive.
+package localstorage
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives"
+)
+
+const Kind = "localstorage"
+
+type Config struct {
+	ID       string
+	RootPath string
+}
+
+type Driver struct {
+	id       string
+	rootPath string
+}
+
+func New(c Config) *Driver {
+	return &Driver{
+		id:       c.ID,
+		rootPath: c.RootPath,
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *Driver) Kind() string { return Kind }
+
+func (d *Driver) ID() string { return d.id }
+
+func (d *Driver) RootID() string { return "/" }
+
+func (d *Driver) Init(context.Context) error {
+	root, err := d.root()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	info, err := os.Stat(root)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("localstorage: stat root: %w", err)
+	}
+	if !info.IsDir() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("localstorage: root is not a directory: %s", root)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *Driver) List(ctx context.Context, dirID string) ([]drives.Entry, error) {
+	dir, rel, err := d.pathForID(dirID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	out := make([]drives.Entry, 0, len(entries))
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		// Symlinks can escape the configured root or create cycles. Keep the
+		// local storage drive predictable by scanning real files/directories only.
+		if entry.Type()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		info, err := entry.Info()
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !info.IsDir() && !info.Mode().IsRegular() {
+			continue
+		}
+		childRel := joinRel(rel, entry.Name())
+		out = append(out, drives.Entry{
+			ID:       encodeRel(childRel),
+			Name:     entry.Name(),
+			Size:     sizeForEntry(info),
+			IsDir:    info.IsDir(),
+			ParentID: idForRel(rel),
+			ModTime:  info.ModTime(),
+		})
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (d *Driver) Stat(ctx context.Context, fileID string) (*drives.Entry, error) {
+	p, rel, err := d.pathForID(fileID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	info, err := os.Stat(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &drives.Entry{
+		ID:       idForRel(rel),
+		Name:     filepath.Base(p),
+		Size:     sizeForEntry(info),
+		IsDir:    info.IsDir(),
+		ParentID: idForRel(parentRel(rel)),
+		ModTime:  info.ModTime(),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (d *Driver) StreamURL(ctx context.Context, fileID string) (*drives.StreamLink, error) {
+	p, _, err := d.pathForID(fileID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	info, err := os.Stat(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if info.IsDir() || !info.Mode().IsRegular() || info.Size() <= 0 {
+		return nil, os.ErrNotExist
+	}
+	return &drives.StreamLink{
+		URL:     p,
+		Expires: time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (d *Driver) Upload(context.Context, string, string, io.Reader, int64) (string, error) {
+	return "", drives.ErrNotSupported
+}
+
+func (d *Driver) EnsureDir(context.Context, string) (string, error) {
+	return "", drives.ErrNotSupported
+}
+
+func (d *Driver) root() (string, error) {
+	raw := strings.TrimSpace(d.rootPath)
+	if raw == "" {
+		return "", errors.New("localstorage: empty path")
+	}
+	raw = os.ExpandEnv(raw)
+	if strings.HasPrefix(raw, "~") {
+		if home, err := os.UserHomeDir(); err == nil && home != "" {
+			switch {
+			case raw == "~":
+				raw = home
+			case strings.HasPrefix(raw, "~/") || strings.HasPrefix(raw, `~\`):
+				raw = filepath.Join(home, raw[2:])
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return filepath.Abs(raw)
+}
+
+func (d *Driver) pathForID(id string) (string, string, error) {
+	root, err := d.root()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	rel, err := decodeRel(id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	if rel == "" {
+		return root, "", nil
+	}
+	p, err := filepath.Abs(filepath.Join(root, filepath.FromSlash(rel)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	if p != root && !strings.HasPrefix(p, root+string(os.PathSeparator)) {
+		return "", "", errors.New("localstorage: path escapes root")
+	}
+	return p, rel, nil
+}
+
+func decodeRel(id string) (string, error) {
+	id = strings.TrimSpace(id)
+	if id == "" || id == "/" {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	raw, err := base64.RawURLEncoding.DecodeString(id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("localstorage: invalid file id: %w", err)
+	}
+	rel := filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Clean(filepath.FromSlash(string(raw))))
+	if rel == "." {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	if strings.HasPrefix(rel, "../") || rel == ".." || strings.HasPrefix(rel, "/") {
+		return "", errors.New("localstorage: invalid relative path")
+	}
+	return rel, nil
+}
+
+func encodeRel(rel string) string {
+	rel = filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Clean(filepath.FromSlash(rel)))
+	if rel == "." || rel == "" {
+		return "/"
+	}
+	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(rel))
+}
+
+func idForRel(rel string) string {
+	if rel == "" {
+		return "/"
+	}
+	return encodeRel(rel)
+}
+
+func joinRel(parent, name string) string {
+	if parent == "" {
+		return filepath.ToSlash(name)
+	}
+	return filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(filepath.FromSlash(parent), name))
+}
+
+func parentRel(rel string) string {
+	if rel == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	parent := filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Dir(filepath.FromSlash(rel)))
+	if parent == "." {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return parent
+}
+
+func sizeForEntry(info os.FileInfo) int64 {
+	if info == nil || info.IsDir() {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return info.Size()
+}
+
+var _ drives.Drive = (*Driver)(nil)

backend/internal/drives/localstorage/driver_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+package localstorage
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/catalog"
+	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/scanner"
+)
+
+func TestListEncodesRelativePathsAndStreamURLResolvesFile(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	sub := filepath.Join(root, "clips")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(sub, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mkdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	videoPath := filepath.Join(sub, "sample.mp4")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(videoPath, []byte("video"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write video: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	drv := New(Config{ID: "local", RootPath: root})
+	if err := drv.Init(context.Background()); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("init: %v", err)
+	}
+	rootEntries, err := drv.List(context.Background(), drv.RootID())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("list root: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(rootEntries) != 1 || !rootEntries[0].IsDir {
+		t.Fatalf("root entries = %#v, want one directory", rootEntries)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(rootEntries[0].ID, "/") {
+		t.Fatalf("encoded dir id contains slash: %q", rootEntries[0].ID)
+	}
+
+	fileEntries, err := drv.List(context.Background(), rootEntries[0].ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("list subdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(fileEntries) != 1 || fileEntries[0].Name != "sample.mp4" {
+		t.Fatalf("file entries = %#v, want sample.mp4", fileEntries)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(fileEntries[0].ID, "/") {
+		t.Fatalf("encoded file id contains slash: %q", fileEntries[0].ID)
+	}
+
+	link, err := drv.StreamURL(context.Background(), fileEntries[0].ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("stream url: %v", err)
+	}
+	if link.URL != videoPath {
+		t.Fatalf("url = %q, want %q", link.URL, videoPath)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStreamURLRejectsEscapingID(t *testing.T) {
+	drv := New(Config{ID: "local", RootPath: t.TempDir()})
+	escaped := base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("../secret.mp4"))
+
+	_, err := drv.StreamURL(context.Background(), escaped)
+
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "invalid relative path") {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %v, want invalid relative path", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInitRequiresExistingDirectory(t *testing.T) {
+	drv := New(Config{ID: "local", RootPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "missing")})
+
+	err := drv.Init(context.Background())
+
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "stat root") {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %v, want stat root failure", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScannerPersistsLocalStorageVideo(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(root, "collection"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mkdir collection: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(root, "collection", "clip.mp4"), []byte("video"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write video: %v", err)
+	}
+	cat, err := catalog.Open(filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "catalog.db"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("open catalog: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := cat.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("close catalog: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	drv := New(Config{ID: "local", RootPath: root})
+	sc := scanner.New(cat, drv, []string{".mp4"}, nil, nil)
+	stats, err := sc.Run(ctx, drv.RootID())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("scan: %v", err)
+	}
+	if stats.Added != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("added = %d, want 1", stats.Added)
+	}
+
+	fileID := encodeRel("collection/clip.mp4")
+	got, err := cat.GetVideo(ctx, Kind+"-local-"+fileID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("get video: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got.DriveID != "local" || got.FileID != fileID || got.Category != "collection" {
+		t.Fatalf("video = %#v, want local drive video in collection", got)
+	}
+}

backend/internal/drives/onedrive/driver.go

@@ -3,14 +3,19 @@ package onedrive
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"crypto/sha1"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"log"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"path"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/go-resty/resty/v2"
@@ -18,8 +23,17 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	maxSmallUploadSize = 250 * 1024 * 1024
-	defaultRenewAPIURL = "https://api.oplist.org/onedrive/renewapi"
+	maxSmallUploadSize         = 250 * 1024 * 1024
+	defaultUploadSessionChunk  = 10 * 1024 * 1024
+	uploadSessionRetryAttempts = 3
+	defaultRenewAPIURL         = "https://api.oplist.org/onedrive/renewapi"
+	onedriveListCooldown       = 5 * time.Minute
+	onedriveListInterval       = 1 * time.Second
+)
+
+var (
+	smallUploadThreshold = int64(maxSmallUploadSize)
+	uploadSessionChunk   = int64(defaultUploadSessionChunk)
 )
 
 type Driver struct {
@@ -34,6 +48,11 @@ type Driver struct {
 	renewAPIURL   string
 	client        *resty.Client
 	onTokenUpdate func(access, refresh string)
+
+	listMu       sync.Mutex
+	lastListAt   time.Time
+	listInterval time.Duration
+	listCooldown time.Duration
 }
 
 type Config struct {
@@ -85,6 +104,8 @@ func New(c Config) *Driver {
 		client: resty.New().
 			SetTimeout(30*time.Second).
 			SetHeader("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*"),
+		listInterval: onedriveListInterval,
+		listCooldown: onedriveListCooldown,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -106,10 +127,16 @@ func (d *Driver) List(ctx context.Context, dirID string) ([]drives.Entry, error)
 	if dirID == "" {
 		dirID = d.rootID
 	}
+	d.listMu.Lock()
+	defer d.listMu.Unlock()
+
 	nextLink := d.childrenURL(dirID)
 	first := true
 	out := make([]drives.Entry, 0)
 	for nextLink != "" {
+		if err := d.waitForListSlotLocked(ctx); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		var resp filesResp
 		err := d.request(ctx, nextLink, http.MethodGet, func(req *resty.Request) {
 			if first {
@@ -120,6 +147,19 @@ func (d *Driver) List(ctx context.Context, dirID string) ([]drives.Entry, error)
 			}
 		}, &resp)
 		if err != nil {
+			if wait, ok := drives.RateLimitRetryAfter(err); ok {
+				if wait <= 0 {
+					wait = d.listCooldown
+					if wait <= 0 {
+						wait = onedriveListCooldown
+					}
+				}
+				log.Printf("[onedrive] list cooling down drive=%s dir=%s cooldown=%s err=%v", d.id, dirID, wait, err)
+				if err := sleepContext(ctx, wait); err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				continue
+			}
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("onedrive list: %w", err)
 		}
 		for _, item := range resp.Value {
@@ -131,6 +171,36 @@ func (d *Driver) List(ctx context.Context, dirID string) ([]drives.Entry, error)
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+func (d *Driver) waitForListSlotLocked(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if d.listInterval <= 0 || d.lastListAt.IsZero() {
+		d.lastListAt = time.Now()
+		return ctx.Err()
+	}
+	next := d.lastListAt.Add(d.listInterval)
+	now := time.Now()
+	if now.Before(next) {
+		if err := sleepContext(ctx, next.Sub(now)); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	d.lastListAt = time.Now()
+	return ctx.Err()
+}
+
+func sleepContext(ctx context.Context, d time.Duration) error {
+	if d <= 0 {
+		return ctx.Err()
+	}
+	timer := time.NewTimer(d)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	case <-timer.C:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
 func (d *Driver) Stat(ctx context.Context, fileID string) (*drives.Entry, error) {
 	var item graphItem
 	if err := d.request(ctx, d.itemURL(fileID), http.MethodGet, nil, &item); err != nil {
@@ -156,15 +226,49 @@ func (d *Driver) StreamURL(ctx context.Context, fileID string) (*drives.StreamLi
 }
 
 func (d *Driver) Upload(ctx context.Context, parentID, name string, r io.Reader, size int64) (string, error) {
+	res, err := d.UploadAndReportHash(ctx, parentID, name, r, size)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return res.FileID, nil
+}
+
+func (d *Driver) UploadAndReportHash(ctx context.Context, parentID, name string, r io.Reader, size int64) (UploadResult, error) {
+	parentID, name, err := d.normalizeUploadArgs(parentID, name, r, size)
+	if err != nil {
+		return UploadResult{}, err
+	}
+	threshold := smallUploadThreshold
+	if threshold <= 0 {
+		threshold = maxSmallUploadSize
+	}
+	if size <= threshold {
+		return d.uploadSmallAndReportHash(ctx, parentID, name, r, size, threshold)
+	}
+	return d.uploadSessionAndReportHash(ctx, parentID, name, r, size)
+}
+
+func (d *Driver) normalizeUploadArgs(parentID, name string, r io.Reader, size int64) (string, string, error) {
+	if r == nil {
+		return "", "", errors.New("onedrive upload: body is required")
+	}
+	if size < 0 {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("onedrive upload: invalid size %d", size)
+	}
 	if parentID == "" {
 		parentID = d.rootID
 	}
-	if size > maxSmallUploadSize {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("onedrive upload: files over %d bytes require upload session", maxSmallUploadSize)
+	name = strings.TrimSpace(name)
+	if name == "" {
+		return "", "", errors.New("onedrive upload: empty file name")
 	}
-	data, err := readSmallUpload(r)
+	return parentID, name, nil
+}
+
+func (d *Driver) uploadSmallAndReportHash(ctx context.Context, parentID, name string, r io.Reader, size, limit int64) (UploadResult, error) {
+	data, hash, actualSize, err := readSmallUpload(r, size, limit)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return UploadResult{}, err
 	}
 	u := fmt.Sprintf("%s/items/%s:/%s:/content", d.driveBaseURL(), url.PathEscape(parentID), url.PathEscape(name))
 	var item graphItem
@@ -173,26 +277,159 @@ func (d *Driver) Upload(ctx context.Context, parentID, name string, r io.Reader,
 		req.SetContentLength(true)
 	}, &item)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("onedrive upload: %w", err)
+		return UploadResult{}, fmt.Errorf("onedrive upload: %w", err)
 	}
 	if item.ID == "" {
-		return "", errors.New("onedrive upload: empty item id")
+		return UploadResult{}, errors.New("onedrive upload: empty item id")
 	}
-	return item.ID, nil
+	return UploadResult{FileID: item.ID, Hash: hash, Size: actualSize}, nil
 }
 
-func readSmallUpload(r io.Reader) ([]byte, error) {
-	if r == nil {
-		return nil, errors.New("onedrive upload: body is required")
-	}
-	data, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(r, maxSmallUploadSize+1))
+func (d *Driver) uploadSessionAndReportHash(ctx context.Context, parentID, name string, r io.Reader, size int64) (UploadResult, error) {
+	session, err := d.createUploadSession(ctx, parentID, name)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("onedrive upload: read body: %w", err)
+		return UploadResult{}, err
 	}
-	if len(data) > maxSmallUploadSize {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("onedrive upload: files over %d bytes require upload session", maxSmallUploadSize)
+	if strings.TrimSpace(session.UploadURL) == "" {
+		return UploadResult{}, errors.New("onedrive upload session: empty upload url")
 	}
-	return data, nil
+
+	chunkSize := uploadSessionChunk
+	if chunkSize <= 0 {
+		chunkSize = defaultUploadSessionChunk
+	}
+	buf := make([]byte, int(chunkSize))
+	hasher := sha1.New()
+	var finalItem graphItem
+	var offset int64
+	for offset < size {
+		partSize := minInt64(chunkSize, size-offset)
+		chunk := buf[:int(partSize)]
+		n, err := io.ReadFull(r, chunk)
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) || errors.Is(err, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF) {
+				return UploadResult{}, fmt.Errorf("onedrive upload: size mismatch: declared %d, copied %d", size, offset+int64(n))
+			}
+			return UploadResult{}, fmt.Errorf("onedrive upload: read body: %w", err)
+		}
+		chunk = chunk[:n]
+		_, _ = hasher.Write(chunk)
+		item, err := d.putUploadSessionChunkWithRetry(ctx, session.UploadURL, offset, size, chunk)
+		if err != nil {
+			return UploadResult{}, err
+		}
+		if item != nil {
+			finalItem = *item
+		}
+		offset += int64(n)
+	}
+	if finalItem.ID == "" {
+		return UploadResult{}, errors.New("onedrive upload session: empty item id")
+	}
+	return UploadResult{
+		FileID: finalItem.ID,
+		Hash:   hex.EncodeToString(hasher.Sum(nil)),
+		Size:   offset,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (d *Driver) createUploadSession(ctx context.Context, parentID, name string) (uploadSessionResp, error) {
+	u := fmt.Sprintf("%s/items/%s:/%s:/createUploadSession", d.driveBaseURL(), url.PathEscape(parentID), url.PathEscape(name))
+	body := map[string]any{
+		"item": map[string]any{
+			"@microsoft.graph.conflictBehavior": "rename",
+		},
+	}
+	var out uploadSessionResp
+	err := d.request(ctx, u, http.MethodPost, func(req *resty.Request) {
+		req.SetBody(body)
+	}, &out)
+	if err != nil {
+		return uploadSessionResp{}, fmt.Errorf("onedrive upload session: %w", err)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (d *Driver) putUploadSessionChunkWithRetry(ctx context.Context, uploadURL string, start, total int64, data []byte) (*graphItem, error) {
+	var last error
+	for attempt := 0; attempt < uploadSessionRetryAttempts; attempt++ {
+		if attempt > 0 {
+			if err := sleepContext(ctx, time.Duration(attempt)*time.Second); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		item, retryable, err := d.putUploadSessionChunk(ctx, uploadURL, start, total, data)
+		if err == nil {
+			return item, nil
+		}
+		last = err
+		if !retryable {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	if last == nil {
+		last = errors.New("onedrive upload session: retry attempts exhausted")
+	}
+	return nil, last
+}
+
+func (d *Driver) putUploadSessionChunk(ctx context.Context, uploadURL string, start, total int64, data []byte) (*graphItem, bool, error) {
+	end := start + int64(len(data)) - 1
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPut, uploadURL, bytes.NewReader(data))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, false, err
+	}
+	req.ContentLength = int64(len(data))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Range", fmt.Sprintf("bytes %d-%d/%d", start, end, total))
+	res, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, true, err
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+
+	switch res.StatusCode {
+	case http.StatusOK, http.StatusCreated:
+		var item graphItem
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(&item); err != nil {
+			return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("onedrive upload session: decode completed item: %w", err)
+		}
+		return &item, false, nil
+	case http.StatusAccepted:
+		return nil, false, nil
+	default:
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(res.Body, 4096))
+		err := fmt.Errorf("onedrive upload session: status=%d body=%s", res.StatusCode, strings.TrimSpace(string(body)))
+		retryable := res.StatusCode == http.StatusTooManyRequests || (res.StatusCode >= 500 && res.StatusCode <= 504)
+		return nil, retryable, err
+	}
+}
+
+func readSmallUpload(r io.Reader, declaredSize, limit int64) ([]byte, string, int64, error) {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil, "", 0, errors.New("onedrive upload: body is required")
+	}
+	if limit <= 0 {
+		limit = maxSmallUploadSize
+	}
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(r, limit+1))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", 0, fmt.Errorf("onedrive upload: read body: %w", err)
+	}
+	if int64(len(data)) > limit {
+		return nil, "", 0, fmt.Errorf("onedrive upload: files over %d bytes require upload session", limit)
+	}
+	if declaredSize >= 0 && int64(len(data)) != declaredSize {
+		return nil, "", 0, fmt.Errorf("onedrive upload: size mismatch: declared %d, copied %d", declaredSize, len(data))
+	}
+	sum := sha1.Sum(data)
+	return data, hex.EncodeToString(sum[:]), int64(len(data)), nil
+}
+
+func minInt64(a, b int64) int64 {
+	if a < b {
+		return a
+	}
+	return b
 }
 
 func (d *Driver) EnsureDir(ctx context.Context, pathFromRoot string) (string, error) {
@@ -245,6 +482,25 @@ func (d *Driver) makeDir(ctx context.Context, parentID, name string) (string, er
 	return item.ID, nil
 }
 
+func (d *Driver) Rename(ctx context.Context, fileID, newName string) error {
+	fileID = strings.TrimSpace(fileID)
+	if fileID == "" {
+		return errors.New("onedrive rename: empty file id")
+	}
+	newName = strings.TrimSpace(newName)
+	if newName == "" {
+		return errors.New("onedrive rename: empty new name")
+	}
+	var item graphItem
+	err := d.request(ctx, d.itemURL(fileID), http.MethodPatch, func(req *resty.Request) {
+		req.SetBody(map[string]string{"name": newName})
+	}, &item)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("onedrive rename: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (d *Driver) request(ctx context.Context, rawURL, method string, configure func(*resty.Request), out any) error {
 	return d.requestOnce(ctx, rawURL, method, configure, out, true)
 }
@@ -265,7 +521,7 @@ func (d *Driver) requestOnce(ctx context.Context, rawURL, method string, configu
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if isRateLimitResponse(res, graphErr.Error.Code) {
+	if isRateLimitResponse(res, graphErr.Error.Code, graphErr.Error.Message) {
 		return onedriveRateLimitError(res, graphErr.Error.Message)
 	}
 	if graphErr.Error.Code != "" {
@@ -327,11 +583,54 @@ func (d *Driver) refresh(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func isRateLimitResponse(res *resty.Response, code string) bool {
-	if code == "TooManyRequests" || code == "activityLimitReached" {
+func isRateLimitResponse(res *resty.Response, code, message string) bool {
+	if isRateLimitCode(code) || isRateLimitMessage(message) {
 		return true
 	}
-	return res != nil && res.StatusCode() == http.StatusTooManyRequests
+	if res == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if res.StatusCode() == http.StatusTooManyRequests {
+		return true
+	}
+	if res.Header().Get("Retry-After") == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	switch res.StatusCode() {
+	case http.StatusServiceUnavailable, http.StatusGatewayTimeout:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func isRateLimitCode(code string) bool {
+	normalized := strings.ToLower(strings.ReplaceAll(strings.TrimSpace(code), "_", ""))
+	normalized = strings.ReplaceAll(normalized, "-", "")
+	switch normalized {
+	case "toomanyrequests",
+		"activitylimitreached",
+		"throttledrequest",
+		"requestthrottled",
+		"resourcethrottled",
+		"applicationthrottled",
+		"tenantthrottled":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func isRateLimitMessage(message string) bool {
+	text := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(message))
+	if text == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	return strings.Contains(text, "too many requests") ||
+		strings.Contains(text, "throttl") ||
+		strings.Contains(text, "rate limit") ||
+		strings.Contains(text, "activity limit") ||
+		strings.Contains(text, "temporarily blocked")
 }
 
 func onedriveRateLimitError(res *resty.Response, message string) error {

backend/internal/drives/onedrive/driver_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package onedrive
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/sha1"
+	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"io"
@@ -199,7 +201,7 @@ func TestGraph429ReturnsRateLimitErrorWithRetryAfter(t *testing.T) {
 		APIBaseURL:   srv.URL,
 	})
 
-	_, err := d.List(context.Background(), "root")
+	_, err := d.StreamURL(context.Background(), "file-id")
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("list succeeded, want rate limit error")
 	}
@@ -212,6 +214,92 @@ func TestGraph429ReturnsRateLimitErrorWithRetryAfter(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestGraphThrottleMessageReturnsRateLimitError(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
+		if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"error": map[string]any{
+				"code":    "generalException",
+				"message": "The request has been throttled. Please try again later.",
+			},
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("write json: %v", err)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	d := New(Config{
+		ID:           "od-main",
+		AccessToken:  "access-token",
+		RefreshToken: "refresh-token",
+		APIBaseURL:   srv.URL,
+	})
+
+	_, err := d.StreamURL(context.Background(), "file-id")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("list succeeded, want rate limit error")
+	}
+	var rateLimit *drives.RateLimitError
+	if !errors.As(err, &rateLimit) {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %T %[1]v, want RateLimitError", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestListCoolsDownAndRetriesOneDriveRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	var calls int
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path != "/v1.0/me/drive/items/root/children" {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected request %s %s", r.Method, r.URL.String())
+		}
+		calls++
+		if calls == 1 {
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusTooManyRequests)
+			if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+				"error": map[string]any{
+					"code":    "TooManyRequests",
+					"message": "throttled",
+				},
+			}); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("write json: %v", err)
+			}
+			return
+		}
+		writeJSON(t, w, map[string]any{
+			"value": []map[string]any{
+				{
+					"id":   "file-id",
+					"name": "demo.mp4",
+					"size": 100,
+					"file": map[string]any{"mimeType": "video/mp4"},
+				},
+			},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	d := New(Config{
+		ID:           "od-main",
+		AccessToken:  "access-token",
+		RefreshToken: "refresh-token",
+		APIBaseURL:   srv.URL,
+	})
+	d.listInterval = 0
+	d.listCooldown = time.Millisecond
+
+	got, err := d.List(context.Background(), "root")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("list: %v", err)
+	}
+	if calls != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("calls = %d, want retry after rate limit", calls)
+	}
+	if len(got) != 1 || got[0].ID != "file-id" {
+		t.Fatalf("entries = %#v, want retried file", got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestStatAndStreamURLUseDriveItemMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if got := r.Header.Get("Authorization"); got != "Bearer access-token" {
@@ -320,6 +408,36 @@ func TestEnsureDirCreatesMissingFolders(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestRenamePatchesDriveItemName(t *testing.T) {
+	var body map[string]string
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.Method != http.MethodPatch || r.URL.EscapedPath() != "/v1.0/me/drive/items/file-id" {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected request %s %s", r.Method, r.URL.String())
+		}
+		if got := r.Header.Get("Authorization"); got != "Bearer access-token" {
+			t.Fatalf("authorization = %q, want bearer token", got)
+		}
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&body); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("decode body: %v", err)
+		}
+		writeJSON(t, w, map[string]any{"id": "file-id", "name": "new name.mp4"})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	d := New(Config{
+		ID:           "od-main",
+		AccessToken:  "access-token",
+		RefreshToken: "refresh-token",
+		APIBaseURL:   srv.URL,
+	})
+	if err := d.Rename(context.Background(), "file-id", "new name.mp4"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("rename: %v", err)
+	}
+	if body["name"] != "new name.mp4" {
+		t.Fatalf("rename body = %#v, want new name", body)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestUploadSmallFileReturnsNewItemID(t *testing.T) {
 	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if got := r.Header.Get("Authorization"); got != "Bearer access-token" {
@@ -358,6 +476,86 @@ func TestUploadSmallFileReturnsNewItemID(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestUploadLargeFileUsesUploadSessionAndReportsHash(t *testing.T) {
+	oldThreshold := smallUploadThreshold
+	oldChunk := uploadSessionChunk
+	smallUploadThreshold = 8
+	uploadSessionChunk = 4
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		smallUploadThreshold = oldThreshold
+		uploadSessionChunk = oldChunk
+	})
+
+	body := "0123456789abc"
+	var ranges []string
+	var chunks []string
+	var createdSession bool
+	var srv *httptest.Server
+	srv = httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch {
+		case r.Method == http.MethodPost && r.URL.EscapedPath() == "/v1.0/me/drive/items/parent-id:/big.mp4:/createUploadSession":
+			createdSession = true
+			if got := r.Header.Get("Authorization"); got != "Bearer access-token" {
+				t.Fatalf("authorization = %q, want bearer token", got)
+			}
+			writeJSON(t, w, map[string]any{"uploadUrl": srv.URL + "/upload-session"})
+		case r.Method == http.MethodPut && r.URL.Path == "/upload-session":
+			ranges = append(ranges, r.Header.Get("Content-Range"))
+			data, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("read chunk: %v", err)
+			}
+			chunks = append(chunks, string(data))
+			if len(ranges) < 4 {
+				w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusAccepted)
+				if _, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"nextExpectedRanges":["0-"]}`)); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("write accepted: %v", err)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
+			if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{"id": "uploaded-big-id"}); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("write final item: %v", err)
+			}
+		default:
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected request %s %s", r.Method, r.URL.String())
+		}
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	d := New(Config{
+		ID:           "od-main",
+		AccessToken:  "access-token",
+		RefreshToken: "refresh-token",
+		APIBaseURL:   srv.URL,
+	})
+	got, err := d.UploadAndReportHash(context.Background(), "parent-id", "big.mp4", strings.NewReader(body), int64(len(body)))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("upload: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !createdSession {
+		t.Fatal("createUploadSession was not called")
+	}
+	wantRanges := []string{
+		"bytes 0-3/13",
+		"bytes 4-7/13",
+		"bytes 8-11/13",
+		"bytes 12-12/13",
+	}
+	if strings.Join(ranges, "|") != strings.Join(wantRanges, "|") {
+		t.Fatalf("ranges = %#v, want %#v", ranges, wantRanges)
+	}
+	if strings.Join(chunks, "") != body {
+		t.Fatalf("uploaded chunks = %q, want %q", strings.Join(chunks, ""), body)
+	}
+	sum := sha1.Sum([]byte(body))
+	if got.FileID != "uploaded-big-id" || got.Size != int64(len(body)) || got.Hash != hex.EncodeToString(sum[:]) {
+		t.Fatalf("upload result = %#v, want file id/hash/size for body", got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestUploadRefreshesExpiredTokenAndReplaysBody(t *testing.T) {
 	var uploadAttempts int
 	var tokenRefreshes int

backend/internal/drives/onedrive/types.go

@@ -82,3 +82,13 @@ type filesResp struct {
 	Value    []graphItem `json:"value"`
 	NextLink string      `json:"@odata.nextLink"`
 }
+
+type UploadResult struct {
+	FileID string
+	Hash   string
+	Size   int64
+}
+
+type uploadSessionResp struct {
+	UploadURL string `json:"uploadUrl"`
+}

backend/internal/drives/pikpak/auth.go

@@ -199,9 +199,8 @@ func (d *Driver) refreshCaptchaToken(ctx context.Context, action string, meta ma
 
 // refreshCaptchaTokenOnce 调 /v1/shield/captcha/init 申请新 captcha token。
 //
-// 如果 retry=true 且服务端返回 4002（captcha_token expired，意味着 body 里
-// 携带的 d.captchaToken 已经过期），就清空缓存的 captcha_token 后再调一次；
-// 这次 body 里 captcha_token 为空，服务端会直接发一个新的。这覆盖
+// 如果 retry=true 且服务端返回 captcha 失效错误（4002 或 9），就清空缓存的
+// captcha_token 后再调一次；这次 body 里 captcha_token 为空，服务端会直接发一个新的。这覆盖
 // driver 重启后 Init() 用持久化的旧 captcha_token 调 captcha init 失败的
 // 场景。
 func (d *Driver) refreshCaptchaTokenOnce(ctx context.Context, action string, meta map[string]string, retry bool) error {
@@ -230,7 +229,7 @@ func (d *Driver) refreshCaptchaTokenOnce(ctx context.Context, action string, met
 		return err
 	}
 	if e.isError() {
-		if retry && e.ErrorCode == 4002 && d.captchaToken != "" {
+		if retry && isCaptchaTokenRejectedCode(e.ErrorCode) && d.captchaToken != "" {
 			d.captchaToken = ""
 			return d.refreshCaptchaTokenOnce(ctx, action, meta, false)
 		}

backend/internal/drives/pikpak/captcha_recovery_test.go

@@ -96,6 +96,65 @@ func TestRefreshCaptchaTokenRecoversFrom4002(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestRefreshCaptchaTokenRecoversFrom9 覆盖 PikPak 返回 error_code=9
+// captcha_invalid 的路径。这个错误和 4002 一样表示当前 captcha_token 已被拒绝；
+// 重试 captcha/init 前必须先清空旧 token，否则服务端会继续拒绝。
+func TestRefreshCaptchaTokenRecoversFrom9(t *testing.T) {
+	var calls int32
+	type bodyShape struct {
+		CaptchaToken string `json:"captcha_token"`
+	}
+	var (
+		firstBody  bodyShape
+		secondBody bodyShape
+	)
+
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	mux.HandleFunc("/v1/shield/captcha/init", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		n := atomic.AddInt32(&calls, 1)
+		switch n {
+		case 1:
+			_ = json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&firstBody)
+			writeErrorJSON(w, `{
+				"error_code": 9,
+				"error": "captcha_invalid",
+				"error_description": "Verification code is invalid"
+			}`)
+		case 2:
+			_ = json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&secondBody)
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+			_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{
+				"captcha_token": "fresh-captcha",
+				"expires_in": 300
+			}`))
+		default:
+			t.Errorf("unexpected captcha init call #%d", n)
+		}
+	})
+	server := httptest.NewServer(mux)
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	d := newTestDriver(t, server)
+	d.captchaToken = "expired-captcha"
+
+	if err := d.refreshCaptchaTokenAtLogin(context.Background(), "GET:/drive/v1/files", "user-1"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("refreshCaptchaTokenAtLogin: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&calls); got != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("captcha init called %d times, want 2", got)
+	}
+	if firstBody.CaptchaToken != "expired-captcha" {
+		t.Errorf("first body captcha_token = %q, want \"expired-captcha\"", firstBody.CaptchaToken)
+	}
+	if secondBody.CaptchaToken != "" {
+		t.Errorf("second body captcha_token = %q, want empty (cleared after error_code=9)", secondBody.CaptchaToken)
+	}
+	if d.captchaToken != "fresh-captcha" {
+		t.Errorf("d.captchaToken = %q, want \"fresh-captcha\"", d.captchaToken)
+	}
+}
+
 // TestRefreshCaptchaTokenDoesNotLoopOn4002WithEmptyToken 防止退化成无限重试：
 // 如果调用方一开始 captchaToken 就是空，又遇上 4002，不应该再清空一次重试
 // （清空后还是空，再发会拿到同样的错误），应该直接返回错误让上层处理。
@@ -121,6 +180,141 @@ func TestRefreshCaptchaTokenDoesNotLoopOn4002WithEmptyToken(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestInitWithRefreshTokenDoesNotSendPersistedCaptchaToken(t *testing.T) {
+	var captchaCalls int32
+	var captchaBody struct {
+		CaptchaToken string `json:"captcha_token"`
+	}
+	var persisted struct {
+		access, refresh, captcha string
+		calls                    int
+	}
+
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	mux.HandleFunc("/v1/auth/token", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{
+			"access_token": "fresh-access",
+			"refresh_token": "fresh-refresh",
+			"sub": "user-1"
+		}`))
+	})
+	mux.HandleFunc("/v1/shield/captcha/init", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		atomic.AddInt32(&captchaCalls, 1)
+		_ = json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&captchaBody)
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{
+			"captcha_token": "fresh-captcha",
+			"expires_in": 300
+		}`))
+	})
+	server := httptest.NewServer(mux)
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	d := newTestDriver(t, server)
+	d.captchaToken = "persisted-stale-captcha"
+	d.onTokenUpdate = func(access, refresh, captcha, deviceID string) {
+		persisted.access = access
+		persisted.refresh = refresh
+		persisted.captcha = captcha
+		persisted.calls++
+	}
+
+	if err := d.Init(context.Background()); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Init: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&captchaCalls); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("captcha init calls = %d, want 1", got)
+	}
+	if captchaBody.CaptchaToken != "" {
+		t.Errorf("captcha init body captcha_token = %q, want empty", captchaBody.CaptchaToken)
+	}
+	if d.captchaToken != "fresh-captcha" {
+		t.Errorf("d.captchaToken = %q, want \"fresh-captcha\"", d.captchaToken)
+	}
+	if persisted.access != "fresh-access" || persisted.refresh != "fresh-refresh" || persisted.captcha != "fresh-captcha" {
+		t.Errorf("persisted tokens = (%q, %q, %q), want fresh values", persisted.access, persisted.refresh, persisted.captcha)
+	}
+	if persisted.calls < 2 {
+		t.Errorf("persist callback calls = %d, want at least 2 (clear stale + persist fresh)", persisted.calls)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInitFallsBackToLoginWhenRefreshReturnsCaptchaInvalid(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		tokenCalls   int32
+		captchaCalls int32
+		signinCalls  int32
+	)
+	var signinBody struct {
+		CaptchaToken string `json:"captcha_token"`
+	}
+
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	mux.HandleFunc("/v1/auth/token", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		atomic.AddInt32(&tokenCalls, 1)
+		writeErrorJSON(w, `{
+			"error_code": 4002,
+			"error": "captcha_invalid",
+			"error_description": "Code(4002) - captcha_token expired"
+		}`)
+	})
+	mux.HandleFunc("/v1/shield/captcha/init", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		n := atomic.AddInt32(&captchaCalls, 1)
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		switch n {
+		case 1:
+			_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{
+				"captcha_token": "login-captcha",
+				"expires_in": 300
+			}`))
+		case 2:
+			_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{
+				"captcha_token": "files-captcha",
+				"expires_in": 300
+			}`))
+		default:
+			t.Errorf("unexpected captcha init call #%d", n)
+		}
+	})
+	mux.HandleFunc("/v1/auth/signin", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		atomic.AddInt32(&signinCalls, 1)
+		_ = json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&signinBody)
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{
+			"access_token": "login-access",
+			"refresh_token": "login-refresh",
+			"sub": "user-1"
+		}`))
+	})
+	server := httptest.NewServer(mux)
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	d := newTestDriver(t, server)
+	d.captchaToken = "persisted-stale-captcha"
+
+	if err := d.Init(context.Background()); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Init: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&tokenCalls); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("token refresh calls = %d, want 1", got)
+	}
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&signinCalls); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("signin calls = %d, want 1", got)
+	}
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&captchaCalls); got != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("captcha init calls = %d, want 2 (login + post-login files action)", got)
+	}
+	if signinBody.CaptchaToken != "login-captcha" {
+		t.Errorf("signin captcha_token = %q, want \"login-captcha\"", signinBody.CaptchaToken)
+	}
+	if d.accessToken != "login-access" || d.refreshToken != "login-refresh" || d.captchaToken != "files-captcha" {
+		t.Errorf("driver tokens = (%q, %q, %q), want login/files tokens", d.accessToken, d.refreshToken, d.captchaToken)
+	}
+}
+
 // TestRequestOnceRecoversFrom4002OnAPICall 验证一个普通 API 调用收到 4002
 // 时，requestOnce 会先清空 captchaToken、再走 captcha 刷新，最后用新 token
 // 重试请求，最终成功返回。
@@ -196,6 +390,76 @@ func TestRequestOnceRecoversFrom4002OnAPICall(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestRequestOnceRecoversFrom9OnAPICall 验证普通 API 调用收到 error_code=9
+// 时，会先清空旧 captchaToken，再刷新 captcha 并重试原请求。
+func TestRequestOnceRecoversFrom9OnAPICall(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		filesCalls   int32
+		captchaCalls int32
+	)
+	type capturedFiles struct {
+		captchaHeader string
+	}
+	var firstFiles, secondFiles capturedFiles
+
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	mux.HandleFunc("/drive/v1/files", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		n := atomic.AddInt32(&filesCalls, 1)
+		switch n {
+		case 1:
+			firstFiles.captchaHeader = r.Header.Get("X-Captcha-Token")
+			writeErrorJSON(w, `{
+				"error_code": 9,
+				"error": "captcha_invalid",
+				"error_description": "Verification code is invalid"
+			}`)
+		case 2:
+			secondFiles.captchaHeader = r.Header.Get("X-Captcha-Token")
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+			_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"files": [], "next_page_token": ""}`))
+		default:
+			t.Errorf("unexpected /drive/v1/files call #%d", n)
+		}
+	})
+	mux.HandleFunc("/v1/shield/captcha/init", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		atomic.AddInt32(&captchaCalls, 1)
+		var body struct {
+			CaptchaToken string `json:"captcha_token"`
+		}
+		_ = json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&body)
+		if body.CaptchaToken != "" {
+			t.Errorf("captcha init body captcha_token = %q, want empty (error_code=9 path should clear cache)", body.CaptchaToken)
+		}
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"captcha_token": "fresh-captcha", "expires_in": 300}`))
+	})
+	server := httptest.NewServer(mux)
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	d := newTestDriver(t, server)
+	d.captchaToken = "expired-captcha"
+
+	if _, err := d.List(context.Background(), "any-parent"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("List: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&filesCalls); got != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("/drive/v1/files calls = %d, want 2 (initial + retry)", got)
+	}
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&captchaCalls); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("captcha init calls = %d, want 1", got)
+	}
+	if firstFiles.captchaHeader != "expired-captcha" {
+		t.Errorf("first request X-Captcha-Token = %q, want \"expired-captcha\"", firstFiles.captchaHeader)
+	}
+	if secondFiles.captchaHeader != "fresh-captcha" {
+		t.Errorf("retry X-Captcha-Token = %q, want \"fresh-captcha\"", secondFiles.captchaHeader)
+	}
+	if d.captchaToken != "fresh-captcha" {
+		t.Errorf("d.captchaToken after recovery = %q, want \"fresh-captcha\"", d.captchaToken)
+	}
+}
+
 // TestRequestOnceDoesNotRetryTwiceOn4002 验证 4002 恢复路径只重试一次；
 // 如果重试请求依然失败（哪怕是再来一个 4002），也不会再次进入恢复逻辑，
 // 而是把错误返回出去，避免无限循环。

backend/internal/drives/pikpak/driver.go

@@ -121,9 +121,28 @@ func (d *Driver) ID() string     { return d.id }
 func (d *Driver) RootID() string { return d.rootID }
 
 func (d *Driver) Init(ctx context.Context) error {
+	clearPersistedCaptcha := func() {
+		if d.captchaToken == "" {
+			return
+		}
+		d.captchaToken = ""
+		d.persistTokens()
+	}
+
 	if d.refreshToken != "" {
 		if err := d.refresh(ctx, d.refreshToken); err != nil {
-			return err
+			if !IsCaptchaError(err) || d.username == "" || d.password == "" {
+				return err
+			}
+			clearPersistedCaptcha()
+			if err := d.login(ctx); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("pikpak refresh captcha recovery login: %w", err)
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Persisted captcha tokens are short-lived. With a refresh token we can
+			// safely request a fresh captcha token after auth, and avoiding the
+			// stored value prevents known-stale tokens from poisoning startup.
+			clearPersistedCaptcha()
 		}
 	} else {
 		if err := d.login(ctx); err != nil {
@@ -336,7 +355,60 @@ func (d *Driver) Rename(ctx context.Context, fileID, newName string) error {
 }
 
 func (d *Driver) EnsureDir(ctx context.Context, pathFromRoot string) (string, error) {
-	return "", drives.ErrNotSupported
+	currentID := d.rootID
+	for _, name := range splitPath(pathFromRoot) {
+		childID, err := d.findChildDir(ctx, currentID, name)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		if childID == "" {
+			childID, err = d.makeDir(ctx, currentID, name)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", err
+			}
+		}
+		currentID = childID
+	}
+	return currentID, nil
+}
+
+func (d *Driver) findChildDir(ctx context.Context, parentID, name string) (string, error) {
+	entries, err := d.List(ctx, parentID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		if e.IsDir && e.Name == name {
+			return e.ID, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return "", nil
+}
+
+func (d *Driver) makeDir(ctx context.Context, parentID, name string) (string, error) {
+	var out file
+	err := d.request(ctx, filesURL, http.MethodPost, func(req *resty.Request) {
+		req.SetBody(map[string]any{
+			"kind":      "drive#folder",
+			"parent_id": parentID,
+			"name":      name,
+		})
+	}, &out)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("pikpak mkdir %s: %w", name, err)
+	}
+	if out.ID == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("pikpak mkdir %s: empty folder id", name)
+	}
+	return out.ID, nil
+}
+
+func splitPath(p string) []string {
+	p = strings.Trim(p, "/")
+	if p == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return strings.Split(p, "/")
 }
 
 func (d *Driver) getFiles(ctx context.Context, parentID string) ([]file, error) {
@@ -408,14 +480,15 @@ func (d *Driver) requestOnce(ctx context.Context, url, method string, configure
 				// serialized. Once we hold the lock, if d.captchaToken has
 				// already moved past staleToken, another goroutine has refreshed
 				// it for us — we skip the refresh and just retry. Otherwise we
-				// clear the cached token (4002 means "the value in the body is
-				// expired"; sending it again will keep returning 4002) and ask
-				// /v1/shield/captcha/init for a fresh one.
+				// clear the cached token before asking /v1/shield/captcha/init
+				// for a fresh one. PikPak may report stale captcha as either
+				// 4002 or 9, and sending the rejected token into captcha init can
+				// keep returning captcha_invalid.
 				staleToken := d.captchaToken
 				d.captchaMu.Lock()
 				var refreshErr error
 				if d.captchaToken == staleToken {
-					if e.ErrorCode == 4002 {
+					if d.captchaToken != "" {
 						d.captchaToken = ""
 					}
 					refreshErr = d.refreshCaptchaTokenAtLogin(ctx, getAction(method, url), d.userID)

backend/internal/drives/pikpak/driver_test.go

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 package pikpak
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
-
-	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives"
 )
 
 func TestNewDefaults(t *testing.T) {
@@ -95,11 +97,85 @@ func TestFolderToEntry(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestEnsureDirStillUnsupported(t *testing.T) {
-	d := New(Config{ID: "pikpak-main"})
+func TestEnsureDirReusesExistingFolder(t *testing.T) {
+	var postCalled bool
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	mux.HandleFunc("/drive/v1/files", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch r.Method {
+		case http.MethodGet:
+			if got := r.URL.Query().Get("parent_id"); got != "root-id" {
+				t.Fatalf("parent_id = %q, want root-id", got)
+			}
+			writePikPakJSON(t, w, map[string]any{
+				"files": []map[string]any{{
+					"id":   "existing-folder-id",
+					"kind": "drive#folder",
+					"name": "91 Spider",
+				}},
+			})
+		case http.MethodPost:
+			postCalled = true
+			t.Fatalf("existing folder should not be created again")
+		default:
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected method %s", r.Method)
+		}
+	})
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(mux)
+	defer srv.Close()
 
-	if _, err := d.EnsureDir(nil, "/previews"); err != drives.ErrNotSupported {
-		t.Fatalf("EnsureDir error = %v, want ErrNotSupported", err)
+	d := newTestDriver(t, srv)
+	got, err := d.EnsureDir(context.Background(), "91 Spider")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ensure dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got != "existing-folder-id" {
+		t.Fatalf("dir id = %q, want existing-folder-id", got)
+	}
+	if postCalled {
+		t.Fatal("POST should not be called")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEnsureDirCreatesMissingFolder(t *testing.T) {
+	var got uploadRequestBody
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	mux.HandleFunc("/drive/v1/files", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch r.Method {
+		case http.MethodGet:
+			writePikPakJSON(t, w, map[string]any{"files": []map[string]any{}})
+		case http.MethodPost:
+			if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&got); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("decode create folder body: %v", err)
+			}
+			writePikPakJSON(t, w, map[string]any{
+				"id":   "new-folder-id",
+				"kind": "drive#folder",
+				"name": "91 Spider",
+			})
+		default:
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected method %s", r.Method)
+		}
+	})
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(mux)
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	d := newTestDriver(t, srv)
+	id, err := d.EnsureDir(context.Background(), "91 Spider")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ensure dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	if id != "new-folder-id" {
+		t.Fatalf("dir id = %q, want new-folder-id", id)
+	}
+	if got.Kind != "drive#folder" || got.ParentID != "root-id" || got.Name != "91 Spider" {
+		t.Fatalf("create folder body = %#v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func writePikPakJSON(t *testing.T, w http.ResponseWriter, body any) {
+	t.Helper()
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(body); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write json: %v", err)
 	}
-	// Upload 的真实实现见 upload_test.go。
 }

backend/internal/drives/pikpak/types.go

@@ -59,6 +59,10 @@ func (e *errResp) Error() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("pikpak error_code=%d error=%s description=%s", e.ErrorCode, e.ErrorMsg, e.ErrorDescription)
 }
 
+func isCaptchaTokenRejectedCode(code int64) bool {
+	return code == 9 || code == 4002
+}
+
 // APIError is the public alias for the PikPak API error response. Callers
 // outside this package (e.g. the spider91→PikPak migrator, tests) can either
 // construct it for fakes or unwrap it via errors.As. Prefer IsCaptchaError
@@ -76,7 +80,7 @@ func IsCaptchaError(err error) bool {
 	}
 	var e *errResp
 	if errors.As(err, &e) {
-		return e != nil && (e.ErrorCode == 4002 || e.ErrorCode == 9)
+		return e != nil && isCaptchaTokenRejectedCode(e.ErrorCode)
 	}
 	return false
 }

backend/internal/drives/spider91/crawler.go

@@ -463,8 +463,7 @@ func (c *Crawler) processOne(ctx context.Context, videoID string, item spiderVid
 		// 网站封面下载失败的视频：spider91 drive 的 thumb worker 按设计不
 		// 处理 spider91 视频（封面应是网站原图直接保存），所以没人接手。
 		// 显式标 'failed' 让 CountVideosNeedingThumbnail 排除（条件 status
-		// != 'failed'），否则 enqueueDriveGeneration → waitForThumbnailsBeforePreview
-		// 会因为 count > 0 把 teaser 入队永远卡在等待循环里。
+		// != 'failed'），避免后续封面补队列一直重复捞到这条视频。
 		_ = c.cfg.Catalog.UpdateVideoMeta(ctx, v.ID, catalog.VideoMetaPatch{
 			ThumbnailStatus: "failed",
 		})

backend/internal/drives/spider91/crawler_test.go

@@ -234,13 +234,13 @@ func TestCrawlerRunOnceMissingScript(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // TestCrawlerThumbDownloadFailureMarksStatusFailed 验证：网站封面下载失败时
-// crawler 把 thumbnail_status 显式标 'failed'，避免 enqueueDriveGeneration 的
-// waitForThumbnailsBeforePreview 因为 count > 0 把 teaser 卡死等待。
+// crawler 把 thumbnail_status 显式标 'failed'，避免后续封面补队列一直重复
+// 捞到这条 spider91 视频。
 //
 // 历史 bug：之前 thumb 下载失败仅打 log，url=”, status 走 schema DEFAULT 'pending'。
 // CountVideosNeedingThumbnail 条件是 url=” AND status != 'failed' → count=1。
-// spider91 drive 的 thumb worker 按设计不处理 spider91 视频 → 没人会改 status。
-// 结果 teaser 永远卡在 [preview] waiting for 1 thumbnails before teaser generation。
+// spider91 drive 的 thumb worker 按设计不处理 spider91 视频 → 没人会改 status，
+// 后续补队列会一直认为它还缺封面。
 func TestCrawlerThumbDownloadFailureMarksStatusFailed(t *testing.T) {
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		t.Skip("shell-based fake script only on unix")
@@ -317,8 +317,7 @@ func TestCrawlerThumbDownloadFailureMarksStatusFailed(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// 关键断言：CountVideosNeedingThumbnail 应该返回 0。
 	// 该函数的 SQL 条件是 `url = '' AND status != 'failed'`；如果 crawler 没把
-	// status 标 'failed'（schema DEFAULT 'pending'），count 就会是 1，外层
-	// waitForThumbnailsBeforePreview 会因为 count > 0 把 teaser 卡死等待。
+	// status 标 'failed'（schema DEFAULT 'pending'），count 就会是 1。
 	count, err := cat.CountVideosNeedingThumbnail(context.Background(), driveID)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("count: %v", err)

backend/internal/fingerprint/worker.go

@@ -0,0 +1,468 @@
+package fingerprint
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/catalog"
+	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives"
+)
+
+const (
+	defaultSampleSizeBytes int64 = 512 * 1024
+	defaultFullHashMaxSize int64 = 8 * 1024 * 1024
+	defaultCooldown              = 5 * time.Minute
+	defaultWorkerQueueSize       = 10000
+)
+
+type Config struct {
+	SampleSizeBytes   int64
+	FullHashMaxSize   int64
+	RateLimitCooldown time.Duration
+	HTTPClient        *http.Client
+}
+
+type Worker struct {
+	Catalog *catalog.Catalog
+	Drive   drives.Drive
+	Config  Config
+
+	ch       chan *catalog.Video
+	queue    videoQueue
+	activity taskActivity
+	cooldown cooldownState
+	http     *http.Client
+}
+
+type TaskStatus struct {
+	State         string
+	CurrentTitle  string
+	QueueLength   int
+	CooldownUntil time.Time
+}
+
+func NewWorker(cat *catalog.Catalog, drv drives.Drive, cfg Config) *Worker {
+	hc := cfg.HTTPClient
+	if hc == nil {
+		hc = &http.Client{Timeout: 0}
+	}
+	if cfg.SampleSizeBytes <= 0 {
+		cfg.SampleSizeBytes = defaultSampleSizeBytes
+	}
+	if cfg.FullHashMaxSize <= 0 {
+		cfg.FullHashMaxSize = defaultFullHashMaxSize
+	}
+	if cfg.RateLimitCooldown <= 0 {
+		cfg.RateLimitCooldown = defaultCooldown
+	}
+	return &Worker{
+		Catalog: cat,
+		Drive:   drv,
+		Config:  cfg,
+		ch:      make(chan *catalog.Video, defaultWorkerQueueSize),
+		http:    hc,
+	}
+}
+
+func (w *Worker) Enqueue(v *catalog.Video) bool {
+	if v == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !w.queue.reserve(v.ID) {
+		return true
+	}
+	select {
+	case w.ch <- v:
+		return true
+	default:
+		w.queue.release(v.ID)
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func (w *Worker) EnqueueBlocking(ctx context.Context, v *catalog.Video) bool {
+	if v == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !w.queue.reserve(v.ID) {
+		return true
+	}
+	select {
+	case w.ch <- v:
+		return true
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		w.queue.release(v.ID)
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func (w *Worker) Run(ctx context.Context) {
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case v := <-w.ch:
+			w.processQueued(ctx, v)
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			case <-time.After(500 * time.Millisecond):
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (w *Worker) Status() TaskStatus {
+	if w == nil {
+		return TaskStatus{State: "idle"}
+	}
+	currentID, currentTitle := w.activity.current()
+	status := TaskStatus{
+		State:        "idle",
+		CurrentTitle: currentTitle,
+		QueueLength:  w.queue.lengthExcluding(currentID),
+	}
+	if until, ok := w.cooldown.active(time.Now()); ok {
+		status.State = "cooling"
+		status.CooldownUntil = until
+		return status
+	}
+	if currentID != "" {
+		status.State = "generating"
+		return status
+	}
+	if status.QueueLength > 0 {
+		status.State = "queued"
+	}
+	return status
+}
+
+func (w *Worker) processQueued(ctx context.Context, v *catalog.Video) {
+	defer w.queue.release(v.ID)
+	if w.Catalog == nil || w.Drive == nil || v == nil || v.ID == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	current, err := w.Catalog.GetVideo(ctx, v.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if current.SampledSHA256 != "" || current.FingerprintStatus == "ready" || current.Hidden {
+		return
+	}
+	w.activity.start(current)
+	defer w.activity.done()
+	sum, err := Compute(ctx, w.Drive, current, w.Config, w.http)
+	if err != nil {
+		var rl *drives.RateLimitError
+		if errors.As(err, &rl) {
+			wait := rl.RetryAfter
+			if wait <= 0 {
+				wait = w.Config.RateLimitCooldown
+			}
+			until := time.Now().Add(wait)
+			w.cooldown.set(until)
+			log.Printf("[fingerprint] drive=%s rate limited; keep video=%s pending and cool down for %s: %v", w.Drive.ID(), current.ID, wait, err)
+			sleepContext(ctx, wait)
+			w.cooldown.clear(until)
+			return
+		}
+		log.Printf("[fingerprint] video=%s failed: %v", current.ID, err)
+		_ = w.Catalog.UpdateVideoFingerprint(ctx, current.ID, "", "failed", err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+	if err := w.Catalog.UpdateVideoFingerprint(ctx, current.ID, sum, "ready", ""); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[fingerprint] update video=%s: %v", current.ID, err)
+		return
+	}
+	log.Printf("[fingerprint] video=%s ready sampled_sha256=%s", current.ID, sum)
+}
+
+func Compute(ctx context.Context, drv drives.Drive, v *catalog.Video, cfg Config, hc *http.Client) (string, error) {
+	if drv == nil {
+		return "", errors.New("fingerprint: nil drive")
+	}
+	if v == nil {
+		return "", errors.New("fingerprint: nil video")
+	}
+	if v.Size <= 0 {
+		return "", errors.New("fingerprint: video size is empty")
+	}
+	if cfg.SampleSizeBytes <= 0 {
+		cfg.SampleSizeBytes = defaultSampleSizeBytes
+	}
+	if cfg.FullHashMaxSize <= 0 {
+		cfg.FullHashMaxSize = defaultFullHashMaxSize
+	}
+	if hc == nil {
+		hc = &http.Client{Timeout: 0}
+	}
+	link, err := drv.StreamURL(ctx, v.FileID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("fingerprint: stream url: %w", err)
+	}
+	if link == nil || strings.TrimSpace(link.URL) == "" {
+		return "", errors.New("fingerprint: empty stream url")
+	}
+	ranges := sampleRanges(v.Size, cfg.SampleSizeBytes, cfg.FullHashMaxSize)
+	h := sha256.New()
+	writeHashHeader(h, v.Size, ranges)
+	for _, r := range ranges {
+		data, err := readRange(ctx, hc, link, r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		if int64(len(data)) != r.length {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("fingerprint: short sample at %d: got %d want %d", r.start, len(data), r.length)
+		}
+		_, _ = h.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("offset=%d length=%d\n", r.start, r.length)))
+		_, _ = h.Write(data)
+		_, _ = h.Write([]byte("\n"))
+	}
+	return hex.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil)), nil
+}
+
+type byteRange struct {
+	start  int64
+	length int64
+}
+
+func sampleRanges(size, sampleSize, fullHashMax int64) []byteRange {
+	if size <= fullHashMax {
+		return []byteRange{{start: 0, length: size}}
+	}
+	if sampleSize > size {
+		sampleSize = size
+	}
+	maxStart := size - sampleSize
+	percents := []int64{0, 20, 40, 60, 80}
+	out := make([]byteRange, 0, len(percents))
+	seen := make(map[int64]struct{}, len(percents))
+	for _, pct := range percents {
+		start := maxStart * pct / 100
+		if _, ok := seen[start]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[start] = struct{}{}
+		out = append(out, byteRange{start: start, length: sampleSize})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func writeHashHeader(w io.Writer, size int64, ranges []byteRange) {
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(w, "video-site-sampled-sha256-v1\nsize=%d\nsamples=%d\n", size, len(ranges))
+}
+
+func readRange(ctx context.Context, hc *http.Client, link *drives.StreamLink, r byteRange) ([]byte, error) {
+	u, err := url.Parse(link.URL)
+	if err == nil && (u.Scheme == "http" || u.Scheme == "https") {
+		return readHTTPRange(ctx, hc, link, r)
+	}
+	path := link.URL
+	if err == nil && u.Scheme == "file" {
+		path = u.Path
+	}
+	return readLocalRange(path, r)
+}
+
+func readLocalRange(path string, r byteRange) ([]byte, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("fingerprint: open local stream: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	buf := make([]byte, r.length)
+	n, err := f.ReadAt(buf, r.start)
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("fingerprint: read local sample: %w", err)
+	}
+	if int64(n) != r.length {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("fingerprint: read local sample at %d: got %d want %d", r.start, n, r.length)
+	}
+	return buf, nil
+}
+
+func readHTTPRange(ctx context.Context, hc *http.Client, link *drives.StreamLink, r byteRange) ([]byte, error) {
+	end := r.start + r.length - 1
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, link.URL, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	for k, vs := range link.Headers {
+		for _, v := range vs {
+			req.Header.Add(k, v)
+		}
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Range", fmt.Sprintf("bytes=%d-%d", r.start, end))
+	resp, err := hc.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("fingerprint: read remote sample: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusTooManyRequests {
+		return nil, &drives.RateLimitError{
+			Provider:   "fingerprint",
+			RetryAfter: parseRetryAfter(resp.Header.Get("Retry-After")),
+			Err:        fmt.Errorf("remote sample rate limited: status=%d", resp.StatusCode),
+		}
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusPartialContent {
+		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK && r.start == 0 {
+			data, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, r.length+1))
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			if int64(len(data)) == r.length {
+				return data, nil
+			}
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("fingerprint: range request got status=%d for bytes=%d-%d", resp.StatusCode, r.start, end)
+	}
+	return io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, r.length))
+}
+
+func parseRetryAfter(raw string) time.Duration {
+	raw = strings.TrimSpace(raw)
+	if raw == "" {
+		return 0
+	}
+	if seconds, err := strconv.Atoi(raw); err == nil && seconds > 0 {
+		return time.Duration(seconds) * time.Second
+	}
+	if when, err := http.ParseTime(raw); err == nil {
+		d := time.Until(when)
+		if d > 0 {
+			return d
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func sleepContext(ctx context.Context, d time.Duration) bool {
+	if d <= 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	timer := time.NewTimer(d)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return false
+	case <-timer.C:
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
+type taskActivity struct {
+	mu           sync.Mutex
+	currentID    string
+	currentTitle string
+}
+
+func (a *taskActivity) start(v *catalog.Video) {
+	a.mu.Lock()
+	defer a.mu.Unlock()
+	if v == nil {
+		a.currentID = ""
+		a.currentTitle = ""
+		return
+	}
+	a.currentID = v.ID
+	a.currentTitle = v.Title
+}
+
+func (a *taskActivity) done() {
+	a.mu.Lock()
+	a.currentID = ""
+	a.currentTitle = ""
+	a.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (a *taskActivity) current() (string, string) {
+	a.mu.Lock()
+	defer a.mu.Unlock()
+	return a.currentID, a.currentTitle
+}
+
+type cooldownState struct {
+	mu    sync.Mutex
+	until time.Time
+}
+
+func (s *cooldownState) set(until time.Time) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.until = until
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (s *cooldownState) clear(until time.Time) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	if s.until.Equal(until) {
+		s.until = time.Time{}
+	}
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (s *cooldownState) active(now time.Time) (time.Time, bool) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	if s.until.IsZero() || !s.until.After(now) {
+		return time.Time{}, false
+	}
+	return s.until, true
+}
+
+type videoQueue struct {
+	mu  sync.Mutex
+	ids map[string]struct{}
+}
+
+func (q *videoQueue) reserve(id string) bool {
+	if id == "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	q.mu.Lock()
+	defer q.mu.Unlock()
+	if q.ids == nil {
+		q.ids = make(map[string]struct{})
+	}
+	if _, ok := q.ids[id]; ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	q.ids[id] = struct{}{}
+	return true
+}
+
+func (q *videoQueue) release(id string) {
+	if id == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	q.mu.Lock()
+	delete(q.ids, id)
+	q.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (q *videoQueue) lengthExcluding(currentID string) int {
+	q.mu.Lock()
+	defer q.mu.Unlock()
+	n := len(q.ids)
+	if currentID != "" {
+		if _, ok := q.ids[currentID]; ok {
+			n--
+		}
+	}
+	if n < 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return n
+}

backend/internal/fingerprint/worker_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+package fingerprint
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/catalog"
+	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives"
+)
+
+func TestComputeLocalFilesWithSameContentMatch(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	body := []byte("same video bytes")
+	a := filepath.Join(dir, "a.mp4")
+	b := filepath.Join(dir, "b.mp4")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(a, body, 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write a: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(b, body, 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write b: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	sumA, err := Compute(ctx, &fakeDrive{paths: map[string]string{"a": a}}, &catalog.Video{ID: "a", FileID: "a", Size: int64(len(body))}, Config{}, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("compute a: %v", err)
+	}
+	sumB, err := Compute(ctx, &fakeDrive{paths: map[string]string{"b": b}}, &catalog.Video{ID: "b", FileID: "b", Size: int64(len(body))}, Config{}, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("compute b: %v", err)
+	}
+	if sumA == "" || sumA != sumB {
+		t.Fatalf("fingerprints = %q / %q, want same non-empty", sumA, sumB)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestComputeRemoteUsesRangeSamples(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	data := make([]byte, 10*1024*1024)
+	for i := range data {
+		data[i] = byte(i % 251)
+	}
+	var ranges []string
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		rawRange := r.Header.Get("Range")
+		ranges = append(ranges, rawRange)
+		var start, end int
+		if _, err := fmt.Sscanf(rawRange, "bytes=%d-%d", &start, &end); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("bad range %q: %v", rawRange, err)
+		}
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Range", fmt.Sprintf("bytes %d-%d/%d", start, end, len(data)))
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusPartialContent)
+		_, _ = w.Write(data[start : end+1])
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	drv := &fakeDrive{paths: map[string]string{"remote": srv.URL + "/video.mp4"}}
+	sum, err := Compute(ctx, drv, &catalog.Video{ID: "remote", FileID: "remote", Size: int64(len(data))}, Config{
+		SampleSizeBytes: 4,
+		FullHashMaxSize: 8,
+		HTTPClient:      srv.Client(),
+	}, srv.Client())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("compute remote: %v", err)
+	}
+	if sum == "" {
+		t.Fatal("fingerprint should not be empty")
+	}
+	want := []string{
+		"bytes=0-3",
+		"bytes=2097151-2097154",
+		"bytes=4194302-4194305",
+		"bytes=6291453-6291456",
+		"bytes=8388604-8388607",
+	}
+	if fmt.Sprint(ranges) != fmt.Sprint(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("ranges = %#v, want %#v", ranges, want)
+	}
+}
+
+type fakeDrive struct {
+	paths map[string]string
+}
+
+func (d *fakeDrive) Kind() string { return "fake" }
+func (d *fakeDrive) ID() string   { return "fake" }
+func (d *fakeDrive) Init(context.Context) error {
+	return nil
+}
+func (d *fakeDrive) List(context.Context, string) ([]drives.Entry, error) {
+	return nil, drives.ErrNotSupported
+}
+func (d *fakeDrive) Stat(context.Context, string) (*drives.Entry, error) {
+	return nil, drives.ErrNotSupported
+}
+func (d *fakeDrive) StreamURL(_ context.Context, fileID string) (*drives.StreamLink, error) {
+	return &drives.StreamLink{URL: d.paths[fileID], Expires: time.Now().Add(time.Minute)}, nil
+}
+func (d *fakeDrive) Upload(context.Context, string, string, io.Reader, int64) (string, error) {
+	return "", drives.ErrNotSupported
+}
+func (d *fakeDrive) EnsureDir(context.Context, string) (string, error) {
+	return "", drives.ErrNotSupported
+}
+func (d *fakeDrive) RootID() string { return "root" }

backend/internal/nightly/runner.go

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 //	         wait until teaser queues are idle
 //	Phase 3: spider91 → cloud migration (single sweep, captcha cooldown still
 //	         honored within this call)
+//	Phase 4: cleanup duplicate local preview/thumbnail assets after sampled
+//	         fingerprints have identified canonical videos
 //
 // A 6h soft deadline guards each pipeline run; phases check deadline at their
 // boundaries and exit cleanly if exceeded (no in-flight ffmpeg / upload is
@@ -85,6 +87,11 @@ type Config struct {
 	// RunMigration runs spider91migrate.Migrator.RunOnce for Phase 3.
 	RunMigration func(ctx context.Context) error
 
+	// RunDedupeAssetCleanup removes generated local assets from non-canonical
+	// videos in size+sampled_sha256 duplicate groups. It must not delete cloud
+	// files or catalog rows.
+	RunDedupeAssetCleanup func(ctx context.Context) error
+
 	// Now is injected for tests; nil → time.Now.
 	Now func() time.Time
 }
@@ -131,9 +138,10 @@ func (r *Runner) Run(ctx context.Context) {
 	}
 }
 
-// TriggerNow asks the running loop to fire a pipeline ASAP. If a pipeline is
-// already in progress (or another trigger is already pending), the request
-// is dropped — the in-progress run will absorb the intent.
+// TriggerNow asks the running loop to fire a pipeline ASAP. The trigger channel
+// is buffered(1): if a pipeline is already in progress, one follow-up run may
+// remain pending and will start after the current run finishes. Additional
+// clicks while that follow-up is pending are ignored.
 func (r *Runner) TriggerNow() {
 	select {
 	case r.trigger <- struct{}{}:
@@ -240,6 +248,7 @@ func (r *Runner) runPipeline(ctx context.Context) {
 	}
 	if len(spiderIDs) == 0 {
 		log.Printf("[nightly] phase 2/3 skipped: no spider91 drive configured")
+		r.runDedupeAssetCleanupPhase(ctx)
 		return
 	}
 	log.Printf("[nightly] phase 2: crawling %d spider91 drive(s)", len(spiderIDs))
@@ -266,6 +275,8 @@ func (r *Runner) runPipeline(ctx context.Context) {
 			log.Printf("[nightly] phase 3 migration: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
+
+	r.runDedupeAssetCleanupPhase(ctx)
 }
 
 // checkDeadline returns true when ctx is already done (runner shutting down or
@@ -291,6 +302,19 @@ func (r *Runner) waitIdle(ctx context.Context, phase string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (r *Runner) runDedupeAssetCleanupPhase(ctx context.Context) {
+	if r.checkDeadline(ctx, "phase 4") {
+		return
+	}
+	if r.cfg.RunDedupeAssetCleanup == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	log.Printf("[nightly] phase 4: duplicate asset cleanup")
+	if err := r.cfg.RunDedupeAssetCleanup(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[nightly] phase 4 duplicate asset cleanup: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 // readLastRunDate reads the persisted last_run_date or returns "" when unset.
 func (r *Runner) readLastRunDate(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
 	if r.cfg.Settings == nil {

backend/internal/nightly/runner_test.go

@@ -114,6 +114,10 @@ func TestRunPipelineHonoursPhaseOrder(t *testing.T) {
 			rec.push("migrate")
 			return nil
 		},
+		RunDedupeAssetCleanup: func(context.Context) error {
+			rec.push("dedupe-cleanup")
+			return nil
+		},
 	})
 
 	r.runPipeline(context.Background())
@@ -128,6 +132,7 @@ func TestRunPipelineHonoursPhaseOrder(t *testing.T) {
 		"crawl:sp-1",
 		"wait-idle", // after phase 2
 		"migrate",
+		"dedupe-cleanup",
 	}
 	if len(got) != len(want) {
 		t.Fatalf("call sequence len = %d, want %d; got=%v", len(got), len(want), got)
@@ -156,6 +161,10 @@ func TestRunPipelineSkipsMigrationWhenNoSpider91(t *testing.T) {
 			rec.push("migrate")
 			return nil
 		},
+		RunDedupeAssetCleanup: func(context.Context) error {
+			rec.push("dedupe-cleanup")
+			return nil
+		},
 	})
 
 	r.runPipeline(context.Background())
@@ -165,6 +174,15 @@ func TestRunPipelineSkipsMigrationWhenNoSpider91(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatalf("phase 2/3 should be skipped when no spider91 drive, got call %q", c)
 		}
 	}
+	foundCleanup := false
+	for _, c := range rec.snapshot() {
+		if c == "dedupe-cleanup" {
+			foundCleanup = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !foundCleanup {
+		t.Fatalf("dedupe cleanup should still run when spider91 is absent; calls=%v", rec.snapshot())
+	}
 }
 
 func TestRunPipelineExitsWhenContextCancelledMidPhase(t *testing.T) {
@@ -186,6 +204,7 @@ func TestRunPipelineExitsWhenContextCancelledMidPhase(t *testing.T) {
 		RunSpider91Crawl:      func(context.Context, string) { rec.push("crawl") },
 		WaitPreviewQueuesIdle: func(context.Context) error { rec.push("wait-idle"); return nil },
 		RunMigration:          func(context.Context) error { rec.push("migrate"); return nil },
+		RunDedupeAssetCleanup: func(context.Context) error { rec.push("dedupe-cleanup"); return nil },
 	})
 
 	r.runPipeline(ctx)
@@ -200,6 +219,9 @@ func TestRunPipelineExitsWhenContextCancelledMidPhase(t *testing.T) {
 		if c == "crawl" || c == "migrate" {
 			t.Fatalf("subsequent phase should not run after cancel, got call %q", c)
 		}
+		if c == "dedupe-cleanup" {
+			t.Fatalf("dedupe cleanup should not run after cancel, got call %q", c)
+		}
 	}
 }
 

backend/internal/preview/ffmpeg.go

@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ func (g *Generator) generateThumbnailAtOffset(ctx context.Context, link *drives.
 	args = append(args,
 		"-i", ffmpegLink.URL,
 		"-frames:v", "1",
-		"-vf", fmt.Sprintf("scale=%d:-2", g.cfg.Width),
+		"-vf", thumbnailVideoFilter(g.cfg.Width),
 		"-q:v", "3",
 		"-y", dst,
 	)
@@ -307,6 +307,12 @@ func (g *Generator) generateThumbnailAtOffset(ctx context.Context, link *drives.
 	return nil
 }
 
+func thumbnailVideoFilter(width int) string {
+	// FFmpeg 7 rejects non-full-range YUV for MJPEG/JPEG output. Force the
+	// scaled frame into a JPEG-friendly full-range pixel format before encode.
+	return fmt.Sprintf("scale=%d:-2:out_range=pc,format=yuvj420p", width)
+}
+
 func thumbnailOffsetFallbackAllowed(err error) bool {
 	if err == nil {
 		return false
@@ -923,6 +929,7 @@ func ffmpegOutputLooksRateLimited(output []byte) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 	return strings.Contains(text, "too many requests") ||
+		strings.Contains(text, "throttl") ||
 		strings.Contains(text, "rate limit") ||
 		strings.Contains(text, "rate-limit") ||
 		strings.Contains(text, "server returned 429")
@@ -968,7 +975,6 @@ type Worker struct {
 	queue   videoQueue
 
 	RateLimitCooldown time.Duration
-	BeforeTask        func(context.Context) bool
 	rateLimit         rateLimitState
 	activity          taskActivity
 }
@@ -978,7 +984,7 @@ func NewWorker(gen TeaserGenerator, cat *catalog.Catalog, drv drives.Drive) *Wor
 		Gen:     gen,
 		Catalog: cat,
 		Drive:   drv,
-		ch:      make(chan *catalog.Video, 4096),
+		ch:      make(chan *catalog.Video, defaultWorkerQueueSize),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1029,6 +1035,7 @@ type ThumbWorker struct {
 const (
 	defaultTransientMediaCooldown            = 5 * time.Minute
 	defaultGenerationRateLimitCooldown       = 5 * time.Minute
+	defaultWorkerQueueSize                   = 10000
 	maxPreviewTeaserSizeBytes          int64 = 5 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024
 	previewStatusSkipped                     = "skipped"
 )
@@ -1168,7 +1175,7 @@ func NewThumbWorker(gen ThumbnailGenerator, cat *catalog.Catalog, drv drives.Dri
 		Gen:     gen,
 		Catalog: cat,
 		Drive:   drv,
-		ch:      make(chan *catalog.Video, 4096),
+		ch:      make(chan *catalog.Video, defaultWorkerQueueSize),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1323,10 +1330,6 @@ func (w *ThumbWorker) Run(ctx context.Context) {
 
 func (w *Worker) processQueued(ctx context.Context, v *catalog.Video) {
 	defer w.queue.release(v)
-	if w.BeforeTask != nil && !w.BeforeTask(ctx) {
-		return
-	}
-
 	w.activity.start(v)
 	defer w.activity.done()
 	if !waitForRateLimitCooldown(ctx, &w.rateLimit, "preview", w.Drive) {
@@ -1482,29 +1485,53 @@ func (w *ThumbWorker) process(ctx context.Context, v *catalog.Video) {
 	if w.skipIfRateLimited(v) {
 		return
 	}
-	if current, err := w.Catalog.GetVideo(ctx, v.ID); err == nil {
-		if current.ThumbnailURL != "" {
+	queued := v
+	current := v
+	if loaded, err := w.Catalog.GetVideo(ctx, v.ID); err == nil {
+		if loaded.PreviewLocal == "" {
+			loaded.PreviewLocal = queued.PreviewLocal
+		}
+		current = loaded
+		v = loaded
+		if loaded.ThumbnailURL != "" && loaded.DurationSeconds > 0 {
 			_ = w.Catalog.UpdateVideoMeta(ctx, v.ID, catalog.VideoMetaPatch{ThumbnailStatus: "ready"})
 			return
 		}
 	}
-	_ = w.Catalog.UpdateVideoMeta(ctx, v.ID, catalog.VideoMetaPatch{ThumbnailStatus: "pending"})
-	link, err := w.Drive.StreamURL(ctx, v.FileID)
-	if err != nil {
-		if localLink, ok := localPreviewLink(v); ok {
-			link = localLink
-		} else {
-			if w.pauseForRecoverableError(err, "streamURL", v.Title) {
+	if current.ThumbnailURL != "" {
+		if current.DurationSeconds <= 0 {
+			link, err := w.streamLink(ctx, current)
+			if err != nil {
+				if w.pauseForRecoverableError(err, "streamURL", current.Title) {
+					return
+				}
+				log.Printf("[thumb] probe streamURL %s: %v", current.Title, err)
+			} else if w.probeDuration(ctx, current, link) {
 				return
 			}
-			log.Printf("[thumb] streamURL %s: %v", v.Title, err)
-			_ = w.Catalog.UpdateVideoMeta(ctx, v.ID, catalog.VideoMetaPatch{ThumbnailStatus: "failed"})
+		}
+		_ = w.Catalog.UpdateVideoMeta(ctx, current.ID, catalog.VideoMetaPatch{ThumbnailStatus: "ready"})
+		return
+	}
+	_ = w.Catalog.UpdateVideoMeta(ctx, v.ID, catalog.VideoMetaPatch{ThumbnailStatus: "pending"})
+	link, err := w.streamLink(ctx, v)
+	if err != nil {
+		if w.pauseForRecoverableError(err, "streamURL", v.Title) {
 			return
 		}
+		log.Printf("[thumb] streamURL %s: %v", v.Title, err)
+		_ = w.Catalog.UpdateVideoMeta(ctx, v.ID, catalog.VideoMetaPatch{ThumbnailStatus: "failed"})
+		return
+	}
+	if w.probeDuration(ctx, v, link) {
+		return
 	}
 
 	if err := w.generateThumbnailFromLink(ctx, v, link); err != nil {
 		if localLink, ok := localPreviewLink(v); ok && link.URL != localLink.URL {
+			if w.probeDuration(ctx, v, localLink) {
+				return
+			}
 			if localErr := w.generateThumbnailFromLink(ctx, v, localLink); localErr == nil {
 				return
 			}
@@ -1518,6 +1545,38 @@ func (w *ThumbWorker) process(ctx context.Context, v *catalog.Video) {
 	}
 }
 
+func (w *ThumbWorker) streamLink(ctx context.Context, v *catalog.Video) (*drives.StreamLink, error) {
+	link, err := w.Drive.StreamURL(ctx, v.FileID)
+	if err == nil {
+		return link, nil
+	}
+	if localLink, ok := localPreviewLink(v); ok {
+		return localLink, nil
+	}
+	return nil, err
+}
+
+func (w *ThumbWorker) probeDuration(ctx context.Context, v *catalog.Video, link *drives.StreamLink) bool {
+	if v.DurationSeconds > 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	dur, err := w.Gen.Probe(ctx, link)
+	if err == nil {
+		if dur > 0 {
+			v.DurationSeconds = int(dur)
+			_ = w.Catalog.UpdateVideoMeta(ctx, v.ID, catalog.VideoMetaPatch{
+				DurationSeconds: int(dur),
+			})
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+	if w.pauseForRecoverableError(err, "probe", v.Title) {
+		return true
+	}
+	log.Printf("[thumb] probe %s: %v", v.Title, err)
+	return false
+}
+
 func (w *ThumbWorker) generateThumbnailFromLink(ctx context.Context, v *catalog.Video, link *drives.StreamLink) error {
 	if _, err := w.Gen.GenerateThumbnail(ctx, link, v.ID, 0); err != nil {
 		return err

backend/internal/preview/ffmpeg_test.go

@@ -161,6 +161,16 @@ func TestThumbnailOffsetsUseFiveSecondsWithEarlyFallbacks(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestThumbnailVideoFilterUsesFullRangeJPEGPixelFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	got := thumbnailVideoFilter(480)
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "scale=480:-2:out_range=pc") {
+		t.Fatalf("thumbnail filter = %q, want full-range scale output", got)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "format=yuvj420p") {
+		t.Fatalf("thumbnail filter = %q, want JPEG-friendly pixel format", got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestThumbnailOffsetFallbackAllowedForEmptyOutputAndTimeouts(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, err := range []error{
 		errors.New("ffmpeg thumb produced empty file, stderr: "),

backend/internal/preview/worker_test.go

@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives"
 )
 
-func TestThumbWorkerUpdatesThumbnailWithoutChangingPreviewStatus(t *testing.T) {
+func TestThumbWorkerUpdatesThumbnailAndDurationWithoutChangingPreviewStatus(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	cat, video := seedPreviewTestVideo(t, "thumb-worker-video")
 
-	gen := &fakeThumbGenerator{}
+	gen := &fakeThumbGenerator{probeDuration: 42}
 	drv := &previewFakeDrive{}
 	worker := NewThumbWorker(gen, cat, drv)
 
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ func TestThumbWorkerUpdatesThumbnailWithoutChangingPreviewStatus(t *testing.T) {
 	if got.PreviewStatus != "pending" {
 		t.Fatalf("preview status = %q, want pending", got.PreviewStatus)
 	}
-	if got.DurationSeconds != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("duration = %d, want unchanged", got.DurationSeconds)
+	if got.DurationSeconds != 42 {
+		t.Fatalf("duration = %d, want probed duration", got.DurationSeconds)
 	}
 	if gen.thumbnailVideoID != video.ID {
 		t.Fatalf("thumbnail video id = %q, want %q", gen.thumbnailVideoID, video.ID)
@@ -42,14 +42,53 @@ func TestThumbWorkerUpdatesThumbnailWithoutChangingPreviewStatus(t *testing.T) {
 	if gen.thumbnailDuration != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("thumbnail duration = %.1f, want fixed-offset thumbnail generation", gen.thumbnailDuration)
 	}
-	if gen.probeCalls != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("probe calls = %d, want 0 for thumbnail generation", gen.probeCalls)
+	if gen.probeCalls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("probe calls = %d, want 1 for thumbnail generation", gen.probeCalls)
 	}
 	if drv.streamFileID != video.FileID {
 		t.Fatalf("stream file id = %q, want %q", drv.streamFileID, video.FileID)
 	}
 }
 
+func TestThumbWorkerBackfillsDurationWhenThumbnailAlreadyExists(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	cat, video := seedPreviewTestVideo(t, "thumb-worker-existing-thumbnail")
+	video.ThumbnailURL = "/p/thumb/" + video.ID
+	if err := cat.UpsertVideo(ctx, video); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("update video: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	gen := &fakeThumbGenerator{probeDuration: 19}
+	drv := &previewFakeDrive{}
+	worker := NewThumbWorker(gen, cat, drv)
+
+	worker.process(ctx, video)
+
+	got, err := cat.GetVideo(ctx, video.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("get video: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got.DurationSeconds != 19 {
+		t.Fatalf("duration = %d, want probed duration", got.DurationSeconds)
+	}
+	if got.ThumbnailURL != "/p/thumb/"+video.ID {
+		t.Fatalf("thumbnail = %q, want unchanged existing thumbnail", got.ThumbnailURL)
+	}
+	ready, err := cat.ListVideosByThumbnailStatus(ctx, video.DriveID, "ready", 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("list ready thumbnails: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(ready) != 1 || ready[0].ID != video.ID {
+		t.Fatalf("ready thumbnails = %#v, want only %s", ready, video.ID)
+	}
+	if gen.probeCalls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("probe calls = %d, want 1", gen.probeCalls)
+	}
+	if gen.thumbnailVideoID != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("thumbnail generation video id = %q, want no regeneration", gen.thumbnailVideoID)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestThumbWorkerFallsBackToLocalPreviewWhenDriveStreamFails(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	cat, video := seedPreviewTestVideo(t, "thumb-worker-local-preview")
@@ -469,12 +508,17 @@ type fakeThumbGenerator struct {
 	thumbnailDuration float64
 	thumbnailURL      string
 	probeCalls        int
+	probeDuration     float64
+	probeErr          error
 	generateErr       error
 }
 
 func (g *fakeThumbGenerator) Probe(context.Context, *drives.StreamLink) (float64, error) {
 	g.probeCalls++
-	return 42, nil
+	if g.probeErr != nil {
+		return 0, g.probeErr
+	}
+	return g.probeDuration, nil
 }
 
 func (g *fakeThumbGenerator) GenerateThumbnail(_ context.Context, link *drives.StreamLink, videoID string, duration float64) (string, error) {
@@ -568,7 +612,6 @@ func (d *previewFakeDrive) EnsureDir(context.Context, string) (string, error) {
 }
 func (d *previewFakeDrive) RootID() string { return "root" }
 
-
 func TestWorkerWaitIdleReturnsImmediatelyWhenQueueEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 	worker := NewWorker(&fakeTeaserGenerator{}, nil, &previewFakeDrive{})
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)

backend/internal/proxy/proxy.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -144,13 +145,15 @@ func (p *Proxy) ServeStream(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, driveID, fil
 //     302 之后浏览器用自己的 UA 直连，CDN 仍然认签名
 //   - pikpak：与 OpenList 一致，WebContentLink / media link 都是自签 URL，
 //     CDN 不校验请求头，直连可获得最佳带宽并避免占用 backend 出站
+//   - onedrive：Microsoft Graph 返回的 @microsoft.graph.downloadUrl 是短期
+//     免鉴权下载 URL，不需要后端继续代传视频字节
 //
-// 其余网盘（如 OneDrive / 沃盘 / 夸克等）仍走反代，因为它们的下载
+// 其余网盘（如沃盘 / 夸克等）仍走反代，因为它们的下载
 // 链接通常需要随请求带上后端持有的 Cookie / Authorization / Range
 // 的特殊处理，浏览器拿不到这些上下文。
 func shouldRedirect(d drives.Drive) bool {
 	switch d.Kind() {
-	case "p115", "pikpak":
+	case "p115", "pikpak", "onedrive":
 		return true
 	}
 	return false
@@ -169,6 +172,11 @@ func (p *Proxy) serve(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, link *drives.Strea
 		http.Error(w, "bad upstream url", http.StatusBadGateway)
 		return
 	}
+	if localPath, ok := localFilePath(u, link.URL); ok {
+		w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "private, max-age=300")
+		http.ServeFile(w, r, localPath)
+		return
+	}
 	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(r.Context(), r.Method, u.String(), nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
@@ -211,6 +219,19 @@ func (p *Proxy) ServeLocal(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, path string)
 	http.ServeFile(w, r, path)
 }
 
+func localFilePath(u *url.URL, raw string) (string, bool) {
+	if u == nil {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	if u.Scheme == "file" && u.Path != "" {
+		return u.Path, true
+	}
+	if u.Scheme == "" && u.Host == "" && filepath.IsAbs(raw) {
+		return raw, true
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
+
 var errDriveNotFound = &httpError{Code: http.StatusNotFound, Msg: "drive not found"}
 
 type httpError struct {

backend/internal/proxy/proxy_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -149,6 +151,61 @@ func TestServeStreamPikPakSetsRedirectHeaders(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestServeStreamRedirectsOneDrive(t *testing.T) {
+	reg := NewRegistry()
+	drv := &proxyFakeSimpleDrive{
+		kind: "onedrive",
+		url:  "https://public.onedrive.example/video.mp4",
+	}
+	reg.Set("onedrive", drv)
+
+	p := New(reg)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/p/stream/onedrive/file-1", nil)
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	p.ServeStream(rr, req, "onedrive", "file-1")
+
+	if rr.Code != http.StatusFound {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d", rr.Code, http.StatusFound)
+	}
+	if got := rr.Header().Get("Location"); got != "https://public.onedrive.example/video.mp4" {
+		t.Fatalf("Location = %q", got)
+	}
+	if drv.calls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("link calls = %d, want 1", drv.calls)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServeStreamServesLocalFilePath(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "video.mp4")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("0123456789"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write local file: %v", err)
+	}
+	reg := NewRegistry()
+	drv := &proxyFakeSimpleDrive{
+		kind: "localstorage",
+		url:  path,
+	}
+	reg.Set("local", drv)
+
+	p := New(reg)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/p/stream/local/file-1", nil)
+	req.Header.Set("Range", "bytes=2-5")
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	p.ServeStream(rr, req, "local", "file-1")
+
+	if rr.Code != http.StatusPartialContent {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d", rr.Code, http.StatusPartialContent)
+	}
+	if got := rr.Body.String(); got != "2345" {
+		t.Fatalf("body = %q, want range bytes", got)
+	}
+	if drv.calls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("link calls = %d, want 1", drv.calls)
+	}
+}
+
 func requestPikPak(t *testing.T, p *Proxy, driveID, fileID, ua string) {
 	t.Helper()
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/p/stream/"+driveID+"/"+fileID, nil)
@@ -192,3 +249,36 @@ func (d *proxyFakePikPakDrive) EnsureDir(context.Context, string) (string, error
 	return "", drives.ErrNotSupported
 }
 func (d *proxyFakePikPakDrive) RootID() string { return "0" }
+
+type proxyFakeSimpleDrive struct {
+	kind  string
+	url   string
+	calls int
+}
+
+func (d *proxyFakeSimpleDrive) Kind() string { return d.kind }
+func (d *proxyFakeSimpleDrive) ID() string   { return d.kind }
+func (d *proxyFakeSimpleDrive) Init(context.Context) error {
+	return nil
+}
+func (d *proxyFakeSimpleDrive) List(context.Context, string) ([]drives.Entry, error) {
+	return nil, drives.ErrNotSupported
+}
+func (d *proxyFakeSimpleDrive) Stat(context.Context, string) (*drives.Entry, error) {
+	return nil, drives.ErrNotSupported
+}
+func (d *proxyFakeSimpleDrive) StreamURL(context.Context, string) (*drives.StreamLink, error) {
+	d.calls++
+	return &drives.StreamLink{
+		URL:     d.url,
+		Headers: http.Header{},
+		Expires: time.Now().Add(10 * time.Minute),
+	}, nil
+}
+func (d *proxyFakeSimpleDrive) Upload(context.Context, string, string, io.Reader, int64) (string, error) {
+	return "", drives.ErrNotSupported
+}
+func (d *proxyFakeSimpleDrive) EnsureDir(context.Context, string) (string, error) {
+	return "", drives.ErrNotSupported
+}
+func (d *proxyFakeSimpleDrive) RootID() string { return "0" }

backend/internal/spider91migrate/migrator.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Package spider91migrate 周期性把 spider91 drive 下载到本地的视频
-// 上传到一个指定的目标 drive 目录（PikPak 或 115），上传成功后：
+// 上传到一个指定的目标 drive 目录（PikPak、115 或 OneDrive），上传成功后：
 //
 //   - 改写 catalog 行：drive_id / file_id / content_hash 改成目标盘的；
 //     视频自身的 id 不变（仍是 spider91-<driveID>-<viewkey>），video_tags、
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/catalog"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives"
+	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives/onedrive"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives/p115"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives/pikpak"
 	"github.com/video-site/backend/internal/drives/spider91"
@@ -39,12 +40,14 @@ import (
 // 这一层抽象把"迁移调用方"和"具体盘的 SDK 协议"解耦：
 //   - PikPak 走 GCID + OSS PutObject（pikpak.UploadResult）
 //   - 115   走 SHA1   + 秒传 / OSS / 分片（p115.UploadResult）
+//   - OneDrive 走 SHA1 + 小文件 PUT / 大文件 upload session
 //
-// 两个返回值都被归一成本地的 UploadResult，并在 catalog 改写阶段统一处理。
+// 各家返回值都被归一成本地的 UploadResult，并在 catalog 改写阶段统一处理。
 type uploadTarget interface {
 	ID() string
 	Kind() string
 	RootID() string
+	EnsureDir(ctx context.Context, pathFromRoot string) (string, error)
 	UploadAndReportHash(ctx context.Context, parentID, name string, r io.Reader, size int64) (UploadResult, error)
 	Rename(ctx context.Context, fileID, newName string) error
 }
@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ type uploadTarget interface {
 // UploadResult 是 uploadTarget.UploadAndReportHash 的归一返回。
 //
 // FileID  目标盘上的新文件 ID；
-// Hash    GCID（PikPak）或 SHA1 HEX 大写（115），写入 catalog.content_hash 用于跨盘去重；
+// Hash    GCID（PikPak）或 SHA1 HEX（115 / OneDrive），写入 catalog.content_hash 用于跨盘去重；
 // Size    实际上传字节数。
 type UploadResult struct {
 	FileID string
@@ -60,7 +63,9 @@ type UploadResult struct {
 	Size   int64
 }
 
-// pikpakAdapter / p115Adapter 把具体 driver 包装成 uploadTarget。
+const spider91UploadDirName = "91 Spider"
+
+// pikpakAdapter / p115Adapter / onedriveAdapter 把具体 driver 包装成 uploadTarget。
 //
 // 之所以不让 driver 直接实现 uploadTarget：
 //
@@ -74,6 +79,9 @@ type pikpakAdapter struct {
 func (a *pikpakAdapter) ID() string     { return a.d.ID() }
 func (a *pikpakAdapter) Kind() string   { return a.d.Kind() }
 func (a *pikpakAdapter) RootID() string { return a.d.RootID() }
+func (a *pikpakAdapter) EnsureDir(ctx context.Context, pathFromRoot string) (string, error) {
+	return a.d.EnsureDir(ctx, pathFromRoot)
+}
 func (a *pikpakAdapter) UploadAndReportHash(ctx context.Context, parentID, name string, r io.Reader, size int64) (UploadResult, error) {
 	res, err := a.d.UploadAndReportHash(ctx, parentID, name, r, size)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -92,6 +100,9 @@ type p115Adapter struct {
 func (a *p115Adapter) ID() string     { return a.d.ID() }
 func (a *p115Adapter) Kind() string   { return a.d.Kind() }
 func (a *p115Adapter) RootID() string { return a.d.RootID() }
+func (a *p115Adapter) EnsureDir(ctx context.Context, pathFromRoot string) (string, error) {
+	return a.d.EnsureDir(ctx, pathFromRoot)
+}
 func (a *p115Adapter) UploadAndReportHash(ctx context.Context, parentID, name string, r io.Reader, size int64) (UploadResult, error) {
 	res, err := a.d.UploadAndReportSha1(ctx, parentID, name, r, size)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -103,6 +114,27 @@ func (a *p115Adapter) Rename(ctx context.Context, fileID, newName string) error
 	return a.d.Rename(ctx, fileID, newName)
 }
 
+type onedriveAdapter struct {
+	d *onedrive.Driver
+}
+
+func (a *onedriveAdapter) ID() string     { return a.d.ID() }
+func (a *onedriveAdapter) Kind() string   { return a.d.Kind() }
+func (a *onedriveAdapter) RootID() string { return a.d.RootID() }
+func (a *onedriveAdapter) EnsureDir(ctx context.Context, pathFromRoot string) (string, error) {
+	return a.d.EnsureDir(ctx, pathFromRoot)
+}
+func (a *onedriveAdapter) UploadAndReportHash(ctx context.Context, parentID, name string, r io.Reader, size int64) (UploadResult, error) {
+	res, err := a.d.UploadAndReportHash(ctx, parentID, name, r, size)
+	if err != nil {
+		return UploadResult{}, err
+	}
+	return UploadResult{FileID: res.FileID, Hash: res.Hash, Size: res.Size}, nil
+}
+func (a *onedriveAdapter) Rename(ctx context.Context, fileID, newName string) error {
+	return a.d.Rename(ctx, fileID, newName)
+}
+
 // adaptUploadTarget 把通用 drive 包装成 uploadTarget。
 // 不支持的盘 kind 返回 error；调用方静默跳过。
 func adaptUploadTarget(d drives.Drive) (uploadTarget, error) {
@@ -111,6 +143,8 @@ func adaptUploadTarget(d drives.Drive) (uploadTarget, error) {
 		return &pikpakAdapter{d: v}, nil
 	case *p115.Driver:
 		return &p115Adapter{d: v}, nil
+	case *onedrive.Driver:
+		return &onedriveAdapter{d: v}, nil
 	case uploadTarget:
 		// 测试或自定义实现可以直接传入；优先使用具体类型分支以拿到适配器。
 		return v, nil
@@ -272,7 +306,7 @@ func (m *Migrator) runOnce(ctx context.Context) {
 
 	target, pp, err := m.resolveTarget()
 	if err != nil {
-		// 没目标就静默 —— 用户可能还没配 PikPak drive
+		// 没目标就静默 —— 用户选择了本地保存，或还没配 115/PikPak drive。
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -382,7 +416,7 @@ func (m *Migrator) spider91Drives() []*spider91.Driver {
 //   - 列出 spider91 drive 本地 videos/ 目录所有 mp4 文件，按 mtime 降序排
 //   - 跳过最新 KeepLatestN 个：这些是用户希望保留在本地的最新爬取
 //   - 对剩下的（更旧）逐个处理：
-//   - 还没迁移（drive_id 仍是 src.ID()）→ 上传到 PikPak + 改 catalog + 删本地
+//   - 还没迁移（drive_id 仍是 src.ID()）→ 上传到目标盘 + 改 catalog + 删本地
 //   - 已经迁移过但本地还有残留 → 仅删本地（兜底）
 //
 // KeepLatestN < 0 时不保护任何本地文件，全部尝试迁移（旧行为，主要给测试用）。
@@ -484,7 +518,7 @@ func (m *Migrator) migrateDrive(ctx context.Context, src *spider91.Driver, targe
 	return migrated, nil
 }
 
-// migrateOne 把单条 spider91 视频上传到 PikPak 并改写 catalog。
+// migrateOne 把单条 spider91 视频上传到目标盘并改写 catalog。
 // 返回 (true, nil) 表示真的迁了一条；(false, nil) 表示跳过（本地文件已不在等）；
 // (false, err) 表示真出错。
 func (m *Migrator) migrateOne(ctx context.Context, v *catalog.Video, src *spider91.Driver, targetDriveID string, pp uploadTarget) (bool, error) {
@@ -511,15 +545,19 @@ func (m *Migrator) migrateOne(ctx context.Context, v *catalog.Video, src *spider
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
 
-	// 上传到目标盘的根目录（用户配置的目标 drive 的 rootID）。
+	// 上传到目标盘 rootID 下的固定 "91 Spider" 子目录。若用户把目标盘 rootID
+	// 配成某个自定义目录，这里会在该自定义目录下查找/创建 "91 Spider"。
 	// 上传名走 desiredPikPakName 算出来的方案 B 格式：
 	//
 	//   <sanitized title>-<viewkey 后 8 位>.<ext>
 	//
 	// 这样网盘 Web 端列出来的文件名能直接看出是哪个视频，
-	// 又用 viewkey 后 8 位避免同标题撞名。两个目标盘（PikPak / 115）共用同一格式，
+	// 又用 viewkey 后 8 位避免同标题撞名。所有目标盘共用同一格式，
 	// 简化前端 / catalog 的认知。
-	parent := pp.RootID()
+	parent, err := pp.EnsureDir(ctx, spider91UploadDirName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("%s ensure %q dir: %w", pp.Kind(), spider91UploadDirName, err)
+	}
 	uploadName := desiredPikPakName(v.Title, extractViewKey(v.ID), v.Ext)
 	res, err := pp.UploadAndReportHash(ctx, parent, uploadName, f, info.Size())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -639,7 +677,7 @@ func (m *Migrator) cleanupOldLocalVideos(ctx context.Context, src *spider91.Driv
 	return deleted, nil
 }
 
-// backfillFileNames 扫描目标 drive（PikPak 或 115）下所有 spider91-* 起始 ID 的视频，
+// backfillFileNames 扫描目标 drive（PikPak、115 或 OneDrive）下所有 spider91-* 起始 ID 的视频，
 // 对文件名不是 desiredPikPakName(...) 期望格式的，调 target.Rename 修正，
 // 并把 catalog.file_name 同步到新名字。
 //

backend/internal/spider91migrate/migrator_test.go

@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ type fakePikPak struct {
 	uploadFunc  func(ctx context.Context, parentID, name string, r io.Reader, size int64) (UploadResult, error)
 	mu          sync.Mutex
 	gotBodies   map[string][]byte
+	gotParents  map[string]string
+	ensureCalls []string
 	// renameCalls 记录每次 Rename 的 fileID->newName 历史，用于 backfill 测试断言。
 	renameCalls map[string]string
 }
@@ -62,6 +64,7 @@ func newFakePikPak(id, rootID string) *fakePikPak {
 		id:          id,
 		rootID:      rootID,
 		gotBodies:   make(map[string][]byte),
+		gotParents:  make(map[string]string),
 		renameCalls: make(map[string]string),
 	}
 }
@@ -80,8 +83,11 @@ func (d *fakePikPak) StreamURL(context.Context, string) (*drives.StreamLink, err
 func (d *fakePikPak) Upload(context.Context, string, string, io.Reader, int64) (string, error) {
 	return "", drives.ErrNotSupported
 }
-func (d *fakePikPak) EnsureDir(context.Context, string) (string, error) {
-	return "", drives.ErrNotSupported
+func (d *fakePikPak) EnsureDir(_ context.Context, pathFromRoot string) (string, error) {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	d.ensureCalls = append(d.ensureCalls, pathFromRoot)
+	return d.rootID + "/" + pathFromRoot, nil
 }
 func (d *fakePikPak) Rename(_ context.Context, fileID, newName string) error {
 	d.mu.Lock()
@@ -99,6 +105,7 @@ func (d *fakePikPak) UploadAndReportHash(ctx context.Context, parentID, name str
 	body, _ := io.ReadAll(r)
 	d.mu.Lock()
 	d.gotBodies[name] = body
+	d.gotParents[name] = parentID
 	d.mu.Unlock()
 	return UploadResult{
 		FileID: "remote-" + name,
@@ -127,6 +134,19 @@ func (d *fakeP115) Kind() string { return "p115" }
 var _ drives.Drive = (*fakeP115)(nil)
 var _ uploadTarget = (*fakeP115)(nil)
 
+type fakeOneDrive struct {
+	*fakePikPak
+}
+
+func newFakeOneDrive(id, rootID string) *fakeOneDrive {
+	return &fakeOneDrive{fakePikPak: newFakePikPak(id, rootID)}
+}
+
+func (d *fakeOneDrive) Kind() string { return "onedrive" }
+
+var _ drives.Drive = (*fakeOneDrive)(nil)
+var _ uploadTarget = (*fakeOneDrive)(nil)
+
 // TestBackfillFileNamesRenamesOnlyMismatchedSpider91Videos 验证回填逻辑：
 //
 //   - 已经是期望格式的不会再调 Rename（幂等）
@@ -347,6 +367,12 @@ func TestRunOnceMigratesSpider91VideosAndCleansLocalFiles(t *testing.T) {
 	if _, ok := pp.gotBodies[wantName]; !ok {
 		t.Fatalf("PikPak did not receive expected upload name %q (got names: %v)", wantName, keysOf(pp.gotBodies))
 	}
+	if gotParent := pp.gotParents[wantName]; gotParent != "pikpak-root-id/"+spider91UploadDirName {
+		t.Fatalf("upload parent = %q, want root/91 Spider", gotParent)
+	}
+	if len(pp.ensureCalls) != 1 || pp.ensureCalls[0] != spider91UploadDirName {
+		t.Fatalf("ensure calls = %#v, want %q", pp.ensureCalls, spider91UploadDirName)
+	}
 	if got.FileID != "remote-"+wantName {
 		t.Fatalf("file_id = %q, want %q", got.FileID, "remote-"+wantName)
 	}
@@ -588,7 +614,7 @@ func TestRunOnceKeepsAllLocalWhenWithinKeepWindow(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // TestRunOnceMigratesOnlyOlderFilesBeyondKeepWindow 验证：本地文件数 > KeepLatestN 时
-// 按 mtime 降序保留最新 N 个，超出部分（更旧的）才上传到 PikPak。
+// 按 mtime 降序保留最新 N 个，超出部分（更旧的）才上传到目标盘。
 func TestRunOnceMigratesOnlyOlderFilesBeyondKeepWindow(t *testing.T) {
 	cat := setupCatalog(t)
 	src, _ := setupSpider91(t)
@@ -841,7 +867,6 @@ func TestNonCaptchaErrorDoesNotTriggerCooldown(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-
 // TestRunOnceMigratesToP115Target 验证：当目标 drive 是 115（kind="p115"）时，
 // migrator 也能正确把 spider91 视频上传过去并改写 catalog。
 //
@@ -885,6 +910,12 @@ func TestRunOnceMigratesToP115Target(t *testing.T) {
 	if _, ok := target.gotBodies[wantName]; !ok {
 		t.Fatalf("p115 did not receive expected upload name %q (got names: %v)", wantName, keysOf(target.gotBodies))
 	}
+	if gotParent := target.gotParents[wantName]; gotParent != "p115-root-cid/"+spider91UploadDirName {
+		t.Fatalf("p115 upload parent = %q, want root/91 Spider", gotParent)
+	}
+	if len(target.ensureCalls) != 1 || target.ensureCalls[0] != spider91UploadDirName {
+		t.Fatalf("p115 ensure calls = %#v, want %q", target.ensureCalls, spider91UploadDirName)
+	}
 	if got.FileID != "remote-"+wantName {
 		t.Fatalf("file_id = %q, want %q", got.FileID, "remote-"+wantName)
 	}
@@ -906,7 +937,67 @@ func TestRunOnceMigratesToP115Target(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// TestResolveTargetRejectsUnsupportedKind 验证当目标 drive 既不是 PikPak 也不是 115 时，
+func TestRunOnceMigratesToOneDriveTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	cat := setupCatalog(t)
+	src, _ := setupSpider91(t)
+	target := newFakeOneDrive("onedrive-target", "onedrive-root")
+	reg := newFakeRegistry()
+	reg.Add(src)
+	reg.Add(target)
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	id := writeSpider91Video(t, cat, src, "vk-od-001", ".mp4", []byte("video bytes onedrive"), now)
+
+	m := New(Config{
+		Catalog:          cat,
+		Registry:         reg,
+		GetTargetDriveID: func() string { return target.ID() },
+		KeepLatestN:      -1,
+	})
+	m.runOnce(context.Background())
+
+	if target.uploadCalls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("onedrive upload calls = %d, want 1", target.uploadCalls)
+	}
+
+	got, err := cat.GetVideo(context.Background(), id)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("get video: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got.DriveID != target.ID() {
+		t.Fatalf("drive_id = %q, want %q", got.DriveID, target.ID())
+	}
+	wantName := "Sample vk-od-001-001.mp4"
+	if _, ok := target.gotBodies[wantName]; !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("onedrive did not receive expected upload name %q (got names: %v)", wantName, keysOf(target.gotBodies))
+	}
+	if gotParent := target.gotParents[wantName]; gotParent != "onedrive-root/"+spider91UploadDirName {
+		t.Fatalf("onedrive upload parent = %q, want root/91 Spider", gotParent)
+	}
+	if len(target.ensureCalls) != 1 || target.ensureCalls[0] != spider91UploadDirName {
+		t.Fatalf("onedrive ensure calls = %#v, want %q", target.ensureCalls, spider91UploadDirName)
+	}
+	if got.FileID != "remote-"+wantName {
+		t.Fatalf("file_id = %q, want %q", got.FileID, "remote-"+wantName)
+	}
+	if got.FileName != wantName {
+		t.Fatalf("file_name = %q, want %q", got.FileName, wantName)
+	}
+	if got.ContentHash == "" {
+		t.Fatal("content_hash should be set after onedrive migration")
+	}
+
+	videoPath, _ := src.VideoPath("vk-od-001.mp4")
+	if _, err := os.Stat(videoPath); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("local mp4 still exists after onedrive migration or stat error: %v", err)
+	}
+	thumbPath, _ := src.ThumbPath("vk-od-001.jpg")
+	if _, err := os.Stat(thumbPath); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("local thumb still exists after onedrive migration or stat error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestResolveTargetRejectsUnsupportedKind 验证当目标 drive 既不是 PikPak、115 也不是 OneDrive 时，
 // resolveTarget 拒绝并返回 error，让 runOnce 静默跳过（不会做破坏性变更）。
 func TestResolveTargetRejectsUnsupportedKind(t *testing.T) {
 	cat := setupCatalog(t)

docker-compose.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+services:
+  video-site-91:
+    image: ghcr.io/nianzhibai/91:latest
+    container_name: video-site-91
+    ports:
+      - "9191:9191"
+    volumes:
+      - ./data:/opt/video-site-91/data
+    restart: unless-stopped

docker-entrypoint.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+set -eu
+
+APP_DIR="/opt/video-site-91"
+DATA_DIR="${VIDEO_DATA_DIR:-$APP_DIR/data}"
+CONFIG="${VIDEO_CONFIG:-$DATA_DIR/config.yaml}"
+EXAMPLE="$APP_DIR/config.example.yaml"
+PORT="${VIDEO_LISTEN_PORT:-9191}"
+
+mkdir -p "$DATA_DIR" "$DATA_DIR/previews" "$DATA_DIR/uploads" "$DATA_DIR/spider91"
+
+if [ ! -f "$CONFIG" ]; then
+  if [ ! -f "$EXAMPLE" ]; then
+    echo "[entrypoint] missing config template: $EXAMPLE" >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  mkdir -p "$(dirname "$CONFIG")"
+  cp "$EXAMPLE" "$CONFIG"
+
+  SECRET="$(openssl rand -hex 32)"
+  sed -i -E "s#^([[:space:]]*listen:[[:space:]]*).*\$#\1\"0.0.0.0:${PORT}\"#" "$CONFIG"
+  sed -i -E "s#^([[:space:]]*session_secret:[[:space:]]*).*\$#\1\"${SECRET}\"#" "$CONFIG"
+  sed -i -E "s#^([[:space:]]*db_path:[[:space:]]*).*\$#\1\"${DATA_DIR}/video-site.db\"#" "$CONFIG"
+  sed -i -E "s#^([[:space:]]*local_preview_dir:[[:space:]]*).*\$#\1\"${DATA_DIR}/previews\"#" "$CONFIG"
+  chmod 600 "$CONFIG"
+
+  echo "[entrypoint] generated $CONFIG"
+else
+  echo "[entrypoint] using existing $CONFIG"
+fi
+
+if [ -n "${VIDEO_VERSION_FILE:-}" ] && [ -n "${VIDEO_IMAGE_VERSION:-}" ] && [ ! -f "$VIDEO_VERSION_FILE" ]; then
+  mkdir -p "$(dirname "$VIDEO_VERSION_FILE")"
+  printf '%s\n' "$VIDEO_IMAGE_VERSION" > "$VIDEO_VERSION_FILE"
+fi
+
+exec "$@"

install.sh

@@ -11,6 +11,12 @@ VERSION="${VERSION:-latest}"
 GH_PROXY="${GH_PROXY:-}"
 CONFIGURE_UFW="${CONFIGURE_UFW:-1}"
 INSTALL_DEPS="${INSTALL_DEPS:-1}"
+SELF_UPDATE="${SELF_UPDATE:-1}"
+FORCE_UPDATE="${FORCE_UPDATE:-0}"
+INSTALL_SCRIPT_REF="${INSTALL_SCRIPT_REF:-main}"
+INSTALL_SCRIPT_URL="${INSTALL_SCRIPT_URL:-${GH_PROXY}https://raw.githubusercontent.com/${GITHUB_REPO}/${INSTALL_SCRIPT_REF}/install.sh}"
+VIDEO_SITE_SKIP_SELF_UPDATE="${VIDEO_SITE_SKIP_SELF_UPDATE:-0}"
+SERVICE_READY_TIMEOUT="${SERVICE_READY_TIMEOUT:-90}"
 VERSION_FILE="$INSTALL_PATH/.version"
 MANAGER_PATH="/usr/local/sbin/${APP_NAME}-manager"
 COMMAND_LINK="/usr/local/bin/91"
@@ -47,7 +53,7 @@ Default action:
 
 Actions:
   install    Install to $INSTALL_PATH
-  update     Download latest release and replace program files, keeping config/data
+  update     Refresh manager script, download latest release, and keep config/data
   restart    Restart service
   stop       Stop service
   status     Show service status
@@ -62,6 +68,11 @@ Options via environment:
   GH_PROXY=$GH_PROXY
   INSTALL_DEPS=$INSTALL_DEPS
   CONFIGURE_UFW=$CONFIGURE_UFW
+  SELF_UPDATE=$SELF_UPDATE
+  FORCE_UPDATE=$FORCE_UPDATE
+  INSTALL_SCRIPT_REF=$INSTALL_SCRIPT_REF
+  INSTALL_SCRIPT_URL=$INSTALL_SCRIPT_URL
+  SERVICE_READY_TIMEOUT=$SERVICE_READY_TIMEOUT
 
 Examples:
   sudo bash install.sh
@@ -158,6 +169,30 @@ download_file() {
   return 1
 }
 
+backup_install_files() {
+  local backup="$1"
+  mkdir -p "$backup"
+  cp -a "$INSTALL_PATH/server" "$backup/server"
+  for item in dist config.example.yaml 91VideoSpider config.yaml .version; do
+    if [[ -e "$INSTALL_PATH/$item" ]]; then
+      cp -a "$INSTALL_PATH/$item" "$backup/$item"
+    fi
+  done
+}
+
+restore_install_files() {
+  local backup="$1"
+  mkdir -p "$INSTALL_PATH"
+  cp -a "$backup/server" "$INSTALL_PATH/server"
+  for item in dist config.example.yaml 91VideoSpider config.yaml .version; do
+    rm -rf "${INSTALL_PATH:?}/$item"
+    if [[ -e "$backup/$item" ]]; then
+      cp -a "$backup/$item" "$INSTALL_PATH/$item"
+    fi
+  done
+  chmod +x "$INSTALL_PATH/server"
+}
+
 prepare_config() {
   local cfg="$INSTALL_PATH/config.yaml"
   local example="$INSTALL_PATH/config.example.yaml"
@@ -200,6 +235,8 @@ RestartSec=5
 TimeoutStopSec=20
 Environment=VIDEO_CONFIG=${INSTALL_PATH}/config.yaml
 Environment=VIDEO_FRONTEND_DIR=${INSTALL_PATH}/dist
+Environment=VIDEO_VERSION_FILE=${VERSION_FILE}
+Environment=VIDEO_GITHUB_REPO=${GITHUB_REPO}
 Environment=HOME=/root
 Environment=PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin
 LimitNOFILE=65536
@@ -217,12 +254,72 @@ EOF
 install_cli() {
   local src
   src="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)/$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")"
-  if [[ -f "$src" ]]; then
-    cp "$src" "$MANAGER_PATH"
-    chmod 755 "$MANAGER_PATH"
-    ln -sf "$MANAGER_PATH" "$COMMAND_LINK"
-    ln -sf "$MANAGER_PATH" "$APP_COMMAND_LINK"
+  install_cli_from_file "$src"
+}
+
+install_cli_from_file() {
+  local src="$1"
+  local tmp
+  [[ -f "$src" ]] || return 0
+  mkdir -p "$(dirname "$MANAGER_PATH")" "$(dirname "$COMMAND_LINK")" "$(dirname "$APP_COMMAND_LINK")"
+  tmp="${MANAGER_PATH}.tmp.$$"
+  cp "$src" "$tmp"
+  chmod 755 "$tmp"
+  mv "$tmp" "$MANAGER_PATH"
+  ln -sfn "$MANAGER_PATH" "$COMMAND_LINK"
+  ln -sfn "$MANAGER_PATH" "$APP_COMMAND_LINK"
+}
+
+self_update_manager() {
+  [[ "$SELF_UPDATE" == "1" ]] || return 1
+  [[ "$VIDEO_SITE_SKIP_SELF_UPDATE" != "1" ]] || return 1
+  [[ -n "$INSTALL_SCRIPT_URL" ]] || return 1
+
+  local tmp
+  tmp="$(mktemp)"
+  log "checking latest manager script"
+  if ! download_file "$INSTALL_SCRIPT_URL" "$tmp"; then
+    warn "manager self-update skipped: cannot download $INSTALL_SCRIPT_URL"
+    rm -f "$tmp"
+    return 1
   fi
+  if ! bash -n "$tmp"; then
+    warn "manager self-update skipped: downloaded script has syntax errors"
+    rm -f "$tmp"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  if [[ -f "$MANAGER_PATH" ]] && cmp -s "$tmp" "$MANAGER_PATH"; then
+    rm -f "$tmp"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  install_cli_from_file "$tmp"
+  rm -f "$tmp"
+  log "manager script updated"
+  return 0
+}
+
+exec_latest_manager_update() {
+  local env_args=(
+    "VIDEO_SITE_SKIP_SELF_UPDATE=1"
+    "APP_NAME=$APP_NAME"
+    "GITHUB_REPO=$GITHUB_REPO"
+    "INSTALL_PATH=$INSTALL_PATH"
+    "SERVICE_NAME=$SERVICE_NAME"
+    "VERSION=$VERSION"
+    "GH_PROXY=$GH_PROXY"
+    "CONFIGURE_UFW=$CONFIGURE_UFW"
+    "INSTALL_DEPS=$INSTALL_DEPS"
+    "SELF_UPDATE=$SELF_UPDATE"
+    "FORCE_UPDATE=$FORCE_UPDATE"
+    "INSTALL_SCRIPT_REF=$INSTALL_SCRIPT_REF"
+    "INSTALL_SCRIPT_URL=$INSTALL_SCRIPT_URL"
+    "SERVICE_READY_TIMEOUT=$SERVICE_READY_TIMEOUT"
+  )
+  if [[ -n "$FRONTEND_PORT_WAS_SET" ]]; then
+    env_args+=("FRONTEND_PORT=$FRONTEND_PORT")
+  fi
+  exec env "${env_args[@]}" bash "$MANAGER_PATH" update
 }
 
 open_firewall_port() {
@@ -234,6 +331,55 @@ open_firewall_port() {
   fi
 }
 
+listen_port_from_config() {
+  local cfg="$INSTALL_PATH/config.yaml"
+  local listen="" port
+  if [[ -f "$cfg" ]]; then
+    listen="$(sed -nE 's/^[[:space:]]*listen:[[:space:]]*"?([^" #]+)"?.*/\1/p' "$cfg" | head -n1)"
+  fi
+  port="${listen##*:}"
+  if [[ "$port" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+    printf '%s' "$port"
+    return
+  fi
+  printf '%s' "$FRONTEND_PORT"
+}
+
+service_health_url() {
+  printf 'http://127.0.0.1:%s/admin/api/setup' "$(listen_port_from_config)"
+}
+
+wait_for_service_ready() {
+  local url deadline
+  url="$(service_health_url)"
+  deadline=$((SECONDS + SERVICE_READY_TIMEOUT))
+  log "waiting for service at $url"
+  while (( SECONDS < deadline )); do
+    if curl -fsS --connect-timeout 2 --max-time 5 "$url" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+      log "service is ready"
+      return 0
+    fi
+    sleep 2
+  done
+  return 1
+}
+
+restart_service_ready() {
+  if systemctl restart "${SERVICE_NAME}.service" && wait_for_service_ready; then
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  warn "service did not become ready; retrying restart"
+  if systemctl restart "${SERVICE_NAME}.service" && wait_for_service_ready; then
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  warn "service failed to become ready"
+  systemctl --no-pager --full status "${SERVICE_NAME}.service" || true
+  journalctl -u "${SERVICE_NAME}.service" -n 80 --no-pager || true
+  return 1
+}
+
 fetch_and_unpack() {
   local tmp archive url root
   tmp="$(mktemp -d)"
@@ -271,19 +417,63 @@ fetch_and_unpack() {
   rm -rf "$tmp"
 }
 
-current_version_from_github() {
+installed_version() {
+  if [[ -f "$VERSION_FILE" ]]; then
+    head -n1 "$VERSION_FILE" 2>/dev/null | tr -d '\r'
+  fi
+}
+
+target_version() {
   if [[ "$VERSION" != "latest" ]]; then
     printf '%s' "$VERSION"
     return
   fi
-  curl -fsSL "https://api.github.com/repos/${GITHUB_REPO}/releases/latest" \
+
+  local body version effective_url
+  body="$(curl -fsSL \
+    -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
+    -H "User-Agent: video-site-91-installer" \
+    "https://api.github.com/repos/${GITHUB_REPO}/releases/latest" 2>/dev/null || true)"
+  version="$(printf '%s\n' "$body" \
     | sed -nE 's/.*"tag_name"[[:space:]]*:[[:space:]]*"([^"]+)".*/\1/p' \
+    | head -n1)"
+  if [[ -n "$version" ]]; then
+    printf '%s' "$version"
+    return
+  fi
+
+  effective_url="$(curl -fsSLI -o /dev/null -w '%{url_effective}' "$(download_base_url)/$(asset_name)" 2>/dev/null || true)"
+  printf '%s\n' "$effective_url" \
+    | sed -nE 's#.*/releases/download/([^/]+)/.*#\1#p' \
     | head -n1
 }
 
+should_skip_update() {
+  [[ "$FORCE_UPDATE" != "1" ]] || return 1
+
+  local current target
+  current="$(installed_version)"
+  target="$(target_version || true)"
+
+  if [[ -z "$target" ]]; then
+    warn "cannot determine target version; continuing update"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  if [[ -z "$current" ]]; then
+    log "installed version: unknown"
+    log "target version: $target"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  log "installed version: $current"
+  log "target version: $target"
+  [[ "$current" == "$target" ]]
+}
+
 record_version() {
   local version
-  version="$(current_version_from_github || true)"
+  version="$(target_version || true)"
   [[ -n "$version" ]] || version="$VERSION"
   {
     echo "$version"
@@ -298,7 +488,7 @@ show_success() {
   version="$(head -n1 "$VERSION_FILE" 2>/dev/null || echo unknown)"
 
   echo
-  printf "${GREEN}安装完成${RESET}\n"
+  printf '%b安装完成%b\n' "$GREEN" "$RESET"
   echo "版本：$version"
   [[ -n "$local_ip" ]] && echo "局域网：http://${local_ip}:${FRONTEND_PORT}/"
   [[ -n "$public_ip" ]] && echo "公网：  http://${public_ip}:${FRONTEND_PORT}/"
@@ -319,38 +509,49 @@ install_app() {
   write_service
   install_cli
   open_firewall_port
+  restart_service_ready || die "service failed to start"
   record_version
-  systemctl restart "${SERVICE_NAME}.service"
   show_success
 }
 
 update_app() {
   check_system
+  [[ -f "$INSTALL_PATH/server" ]] || die "not installed at $INSTALL_PATH"
+
+  if self_update_manager; then
+    log "re-running update with latest manager script"
+    exec_latest_manager_update
+  fi
+
+  if should_skip_update; then
+    log "already up to date; skipped app update"
+    return 0
+  fi
+
   check_disk_space
   install_deps
-  [[ -f "$INSTALL_PATH/server" ]] || die "not installed at $INSTALL_PATH"
 
   local backup
   backup="$(mktemp -d)"
-  cp "$INSTALL_PATH/server" "$backup/server"
-  [[ -d "$INSTALL_PATH/dist" ]] && cp -R "$INSTALL_PATH/dist" "$backup/dist"
+  backup_install_files "$backup"
 
   systemctl stop "${SERVICE_NAME}.service" 2>/dev/null || true
-  if ! fetch_and_unpack; then
+  if ! (fetch_and_unpack && prepare_config && write_service && install_cli); then
     warn "update failed; restoring previous files"
-    cp "$backup/server" "$INSTALL_PATH/server"
-    rm -rf "$INSTALL_PATH/dist"
-    [[ -d "$backup/dist" ]] && cp -R "$backup/dist" "$INSTALL_PATH/dist"
+    restore_install_files "$backup"
     systemctl start "${SERVICE_NAME}.service" 2>/dev/null || true
     rm -rf "$backup"
     exit 1
   fi
 
-  prepare_config
-  write_service
-  install_cli
+  if ! restart_service_ready; then
+    warn "new version failed to start; restoring previous files"
+    restore_install_files "$backup"
+    restart_service_ready 2>/dev/null || true
+    rm -rf "$backup"
+    exit 1
+  fi
   record_version
-  systemctl restart "${SERVICE_NAME}.service"
   rm -rf "$backup"
   log "updated"
 }
@@ -430,7 +631,7 @@ main() {
       ;;
     restart)
       need_root "$@"
-      systemctl restart "${SERVICE_NAME}.service"
+      restart_service_ready || die "service failed to start"
       ;;
     stop)
       need_root "$@"

package.json

@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@
     "lucide-react": "0.453.0",
     "react": "18.3.1",
     "react-dom": "18.3.1",
-    "react-router-dom": "6.26.2"
+    "react-router-dom": "^6.30.3"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@types/react": "18.3.12",
     "@types/react-dom": "18.3.1",
-    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "4.3.3",
-    "tsx": "^4.19.2",
+    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^6.0.2",
+    "tsx": "^4.22.3",
     "typescript": "5.6.3",
-    "vite": "5.4.10"
+    "vite": "^8.0.14"
   }
 }

scripts/build-release.sh

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ build_package() {
   )
 
   cp "$ROOT_DIR/backend/config.example.yaml" "$work/config.example.yaml"
+  cp "$ROOT_DIR/install.sh" "$work/install.sh"
   cp -R "$ROOT_DIR/dist" "$work/dist"
   mkdir -p "$work/91VideoSpider"
   cp "$ROOT_DIR/91VideoSpider/spider_91porn.py" "$work/91VideoSpider/spider_91porn.py"
@@ -69,10 +70,11 @@ build_package() {
 $APP_NAME $VERSION
 
 This is a prebuilt release package.
-Use install.sh from the repository to install it on a Linux server.
+Use install.sh in this package or from the repository to install it on a Linux server.
 EOF
 
   chmod +x "$work/server"
+  chmod +x "$work/install.sh"
   tar -C "$OUT_DIR/.work" -czf "$OUT_DIR/$artifact.tar.gz" "$artifact"
   log "wrote $OUT_DIR/$artifact.tar.gz"
 }

src/admin/AdminLayout.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,16 @@
+import { useState } from "react";
 import { NavLink, Outlet, useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";
-import { HardDrive, Film, LogOut, Play, Home, Tags, Palette } from "lucide-react";
+import {
+  HardDrive,
+  Film,
+  LogOut,
+  Play,
+  Home,
+  Tags,
+  Palette,
+  RefreshCw,
+} from "lucide-react";
+import * as api from "./api";
 import { useAuth } from "./AuthContext";
 import { useToast } from "./ToastContext";
 
@@ -7,6 +18,31 @@ export function AdminLayout() {
   const { logout } = useAuth();
   const navigate = useNavigate();
   const { show } = useToast();
+  const [checkingUpdate, setCheckingUpdate] = useState(false);
+
+  async function handleCheckUpdate() {
+    if (checkingUpdate) return;
+    setCheckingUpdate(true);
+    try {
+      const result = await api.checkUpdate();
+      if (result.hasUpdate) {
+        show(
+          `发现新版本 ${result.latestVersion}，当前 ${result.currentVersion}`,
+          "success"
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+      if (result.currentVersion === "unknown") {
+        show(`当前版本未知，GitHub 最新版本为 ${result.latestVersion}`, "info");
+        return;
+      }
+      show(`当前已是最新版本：${result.currentVersion}`, "success");
+    } catch {
+      show("检查更新失败，请稍后重试", "error");
+    } finally {
+      setCheckingUpdate(false);
+    }
+  }
 
   async function handleLogout() {
     try {
@@ -65,6 +101,14 @@ export function AdminLayout() {
           </NavLink>
         </nav>
         <div className="admin-sidebar__footer">
+          <button
+            className="admin-sidebar__check-update"
+            onClick={handleCheckUpdate}
+            disabled={checkingUpdate}
+          >
+            <RefreshCw size={14} />
+            {checkingUpdate ? "检查中" : "检查更新"}
+          </button>
           <button className="admin-sidebar__logout" onClick={handleLogout}>
             <LogOut size={14} style={{ verticalAlign: -2, marginRight: 4 }} />
             退出登录

src/admin/DrivesPage.tsx

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ const kindLabel: Record<string, string> = {
   pikpak: "PikPak",
   wopan: "联通沃盘",
   onedrive: "OneDrive",
+  localstorage: "本地存储",
   spider91: "91 爬虫",
 };
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ type FormState = {
    * 单独通过 PUT /admin/api/settings 写到全局 setting。在 form state 里维护它
    * 是为了让 DriveForm 能读写同一份编辑状态。
    *
-   * 空字符串 = 自动模式（系统中唯一的 pikpak/p115 drive）。
+   * 空字符串 = 本地保存，不上传。
    */
   spider91UploadDriveId: string;
 };
@@ -80,10 +81,10 @@ export function DrivesPage() {
   const [selectedDriveId, setSelectedDriveId] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const { show } = useToast();
 
-  // 当前系统中可作为 spider91 上传目标的 drive 列表（pikpak ∪ p115）。
-  // 用户保存 spider91 drive 时从这里挑一个；空表示走"自动"模式。
+  // 当前系统中可作为 spider91 上传目标的 drive 列表（pikpak ∪ p115 ∪ onedrive）。
+  // 用户保存 spider91 drive 时从这里挑一个；空表示本地保存不上传。
   const uploadTargets = useMemo(
-    () => list.filter((d) => d.kind === "pikpak" || d.kind === "p115"),
+    () => list.filter((d) => d.kind === "pikpak" || d.kind === "p115" || d.kind === "onedrive"),
     [list]
   );
 
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ export function DrivesPage() {
 
   function openCreate() {
     // 创建时把全局 setting 当前值带进表单，方便用户在新建第一个 spider91 drive 时
-    // 直接看到当前的上传目标选择（一般是空 = 自动）。
+    // 直接看到当前的上传目标选择（一般是空 = 本地保存）。
     setForm({
       ...emptyForm,
       spider91UploadDriveId: settings?.spider91UploadDriveId ?? "",
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ export function DrivesPage() {
   /**
    * 立即触发完整凌晨流水线（Phase1 扫所有云盘 → Phase2 spider91 爬虫 →
    * Phase3 spider91 → 云盘迁移）。后端立即返回 202；进度看 backend 日志。
-   * 已在跑时后端会丢弃此次触发，按钮再点也不会重复进入。
+   * 如果当前已有流水线在跑，后端最多保留一个待触发请求，当前轮结束后再跑一轮。
    */
   async function handleRunNightly() {
     try {
@@ -427,13 +428,13 @@ export function DrivesPage() {
             )}
           </div>
 
-          {/* 右栏：Teaser / 封面 与 缓存占用 */}
+          {/* 右栏：Teaser / 封面 / 指纹 与 缓存占用 */}
           <div>
             <div className="admin-detail-card">
               <header className="admin-detail-card__title">
                 <div className="admin-detail-card__title-left">
                   <PlayCircle size={16} />
-                  <span>Teaser 预览与封面</span>
+                  <span>生成状态</span>
                 </div>
                 <div className="admin-detail-actions-inline">
                   <button
@@ -481,6 +482,22 @@ export function DrivesPage() {
                     />
                   </div>
                 </div>
+                <div className="admin-detail-row">
+                  <span className="admin-detail-label">指纹状态</span>
+                  <div className="admin-detail-value">
+                    <GenerationStatusLine label="指纹" status={d.fingerprintGenerationStatus} />
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <div className="admin-detail-row">
+                  <span className="admin-detail-label">指纹数量</span>
+                  <div className="admin-detail-value">
+                    <GenerationCounts
+                      ready={d.fingerprintReadyCount}
+                      pending={d.fingerprintPendingCount}
+                      failed={d.fingerprintFailedCount}
+                    />
+                  </div>
+                </div>
               </div>
 
               <div className="admin-detail-actions">
@@ -586,7 +603,7 @@ export function DrivesPage() {
         <div className="admin-empty">加载中...</div>
       ) : list.length === 0 ? (
         <div className="admin-card admin-empty">
-          还没有配置任何网盘。点击右上角「新建」，选择夸克 / 115 / PikPak / 沃盘 / OneDrive，填入凭证即可。
+          还没有配置任何网盘。点击右上角「新建」，选择夸克 / 115 / PikPak / 沃盘 / OneDrive / 本地存储，填入凭证或路径即可。
         </div>
       ) : (
         <div className="admin-drives-grid">
@@ -625,6 +642,15 @@ export function DrivesPage() {
                     </span>
                   </strong>
                 </div>
+                <div className="admin-drive-card__metric">
+                  <span>指纹数 (就绪/失败)</span>
+                  <strong>
+                    {d.fingerprintReadyCount ?? 0}
+                    <span style={{ fontSize: "11px", fontWeight: "normal", color: "var(--text-faint)" }}>
+                      {" "}/ {d.fingerprintFailedCount ?? 0}
+                    </span>
+                  </strong>
+                </div>
               </div>
 
               <div className="admin-drive-card__footer">
@@ -837,6 +863,11 @@ function DriveForm({
 }) {
   const fields = useMemo(() => credentialFields(form.kind), [form.kind]);
   const help = credentialHelp(form.kind, isEdit);
+  const showDirectoryFields =
+    form.kind !== "spider91" &&
+    form.kind !== "onedrive" &&
+    form.kind !== "localstorage" &&
+    form.kind !== "pikpak";
 
   function set<K extends keyof FormState>(k: K, v: FormState[K]) {
     onChange({ ...form, [k]: v });
@@ -873,13 +904,14 @@ function DriveForm({
         >
           <option value="p115">115 网盘</option>
           <option value="pikpak">PikPak</option>
-          <option value="spider91">91 爬虫</option>
+          <option value="onedrive">OneDrive</option>
+          <option value="localstorage">本地存储</option>
+          <option value="spider91">91 Spider</option>
           <option value="quark">夸克网盘</option>
           <option value="wopan">联通沃盘</option>
-          <option value="onedrive">OneDrive</option>
         </select>
       </div>
-      {form.kind !== "spider91" && (
+      {showDirectoryFields && (
         <>
           <div className="admin-form__row">
             <label>根目录 ID</label>
@@ -953,10 +985,9 @@ function DriveForm({
  * Spider91UploadTargetField 是 spider91 drive 表单专属的"上传目标"下拉。
  *
  * 行为：
- *   - 选项 = "（自动）" + 系统中所有 pikpak/p115 drive
- *   - "自动" 模式（value=""）下，后端在迁移 worker 启动时挑唯一的目标盘；
- *     系统中如果同时挂着 pikpak 和 p115 drive 必须显式选定，否则不会上传
- *   - 没有任何 pikpak/p115 drive 时给一行提示文字，告诉用户先去添加目标盘
+ *   - 选项 = "本地保存，不上传" + 系统中所有 pikpak/p115/onedrive drive
+ *   - value="" 时后端不迁移上传，视频保存在服务器本地
+ *   - 没有任何 pikpak/p115/onedrive drive 时仍允许选择本地保存
  *   - 该字段写入的是全局 setting `spider91.upload_drive_id`，不是 drive 自己的
  *     credentials —— 所有 spider91 drive 共享同一个上传目标
  */
@@ -969,53 +1000,20 @@ function Spider91UploadTargetField({
   onChange: (v: string) => void;
   uploadTargets: api.AdminDrive[];
 }) {
-  // 文案根据系统中实际挂载的目标盘 kind 自适应：
-  //   - 只挂了 PikPak  → 文案只讲 "PikPak"
-  //   - 只挂了 115     → 文案只讲 "115 网盘"
-  //   - 两类都挂       → 文案讲 "PikPak / 115 网盘"
-  // 这样在单一类型场景下用户不会被另一类的字样干扰。
-  const kindsPresent = new Set(uploadTargets.map((d) => d.kind));
-  const hasPikPak = kindsPresent.has("pikpak");
-  const has115 = kindsPresent.has("p115");
-  const presentLabel =
-    hasPikPak && has115
-      ? "PikPak / 115 网盘"
-      : hasPikPak
-      ? "PikPak"
-      : has115
-      ? "115 网盘"
-      : "PikPak 或 115 网盘";
-
   return (
     <div className="admin-form__row">
       <label>视频上传目标</label>
-      {uploadTargets.length === 0 ? (
-        <>
-          <select value="" disabled>
-            <option value="">（请先添加 {presentLabel}）</option>
-          </select>
-          <div className="admin-form__help">
-            目前系统里还没有 {presentLabel} drive。可以先保存 91 爬虫，之后再回来选择上传目标。
-          </div>
-        </>
-      ) : (
-        <>
-          <select value={value} onChange={(e) => onChange(e.target.value)}>
-            <option value="">（自动：唯一的 {presentLabel}）</option>
-            {uploadTargets.map((d) => (
-              <option key={d.id} value={d.id}>
-                {kindLabel[d.kind] ?? d.kind} · {d.name || d.id}
-              </option>
-            ))}
-          </select>
-          <div className="admin-form__help">
-            爬取后的旧视频会上传到该云盘根目录。该设置全局生效；
-            {uploadTargets.length > 1
-              ? `如果同时挂着多个 ${presentLabel} drive，"自动"模式不会工作，必须显式选定一个。`
-              : `当前只挂着 1 个 ${presentLabel}，"自动"模式会直接选用它。`}
-          </div>
-        </>
-      )}
+      <select value={value} onChange={(e) => onChange(e.target.value)}>
+        <option value="">本地保存，不上传</option>
+        {uploadTargets.map((d) => (
+          <option key={d.id} value={d.id}>
+            {kindLabel[d.kind] ?? d.kind} · {d.name || d.id}
+          </option>
+        ))}
+      </select>
+      <div className="admin-form__help">
+        选择本地保存时，爬取视频只保存在服务器本地；选择 115 网盘、PikPak 或 OneDrive 后，较早的视频会上传到该云盘根目录下的 91 Spider 文件夹。该设置全局生效。
+      </div>
     </div>
   );
 }
@@ -1028,13 +1026,15 @@ function credentialHelp(kind: Kind, isEdit: boolean): string {
     case "p115":
       return `登录 115.com 后复制 Cookie，形如 "UID=...; CID=...; SEID=...; KID=..."。${note}`;
     case "pikpak":
-      return `参考 OpenList 的 PikPak 登录方式。可填用户名和密码首次登录，也可填 refresh_token；如返回验证码链接，打开验证后把 captcha_token 粘贴回来。${note}`;
+      return `填写 PikPak 账号和密码即可。平台、设备 ID、验证码 token 和 refresh token 会由服务端自动处理并保存。${note}`;
     case "wopan":
       return `需要 access_token 和 refresh_token。后续会加扫码/短信登录入口，第一版只能手工粘贴。${note}`;
     case "onedrive":
-      return `按 OpenList 默认方式，通过 api.oplist.org 在线刷新 token。只需要 refresh_token；保存后会自动回写新的 access_token / refresh_token。${note}`;
+      return `按 OpenList 默认应用在线挂载，只需要 refresh_token；保存时会自动刷新并保存 token。${note}`;
+    case "localstorage":
+      return `把服务器上的一个已有目录作为视频来源扫描。填写绝对路径，例如 /mnt/videos；系统会读取该目录及子目录中的视频，并生成封面、Teaser 和指纹。${note}`;
     case "spider91":
-      return "91 爬虫会把定时抓取到的视频和封面先保存到本机，并作为一个视频来源接入站点；它不是外部网盘，不需要填写 Cookie 或目录 ID。后续流水线会把较早的视频上传到你选择的 115 / PikPak 目标盘。";
+      return "91 爬虫会把定时抓取到的视频和封面先保存到本机，并作为一个视频来源接入站点；它不是外部网盘，不需要填写 Cookie 或目录 ID。后续流水线会把较早的视频上传到你选择的 115 / PikPak / OneDrive 目标盘。";
     default:
       return "";
   }
@@ -1073,42 +1073,15 @@ function credentialFields(kind: Kind): Array<{
       return [
         {
           key: "username",
-          label: "用户名 / 邮箱（无 refresh_token 时必填）",
+          label: "用户名 / 邮箱",
           placeholder: "user@example.com",
+          required: true,
         },
         {
           key: "password",
-          label: "密码（无 refresh_token 时必填）",
+          label: "密码",
           placeholder: "PikPak 密码",
-        },
-        {
-          key: "platform",
-          label: "platform",
-          placeholder: "web（可选：android / web / pc）",
-          help: "默认 web；如果登录或直链异常，可尝试 android 或 pc。",
-        },
-        {
-          key: "refresh_token",
-          label: "refresh_token（可选）",
-          placeholder: "已有 token 时可直接粘贴",
-          multiline: true,
-        },
-        {
-          key: "captcha_token",
-          label: "captcha_token（可选）",
-          placeholder: "遇到验证码校验时粘贴",
-          multiline: true,
-        },
-        {
-          key: "device_id",
-          label: "device_id（可选）",
-          placeholder: "留空自动生成并保存",
-        },
-        {
-          key: "disable_media_link",
-          label: "disable_media_link",
-          placeholder: "true",
-          help: "默认 true，使用原始下载链接；填 false 可尝试使用媒体缓存链接。",
+          required: true,
         },
       ];
     case "wopan":
@@ -1140,34 +1113,15 @@ function credentialFields(kind: Kind): Array<{
           multiline: true,
           required: true,
         },
+      ];
+    case "localstorage":
+      return [
         {
-          key: "access_token",
-          label: "access_token（可选）",
-          placeholder: "留空也可以，保存时会在线刷新",
-          multiline: true,
-        },
-        {
-          key: "api_url_address",
-          label: "api_url_address（可选）",
-          placeholder: "https://api.oplist.org/onedrive/renewapi",
-          help: "默认使用 OpenList 的在线刷新 API；除非你有自建兼容服务，否则留空。",
-        },
-        {
-          key: "region",
-          label: "region（可选）",
-          placeholder: "global（可选：global / cn / us / de）",
-          help: "默认 global；世纪互联填 cn，美国政府云填 us，德国云填 de。",
-        },
-        {
-          key: "is_sharepoint",
-          label: "is_sharepoint（可选）",
-          placeholder: "false",
-          help: "普通 OneDrive 留空或 false；SharePoint 文档库填 true，并填写 site_id。",
-        },
-        {
-          key: "site_id",
-          label: "site_id（SharePoint 必填）",
-          placeholder: "SharePoint site id",
+          key: "path",
+          label: "本地目录路径",
+          placeholder: "/mnt/videos",
+          required: true,
+          help: "路径必须是后端服务器上的已有目录；保存后可手动重扫，系统会递归扫描支持的视频格式。",
         },
       ];
     case "spider91":
@@ -1178,6 +1132,7 @@ function credentialFields(kind: Kind): Array<{
 function defaultRootId(kind: Kind): string {
   if (kind === "pikpak") return "";
   if (kind === "onedrive") return "root";
+  if (kind === "localstorage") return "/";
   if (kind === "spider91") return "/";
   return "0";
 }

src/admin/api.ts

@@ -61,11 +61,23 @@ export function me() {
   return request<{ authenticated: boolean }>("/me");
 }
 
+export type UpdateCheck = {
+  currentVersion: string;
+  latestVersion: string;
+  hasUpdate: boolean;
+  releaseUrl?: string;
+  checkedAt: string;
+};
+
+export function checkUpdate() {
+  return request<UpdateCheck>("/update/check");
+}
+
 // ---------- Drives ----------
 
 export type AdminDrive = {
   id: string;
-  kind: "quark" | "p115" | "pikpak" | "wopan" | "onedrive" | "spider91";
+  kind: "quark" | "p115" | "pikpak" | "wopan" | "onedrive" | "localstorage" | "spider91";
   name: string;
   rootId: string;
   scanRootId: string;
@@ -84,12 +96,16 @@ export type AdminDrive = {
   lastCrawlAt?: number;
   thumbnailGenerationStatus?: DriveGenerationStatus;
   previewGenerationStatus?: DriveGenerationStatus;
+  fingerprintGenerationStatus?: DriveGenerationStatus;
   thumbnailReadyCount: number;
   thumbnailPendingCount: number;
   thumbnailFailedCount: number;
   teaserReadyCount: number;
   teaserPendingCount: number;
   teaserFailedCount: number;
+  fingerprintReadyCount: number;
+  fingerprintPendingCount: number;
+  fingerprintFailedCount: number;
 };
 
 export type DriveGenerationStatus = {
@@ -121,7 +137,7 @@ export function getDriveStorage() {
 
 export type UpsertDriveInput = {
   id: string;
-  kind: "quark" | "p115" | "pikpak" | "wopan" | "onedrive" | "spider91";
+  kind: "quark" | "p115" | "pikpak" | "wopan" | "onedrive" | "localstorage" | "spider91";
   name: string;
   rootId: string;
   scanRootId: string;
@@ -324,9 +340,9 @@ export type Theme = "dark" | "pink";
 export type Settings = {
   theme: Theme;
   /**
-   * spider91 视频迁移到云盘时的目标 drive ID（必须是已挂载的 pikpak 或 p115 drive）。
-   * - 空字符串：自动模式。系统中如果只挂着一个 pikpak/p115 drive 就用它；多个并存时迁移会跳过。
-   * - 非空：显式指定。后端会校验 drive 存在且 kind ∈ {pikpak, p115}。
+   * spider91 视频迁移到云盘时的目标 drive ID（必须是已挂载的 pikpak、p115 或 onedrive drive）。
+   * - 空字符串：本地保存，不上传到云盘。
+   * - 非空：显式指定。后端会校验 drive 存在且 kind ∈ {pikpak, p115, onedrive}。
    */
   spider91UploadDriveId: string;
 };
@@ -355,7 +371,7 @@ export function updateSettings(body: Partial<Settings>) {
  * 立即触发一次完整的凌晨流水线（Phase1 扫盘 + Phase2 91 爬虫 + Phase3 迁移），
  * 不论当前时间或今日是否已跑。立即返回 202；进度通过 backend 日志观察。
  *
- * 流水线已在跑时后端会丢弃此次触发。
+ * 流水线已在跑时后端最多保留一个待触发请求；已有待触发请求时，新的点击会被忽略。
  */
 export function runNightlyJob() {
   return request<{ ok: boolean }>("/jobs/nightly/run", { method: "POST" });

src/components/VideoCard.tsx

@@ -294,5 +294,6 @@ function sourceKindFromLabel(label: string): string {
   if (value.includes("pikpak")) return "pikpak";
   if (value.includes("沃盘") || value.includes("wopan") || value.includes("联通")) return "wopan";
   if (value.includes("onedrive") || value.includes("one drive")) return "onedrive";
+  if (value.includes("本地") || value.includes("localstorage") || value.includes("local storage")) return "localstorage";
   return "";
 }

src/components/VideoMetaHeader.tsx

@@ -72,5 +72,7 @@ function sourceKindFromLabel(label: string): string {
   if (value.includes("沃盘") || value.includes("wopan") || value.includes("联通"))
     return "wopan";
   if (value.includes("onedrive") || value.includes("one drive")) return "onedrive";
+  if (value.includes("本地") || value.includes("localstorage") || value.includes("local storage"))
+    return "localstorage";
   return "";
 }

src/pages/ShortsPage.tsx

@@ -1287,6 +1287,7 @@ function getDriveShortName(source: string): string {
   if (s.includes("quark") || s.includes("夸克")) return "Quak";
   if (s.includes("onedrive")) return "OneDrive";
   if (s.includes("wopan") || s.includes("沃盘")) return "沃盘";
+  if (s.includes("localstorage") || s.includes("本地")) return "本地";
   if (s.includes("spider") || s.includes("爬虫")) return "爬虫";
   return source.substring(0, 4);
 }

src/styles/admin.css

@@ -121,10 +121,45 @@
   border-top: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
 }
 
+.admin-sidebar__check-update {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+  width: 100%;
+  min-height: 34px;
+  padding: 8px 12px;
+  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
+  color: var(--text-muted);
+  font-size: var(--font-sm);
+  font-weight: var(--weight-medium);
+  text-align: left;
+}
+
+.admin-sidebar__check-update:hover:not(:disabled) {
+  color: var(--text-strong);
+  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);
+}
+
+.admin-sidebar__check-update:disabled {
+  opacity: 0.6;
+  cursor: wait;
+}
+
+.admin-sidebar__check-update:disabled svg {
+  animation: admin-update-spin 0.9s linear infinite;
+}
+
+@keyframes admin-update-spin {
+  to {
+    transform: rotate(360deg);
+  }
+}
+
 .admin-sidebar__logout {
   display: inline-flex;
   align-items: center;
   gap: 6px;
+  width: 100%;
   padding: 8px 12px;
   margin-top: 8px;
   border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
@@ -1790,6 +1825,7 @@
 .admin-drive-card__brand-icon[data-kind="pikpak"] { background: var(--drive-pikpak); }
 .admin-drive-card__brand-icon[data-kind="wopan"] { background: var(--drive-wopan); }
 .admin-drive-card__brand-icon[data-kind="onedrive"] { background: var(--drive-onedrive); }
+.admin-drive-card__brand-icon[data-kind="localstorage"] { background: var(--drive-localstorage); }
 .admin-drive-card__brand-icon[data-kind="spider91"] { background: var(--accent); }
 
 .admin-drive-card__info {

src/styles/tokens.css

@@ -134,6 +134,7 @@
   --drive-pikpak: #8a6dff;
   --drive-wopan: #ff8a3c;
   --drive-onedrive: #4cabea;
+  --drive-localstorage: #35b88f;
 
   /* ----- 阴影 ----- */
   --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
@@ -213,6 +214,7 @@
   --drive-pikpak: #8466e6;
   --drive-wopan: #e57a36;
   --drive-onedrive: #2f95cf;
+  --drive-localstorage: #239978;
 
   /* ----- 阴影（粉色柔投影 + 一层中性） ----- */
   --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(180, 90, 120, 0.08);

src/styles/video-card.css

@@ -306,6 +306,14 @@
   --drive-shadow: rgba(76, 171, 234, 0.15);
   --drive-shadow-strong: rgba(76, 171, 234, 0.4);
 }
+.source-badge[data-kind="localstorage"] {
+  --drive-color: var(--drive-localstorage);
+  --drive-bg: rgba(53, 184, 143, 0.12);
+  --drive-text: #a8efdc;
+  --drive-border: rgba(53, 184, 143, 0.35);
+  --drive-shadow: rgba(53, 184, 143, 0.15);
+  --drive-shadow-strong: rgba(53, 184, 143, 0.4);
+}
 
 /* ----- Preview overlay ----- */
 .preview-loader {
@@ -441,6 +449,7 @@
 .video-card__source[data-kind="pikpak"] { --source-color: var(--drive-pikpak); }
 .video-card__source[data-kind="wopan"] { --source-color: var(--drive-wopan); }
 .video-card__source[data-kind="onedrive"] { --source-color: var(--drive-onedrive); }
+.video-card__source[data-kind="localstorage"] { --source-color: var(--drive-localstorage); }
 
 /* =========================================================
  * Empty / Loading / Skeleton

src/styles/video-detail.css

@@ -351,6 +351,12 @@
   color: var(--drive-onedrive);
 }
 
+.vd-meta__chip[data-tone="localstorage"] {
+  background: rgba(53, 184, 143, 0.14);
+  border-color: rgba(53, 184, 143, 0.3);
+  color: var(--drive-localstorage);
+}
+
 /* ---------- Actions toolbar ---------- */
 .vd-actions {
   display: flex;

tests/adminDriveForm.test.ts

@@ -13,3 +13,84 @@ test("spider91 drive form does not expose advanced crawler credentials", () => {
   assert.doesNotMatch(drivesPageSource, /python_path/);
   assert.doesNotMatch(drivesPageSource, /script_path/);
 });
+
+test("spider91 upload target uses explicit local-save option instead of auto target", () => {
+  assert.match(drivesPageSource, /本地保存，不上传/);
+  assert.match(
+    drivesPageSource,
+    /d\.kind === "pikpak" \|\| d\.kind === "p115" \|\| d\.kind === "onedrive"/
+  );
+  assert.doesNotMatch(drivesPageSource, /自动：唯一/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(drivesPageSource, /自动模式/);
+});
+
+test("onedrive drive form only exposes required default-app fields", () => {
+  assert.match(
+    drivesPageSource,
+    /form\.kind !== "spider91" &&\s*form\.kind !== "onedrive" &&\s*form\.kind !== "localstorage" &&\s*form\.kind !== "pikpak"/
+  );
+
+  const match =
+    /function credentialFields[\s\S]*?case "onedrive":\s*return \[([\s\S]*?)\];\s*case "spider91":/.exec(
+      drivesPageSource
+    );
+  assert.ok(match, "onedrive credential field block should be present");
+  const fields = match[1];
+
+  assert.match(fields, /key: "refresh_token"/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(fields, /key: "access_token"/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(fields, /key: "api_url_address"/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(fields, /key: "region"/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(fields, /key: "is_sharepoint"/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(fields, /key: "site_id"/);
+});
+
+test("pikpak drive form only exposes account login fields", () => {
+  const match =
+    /case "pikpak":\s*return \[([\s\S]*?)\];\s*case "wopan":/.exec(
+      drivesPageSource
+    );
+  assert.ok(match, "pikpak credential field block should be present");
+  const fields = match[1];
+
+  assert.match(fields, /key: "username"/);
+  assert.match(fields, /key: "password"/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(fields, /key: "platform"/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(fields, /key: "refresh_token"/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(fields, /key: "captcha_token"/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(fields, /key: "device_id"/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(fields, /key: "disable_media_link"/);
+});
+
+test("localstorage drive form asks for a server directory path", () => {
+  assert.match(drivesPageSource, /<option value="localstorage">本地存储<\/option>/);
+
+  const match =
+    /case "localstorage":\s*return \[([\s\S]*?)\];\s*case "spider91":/.exec(
+      drivesPageSource
+    );
+  assert.ok(match, "localstorage credential field block should be present");
+  const fields = match[1];
+
+  assert.match(fields, /key: "path"/);
+  assert.match(fields, /label: "本地目录路径"/);
+  assert.match(drivesPageSource, /if \(kind === "localstorage"\) return "\/"/);
+});
+
+test("drive type selector keeps primary source order", () => {
+  const options = Array.from(
+    drivesPageSource.matchAll(/<option value="([^"]+)">([^<]+)<\/option>/g),
+    (match) => ({ value: match[1], label: match[2] })
+  );
+  const driveOptions = options.slice(0, 7);
+
+  assert.deepEqual(driveOptions, [
+    { value: "p115", label: "115 网盘" },
+    { value: "pikpak", label: "PikPak" },
+    { value: "onedrive", label: "OneDrive" },
+    { value: "localstorage", label: "本地存储" },
+    { value: "spider91", label: "91 Spider" },
+    { value: "quark", label: "夸克网盘" },
+    { value: "wopan", label: "联通沃盘" },
+  ]);
+});