release: v1.1.19

chore: add version badge to README

README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   <img src="frontend/public/favicon.svg" width="96" alt="CLICD">
 </p>
 
-<h1 align="center">CLICD</h1>
+<h1 align="center">CLICD <sub><sup>v1.1.18</sup></sub></h1>
 
 <p align="center">
   <img alt="Go" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-1.24-00ADD8?style=flat-square&logo=go&logoColor=white">
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MengMengCode/CLICD/main/install.sh
 | 虚拟化管理 | 在同一个面板里管理 LXC 容器和 KVM 虚拟机，支持创建、重装、开机、关机、重启、删除、重置密码、到期时间和批量操作。 |
 | 镜像与模板 | 内置模板和镜像管理，支持 Ubuntu、Debian、Alpine、CentOS、Arch Linux、Fedora、Rocky Linux 等常见发行版，镜像可按需下载、取消、启用、禁用和清理缓存。 |
 | 网络能力 | 支持 NAT4 端口配额、随机可用端口、TCP/UDP 端口映射、公网 IPv4 池管理、IPv6 前缀检测、IPv6 状态检查和容器级 IPv6 分配。 |
-| 资源限制 | 支持 CPU、内存、磁盘、Swap、带宽用量、流量重置、流量限制和资源限制管理；容器到期或超额后可自动关机，避免资源和流量失控。 |
+| 资源限制 | 支持 CPU、内存、磁盘、Swap、独立上行/下行带宽、读/写 I/O 限速、流量重置、流量限制和资源限制管理；容器到期或超额后可自动关机，避免资源和流量失控。 |
 | 远程控制 | 内置 WebSSH 和 WebVNC 票据访问，用户可以直接在浏览器打开终端或控制台，不需要手动复制连接信息。 |
 | 快照能力 | 支持快照总览、容器快照、创建快照、删除快照、恢复快照、计划快照和快照配额。 |
 | 安全告警 | 基于 conntrack 做轻量安全检测，可识别端口扫描、横向扫描、爆破倾向、SMTP 滥用、UDP 反射、挖矿端口、代理/VPN/Tor 等风险，并提供安全日志、汇总和设置项。 |

backend/internal/api/handlers.go

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package api
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -210,10 +212,21 @@ func listContainers(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 func createContainer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	var cfg lxc.ContainerConfig
-	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&cfg); err != nil {
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+	if err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid request body"})
 		return
 	}
+	var fields map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &cfg); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid request body"})
+		return
+	}
+	_ = json.Unmarshal(body, &fields)
+	if err := normalizeCreateResourceLimits(&cfg, fields); err != nil {
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
 	if cfg.Name == "" {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Container name is required"})
 		return
@@ -386,10 +399,14 @@ func updateTrafficLimit(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
 
 func updateResourceLimit(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
 	var req struct {
-		VCPU   float64 `json:"vcpu"`
+		VCPU            *float64 `json:"vcpu"`
-		RAMMB  int     `json:"ram_mb"`
+		RAMMB           *int     `json:"ram_mb"`
-		IOMBps int     `json:"io_speed_mbps"`
+		IOMBps          *int     `json:"io_speed_mbps"`
-		BWMbps int     `json:"network_bw_mbps"`
+		IOReadMBps      *int     `json:"io_read_mbps"`
+		IOWriteMBps     *int     `json:"io_write_mbps"`
+		BWMbps          *int     `json:"network_bw_mbps"`
+		NetworkDownMbps *int     `json:"network_down_mbps"`
+		NetworkUpMbps   *int     `json:"network_up_mbps"`
 	}
 	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Invalid request"})
@@ -404,21 +421,35 @@ func updateResourceLimit(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
 	// Update config
 	nextVCPU := c.VCPU
 	nextRAMMB := c.RAMMB
-	if req.VCPU > 0 {
+	if req.VCPU != nil {
-		nextVCPU = req.VCPU
+		nextVCPU = *req.VCPU
 	}
-	if req.RAMMB > 0 {
+	if req.RAMMB != nil {
-		nextRAMMB = req.RAMMB
+		nextRAMMB = *req.RAMMB
 	}
 	if err := validateRuntimeResourceRequest(c.Runtime(), nextVCPU, nextRAMMB, c.DiskGB); err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
+	for name, value := range map[string]*int{
+		"network_bw_mbps":   req.BWMbps,
+		"network_down_mbps": req.NetworkDownMbps,
+		"network_up_mbps":   req.NetworkUpMbps,
+		"io_speed_mbps":     req.IOMBps,
+		"io_read_mbps":      req.IOReadMBps,
+		"io_write_mbps":     req.IOWriteMBps,
+	} {
+		if err := rejectNegativeLimit(name, value); err != nil {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
+			return
+		}
+	}
 
 	c.VCPU = nextVCPU
 	c.RAMMB = nextRAMMB
-	c.IOSpeedMBps = req.IOMBps
+	applyNetworkLimitPatch(c, req.BWMbps, req.NetworkDownMbps, req.NetworkUpMbps)
-	c.NetworkBWMbps = req.BWMbps
+	applyIOLimitPatch(c, req.IOMBps, req.IOReadMBps, req.IOWriteMBps)
+	config.NormalizeContainerResourceAliases(c)
 	config.SaveConfig()
 
 	// Re-apply resource limits to running container
@@ -436,6 +467,114 @@ func updateResourceLimit(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: msg})
 }
 
+func normalizeCreateResourceLimits(cfg *lxc.ContainerConfig, fields map[string]json.RawMessage) error {
+	if cfg == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := rejectNegativeCreateLimits(*cfg); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	bwSet := hasJSONField(fields, "network_bw_mbps")
+	downSet := hasJSONField(fields, "network_down_mbps")
+	upSet := hasJSONField(fields, "network_up_mbps")
+	if bwSet {
+		if !downSet {
+			cfg.NetworkDownMbps = cfg.NetworkBWMbps
+		}
+		if !upSet {
+			cfg.NetworkUpMbps = cfg.NetworkBWMbps
+		}
+	}
+	ioSet := hasJSONField(fields, "io_speed_mbps")
+	readSet := hasJSONField(fields, "io_read_mbps")
+	writeSet := hasJSONField(fields, "io_write_mbps")
+	if ioSet {
+		if !readSet {
+			cfg.IOReadMBps = cfg.IOSpeedMBps
+		}
+		if !writeSet {
+			cfg.IOWriteMBps = cfg.IOSpeedMBps
+		}
+	}
+	cfg.NormalizeResourceAliases()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func rejectNegativeCreateLimits(cfg lxc.ContainerConfig) error {
+	for name, value := range map[string]int{
+		"network_bw_mbps":   cfg.NetworkBWMbps,
+		"network_down_mbps": cfg.NetworkDownMbps,
+		"network_up_mbps":   cfg.NetworkUpMbps,
+		"io_speed_mbps":     cfg.IOSpeedMBps,
+		"io_read_mbps":      cfg.IOReadMBps,
+		"io_write_mbps":     cfg.IOWriteMBps,
+	} {
+		if value < 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s cannot be negative", name)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func hasJSONField(fields map[string]json.RawMessage, name string) bool {
+	if fields == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	_, ok := fields[name]
+	return ok
+}
+
+func rejectNegativeLimit(name string, value *int) error {
+	if value != nil && *value < 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s cannot be negative", name)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func applyNetworkLimitPatch(c *config.Container, legacy *int, down *int, up *int) {
+	if c == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	config.NormalizeContainerResourceAliases(c)
+	nextDown := c.NetworkDownMbps
+	nextUp := c.NetworkUpMbps
+	if legacy != nil {
+		nextDown = *legacy
+		nextUp = *legacy
+	}
+	if down != nil {
+		nextDown = *down
+	}
+	if up != nil {
+		nextUp = *up
+	}
+	c.NetworkDownMbps = nextDown
+	c.NetworkUpMbps = nextUp
+	c.NetworkBWMbps = config.LegacySymmetricLimit(nextDown, nextUp)
+}
+
+func applyIOLimitPatch(c *config.Container, legacy *int, read *int, write *int) {
+	if c == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	config.NormalizeContainerResourceAliases(c)
+	nextRead := c.IOReadMBps
+	nextWrite := c.IOWriteMBps
+	if legacy != nil {
+		nextRead = *legacy
+		nextWrite = *legacy
+	}
+	if read != nil {
+		nextRead = *read
+	}
+	if write != nil {
+		nextWrite = *write
+	}
+	c.IOReadMBps = nextRead
+	c.IOWriteMBps = nextWrite
+	c.IOSpeedMBps = config.LegacySymmetricLimit(nextRead, nextWrite)
+}
+
 func getRandomPort(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
 	c := config.FindContainer(id)
 	if c == nil {

backend/internal/api/runtime.go

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ func runtimeFromTemplateID(templateID string) string {
 
 func createByRuntime(cfg lxc.ContainerConfig) error {
 	cfg.Virtualization = runtimeFromRequest(cfg.Virtualization)
+	cfg.NormalizeResourceAliases()
 	if cfg.Virtualization == config.VirtualizationKVM {
 		return kvmManager.CreateContainer(cfg)
 	}

backend/internal/api/taskqueue.go

@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) EnqueueWithAudit(containerID int, containerName string, task
 	}
 	if cfg != nil {
 		task.Config = *cfg
+		task.Config.NormalizeResourceAliases()
 	}
 	q.enqueueTask(task)
 	q.persistTasks()
@@ -162,6 +163,7 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) enqueueBatchCreateList(configs []lxc.ContainerConfig, user s
 	var result []string
 	for _, cfg := range configs {
 		cfgCopy := cfg
+		cfgCopy.NormalizeResourceAliases()
 		id := q.nextID
 		q.nextID++
 		task := &Task{
@@ -246,6 +248,7 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) createWorker() {
 		if task.Config.Name == "" {
 			task.Config.Name = task.ContainerName
 		}
+		task.Config.NormalizeResourceAliases()
 		if task.Config.Name == "" {
 			task.Status = "failed"
 			task.Error = "container name is required"
@@ -592,6 +595,11 @@ func HandleBatchCreate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if req.Containers[i].VCPU <= 0 {
 			req.Containers[i].VCPU = 1
 		}
+		if err := rejectNegativeCreateLimits(req.Containers[i]); err != nil {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: name + ": " + err.Error()})
+			return
+		}
+		req.Containers[i].NormalizeResourceAliases()
 		req.Containers[i].Virtualization = runtimeFromRequest(req.Containers[i].Virtualization)
 		if req.Containers[i].RAMMB < 128 {
 			req.Containers[i].RAMMB = 512
@@ -820,6 +828,7 @@ func RestoreTasks() {
 		if cfg.Name == "" {
 			cfg.Name = containerName
 		}
+		cfg.NormalizeResourceAliases()
 		containerID := st.ContainerID
 		if containerID <= 0 && containerName != "" {
 			if c := config.FindContainerByName(containerName); c != nil {

backend/internal/cli/cli.go

@@ -388,6 +388,7 @@ func cliCreateContainer(reader *bufio.Reader) {
 		IOSpeedMBps:      promptInt(reader, "IO 速度 (MB/s)", 500),
 		ExtraPorts:       promptPortList(reader, "额外 NAT 端口，多个用逗号分隔"),
 	}
+	cfg.NormalizeResourceAliases()
 
 	cliPrintf("\n正在创建容器 %s ...\n", name)
 	if err := manager.CreateContainer(cfg); err != nil {

backend/internal/config/config.go

@@ -115,6 +115,8 @@ type Container struct {
 	RAMMB                         int                    `json:"ram_mb"`
 	DiskGB                        int                    `json:"disk_gb"`
 	NetworkBWMbps                 int                    `json:"network_bw_mbps"`
+	NetworkDownMbps               int                    `json:"network_down_mbps"`
+	NetworkUpMbps                 int                    `json:"network_up_mbps"`
 	MonthlyTrafficGB              int                    `json:"monthly_traffic_gb"`
 	TrafficMode                   string                 `json:"traffic_mode"`   // "total" or "in_out"
 	TrafficInGB                   int                    `json:"traffic_in_gb"`  // 0 = unlimited
@@ -123,6 +125,8 @@ type Container struct {
 	TrafficUsedTX                 int64                  `json:"traffic_used_tx"`
 	TrafficResetDate              string                 `json:"traffic_reset_date"`
 	IOSpeedMBps                   int                    `json:"io_speed_mbps"`
+	IOReadMBps                    int                    `json:"io_read_mbps"`
+	IOWriteMBps                   int                    `json:"io_write_mbps"`
 	Status                        string                 `json:"status"`
 	IP                            string                 `json:"ip"`
 	PublicIPv4s                   []PublicIPv4Assignment `json:"public_ipv4s,omitempty"`
@@ -704,6 +708,9 @@ func migrateLoadedConfig() bool {
 	if ensureContainerNetworkAssignments() {
 		changed = true
 	}
+	if ensureContainerResourceAliases() {
+		changed = true
+	}
 	if ensureContainerSnapshotScheduleDefaults() {
 		changed = true
 	}
@@ -802,6 +809,91 @@ func ensureContainerNetworkAssignments() bool {
 	return changed
 }
 
+func ensureContainerResourceAliases() bool {
+	changed := false
+	for i := range AppConfig.Containers {
+		if NormalizeContainerResourceAliases(&AppConfig.Containers[i]) {
+			changed = true
+		}
+	}
+	return changed
+}
+
+func NormalizeContainerResourceAliases(c *Container) bool {
+	if c == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	changed := false
+	if c.NetworkBWMbps < 0 {
+		c.NetworkBWMbps = 0
+		changed = true
+	}
+	if c.NetworkDownMbps < 0 {
+		c.NetworkDownMbps = 0
+		changed = true
+	}
+	if c.NetworkUpMbps < 0 {
+		c.NetworkUpMbps = 0
+		changed = true
+	}
+	if c.NetworkDownMbps == 0 && c.NetworkUpMbps == 0 && c.NetworkBWMbps > 0 {
+		c.NetworkDownMbps = c.NetworkBWMbps
+		c.NetworkUpMbps = c.NetworkBWMbps
+		changed = true
+	}
+	nextNetworkBW := LegacySymmetricLimit(c.NetworkDownMbps, c.NetworkUpMbps)
+	if c.NetworkBWMbps != nextNetworkBW {
+		c.NetworkBWMbps = nextNetworkBW
+		changed = true
+	}
+
+	if c.IOSpeedMBps < 0 {
+		c.IOSpeedMBps = 0
+		changed = true
+	}
+	if c.IOReadMBps < 0 {
+		c.IOReadMBps = 0
+		changed = true
+	}
+	if c.IOWriteMBps < 0 {
+		c.IOWriteMBps = 0
+		changed = true
+	}
+	if c.IOReadMBps == 0 && c.IOWriteMBps == 0 && c.IOSpeedMBps > 0 {
+		c.IOReadMBps = c.IOSpeedMBps
+		c.IOWriteMBps = c.IOSpeedMBps
+		changed = true
+	}
+	nextIO := LegacySymmetricLimit(c.IOReadMBps, c.IOWriteMBps)
+	if c.IOSpeedMBps != nextIO {
+		c.IOSpeedMBps = nextIO
+		changed = true
+	}
+	return changed
+}
+
+func LegacySymmetricLimit(a, b int) int {
+	if a < 0 {
+		a = 0
+	}
+	if b < 0 {
+		b = 0
+	}
+	if a == b {
+		return a
+	}
+	if a == 0 {
+		return b
+	}
+	if b == 0 {
+		return a
+	}
+	if a < b {
+		return a
+	}
+	return b
+}
+
 func migrateSubUsers() bool {
 	changed := false
 	for i := range AppConfig.SubUsers {
@@ -886,6 +978,7 @@ func AddContainer(c Container) {
 		c.UUID = NewContainerUUID()
 	}
 	c.Virtualization = NormalizeVirtualization(c.Virtualization)
+	NormalizeContainerResourceAliases(&c)
 	AppConfig.Containers = append(AppConfig.Containers, c)
 	SaveConfig()
 }

backend/internal/config/store_sqlite.go

@@ -28,11 +28,15 @@ type savedTaskConfig struct {
 	RAMMB            int      `json:"ram_mb"`
 	DiskGB           int      `json:"disk_gb"`
 	NetworkBWMbps    int      `json:"network_bw_mbps"`
+	NetworkDownMbps  int      `json:"network_down_mbps"`
+	NetworkUpMbps    int      `json:"network_up_mbps"`
 	MonthlyTrafficGB int      `json:"monthly_traffic_gb"`
 	TrafficMode      string   `json:"traffic_mode"`
 	TrafficInGB      int      `json:"traffic_in_gb"`
 	TrafficOutGB     int      `json:"traffic_out_gb"`
 	IOSpeedMBps      int      `json:"io_speed_mbps"`
+	IOReadMBps       int      `json:"io_read_mbps"`
+	IOWriteMBps      int      `json:"io_write_mbps"`
 	ExtraPorts       []int    `json:"extra_ports"`
 	PortMappingCount int      `json:"port_mapping_count"`
 	AssignNAT        *bool    `json:"assign_nat,omitempty"`
@@ -55,10 +59,12 @@ func parseSavedTaskConfig(raw string) savedTaskConfig {
 	}
 	var cfg savedTaskConfig
 	_ = json.Unmarshal([]byte(raw), &cfg)
+	normalizeSavedTaskConfigLimits(&cfg)
 	return cfg
 }
 
 func encodeSavedTaskConfig(cfg savedTaskConfig) string {
+	normalizeSavedTaskConfigLimits(&cfg)
 	data, err := json.Marshal(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return ""
@@ -66,6 +72,41 @@ func encodeSavedTaskConfig(cfg savedTaskConfig) string {
 	return string(data)
 }
 
+func normalizeSavedTaskConfigLimits(cfg *savedTaskConfig) {
+	if cfg == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if cfg.NetworkBWMbps < 0 {
+		cfg.NetworkBWMbps = 0
+	}
+	if cfg.NetworkDownMbps < 0 {
+		cfg.NetworkDownMbps = 0
+	}
+	if cfg.NetworkUpMbps < 0 {
+		cfg.NetworkUpMbps = 0
+	}
+	if cfg.NetworkDownMbps == 0 && cfg.NetworkUpMbps == 0 && cfg.NetworkBWMbps > 0 {
+		cfg.NetworkDownMbps = cfg.NetworkBWMbps
+		cfg.NetworkUpMbps = cfg.NetworkBWMbps
+	}
+	cfg.NetworkBWMbps = LegacySymmetricLimit(cfg.NetworkDownMbps, cfg.NetworkUpMbps)
+
+	if cfg.IOSpeedMBps < 0 {
+		cfg.IOSpeedMBps = 0
+	}
+	if cfg.IOReadMBps < 0 {
+		cfg.IOReadMBps = 0
+	}
+	if cfg.IOWriteMBps < 0 {
+		cfg.IOWriteMBps = 0
+	}
+	if cfg.IOReadMBps == 0 && cfg.IOWriteMBps == 0 && cfg.IOSpeedMBps > 0 {
+		cfg.IOReadMBps = cfg.IOSpeedMBps
+		cfg.IOWriteMBps = cfg.IOSpeedMBps
+	}
+	cfg.IOSpeedMBps = LegacySymmetricLimit(cfg.IOReadMBps, cfg.IOWriteMBps)
+}
+
 func encodeStringSlice(values []string) string {
 	if len(values) == 0 {
 		return ""
@@ -148,6 +189,8 @@ func ensureSchema() error {
 			ram_mb INTEGER,
 			disk_gb INTEGER,
 			network_bw_mbps INTEGER,
+			network_down_mbps INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+			network_up_mbps INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
 			monthly_traffic_gb INTEGER,
 			traffic_mode TEXT,
 			traffic_in_gb INTEGER,
@@ -156,6 +199,8 @@ func ensureSchema() error {
 			traffic_used_tx INTEGER,
 			traffic_reset_date TEXT,
 			io_speed_mbps INTEGER,
+			io_read_mbps INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+			io_write_mbps INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
 			status TEXT,
 			ip TEXT,
 			ipv6 TEXT,
@@ -282,11 +327,15 @@ func ensureSchema() error {
 			cfg_ram_mb INTEGER,
 			cfg_disk_gb INTEGER,
 			cfg_network_bw_mbps INTEGER,
+			cfg_network_down_mbps INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+			cfg_network_up_mbps INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
 			cfg_monthly_traffic_gb INTEGER,
 			cfg_traffic_mode TEXT,
 			cfg_traffic_in_gb INTEGER,
 			cfg_traffic_out_gb INTEGER,
 			cfg_io_speed_mbps INTEGER,
+			cfg_io_read_mbps INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+			cfg_io_write_mbps INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
 			cfg_port_mapping_count INTEGER,
 			cfg_assign_nat INTEGER,
 			cfg_snapshot_limit INTEGER,
@@ -340,6 +389,7 @@ func ensureSchema() error {
 }
 
 func ensureSchemaMigrations() error {
+	added := map[string]bool{}
 	for _, column := range []struct {
 		table string
 		name  string
@@ -352,6 +402,10 @@ func ensureSchemaMigrations() error {
 		{"api_keys", "last_used_ip", "TEXT"},
 		{"tasks", "ip", "TEXT"},
 		{"tasks", "user_agent", "TEXT"},
+		{"tasks", "cfg_network_down_mbps", "INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"},
+		{"tasks", "cfg_network_up_mbps", "INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"},
+		{"tasks", "cfg_io_read_mbps", "INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"},
+		{"tasks", "cfg_io_write_mbps", "INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"},
 		{"tasks", "cfg_assign_ipv4", "INTEGER"},
 		{"tasks", "cfg_ipv4_count", "INTEGER"},
 		{"tasks", "cfg_public_ipv4s", "TEXT"},
@@ -364,21 +418,61 @@ func ensureSchemaMigrations() error {
 		{"port_mappings", "host_ip", "TEXT"},
 		{"container_public_ipv4s", "prefix_len", "INTEGER"},
 		{"container_public_ipv4s", "gateway", "TEXT"},
+		{"containers", "network_down_mbps", "INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"},
+		{"containers", "network_up_mbps", "INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"},
+		{"containers", "io_read_mbps", "INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"},
+		{"containers", "io_write_mbps", "INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"},
 		{"containers", "firewall_enabled", "INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"},
 		{"containers", "firewall_default_action", "TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'DROP'"},
 		{"containers", "firewall_rules", "TEXT"},
 	} {
-		if err := ensureColumn(column.table, column.name, column.def); err != nil {
+		wasAdded, err := ensureColumn(column.table, column.name, column.def)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if wasAdded {
+			added[column.table+"."+column.name] = true
+		}
+	}
+	if added["containers.network_down_mbps"] || added["containers.network_up_mbps"] {
+		if _, err := db.Exec(`UPDATE containers
+			SET network_down_mbps = COALESCE(NULLIF(network_down_mbps, 0), COALESCE(network_bw_mbps, 0)),
+			    network_up_mbps = COALESCE(NULLIF(network_up_mbps, 0), COALESCE(network_bw_mbps, 0))
+			WHERE COALESCE(network_bw_mbps, 0) > 0`); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if added["containers.io_read_mbps"] || added["containers.io_write_mbps"] {
+		if _, err := db.Exec(`UPDATE containers
+			SET io_read_mbps = COALESCE(NULLIF(io_read_mbps, 0), COALESCE(io_speed_mbps, 0)),
+			    io_write_mbps = COALESCE(NULLIF(io_write_mbps, 0), COALESCE(io_speed_mbps, 0))
+			WHERE COALESCE(io_speed_mbps, 0) > 0`); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if added["tasks.cfg_network_down_mbps"] || added["tasks.cfg_network_up_mbps"] {
+		if _, err := db.Exec(`UPDATE tasks
+			SET cfg_network_down_mbps = COALESCE(NULLIF(cfg_network_down_mbps, 0), COALESCE(cfg_network_bw_mbps, 0)),
+			    cfg_network_up_mbps = COALESCE(NULLIF(cfg_network_up_mbps, 0), COALESCE(cfg_network_bw_mbps, 0))
+			WHERE COALESCE(cfg_network_bw_mbps, 0) > 0`); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if added["tasks.cfg_io_read_mbps"] || added["tasks.cfg_io_write_mbps"] {
+		if _, err := db.Exec(`UPDATE tasks
+			SET cfg_io_read_mbps = COALESCE(NULLIF(cfg_io_read_mbps, 0), COALESCE(cfg_io_speed_mbps, 0)),
+			    cfg_io_write_mbps = COALESCE(NULLIF(cfg_io_write_mbps, 0), COALESCE(cfg_io_speed_mbps, 0))
+			WHERE COALESCE(cfg_io_speed_mbps, 0) > 0`); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func ensureColumn(table, name, def string) error {
+func ensureColumn(table, name, def string) (bool, error) {
 	rows, err := db.Query("PRAGMA table_info(" + table + ")")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return false, err
 	}
 	defer rows.Close()
 	for rows.Next() {
@@ -387,17 +481,17 @@ func ensureColumn(table, name, def string) error {
 		var notNull, pk int
 		var defaultValue interface{}
 		if err := rows.Scan(&cid, &columnName, &columnType, &notNull, &defaultValue, &pk); err != nil {
-			return err
+			return false, err
 		}
 		if columnName == name {
-			return nil
+			return false, nil
 		}
 	}
 	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
-		return err
+		return false, err
 	}
 	_, err = db.Exec("ALTER TABLE " + table + " ADD COLUMN " + name + " " + def)
-	return err
+	return err == nil, err
 }
 
 func loadConfigFromDB() (*ClicdConfig, bool, error) {
@@ -578,20 +672,25 @@ func saveMeta(tx *sql.Tx) error {
 
 func saveContainers(tx *sql.Tx) error {
 	for _, c := range AppConfig.Containers {
+		NormalizeContainerResourceAliases(&c)
 		if _, err := tx.Exec(`INSERT INTO containers (
 			id, uuid, name, virtualization, lxc_name, kvm_name, disk_image, mac_address, template,
-			vcpu, ram_mb, disk_gb, network_bw_mbps, monthly_traffic_gb, traffic_mode, traffic_in_gb,
+			vcpu, ram_mb, disk_gb, network_bw_mbps, network_down_mbps, network_up_mbps,
-			traffic_out_gb, traffic_used_rx, traffic_used_tx, traffic_reset_date, io_speed_mbps,
+			monthly_traffic_gb, traffic_mode, traffic_in_gb,
+			traffic_out_gb, traffic_used_rx, traffic_used_tx, traffic_reset_date,
+			io_speed_mbps, io_read_mbps, io_write_mbps,
 			status, ip, ipv6, ipv6_prefix_len, ipv6_interface, vnc_port, ssh_port, ssh_password,
 			ssh_host_key, port_mapping_limit, snapshot_limit, created_at, expires_at,
 			snapshot_schedule_enabled, snapshot_schedule_interval_hours, snapshot_schedule_time,
 			snapshot_schedule_last_run, snapshot_schedule_next_run, snapshot_schedule_created_by,
 			policy_blocked, policy_blocked_reason, policy_blocked_at,
 			firewall_enabled, firewall_default_action, firewall_rules
-		) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
+		) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
 			c.ID, c.UUID, c.Name, c.Virtualization, c.LXCName, c.KVMName, c.DiskImage, c.MACAddress, c.Template,
-			c.VCPU, c.RAMMB, c.DiskGB, c.NetworkBWMbps, c.MonthlyTrafficGB, c.TrafficMode, c.TrafficInGB,
+			c.VCPU, c.RAMMB, c.DiskGB, c.NetworkBWMbps, c.NetworkDownMbps, c.NetworkUpMbps,
-			c.TrafficOutGB, c.TrafficUsedRX, c.TrafficUsedTX, c.TrafficResetDate, c.IOSpeedMBps,
+			c.MonthlyTrafficGB, c.TrafficMode, c.TrafficInGB,
+			c.TrafficOutGB, c.TrafficUsedRX, c.TrafficUsedTX, c.TrafficResetDate,
+			c.IOSpeedMBps, c.IOReadMBps, c.IOWriteMBps,
 			c.Status, c.IP, c.IPv6, c.IPv6PrefixLen, c.IPv6Interface, c.VNCPort, c.SSHPort, c.SSHPassword,
 			c.SSHHostKey, c.PortMappingLimit, c.SnapshotLimit, c.CreatedAt, c.ExpiresAt,
 			boolInt(c.SnapshotScheduleEnabled), c.SnapshotScheduleIntervalHours, c.SnapshotScheduleTime,
@@ -732,15 +831,19 @@ func saveTasksDB(tx *sql.Tx) error {
 		if _, err := tx.Exec(`INSERT INTO tasks(
 			id, type, container_id, container_name, status, error, created_at, template_id, user, ip, user_agent,
 			cfg_name, cfg_virtualization, cfg_template_id, cfg_vcpu, cfg_cpu_percent, cfg_ram_mb, cfg_disk_gb,
-			cfg_network_bw_mbps, cfg_monthly_traffic_gb, cfg_traffic_mode, cfg_traffic_in_gb,
+			cfg_network_bw_mbps, cfg_network_down_mbps, cfg_network_up_mbps,
-			cfg_traffic_out_gb, cfg_io_speed_mbps, cfg_port_mapping_count, cfg_assign_nat, cfg_snapshot_limit,
+			cfg_monthly_traffic_gb, cfg_traffic_mode, cfg_traffic_in_gb,
+			cfg_traffic_out_gb, cfg_io_speed_mbps, cfg_io_read_mbps, cfg_io_write_mbps,
+			cfg_port_mapping_count, cfg_assign_nat, cfg_snapshot_limit,
 			cfg_assign_ipv4, cfg_ipv4_count, cfg_public_ipv4s, cfg_assign_ipv6, cfg_ipv6_count, cfg_ipv6_addresses,
 			cfg_ssh_auth_mode, cfg_ssh_password, cfg_ssh_public_key, cfg_expires_at
-		) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
+		) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
 			task.ID, task.Type, task.ContainerID, task.ContainerName, task.Status, task.Error, task.CreatedAt, task.TemplateID, task.User, task.IP, task.UserAgent,
 			cfg.Name, cfg.Virtualization, cfg.TemplateID, cfg.VCPU, cfg.CPUPercent, cfg.RAMMB, cfg.DiskGB,
-			cfg.NetworkBWMbps, cfg.MonthlyTrafficGB, cfg.TrafficMode, cfg.TrafficInGB,
+			cfg.NetworkBWMbps, cfg.NetworkDownMbps, cfg.NetworkUpMbps,
-			cfg.TrafficOutGB, cfg.IOSpeedMBps, cfg.PortMappingCount, boolPtrInt(cfg.AssignNAT), cfg.SnapshotLimit,
+			cfg.MonthlyTrafficGB, cfg.TrafficMode, cfg.TrafficInGB,
+			cfg.TrafficOutGB, cfg.IOSpeedMBps, cfg.IOReadMBps, cfg.IOWriteMBps,
+			cfg.PortMappingCount, boolPtrInt(cfg.AssignNAT), cfg.SnapshotLimit,
 			boolInt(cfg.AssignIPv4), cfg.IPv4Count, encodeStringSlice(cfg.PublicIPv4s),
 			boolInt(cfg.AssignIPv6), cfg.IPv6Count, encodeStringSlice(cfg.IPv6Addresses),
 			cfg.SSHAuthMode, cfg.SSHPassword, cfg.SSHPublicKey, cfg.ExpiresAt,
@@ -788,8 +891,10 @@ func saveSnapshots(tx *sql.Tx) error {
 func loadContainers() ([]Container, error) {
 	rows, err := db.Query(`SELECT
 		id, uuid, name, virtualization, lxc_name, kvm_name, disk_image, mac_address, template,
-		vcpu, ram_mb, disk_gb, network_bw_mbps, monthly_traffic_gb, traffic_mode, traffic_in_gb,
+		vcpu, ram_mb, disk_gb, network_bw_mbps, network_down_mbps, network_up_mbps,
-		traffic_out_gb, traffic_used_rx, traffic_used_tx, traffic_reset_date, io_speed_mbps,
+		monthly_traffic_gb, traffic_mode, traffic_in_gb,
+		traffic_out_gb, traffic_used_rx, traffic_used_tx, traffic_reset_date,
+		io_speed_mbps, io_read_mbps, io_write_mbps,
 		status, ip, ipv6, ipv6_prefix_len, ipv6_interface, vnc_port, ssh_port, ssh_password,
 		ssh_host_key, port_mapping_limit, snapshot_limit, created_at, expires_at,
 		snapshot_schedule_enabled, snapshot_schedule_interval_hours, snapshot_schedule_time,
@@ -810,8 +915,10 @@ func loadContainers() ([]Container, error) {
 		var firewallRulesJSON sql.NullString
 		if err := rows.Scan(
 			&c.ID, &c.UUID, &c.Name, &c.Virtualization, &c.LXCName, &c.KVMName, &c.DiskImage, &c.MACAddress, &c.Template,
-			&c.VCPU, &c.RAMMB, &c.DiskGB, &c.NetworkBWMbps, &c.MonthlyTrafficGB, &c.TrafficMode, &c.TrafficInGB,
+			&c.VCPU, &c.RAMMB, &c.DiskGB, &c.NetworkBWMbps, &c.NetworkDownMbps, &c.NetworkUpMbps,
-			&c.TrafficOutGB, &c.TrafficUsedRX, &c.TrafficUsedTX, &c.TrafficResetDate, &c.IOSpeedMBps,
+			&c.MonthlyTrafficGB, &c.TrafficMode, &c.TrafficInGB,
+			&c.TrafficOutGB, &c.TrafficUsedRX, &c.TrafficUsedTX, &c.TrafficResetDate,
+			&c.IOSpeedMBps, &c.IOReadMBps, &c.IOWriteMBps,
 			&c.Status, &c.IP, &c.IPv6, &c.IPv6PrefixLen, &c.IPv6Interface, &c.VNCPort, &c.SSHPort, &c.SSHPassword,
 			&c.SSHHostKey, &c.PortMappingLimit, &c.SnapshotLimit, &c.CreatedAt, &c.ExpiresAt,
 			&scheduleEnabled, &c.SnapshotScheduleIntervalHours, &c.SnapshotScheduleTime,
@@ -828,6 +935,7 @@ func loadContainers() ([]Container, error) {
 		if firewallRulesJSON.Valid && strings.TrimSpace(firewallRulesJSON.String) != "" {
 			_ = json.Unmarshal([]byte(firewallRulesJSON.String), &c.FirewallRules)
 		}
+		NormalizeContainerResourceAliases(&c)
 		result = append(result, c)
 	}
 	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
@@ -1021,8 +1129,10 @@ func loadTasks() ([]SavedTask, error) {
 	rows, err := db.Query(`SELECT
 		id, type, container_id, container_name, status, error, created_at, template_id, user, ip, user_agent,
 		cfg_name, cfg_virtualization, cfg_template_id, cfg_vcpu, cfg_cpu_percent, cfg_ram_mb, cfg_disk_gb,
-		cfg_network_bw_mbps, cfg_monthly_traffic_gb, cfg_traffic_mode, cfg_traffic_in_gb,
+		cfg_network_bw_mbps, cfg_network_down_mbps, cfg_network_up_mbps,
-		cfg_traffic_out_gb, cfg_io_speed_mbps, cfg_port_mapping_count, cfg_assign_nat, cfg_snapshot_limit,
+		cfg_monthly_traffic_gb, cfg_traffic_mode, cfg_traffic_in_gb,
+		cfg_traffic_out_gb, cfg_io_speed_mbps, cfg_io_read_mbps, cfg_io_write_mbps,
+		cfg_port_mapping_count, cfg_assign_nat, cfg_snapshot_limit,
 		cfg_assign_ipv4, cfg_ipv4_count, cfg_public_ipv4s, cfg_assign_ipv6, cfg_ipv6_count, cfg_ipv6_addresses,
 		cfg_ssh_auth_mode, cfg_ssh_password, cfg_ssh_public_key, cfg_expires_at
 		FROM tasks ORDER BY created_at, id`)
@@ -1042,8 +1152,10 @@ func loadTasks() ([]SavedTask, error) {
 		if err := rows.Scan(
 			&t.ID, &t.Type, &t.ContainerID, &t.ContainerName, &t.Status, &t.Error, &t.CreatedAt, &t.TemplateID, &t.User, &ip, &userAgent,
 			&cfg.Name, &cfg.Virtualization, &cfg.TemplateID, &cfg.VCPU, &cfg.CPUPercent, &cfg.RAMMB, &cfg.DiskGB,
-			&cfg.NetworkBWMbps, &cfg.MonthlyTrafficGB, &cfg.TrafficMode, &cfg.TrafficInGB,
+			&cfg.NetworkBWMbps, &cfg.NetworkDownMbps, &cfg.NetworkUpMbps,
-			&cfg.TrafficOutGB, &cfg.IOSpeedMBps, &cfg.PortMappingCount, &assignNAT, &cfg.SnapshotLimit,
+			&cfg.MonthlyTrafficGB, &cfg.TrafficMode, &cfg.TrafficInGB,
+			&cfg.TrafficOutGB, &cfg.IOSpeedMBps, &cfg.IOReadMBps, &cfg.IOWriteMBps,
+			&cfg.PortMappingCount, &assignNAT, &cfg.SnapshotLimit,
 			&assignIPv4, &ipv4Count, &publicIPv4s, &assignIPv6, &ipv6Count, &ipv6Addresses,
 			&sshAuthMode, &sshPassword, &sshPublicKey, &cfg.ExpiresAt,
 		); err != nil {
@@ -1068,6 +1180,7 @@ func loadTasks() ([]SavedTask, error) {
 		cfg.SSHAuthMode = sshAuthMode.String
 		cfg.SSHPassword = sshPassword.String
 		cfg.SSHPublicKey = sshPublicKey.String
+		normalizeSavedTaskConfigLimits(&cfg)
 		result = append(result, t)
 		configs = append(configs, cfg)
 	}

backend/internal/kvm/kvm.go

@@ -346,6 +346,7 @@ func normalizeQCOW2(ctx context.Context, src, target string) error {
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) CreateContainer(cfg lxc.ContainerConfig) error {
+	cfg.NormalizeResourceAliases()
 	image := FindImage(cfg.TemplateID)
 	if image == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("KVM image not found: %s", cfg.TemplateID)
@@ -456,7 +457,7 @@ func (m *Manager) defineContainer(id int, vmName string, cfg lxc.ContainerConfig
 		if err := createWindowsUnattendISO(unattendPath, cfg.Name, winAdminPassword, ipv6List, ipv4List); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		xml = windowsDomainXML(vmName, int(cfg.VCPU), cfg.RAMMB, diskPath, ImagePath(image.ID), unattendPath, mac, cfg.IOSpeedMBps, cfg.NetworkBWMbps)
+		xml = windowsDomainXML(vmName, int(cfg.VCPU), cfg.RAMMB, diskPath, ImagePath(image.ID), unattendPath, mac, cfg.IOReadMBps, cfg.IOWriteMBps, cfg.NetworkDownMbps, cfg.NetworkUpMbps)
 	} else {
 		if image.Desktop != "" {
 			if cfg.RAMMB < 2048 {
@@ -472,7 +473,7 @@ func (m *Manager) defineContainer(id int, vmName string, cfg lxc.ContainerConfig
 		if err := createSeedISO(seedPath, vmName, cfg.Name, sshPassword, sshPublicKey, mac, ipv6List, ipv4List, *image, sshAuthMode); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		xml = domainXML(vmName, int(cfg.VCPU), cfg.RAMMB, diskPath, seedPath, mac, cfg.IOSpeedMBps, cfg.NetworkBWMbps, image.Desktop != "")
+		xml = domainXML(vmName, int(cfg.VCPU), cfg.RAMMB, diskPath, seedPath, mac, cfg.IOReadMBps, cfg.IOWriteMBps, cfg.NetworkDownMbps, cfg.NetworkUpMbps, image.Desktop != "")
 	}
 	xmlPath := filepath.Join(m.instanceDir(vmName), "domain.xml")
 	if err := os.WriteFile(xmlPath, []byte(xml), 0644); err != nil {
@@ -542,12 +543,16 @@ func (m *Manager) defineContainer(id int, vmName string, cfg lxc.ContainerConfig
 		RAMMB:            cfg.RAMMB,
 		DiskGB:           cfg.DiskGB,
 		NetworkBWMbps:    cfg.NetworkBWMbps,
+		NetworkDownMbps:  cfg.NetworkDownMbps,
+		NetworkUpMbps:    cfg.NetworkUpMbps,
 		MonthlyTrafficGB: cfg.MonthlyTrafficGB,
 		TrafficMode:      trafficMode,
 		TrafficInGB:      cfg.TrafficInGB,
 		TrafficOutGB:     cfg.TrafficOutGB,
 		TrafficResetDate: now[:7],
 		IOSpeedMBps:      cfg.IOSpeedMBps,
+		IOReadMBps:       cfg.IOReadMBps,
+		IOWriteMBps:      cfg.IOWriteMBps,
 		PublicIPv4s:      publicIPv4s,
 		IPv6Addresses:    ipv6Assignments,
 		Status:           "stopped",
@@ -781,11 +786,15 @@ func (m *Manager) ReinstallContainer(id int, templateID string, authConfig ...lx
 		RAMMB:            c.RAMMB,
 		DiskGB:           c.DiskGB,
 		NetworkBWMbps:    c.NetworkBWMbps,
+		NetworkDownMbps:  c.NetworkDownMbps,
+		NetworkUpMbps:    c.NetworkUpMbps,
 		MonthlyTrafficGB: c.MonthlyTrafficGB,
 		TrafficMode:      c.TrafficMode,
 		TrafficInGB:      c.TrafficInGB,
 		TrafficOutGB:     c.TrafficOutGB,
 		IOSpeedMBps:      c.IOSpeedMBps,
+		IOReadMBps:       c.IOReadMBps,
+		IOWriteMBps:      c.IOWriteMBps,
 		PortMappingCount: c.PortMappingLimit,
 		SnapshotLimit:    c.SnapshotLimit,
 		ExpiresAt:        c.ExpiresAt,
@@ -882,6 +891,7 @@ func (m *Manager) ApplyContainerLimits(c *config.Container) error {
 	if c == nil || !c.IsKVM() {
 		return nil
 	}
+	config.NormalizeContainerResourceAliases(c)
 	if c.Status == "running" {
 		// Config already saved; domain definition will be refreshed on next start
 		return nil
@@ -893,10 +903,10 @@ func (m *Manager) ApplyContainerLimits(c *config.Container) error {
 	if IsWindowsImage(c.Template) {
 		winISO := ImagePath(c.Template)
 		unattendISO := existingWindowsUnattendISO(m.instanceDir(c.VirshName()))
-		xml = windowsDomainXML(c.VirshName(), int(c.VCPU), c.RAMMB, c.DiskImage, winISO, unattendISO, c.MACAddress, c.IOSpeedMBps, c.NetworkBWMbps)
+		xml = windowsDomainXML(c.VirshName(), int(c.VCPU), c.RAMMB, c.DiskImage, winISO, unattendISO, c.MACAddress, c.IOReadMBps, c.IOWriteMBps, c.NetworkDownMbps, c.NetworkUpMbps)
 	} else {
 		seedPath := filepath.Join(m.instanceDir(c.VirshName()), "seed.iso")
-		xml = domainXML(c.VirshName(), int(c.VCPU), c.RAMMB, c.DiskImage, seedPath, c.MACAddress, c.IOSpeedMBps, c.NetworkBWMbps, isKVMDesktopTemplate(c.Template))
+		xml = domainXML(c.VirshName(), int(c.VCPU), c.RAMMB, c.DiskImage, seedPath, c.MACAddress, c.IOReadMBps, c.IOWriteMBps, c.NetworkDownMbps, c.NetworkUpMbps, isKVMDesktopTemplate(c.Template))
 	}
 	xmlPath := filepath.Join(m.instanceDir(c.VirshName()), "domain.xml")
 	if err := os.WriteFile(xmlPath, []byte(xml), 0644); err != nil {
@@ -913,15 +923,16 @@ func (m *Manager) ensureDomainDefinition(c *config.Container) error {
 	if c == nil || !c.IsKVM() || c.DiskImage == "" || c.MACAddress == "" {
 		return nil
 	}
+	config.NormalizeContainerResourceAliases(c)
 	var xml string
 	xmlPath := filepath.Join(m.instanceDir(c.VirshName()), "domain.xml")
 	if IsWindowsImage(c.Template) {
 		winISO := ImagePath(c.Template)
 		unattendISO := existingWindowsUnattendISO(m.instanceDir(c.VirshName()))
-		xml = windowsDomainXML(c.VirshName(), int(c.VCPU), c.RAMMB, c.DiskImage, winISO, unattendISO, c.MACAddress, c.IOSpeedMBps, c.NetworkBWMbps)
+		xml = windowsDomainXML(c.VirshName(), int(c.VCPU), c.RAMMB, c.DiskImage, winISO, unattendISO, c.MACAddress, c.IOReadMBps, c.IOWriteMBps, c.NetworkDownMbps, c.NetworkUpMbps)
 	} else {
 		seedPath := filepath.Join(m.instanceDir(c.VirshName()), "seed.iso")
-		xml = domainXML(c.VirshName(), int(c.VCPU), c.RAMMB, c.DiskImage, seedPath, c.MACAddress, c.IOSpeedMBps, c.NetworkBWMbps, isKVMDesktopTemplate(c.Template))
+		xml = domainXML(c.VirshName(), int(c.VCPU), c.RAMMB, c.DiskImage, seedPath, c.MACAddress, c.IOReadMBps, c.IOWriteMBps, c.NetworkDownMbps, c.NetworkUpMbps, isKVMDesktopTemplate(c.Template))
 	}
 	if err := os.WriteFile(xmlPath, []byte(xml), 0644); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -2079,7 +2090,7 @@ func isKVMDesktopTemplate(templateID string) bool {
 	return image != nil && image.Desktop != ""
 }
 
-func domainXML(name string, vcpu int, ramMB int, diskPath, seedPath, mac string, ioSpeedMBps int, networkBWMbps int, desktop bool) string {
+func domainXML(name string, vcpu int, ramMB int, diskPath, seedPath, mac string, ioReadMBps int, ioWriteMBps int, networkDownMbps int, networkUpMbps int, desktop bool) string {
 	if vcpu < 1 {
 		vcpu = 1
 	}
@@ -2087,21 +2098,32 @@ func domainXML(name string, vcpu int, ramMB int, diskPath, seedPath, mac string,
 		ramMB = 512
 	}
 	iotune := ""
-	if ioSpeedMBps > 0 {
+	if ioReadMBps > 0 || ioWriteMBps > 0 {
-		bytesPerSecond := int64(ioSpeedMBps) * 1024 * 1024
+		var parts []string
+		if ioReadMBps > 0 {
+			parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("        <read_bytes_sec>%d</read_bytes_sec>", int64(ioReadMBps)*1024*1024))
+		}
+		if ioWriteMBps > 0 {
+			parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("        <write_bytes_sec>%d</write_bytes_sec>", int64(ioWriteMBps)*1024*1024))
+		}
 		iotune = fmt.Sprintf(`
       <iotune>
-        <total_bytes_sec>%d</total_bytes_sec>
+%s
-      </iotune>`, bytesPerSecond)
+      </iotune>`, strings.Join(parts, "\n"))
 	}
 	bandwidth := ""
-	if networkBWMbps > 0 {
+	if networkDownMbps > 0 || networkUpMbps > 0 {
-		averageKiB := networkBWMbps * 128
+		var parts []string
+		if networkDownMbps > 0 {
+			parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("        <inbound average='%d'/>", networkDownMbps*128))
+		}
+		if networkUpMbps > 0 {
+			parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("        <outbound average='%d'/>", networkUpMbps*128))
+		}
 		bandwidth = fmt.Sprintf(`
       <bandwidth>
-        <inbound average='%d'/>
+%s
-        <outbound average='%d'/>
+      </bandwidth>`, strings.Join(parts, "\n"))
-      </bandwidth>`, averageKiB, averageKiB)
 	}
 	video := "<video><model type='virtio'/></video>"
 	input := ""
@@ -2158,7 +2180,7 @@ func domainXML(name string, vcpu int, ramMB int, diskPath, seedPath, mac string,
 </domain>`, xmlEscape(name), domainUUIDXML(name), ramMB, ramMB, vcpu, vcpu, xmlEscape(diskPath), iotune, xmlEscape(seedPath), xmlEscape(mac), bandwidth, input, video)
 }
 
-func windowsDomainXML(name string, vcpu int, ramMB int, diskPath, winISOPath, unattendISOPath, mac string, ioSpeedMBps int, networkBWMbps int) string {
+func windowsDomainXML(name string, vcpu int, ramMB int, diskPath, winISOPath, unattendISOPath, mac string, ioReadMBps int, ioWriteMBps int, networkDownMbps int, networkUpMbps int) string {
 	if vcpu < 1 {
 		vcpu = 1
 	}
@@ -2166,21 +2188,32 @@ func windowsDomainXML(name string, vcpu int, ramMB int, diskPath, winISOPath, un
 		ramMB = 2048
 	}
 	iotune := ""
-	if ioSpeedMBps > 0 {
+	if ioReadMBps > 0 || ioWriteMBps > 0 {
-		bytesPerSecond := int64(ioSpeedMBps) * 1024 * 1024
+		var parts []string
+		if ioReadMBps > 0 {
+			parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("        <read_bytes_sec>%d</read_bytes_sec>", int64(ioReadMBps)*1024*1024))
+		}
+		if ioWriteMBps > 0 {
+			parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("        <write_bytes_sec>%d</write_bytes_sec>", int64(ioWriteMBps)*1024*1024))
+		}
 		iotune = fmt.Sprintf(`
       <iotune>
-        <total_bytes_sec>%d</total_bytes_sec>
+%s
-      </iotune>`, bytesPerSecond)
+      </iotune>`, strings.Join(parts, "\n"))
 	}
 	bandwidth := ""
-	if networkBWMbps > 0 {
+	if networkDownMbps > 0 || networkUpMbps > 0 {
-		averageKiB := networkBWMbps * 128
+		var parts []string
+		if networkDownMbps > 0 {
+			parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("        <inbound average='%d'/>", networkDownMbps*128))
+		}
+		if networkUpMbps > 0 {
+			parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("        <outbound average='%d'/>", networkUpMbps*128))
+		}
 		bandwidth = fmt.Sprintf(`
       <bandwidth>
-        <inbound average='%d'/>
+%s
-        <outbound average='%d'/>
+      </bandwidth>`, strings.Join(parts, "\n"))
-      </bandwidth>`, averageKiB, averageKiB)
 	}
 	virtioWinISO := virtioWinISOPath()
 	unattendDisk := ""

backend/internal/lxc/lxc.go

@@ -226,11 +226,15 @@ type ContainerConfig struct {
 	RAMMB            int      `json:"ram_mb"`
 	DiskGB           int      `json:"disk_gb"`
 	NetworkBWMbps    int      `json:"network_bw_mbps"`
+	NetworkDownMbps  int      `json:"network_down_mbps"`
+	NetworkUpMbps    int      `json:"network_up_mbps"`
 	MonthlyTrafficGB int      `json:"monthly_traffic_gb"`
 	TrafficMode      string   `json:"traffic_mode"`   // "total" or "in_out"
 	TrafficInGB      int      `json:"traffic_in_gb"`  // 0=unlimited
 	TrafficOutGB     int      `json:"traffic_out_gb"` // 0=unlimited
 	IOSpeedMBps      int      `json:"io_speed_mbps"`
+	IOReadMBps       int      `json:"io_read_mbps"`
+	IOWriteMBps      int      `json:"io_write_mbps"`
 	ExtraPorts       []int    `json:"extra_ports"`
 	PortMappingCount int      `json:"port_mapping_count"`
 	AssignNAT        *bool    `json:"assign_nat,omitempty"`
@@ -247,12 +251,48 @@ type ContainerConfig struct {
 	ExpiresAt        string   `json:"expires_at"`
 }
 
+func (cfg *ContainerConfig) NormalizeResourceAliases() {
+	if cfg == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if cfg.NetworkBWMbps < 0 {
+		cfg.NetworkBWMbps = 0
+	}
+	if cfg.NetworkDownMbps < 0 {
+		cfg.NetworkDownMbps = 0
+	}
+	if cfg.NetworkUpMbps < 0 {
+		cfg.NetworkUpMbps = 0
+	}
+	if cfg.NetworkDownMbps == 0 && cfg.NetworkUpMbps == 0 && cfg.NetworkBWMbps > 0 {
+		cfg.NetworkDownMbps = cfg.NetworkBWMbps
+		cfg.NetworkUpMbps = cfg.NetworkBWMbps
+	}
+	cfg.NetworkBWMbps = config.LegacySymmetricLimit(cfg.NetworkDownMbps, cfg.NetworkUpMbps)
+
+	if cfg.IOSpeedMBps < 0 {
+		cfg.IOSpeedMBps = 0
+	}
+	if cfg.IOReadMBps < 0 {
+		cfg.IOReadMBps = 0
+	}
+	if cfg.IOWriteMBps < 0 {
+		cfg.IOWriteMBps = 0
+	}
+	if cfg.IOReadMBps == 0 && cfg.IOWriteMBps == 0 && cfg.IOSpeedMBps > 0 {
+		cfg.IOReadMBps = cfg.IOSpeedMBps
+		cfg.IOWriteMBps = cfg.IOSpeedMBps
+	}
+	cfg.IOSpeedMBps = config.LegacySymmetricLimit(cfg.IOReadMBps, cfg.IOWriteMBps)
+}
+
 func (cfg ContainerConfig) WantsNAT() bool {
 	return cfg.AssignNAT == nil || *cfg.AssignNAT
 }
 
 // CreateContainer creates a new LXC container. Uses ct-{id} as LXC name internally.
 func (m *Manager) CreateContainer(cfg ContainerConfig) error {
+	cfg.NormalizeResourceAliases()
 	tmpl := FindTemplate(cfg.TemplateID)
 	if tmpl == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("template not found: %s", cfg.TemplateID)
@@ -389,12 +429,16 @@ func (m *Manager) CreateContainer(cfg ContainerConfig) error {
 		RAMMB:            cfg.RAMMB,
 		DiskGB:           cfg.DiskGB,
 		NetworkBWMbps:    cfg.NetworkBWMbps,
+		NetworkDownMbps:  cfg.NetworkDownMbps,
+		NetworkUpMbps:    cfg.NetworkUpMbps,
 		MonthlyTrafficGB: cfg.MonthlyTrafficGB,
 		TrafficMode:      trafficMode,
 		TrafficInGB:      cfg.TrafficInGB,
 		TrafficOutGB:     cfg.TrafficOutGB,
 		TrafficResetDate: trafficResetDate,
 		IOSpeedMBps:      cfg.IOSpeedMBps,
+		IOReadMBps:       cfg.IOReadMBps,
+		IOWriteMBps:      cfg.IOWriteMBps,
 		Status:           "stopped",
 		IP:               "",
 		PublicIPv4s:      publicIPv4s,
@@ -531,6 +575,7 @@ func (m *Manager) preconfigureSSH(rootfsPath, templateID string, sshAuthMode str
 
 // applyResourceLimits applies cgroup v2 limits and mandatory security hardening to container config.
 func (m *Manager) applyResourceLimits(lxcName string, cfg ContainerConfig) error {
+	cfg.NormalizeResourceAliases()
 	configFile := filepath.Join(m.LxcPath, lxcName, "config")
 
 	data, err := os.ReadFile(configFile)
@@ -599,12 +644,12 @@ func (m *Manager) applyResourceLimits(lxcName string, cfg ContainerConfig) error
 		ramBytes := int64(cfg.RAMMB) * 1024 * 1024
 		newLines = append(newLines, fmt.Sprintf("lxc.cgroup2.memory.max = %d", ramBytes))
 	}
-	if cfg.IOSpeedMBps > 0 {
+	if cfg.IOReadMBps > 0 || cfg.IOWriteMBps > 0 {
 		// Note: lxc.cgroup2.io.max is skipped for unprivileged containers because
 		// LXC's cgfsng_setup_limits cannot resolve host device numbers (e.g. 8:1)
 		// in the unprivileged namespace context.
 		// IO limits are instead applied post-start via direct cgroup2 writes.
-		fmt.Printf("Info: IO limit (%d MB/s) for %s will be applied post-start via cgroup2\n", cfg.IOSpeedMBps, lxcName)
+		fmt.Printf("Info: IO limit (read=%d MB/s write=%d MB/s) for %s will be applied post-start via cgroup2\n", cfg.IOReadMBps, cfg.IOWriteMBps, lxcName)
 	}
 
 	newContent := strings.Join(newLines, "\n")
@@ -614,18 +659,28 @@ func (m *Manager) applyResourceLimits(lxcName string, cfg ContainerConfig) error
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) ioLimitLines(lxcName string, mbps int) ([]string, error) {
+func (m *Manager) ioLimitLines(lxcName string, readMBps int, writeMBps int) ([]string, error) {
-	if mbps <= 0 {
+	if readMBps < 0 {
-		return nil, nil
+		readMBps = 0
+	}
+	if writeMBps < 0 {
+		writeMBps = 0
 	}
 	devices, err := m.rootfsBlockDevices(lxcName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	ioBytes := mbps * 1024 * 1024
+	readValue := "max"
+	if readMBps > 0 {
+		readValue = strconv.Itoa(readMBps * 1024 * 1024)
+	}
+	writeValue := "max"
+	if writeMBps > 0 {
+		writeValue = strconv.Itoa(writeMBps * 1024 * 1024)
+	}
 	lines := make([]string, 0, len(devices))
 	for _, device := range devices {
-		lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("%s rbps=%d wbps=%d", device, ioBytes, ioBytes))
+		lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("%s rbps=%s wbps=%s", device, readValue, writeValue))
 	}
 	return lines, nil
 }
@@ -1253,8 +1308,12 @@ func (m *Manager) StartContainer(id int) error {
 			RAMMB:            c.RAMMB,
 			DiskGB:           c.DiskGB,
 			NetworkBWMbps:    c.NetworkBWMbps,
+			NetworkDownMbps:  c.NetworkDownMbps,
+			NetworkUpMbps:    c.NetworkUpMbps,
 			MonthlyTrafficGB: c.MonthlyTrafficGB,
 			IOSpeedMBps:      c.IOSpeedMBps,
+			IOReadMBps:       c.IOReadMBps,
+			IOWriteMBps:      c.IOWriteMBps,
 			AssignIPv6:       c.IPv6 != "" || len(c.IPv6Addresses) > 0,
 			ExpiresAt:        c.ExpiresAt,
 		}); err != nil {
@@ -1378,6 +1437,7 @@ func (m *Manager) ApplyContainerLimits(c *config.Container) error {
 	if c == nil || c.Status != "running" {
 		return nil
 	}
+	config.NormalizeContainerResourceAliases(c)
 	lxcName := c.LxcName()
 
 	// CPU: write cpu.max
@@ -1400,48 +1460,52 @@ func (m *Manager) ApplyContainerLimits(c *config.Container) error {
 		os.WriteFile(path, []byte(memLine), 0644)
 	}
 
-	// IO speed: write io.max
+	// IO speed: write io.max, including max values to clear old per-direction limits.
-	if c.IOSpeedMBps > 0 {
+	ioLines, err := m.ioLimitLines(lxcName, c.IOReadMBps, c.IOWriteMBps)
-		ioLines, err := m.ioLimitLines(lxcName, c.IOSpeedMBps)
+	if err != nil {
-		if err != nil {
+		return err
-			return err
+	}
-		}
+	ioLine := strings.Join(ioLines, "\n")
-		ioLine := strings.Join(ioLines, "\n")
+	for _, path := range []string{
-		for _, path := range []string{
+		fmt.Sprintf("/sys/fs/cgroup/lxc/%s/io.max", lxcName),
-			fmt.Sprintf("/sys/fs/cgroup/lxc/%s/io.max", lxcName),
+		fmt.Sprintf("/sys/fs/cgroup/lxc.payload.%s/io.max", lxcName),
-			fmt.Sprintf("/sys/fs/cgroup/lxc.payload.%s/io.max", lxcName),
+	} {
-		} {
+		os.WriteFile(path, []byte(ioLine), 0644)
-			os.WriteFile(path, []byte(ioLine), 0644)
-		}
 	}
 
 	// Network bandwidth
-	if c.NetworkBWMbps > 0 {
+	m.applyBandwidthLimit(lxcName, c.NetworkDownMbps, c.NetworkUpMbps)
-		m.applyBandwidthLimit(lxcName, c.NetworkBWMbps)
-	} else {
-		m.cleanupBandwidthLimit(lxcName)
-	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) applyBandwidthLimit(lxcName string, mbps int) {
+func (m *Manager) applyBandwidthLimit(lxcName string, downMbps int, upMbps int) {
 	veth := m.getContainerVethByNS(lxcName)
 	if veth == "" {
 		fmt.Printf("Warning: could not find veth for %s\n", lxcName)
 		return
 	}
-	rate := fmt.Sprintf("%dmbit", mbps)
-	burst := fmt.Sprintf("%dkbit", mbps*100)
 	exec.Command("tc", "qdisc", "del", "dev", veth, "root").Run()
-	exec.Command("tc", "qdisc", "add", "dev", veth, "root", "handle", "1:", "htb", "default", "10").Run()
+	exec.Command("tc", "qdisc", "del", "dev", veth, "ingress").Run()
-	exec.Command("tc", "class", "add", "dev", veth, "parent", "1:", "classid", "1:10", "htb", "rate", rate, "burst", burst).Run()
+	if downMbps > 0 {
-	fmt.Printf("Bandwidth limit: %s = %d Mbps on %s\n", lxcName, mbps, veth)
+		rate := fmt.Sprintf("%dmbit", downMbps)
+		burst := fmt.Sprintf("%dkbit", downMbps*100)
+		exec.Command("tc", "qdisc", "add", "dev", veth, "root", "handle", "1:", "htb", "default", "10").Run()
+		exec.Command("tc", "class", "add", "dev", veth, "parent", "1:", "classid", "1:10", "htb", "rate", rate, "burst", burst).Run()
+	}
+	if upMbps > 0 {
+		rate := fmt.Sprintf("%dmbit", upMbps)
+		burst := fmt.Sprintf("%dkbit", upMbps*100)
+		exec.Command("tc", "qdisc", "add", "dev", veth, "handle", "ffff:", "ingress").Run()
+		exec.Command("tc", "filter", "add", "dev", veth, "parent", "ffff:", "protocol", "all", "u32", "match", "u32", "0", "0", "police", "rate", rate, "burst", burst, "drop", "flowid", ":1").Run()
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Bandwidth limit: %s down=%d Mbps up=%d Mbps on %s\n", lxcName, downMbps, upMbps, veth)
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) cleanupBandwidthLimit(lxcName string) {
 	veth := m.getContainerVethByNS(lxcName)
 	if veth != "" {
 		exec.Command("tc", "qdisc", "del", "dev", veth, "root").Run()
+		exec.Command("tc", "qdisc", "del", "dev", veth, "ingress").Run()
 	}
 }
 
@@ -2447,6 +2511,8 @@ func (m *Manager) ImportExistingClicdContainers() ([]config.Container, error) {
 			RAMMB:            512,
 			DiskGB:           10,
 			NetworkBWMbps:    100,
+			NetworkDownMbps:  100,
+			NetworkUpMbps:    100,
 			MonthlyTrafficGB: 1000,
 			TrafficMode:      "total",
 			Status:           status,
@@ -2610,8 +2676,12 @@ func (m *Manager) ReinstallContainer(id int, templateID string, authConfig ...Co
 		RAMMB:            c.RAMMB,
 		DiskGB:           c.DiskGB,
 		NetworkBWMbps:    c.NetworkBWMbps,
+		NetworkDownMbps:  c.NetworkDownMbps,
+		NetworkUpMbps:    c.NetworkUpMbps,
 		MonthlyTrafficGB: c.MonthlyTrafficGB,
 		IOSpeedMBps:      c.IOSpeedMBps,
+		IOReadMBps:       c.IOReadMBps,
+		IOWriteMBps:      c.IOWriteMBps,
 		AssignIPv6:       c.IPv6 != "" || len(c.IPv6Addresses) > 0,
 		ExpiresAt:        c.ExpiresAt,
 	}
@@ -2694,9 +2764,8 @@ func (m *Manager) ReinstallContainer(id int, templateID string, authConfig ...Co
 		}
 	}
 	// Apply bandwidth limit after reinstall
-	if c.NetworkBWMbps > 0 {
+	config.NormalizeContainerResourceAliases(c)
-		m.applyBandwidthLimit(c.LxcName(), c.NetworkBWMbps)
+	m.applyBandwidthLimit(c.LxcName(), c.NetworkDownMbps, c.NetworkUpMbps)
-	}
 	if c.IPv6 != "" || len(c.IPv6Addresses) > 0 {
 		if err := m.ApplyIPv6(id); err != nil {
 			fmt.Printf("Warning: failed to apply IPv6 after reinstall: %v\n", err)

backend/internal/server/web/.gitkeep

@@ -1 +1 @@
- 
+ 

backend/internal/version/version.go

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package version
 
 var (
-	Version = "1.1.18"
+	Version = "1.1.19"
 	Repo    = "MengMengCode/CLICD"
 )
 

frontend/package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "clicd-frontend",
   "private": true,
-  "version": "1.1.18",
+  "version": "1.1.19",
   "type": "module",
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "vite",

frontend/src/components/ContainerCard.tsx

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ export default function ContainerCard({ container, onRefresh }: ContainerCardPro
         </div>
         <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-600">
           <Globe className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
-          <span>{container.network_bw_mbps} Mbps</span>
+          <span>{formatNetworkLimit(container)}</span>
         </div>
       </div>
 
@@ -140,3 +140,10 @@ export default function ContainerCard({ container, onRefresh }: ContainerCardPro
     </div>
   )
 }
+
+function formatNetworkLimit(container: { network_bw_mbps?: number; network_down_mbps?: number; network_up_mbps?: number }) {
+  const down = Math.max(0, Number(container.network_down_mbps || container.network_bw_mbps || 0))
+  const up = Math.max(0, Number(container.network_up_mbps || container.network_bw_mbps || 0))
+  if (down === 0 && up === 0) return '不限速'
+  return `下 ${down || '不限'} / 上 ${up || '不限'} Mbps`
+}

frontend/src/components/CreateContainerModal.tsx

@@ -21,11 +21,15 @@ const defaultForm: CreateContainerRequest = {
   ram_mb: 512,
   disk_gb: 10,
   network_bw_mbps: 0,
+  network_down_mbps: 0,
+  network_up_mbps: 0,
   monthly_traffic_gb: 0,
   traffic_mode: 'total',
   traffic_in_gb: 0,
   traffic_out_gb: 0,
   io_speed_mbps: 0,
+  io_read_mbps: 0,
+  io_write_mbps: 0,
   extra_ports: [],
   port_mapping_count: 2,
   assign_nat: true,
@@ -498,7 +502,7 @@ export default function CreateContainerModal({ isOpen, onClose, onSuccess, exist
             </Field>
           </div>
 
-          <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-3">
+          <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-3 md:grid-cols-3">
             <Field label="磁盘 (GB)">
               <NumberInput
                 value={form.disk_gb}
@@ -509,12 +513,20 @@ export default function CreateContainerModal({ isOpen, onClose, onSuccess, exist
               />
               {resourceErrors.disk_gb && <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-red-500">{resourceErrors.disk_gb}</p>}
             </Field>
-            <Field label="带宽 (Mbps)">
+            <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-3 md:col-span-2">
-              <NumberInput value={form.network_bw_mbps} min={0} onChange={(value) => setForm({ ...form, network_bw_mbps: value })} />
+              <Field label="下行带宽 (Mbps)">
-            </Field>
+                <NumberInput value={form.network_down_mbps} min={0} onChange={(value) => setForm({ ...form, network_down_mbps: value, network_bw_mbps: symmetricLimit(value, form.network_up_mbps) })} />
-            <Field label="IO 速度 (MB/s)">
+              </Field>
-              <NumberInput value={form.io_speed_mbps} min={0} onChange={(value) => setForm({ ...form, io_speed_mbps: value })} />
+              <Field label="上行带宽 (Mbps)">
-            </Field>
+                <NumberInput value={form.network_up_mbps} min={0} onChange={(value) => setForm({ ...form, network_up_mbps: value, network_bw_mbps: symmetricLimit(form.network_down_mbps, value) })} />
+              </Field>
+              <Field label="读取 IO (MB/s)">
+                <NumberInput value={form.io_read_mbps} min={0} onChange={(value) => setForm({ ...form, io_read_mbps: value, io_speed_mbps: symmetricLimit(value, form.io_write_mbps) })} />
+              </Field>
+              <Field label="写入 IO (MB/s)">
+                <NumberInput value={form.io_write_mbps} min={0} onChange={(value) => setForm({ ...form, io_write_mbps: value, io_speed_mbps: symmetricLimit(form.io_read_mbps, value) })} />
+              </Field>
+            </div>
           </div>
 
           <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 md:grid-cols-2">
@@ -779,5 +791,14 @@ function formatNATPortCount(count: number, language: Language) {
     : `将分配 ${count} 个 NAT 端口`
 }
 
+function symmetricLimit(a: number, b: number) {
+  const left = Math.max(0, Number(a) || 0)
+  const right = Math.max(0, Number(b) || 0)
+  if (left === right) return left
+  if (left === 0) return right
+  if (right === 0) return left
+  return Math.min(left, right)
+}
+
 const inputClass =
   'w-full px-3 py-2 border border-gray-300 rounded-md text-sm text-black bg-white focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-black focus:border-black'

frontend/src/pages/ApiIntegration.tsx

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import {
   X,
 } from 'lucide-react'
 import api, { APIResponse, Container } from '../services/api'
+import { useLanguage } from '../contexts/LanguageContext'
 import { copyToClipboard } from '../utils/clipboard'
 
 interface ApiKeyItem {
@@ -238,6 +239,7 @@ const emptyForm = (): ApiKeyForm => ({
 })
 
 export default function ApiIntegration() {
+  const { t } = useLanguage()
   const [keys, setKeys] = useState<ApiKeyItem[]>([])
   const [containers, setContainers] = useState<Container[]>([])
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true)
@@ -329,7 +331,7 @@ export default function ApiIntegration() {
   }
 
   const deleteKey = async (id: string) => {
-    if (!window.confirm('确定删除这个 API Key 吗？')) return
+    if (!window.confirm(t('确定删除这个 API Key 吗？'))) return
     try {
       await api.delete(`/api-keys/${id}`)
       setKeys(prev => prev.filter(k => k.id !== id))
@@ -730,11 +732,15 @@ const requestBodySamples: Record<string, Record<string, unknown>> = {
     ram_mb: 512,
     disk_gb: 10,
     network_bw_mbps: 0,
+    network_down_mbps: 100,
+    network_up_mbps: 20,
     monthly_traffic_gb: 0,
     traffic_mode: 'total',
     traffic_in_gb: 0,
     traffic_out_gb: 0,
     io_speed_mbps: 0,
+    io_read_mbps: 80,
+    io_write_mbps: 30,
     extra_ports: [8080],
     port_mapping_count: 2,
     assign_nat: true,
@@ -765,8 +771,12 @@ const requestBodySamples: Record<string, Record<string, unknown>> = {
   'PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/resource-limit': {
     vcpu: 1,
     ram_mb: 512,
-    io_speed_mbps: 0,
+    network_down_mbps: 100,
-    network_bw_mbps: 0,
+    network_up_mbps: 20,
+    io_read_mbps: 80,
+    io_write_mbps: 30,
+    network_bw_mbps: 20,
+    io_speed_mbps: 30,
   },
   'PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/expiry': { expires_at: '2026-12-31 23:59:59' },
   'POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/reset-password': { password: 'NewPass123456' },
@@ -1098,11 +1108,11 @@ const responseSamples: Record<string, unknown> = {
   'GET /api/v1/security/settings': { success: true, data: { auto_shutdown: false } },
   'PUT /api/v1/security/settings': { success: true, data: { auto_shutdown: false } },
   'GET /api/v1/swap': { success: true, data: { total_mb: 16383, used_mb: 0, free_mb: 16383, enabled: true, swap_file: '/swapfile' } },
-  'POST /api/v1/swap': { success: true, message: 'SWAP 已调整为 16384 MB', data: { total_mb: 16383, used_mb: 0, free_mb: 16383, enabled: true, swap_file: '/swapfile' } },
+  'POST /api/v1/swap': { success: true, message: 'SWAP adjusted to 16384 MB', data: { total_mb: 16383, used_mb: 0, free_mb: 16383, enabled: true, swap_file: '/swapfile' } },
   'POST /api/v1/batch-create': { success: true, data: ['task-12'] },
   'POST /api/v1/batch-action': { success: true, data: ['task-13'] },
-  'POST /api/v1/ssh-ticket': { success: true, data: { ticket: '***60秒有效票据***' } },
+  'POST /api/v1/ssh-ticket': { success: true, data: { ticket: '***60-second valid ticket***' } },
-  'POST /api/v1/vnc-ticket': { success: true, data: { ticket: '***60秒有效票据***' } },
+  'POST /api/v1/vnc-ticket': { success: true, data: { ticket: '***60-second valid ticket***' } },
   'POST /api/v1/sub-user/create': {
     success: true,
     message: 'Sub-user created',
@@ -1167,29 +1177,33 @@ function examplePathFor(path: string) {
 function endpointNoteFor(key: string) {
   const notes: string[] = []
   if (key === 'POST /api/v1/containers') {
-    notes.push('Linux 创建支持 ssh_auth_mode=auto_password|password|key；公网 IPv4、IPv6 与 NAT 可通过 assign_nat、assign_ipv4、assign_ipv6 组合使用。')
+    notes.push('Linux container creation supports ssh_auth_mode=auto_password|password|key. Public IPv4, IPv6, and NAT can be configured with assign_nat, assign_ipv4, and assign_ipv6.')
+    notes.push('Supports independent upload/download bandwidth limits and read/write I/O limits. network_bw_mbps and io_speed_mbps are deprecated symmetric compatibility aliases. New integrations should use network_down_mbps, network_up_mbps, io_read_mbps, and io_write_mbps.')
   }
   if (key === 'POST /api/v1/containers/{id}/reinstall') {
-    notes.push('重装支持 ssh_auth_mode=keep|auto_password|password|key；keep 仅用于重装，未传 SSH 字段时保持原有行为。')
+    notes.push('Reinstall supports ssh_auth_mode=keep|auto_password|password|key. keep is only for reinstall requests; if SSH fields are omitted, the existing behavior is kept.')
   }
   if (key === 'POST /api/v1/batch-create') {
-    notes.push('批量创建的单个 containers[] 项支持与 POST /api/v1/containers 相同的网络和 SSH 认证字段。')
+    notes.push('Each containers[] item in batch creation supports the same network and SSH authentication fields as POST /api/v1/containers.')
+  }
+  if (key === 'PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/resource-limit') {
+    notes.push('Supports independent download/upload bandwidth limits and read/write I/O limits. Omitted fields keep their current values, and explicitly passing 0 makes that direction unlimited. network_bw_mbps and io_speed_mbps are deprecated symmetric compatibility aliases.')
   }
   if (key === 'PUT /api/v1/containers/{id}/firewall') {
-    notes.push('兼容旧请求：default_action 可不传，不传时保留现有策略；rule.network 可不传，不传按 ipv4 处理。default_action: DROP=未命中规则时拒绝, ACCEPT=未命中规则时放行。network: ipv4=IPv4 NAT/公网 IPv4, ipv6=IPv6, all=同时应用到 IPv4 和 IPv6。NAT 入站规则的 port 填容器内端口，不是宿主机公网端口。')
+    notes.push('Backward compatible: default_action is optional; if omitted, the existing policy is kept. rule.network is optional; if omitted, it is treated as ipv4. default_action: DROP=deny unmatched traffic, ACCEPT=allow unmatched traffic. network: ipv4=IPv4 NAT/public IPv4, ipv6=IPv6, all=apply to both IPv4 and IPv6. For NAT inbound rules, port is the container internal port, not the host public port.')
   }
   if (key === 'POST /api/v1/batch-action') {
-    notes.push('action=reinstall 时可追加 template_id、ssh_auth_mode、ssh_password、ssh_public_key；其他 action 会忽略这些重装字段。')
+    notes.push('When action=reinstall, you can include template_id, ssh_auth_mode, ssh_password, and ssh_public_key. Other actions ignore these reinstall fields.')
   }
   if (key === 'PUT /api/v1/routing') {
-    notes.push('更新公网地址池需要 routing:write；已分配给容器的地址不能从池中移除。')
+    notes.push('Updating public address pools requires routing:write. Addresses already assigned to containers cannot be removed from the pool.')
   }
   if (key === 'POST /api/v1/routing/ipv4-scan') {
-    notes.push('扫描公网 IPv4 段需要 routing:write；verify=true 时会尝试校验地址可用性。')
+    notes.push('Scanning public IPv4 prefixes requires routing:write. When verify=true, the API also attempts to check address availability.')
   }
-  if (key.includes('/vnc-ticket')) notes.push('WebVNC 仅适用于 KVM 虚拟机；LXC 容器会返回 VNC console is only available for KVM VMs。')
+  if (key.includes('/vnc-ticket')) notes.push('WebVNC only applies to KVM VMs; LXC containers return "VNC console is only available for KVM VMs".')
-  if (key.includes('/containers/{id}/delete') || key.includes('/batch-action')) notes.push('该接口会进入任务队列，请随后调用 GET /api/v1/tasks 查看执行状态。')
+  if (key.includes('/containers/{id}/delete') || key.includes('/batch-action')) notes.push('This API enters the task queue. Call GET /api/v1/tasks afterward to check execution status.')
-  if (key.includes('/reset-password') || key.includes('/api-keys') || key.includes('/sub-user')) notes.push('样例中的密钥、密码和票据已脱敏；创建类接口的完整密钥只在创建响应中出现一次。')
+  if (key.includes('/reset-password') || key.includes('/api-keys') || key.includes('/sub-user')) notes.push('Keys, passwords, and tickets in examples are masked. Full secrets from create APIs appear only once in the creation response.')
   return notes.join(' ')
 }
 

frontend/src/pages/ContainerDetail.tsx

@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ export default function ContainerDetail() {
   const [trafficEdit, setTrafficEdit] = useState({ mode: 'total', monthly: 0, inGB: 0, outGB: 0 })
   const [savingTraffic, setSavingTraffic] = useState(false)
   const [showResourceEdit, setShowResourceEdit] = useState(false)
-  const [resourceEdit, setResourceEdit] = useState({ vcpu: 1, ramMb: 512, ioMbps: 500, bwMbps: 100 })
+  const [resourceEdit, setResourceEdit] = useState({ vcpu: 1, ramMb: 512, networkDownMbps: 0, networkUpMbps: 0, ioReadMbps: 0, ioWriteMbps: 0 })
   const [savingResource, setSavingResource] = useState(false)
   const [showPassword, setShowPassword] = useState(false)
   const [showResetPassword, setShowResetPassword] = useState(false)
@@ -395,8 +395,10 @@ export default function ContainerDetail() {
     setResourceEdit({
       vcpu: container.vcpu,
       ramMb: container.ram_mb,
-      ioMbps: container.io_speed_mbps || 0,
+      networkDownMbps: resourceLimitValue(container.network_down_mbps, container.network_bw_mbps),
-      bwMbps: container.network_bw_mbps || 0,
+      networkUpMbps: resourceLimitValue(container.network_up_mbps, container.network_bw_mbps),
+      ioReadMbps: resourceLimitValue(container.io_read_mbps, container.io_speed_mbps),
+      ioWriteMbps: resourceLimitValue(container.io_write_mbps, container.io_speed_mbps),
     })
     setShowResourceEdit(true)
   }
@@ -408,8 +410,12 @@ export default function ContainerDetail() {
       await updateResourceLimit(container.id, {
         vcpu: resourceEdit.vcpu,
         ram_mb: resourceEdit.ramMb,
-        io_speed_mbps: resourceEdit.ioMbps,
+        network_down_mbps: resourceEdit.networkDownMbps,
-        network_bw_mbps: resourceEdit.bwMbps,
+        network_up_mbps: resourceEdit.networkUpMbps,
+        network_bw_mbps: symmetricLimit(resourceEdit.networkDownMbps, resourceEdit.networkUpMbps),
+        io_read_mbps: resourceEdit.ioReadMbps,
+        io_write_mbps: resourceEdit.ioWriteMbps,
+        io_speed_mbps: symmetricLimit(resourceEdit.ioReadMbps, resourceEdit.ioWriteMbps),
       })
       setShowResourceEdit(false)
       fetchContainer()
@@ -903,8 +909,19 @@ export default function ContainerDetail() {
   const diskPct = container.disk_gb > 0 ? clamp(((usage?.disk_usage_bytes || 0) / (container.disk_gb * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)) * 100) : 0
   const networkBps = (usage?.network_rx_bps || 0) + (usage?.network_tx_bps || 0)
   const rx = usage?.network_rx_bps || 0
-  const netPct = Math.min(((usage?.network_rx_bps || 0) + (usage?.network_tx_bps || 0)) / (container.network_bw_mbps > 0 ? container.network_bw_mbps * 125000 : 125000000) * 100, 100)
+  const networkDownLimit = resourceLimitValue(container.network_down_mbps, container.network_bw_mbps)
+  const networkUpLimit = resourceLimitValue(container.network_up_mbps, container.network_bw_mbps)
+  const netPct = Math.max(
+    directionUsagePercent(usage?.network_rx_bps || 0, networkDownLimit, 125000, 125000000),
+    directionUsagePercent(usage?.network_tx_bps || 0, networkUpLimit, 125000, 125000000),
+  )
   const diskIOBps = (usage?.disk_read_bps || 0) + (usage?.disk_write_bps || 0)
+  const ioReadLimit = resourceLimitValue(container.io_read_mbps, container.io_speed_mbps)
+  const ioWriteLimit = resourceLimitValue(container.io_write_mbps, container.io_speed_mbps)
+  const diskIOPct = Math.max(
+    directionUsagePercent(usage?.disk_read_bps || 0, ioReadLimit, 1024 * 1024, 1024 * 1024 * 1024),
+    directionUsagePercent(usage?.disk_write_bps || 0, ioWriteLimit, 1024 * 1024, 1024 * 1024 * 1024),
+  )
   const mappingCount = container.port_mappings?.length || 0
   const mappingLimit = Math.max(container.port_mapping_limit || 0, mappingCount)
   const hasNATQuota = mappingLimit > 0
@@ -951,7 +968,7 @@ export default function ContainerDetail() {
       current: networkBps,
       points: toChartPoints(filtered, 'network'),
       formatValue: formatRate,
-      detail: `入 ${formatRate(usage?.network_rx_bps || 0)} / 出 ${formatRate(usage?.network_tx_bps || 0)}，累计 ${formatBytes((usage?.network_rx_bytes || 0) + (usage?.network_tx_bytes || 0))}`,
+      detail: `入 ${formatRate(usage?.network_rx_bps || 0)} / 出 ${formatRate(usage?.network_tx_bps || 0)}，限速占用 ${netPct.toFixed(1)}%，累计 ${formatBytes((usage?.network_rx_bytes || 0) + (usage?.network_tx_bytes || 0))}`,
     },
     {
       title: '磁盘IO',
@@ -959,7 +976,7 @@ export default function ContainerDetail() {
       current: diskIOBps,
       points: toChartPoints(filtered, 'diskIO'),
       formatValue: formatRate,
-      detail: `读 ${formatRate(usage?.disk_read_bps || 0)} / 写 ${formatRate(usage?.disk_write_bps || 0)}，累计 ${formatBytes((usage?.disk_read_bytes || 0) + (usage?.disk_write_bytes || 0))}，容量 ${diskPct.toFixed(1)}%`,
+      detail: `读 ${formatRate(usage?.disk_read_bps || 0)} / 写 ${formatRate(usage?.disk_write_bps || 0)}，限速占用 ${diskIOPct.toFixed(1)}%，累计 ${formatBytes((usage?.disk_read_bytes || 0) + (usage?.disk_write_bytes || 0))}，容量 ${diskPct.toFixed(1)}%`,
     },
   ]
 
@@ -1154,8 +1171,8 @@ export default function ContainerDetail() {
           <PlainRow label="vCPU" value={`${container.vcpu} 核`} />
           <PlainRow label="内存" value={`${container.ram_mb} MB`} />
           <PlainRow label="磁盘" value={`${container.disk_gb} GB`} />
-          <PlainRow label="网络速率" value={container.network_bw_mbps > 0 ? `${container.network_bw_mbps} Mbps` : '不限制'} />
+          <PlainRow label="网络速率" value={formatDirectionalLimit('下行', networkDownLimit, '上行', networkUpLimit, 'Mbps')} />
-          <PlainRow label="IO 速度" value={container.io_speed_mbps > 0 ? `${container.io_speed_mbps} MB/s` : '不限制'} />
+          <PlainRow label="IO 速度" value={formatDirectionalLimit('读取', ioReadLimit, '写入', ioWriteLimit, 'MB/s')} />
         </Panel>
 
         <Panel title="实时状态">
@@ -1982,15 +1999,27 @@ export default function ContainerDetail() {
                   className="w-full px-3 py-2 border border-gray-300 rounded-md text-sm" />
               </div>
               <div>
-                <label className="block text-xs text-gray-500 mb-1">网络速率 (Mbps，0=不限制)</label>
+                <label className="block text-xs text-gray-500 mb-1">下行带宽 (Mbps，0=不限制)</label>
-                <input type="number" min={0} value={resourceEdit.bwMbps}
+                <input type="number" min={0} value={resourceEdit.networkDownMbps}
-                  onChange={(e) => setResourceEdit({ ...resourceEdit, bwMbps: Math.max(0, Number(e.target.value) || 0) })}
+                  onChange={(e) => setResourceEdit({ ...resourceEdit, networkDownMbps: Math.max(0, Number(e.target.value) || 0) })}
                   className="w-full px-3 py-2 border border-gray-300 rounded-md text-sm" />
               </div>
               <div>
-                <label className="block text-xs text-gray-500 mb-1">IO 速度 (MB/s，0=不限制)</label>
+                <label className="block text-xs text-gray-500 mb-1">上行带宽 (Mbps，0=不限制)</label>
-                <input type="number" min={0} value={resourceEdit.ioMbps}
+                <input type="number" min={0} value={resourceEdit.networkUpMbps}
-                  onChange={(e) => setResourceEdit({ ...resourceEdit, ioMbps: Math.max(0, Number(e.target.value) || 0) })}
+                  onChange={(e) => setResourceEdit({ ...resourceEdit, networkUpMbps: Math.max(0, Number(e.target.value) || 0) })}
+                  className="w-full px-3 py-2 border border-gray-300 rounded-md text-sm" />
+              </div>
+              <div>
+                <label className="block text-xs text-gray-500 mb-1">读取 IO (MB/s，0=不限制)</label>
+                <input type="number" min={0} value={resourceEdit.ioReadMbps}
+                  onChange={(e) => setResourceEdit({ ...resourceEdit, ioReadMbps: Math.max(0, Number(e.target.value) || 0) })}
+                  className="w-full px-3 py-2 border border-gray-300 rounded-md text-sm" />
+              </div>
+              <div>
+                <label className="block text-xs text-gray-500 mb-1">写入 IO (MB/s，0=不限制)</label>
+                <input type="number" min={0} value={resourceEdit.ioWriteMbps}
+                  onChange={(e) => setResourceEdit({ ...resourceEdit, ioWriteMbps: Math.max(0, Number(e.target.value) || 0) })}
                   className="w-full px-3 py-2 border border-gray-300 rounded-md text-sm" />
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -2459,6 +2488,32 @@ function clampResourceInt(value: number, min: number, max?: number, fallback = m
   return Math.min(Math.max(next, min), max ?? next)
 }
 
+function resourceLimitValue(value?: number, fallback?: number) {
+  return Math.max(0, Number(value || fallback || 0))
+}
+
+function symmetricLimit(a: number, b: number) {
+  const left = resourceLimitValue(a)
+  const right = resourceLimitValue(b)
+  if (left === right) return left
+  if (left === 0) return right
+  if (right === 0) return left
+  return Math.min(left, right)
+}
+
+function directionUsagePercent(bytesPerSecond: number, limit: number, bytesPerLimitUnit: number, fallbackBytesPerSecond: number) {
+  const denominator = limit > 0 ? limit * bytesPerLimitUnit : fallbackBytesPerSecond
+  return denominator > 0 ? clamp((bytesPerSecond / denominator) * 100) : 0
+}
+
+function formatLimit(value: number, unit: string) {
+  return value > 0 ? `${value} ${unit}` : '不限制'
+}
+
+function formatDirectionalLimit(firstLabel: string, firstValue: number, secondLabel: string, secondValue: number, unit: string) {
+  return `${firstLabel} ${formatLimit(firstValue, unit)} / ${secondLabel} ${formatLimit(secondValue, unit)}`
+}
+
 function toChartPoints<T extends keyof Omit<MetricPoint, 'ts'>>(history: MetricPoint[], key: T): ChartPoint[] {
   return history.map((point) => ({ ts: point.ts, value: Number(point[key]) || 0 }))
 }

frontend/src/pages/Containers.tsx

@@ -704,6 +704,8 @@ function toPlaceholder(cfg: CreateContainerRequest): DisplayContainer {
     ram_mb: cfg.ram_mb,
     disk_gb: cfg.disk_gb,
     network_bw_mbps: cfg.network_bw_mbps,
+    network_down_mbps: cfg.network_down_mbps,
+    network_up_mbps: cfg.network_up_mbps,
     monthly_traffic_gb: cfg.monthly_traffic_gb,
     traffic_mode: cfg.traffic_mode || 'total',
     traffic_in_gb: cfg.traffic_in_gb || 0,
@@ -712,6 +714,8 @@ function toPlaceholder(cfg: CreateContainerRequest): DisplayContainer {
     traffic_used_tx: 0,
     traffic_reset_date: '',
     io_speed_mbps: cfg.io_speed_mbps,
+    io_read_mbps: cfg.io_read_mbps,
+    io_write_mbps: cfg.io_write_mbps,
     status: 'creating',
     ip: '',
     public_ipv4s: [],

frontend/src/pages/Login.tsx

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ export default function Login() {
           </form>
         </div>
 
-        <p className="text-center text-xs text-gray-400 mt-6">CLICD v1.1.18</p>
+        <p className="text-center text-xs text-gray-400 mt-6">CLICD v1.1.19</p>
       </div>
     </div>
   )

frontend/src/services/api.ts

@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ export interface Container {
   ram_mb: number
   disk_gb: number
   network_bw_mbps: number
+  network_down_mbps: number
+  network_up_mbps: number
   monthly_traffic_gb: number
   traffic_mode: string
   traffic_in_gb: number
@@ -88,6 +90,8 @@ export interface Container {
   traffic_used_tx: number
   traffic_reset_date: string
   io_speed_mbps: number
+  io_read_mbps: number
+  io_write_mbps: number
   status: string
   ip: string
   public_ipv4s?: PublicIPv4Assignment[]
@@ -138,11 +142,15 @@ export interface CreateContainerRequest {
   ram_mb: number
   disk_gb: number
   network_bw_mbps: number
+  network_down_mbps: number
+  network_up_mbps: number
   monthly_traffic_gb: number
   traffic_mode: string
   traffic_in_gb: number
   traffic_out_gb: number
   io_speed_mbps: number
+  io_read_mbps: number
+  io_write_mbps: number
   extra_ports: number[]
   port_mapping_count: number
   assign_nat?: boolean
@@ -488,8 +496,12 @@ export const updateTrafficLimit = (id: ContainerIdentifier, data: {
 export const updateResourceLimit = (id: ContainerIdentifier, data: {
   vcpu: number
   ram_mb: number
-  io_speed_mbps: number
+  io_speed_mbps?: number
-  network_bw_mbps: number
+  io_read_mbps?: number
+  io_write_mbps?: number
+  network_bw_mbps?: number
+  network_down_mbps?: number
+  network_up_mbps?: number
 }) =>
   api.put<APIResponse>(`/containers/${id}/resource-limit`, data)
 

frontend/src/utils/i18n.ts

@@ -92,6 +92,22 @@ const exact: Record<string, string> = {
   '创建时间': 'Created At',
   '网络速率': 'Network Speed',
   'IO 速度': 'IO Speed',
+  '下行带宽': 'Download Bandwidth',
+  '上行带宽': 'Upload Bandwidth',
+  '读取 IO': 'Read IO',
+  '写入 IO': 'Write IO',
+  '下行带宽 (Mbps)': 'Download Bandwidth (Mbps)',
+  '上行带宽 (Mbps)': 'Upload Bandwidth (Mbps)',
+  '读取 IO (MB/s)': 'Read IO (MB/s)',
+  '写入 IO (MB/s)': 'Write IO (MB/s)',
+  '下行带宽 (Mbps，0=不限制)': 'Download Bandwidth (Mbps, 0=unlimited)',
+  '上行带宽 (Mbps，0=不限制)': 'Upload Bandwidth (Mbps, 0=unlimited)',
+  '读取 IO (MB/s，0=不限制)': 'Read IO (MB/s, 0=unlimited)',
+  '写入 IO (MB/s，0=不限制)': 'Write IO (MB/s, 0=unlimited)',
+  '限速占用': 'Limit Usage',
+  '支持独立限制上行/下行带宽和读/写 I/O 操作。': 'Supports independent upload/download bandwidth limits and read/write I/O limits.',
+  '支持独立限制上行/下行带宽和读/写 I/O 操作。network_bw_mbps 与 io_speed_mbps 为旧版对称限制兼容别名，建议新对接使用 network_down_mbps、network_up_mbps、io_read_mbps、io_write_mbps。': 'Supports independent upload/download bandwidth limits and read/write I/O limits. network_bw_mbps and io_speed_mbps are deprecated symmetric compatibility aliases. New integrations should use network_down_mbps, network_up_mbps, io_read_mbps, and io_write_mbps.',
+  '支持独立限制下行/上行带宽和读取/写入 I/O。未传字段保持原值，显式传 0 表示该方向不限速；network_bw_mbps 与 io_speed_mbps 为旧版对称限制兼容别名。': 'Supports independent download/upload bandwidth limits and read/write I/O limits. Omitted fields keep their current values, and explicitly passing 0 makes that direction unlimited. network_bw_mbps and io_speed_mbps are deprecated symmetric compatibility aliases.',
   '月流量': 'Monthly Traffic',
   '统计信息': 'Statistics',
   'CPU 使用率': 'CPU Usage',
@@ -578,7 +594,11 @@ const exact: Record<string, string> = {
   '更新 Key': 'Update Key',
   '删除 Key': 'Delete Key',
   '总览': 'Overview',
+  'NAT/IPv4/IPv6 路由': 'NAT / IPv4 / IPv6 Routing',
   'NAT/IPv6 路由': 'NAT / IPv6 Routing',
+  '更新公网 IPv4/IPv6 池': 'Update Public IPv4 / IPv6 Pools',
+  '扫描公网 IPv4 段': 'Scan Public IPv4 Prefixes',
+  '公网 IPv4/IPv6 池': 'Public IPv4 / IPv6 Pools',
   '任务队列': 'Task Queue',
   '任务列表': 'Task List',
   '操作记录': 'audit records',
@@ -588,6 +608,7 @@ const exact: Record<string, string> = {
   '管理员接口': 'Admin API',
   '控制面板统计': 'Dashboard Stats',
   '立即安全检查': 'Run Security Check',
+  '路由配置': 'Routing Configuration',
   '返回响应样例': 'Response Example',
   '请求参数': 'Request Parameters',
   '响应字段': 'Response Fields',
@@ -616,11 +637,14 @@ const exact: Record<string, string> = {
   '添加端口映射': 'Add Port Mapping',
   '更新端口映射': 'Update Port Mapping',
   '删除端口映射': 'Delete Port Mapping',
+  '获取防火墙设置': 'Get Firewall Settings',
+  '更新防火墙设置': 'Update Firewall Settings',
   '快照总览': 'Snapshot Overview',
   '容器快照': 'Container Snapshots',
   '计划快照': 'Scheduled Snapshots',
   '快照配额': 'Snapshot Quota',
   '模板列表': 'Template List',
+  '镜像管理列表': 'Image Management List',
   '取消镜像下载': 'Cancel Image Download',
   '启用/禁用镜像': 'Enable / Disable Image',
   '安全连接日志': 'Security Connection Logs',
@@ -650,7 +674,6 @@ const exact: Record<string, string> = {
   'WebVNC 票据': 'WebVNC Ticket',
   '容器列表（兼容 POST 写法）': 'Container List (compatible POST form)',
   '调整到期时间': 'Adjust Expiration Time',
-  '镜像管理列表': 'Image Management List',
   '批量创建容器': 'Batch Create Containers',
   '创建 WebSSH 票据': 'Create WebSSH Ticket',
   '创建 WebVNC 票据': 'Create WebVNC Ticket',
@@ -677,6 +700,12 @@ const exact: Record<string, string> = {
   'CI/CD、计费系统、自动化脚本': 'CI/CD, billing systems, automation scripts',
   'SWAP 已调整为 16384 MB': 'SWAP adjusted to 16384 MB',
   '***60秒有效票据***': '***60-second valid ticket***',
+  'Linux 创建支持 ssh_auth_mode=auto_password|password|key；公网 IPv4、IPv6 与 NAT 可通过 assign_nat、assign_ipv4、assign_ipv6 组合使用。': 'Linux container creation supports ssh_auth_mode=auto_password|password|key. Public IPv4, IPv6, and NAT can be configured with assign_nat, assign_ipv4, and assign_ipv6.',
+  '重装支持 ssh_auth_mode=keep|auto_password|password|key；keep 仅用于重装，未传 SSH 字段时保持原有行为。': 'Reinstall supports ssh_auth_mode=keep|auto_password|password|key. keep is only for reinstall requests; if SSH fields are omitted, the existing behavior is kept.',
+  '批量创建的单个 containers[] 项支持与 POST /api/v1/containers 相同的网络和 SSH 认证字段。': 'Each containers[] item in batch creation supports the same network and SSH authentication fields as POST /api/v1/containers.',
+  'action=reinstall 时可追加 template_id、ssh_auth_mode、ssh_password、ssh_public_key；其他 action 会忽略这些重装字段。': 'When action=reinstall, you can include template_id, ssh_auth_mode, ssh_password, and ssh_public_key. Other actions ignore these reinstall fields.',
+  '更新公网地址池需要 routing:write；已分配给容器的地址不能从池中移除。': 'Updating public address pools requires routing:write. Addresses already assigned to containers cannot be removed from the pool.',
+  '扫描公网 IPv4 段需要 routing:write；verify=true 时会尝试校验地址可用性。': 'Scanning public IPv4 prefixes requires routing:write. When verify=true, the API also attempts to check address availability.',
   'WebVNC 仅适用于 KVM 虚拟机；LXC 容器会返回 VNC console is only available for KVM VMs。': 'WebVNC only applies to KVM VMs; LXC containers return "VNC console is only available for KVM VMs".',
   '该接口会进入任务队列，请随后调用 GET /api/v1/tasks 查看执行状态。': 'This API enters the task queue. Call GET /api/v1/tasks afterward to check execution status.',
   '样例中的密钥、密码和票据已脱敏；创建类接口的完整密钥只在创建响应中出现一次。': 'Keys, passwords, and tickets in examples are masked. Full secrets from create APIs appear only once in the creation response.',
@@ -793,7 +822,32 @@ const exact: Record<string, string> = {
   '独立 IPv4': 'Dedicated IPv4',
   '添加规则': 'Add Rule',
   '启用后默认拒绝所有入站和出站流量，仅放行下方规则': 'When enabled, all inbound and outbound traffic is blocked by default. Only the rules below are allowed.',
+  '已启用，未匹配规则的流量将被拒绝': 'Enabled. Traffic that does not match a rule will be denied.',
+  '已启用，未匹配规则的流量将被放行': 'Enabled. Traffic that does not match a rule will be allowed.',
+  '未启用时不接管该容器流量': 'Disabled. Container traffic is not managed by this firewall.',
+  '默认动作': 'Default Action',
+  '没有命中下方规则时如何处理': 'How to handle traffic that does not match the rules below',
+  '未匹配拒绝': 'Deny unmatched',
+  '未匹配放行': 'Allow unmatched',
+  '网络范围': 'Network Scope',
+  '可配置：': 'Configurable: ',
+  '可配置：IPv4（公网 IPv4）。 IPv4 规则覆盖独立公网 IPv4。': 'Configurable: IPv4 (Public IPv4). IPv4 rules apply to the dedicated public IPv4.',
+  '可配置：IPv4（NAT）。 IPv4 规则覆盖IPv4 NAT 端口映射。 NAT 入站端口按容器内部端口匹配，不是宿主机公网端口。': 'Configurable: IPv4 (NAT). IPv4 rules apply to IPv4 NAT port mappings. NAT inbound ports are matched by the container internal port, not the host public port.',
+  '可配置：IPv6。 IPv6 规则覆盖该容器已分配的 IPv6 地址。': 'Configurable: IPv6. IPv6 rules apply to the IPv6 addresses assigned to this container.',
+  '可配置：IPv4（公网 IPv4）、IPv6。 IPv4 规则覆盖独立公网 IPv4。 IPv6 规则覆盖该容器已分配的 IPv6 地址。': 'Configurable: IPv4 (Public IPv4), IPv6. IPv4 rules apply to the dedicated public IPv4. IPv6 rules apply to the IPv6 addresses assigned to this container.',
+  '可配置：IPv4（NAT）、IPv6。 IPv4 规则覆盖IPv4 NAT 端口映射。 NAT 入站端口按容器内部端口匹配，不是宿主机公网端口。 IPv6 规则覆盖该容器已分配的 IPv6 地址。': 'Configurable: IPv4 (NAT), IPv6. IPv4 rules apply to IPv4 NAT port mappings. NAT inbound ports are matched by the container internal port, not the host public port. IPv6 rules apply to the IPv6 addresses assigned to this container.',
+  '当前容器未分配 IPv4 NAT、独立公网 IPv4 或 IPv6，暂无可配置网络。': 'This container has no IPv4 NAT, dedicated public IPv4, or IPv6 assigned, so no firewall network can be configured.',
+  '当前容器没有可配置的 NAT、公网 IPv4 或 IPv6': 'This container has no configurable NAT, public IPv4, or IPv6',
+  '当前容器没有可配置网络': 'This container has no configurable network',
+  'IPv4 规则覆盖独立公网 IPv4。': 'IPv4 rules apply to the dedicated public IPv4.',
+  'IPv4 规则覆盖IPv4 NAT 端口映射。': 'IPv4 rules apply to IPv4 NAT port mappings.',
+  'NAT 入站端口按容器内部端口匹配，不是宿主机公网端口。': 'NAT inbound ports are matched by the container internal port, not the host public port.',
+  'IPv6 规则覆盖该容器已分配的 IPv6 地址。': 'IPv6 rules apply to the IPv6 addresses assigned to this container.',
+  'IPv4（公网 IPv4）': 'IPv4 (Public IPv4)',
+  'IPv4（NAT）': 'IPv4 (NAT)',
+  '全部网络': 'All Networks',
   '方向': 'Direction',
+  '网络': 'Network',
   '来源/目标 IP': 'Source / Destination IP',
   '动作': 'Action',
   '入站': 'Inbound',
@@ -802,18 +856,31 @@ const exact: Record<string, string> = {
   '放行': 'Allow',
   '拒绝': 'Deny',
   '暂无防火墙规则': 'No firewall rules',
+  '防火墙设置已保存并应用': 'Firewall settings saved and applied',
+  '保存防火墙设置失败': 'Failed to save firewall settings',
   '编辑规则': 'Edit Rule',
   '入站 (Inbound)': 'Inbound',
   '出站 (Outbound)': 'Outbound',
   '留空为全部端口，支持: 22 | 80,443 | 8000-9000': 'Leave empty for all ports. Supports: 22 | 80,443 | 8000-9000',
+  '入站填容器服务端口；留空为全部端口，支持: 22 | 80,443 | 8000-9000': 'For inbound rules, enter the container service port. Leave empty for all ports. Supports: 22 | 80,443 | 8000-9000',
+  '出站填远端目标端口；留空为全部端口，支持: 22 | 80,443 | 8000-9000': 'For outbound rules, enter the remote destination port. Leave empty for all ports. Supports: 22 | 80,443 | 8000-9000',
+  'NAT 入站填容器内部端口，例如公网 22023 -> 容器 22，这里填 22': 'For NAT inbound rules, enter the container internal port. For example, public 22023 -> container 22 means enter 22 here.',
+  '端口仅适用于 TCP/UDP': 'Ports only apply to TCP/UDP',
   '如: 22 或 80,443 或 8000-9000': 'e.g. 22 or 80,443 or 8000-9000',
+  '当前协议不使用端口': 'This protocol does not use ports',
   '来源 IP': 'Source IP',
   '目标 IP': 'Destination IP',
   '留空为任意 IP，支持 CIDR: 192.168.1.0/24': 'Leave empty for any IP. Supports CIDR: 192.168.1.0/24',
+  '留空为任意 IPv4，支持 CIDR: 192.168.1.0/24': 'Leave empty for any IPv4. Supports CIDR: 192.168.1.0/24',
+  '留空为任意 IPv6，支持 CIDR: 2001:db8::/64': 'Leave empty for any IPv6. Supports CIDR: 2001:db8::/64',
+  '留空为任意 IP，支持 IPv4/IPv6 CIDR': 'Leave empty for any IP. Supports IPv4/IPv6 CIDR',
   '如: 192.168.1.0/24': 'e.g. 192.168.1.0/24',
+  '如: 2001:db8::/64': 'e.g. 2001:db8::/64',
+  '如: 192.168.1.0/24 或 2001:db8::/64': 'e.g. 192.168.1.0/24 or 2001:db8::/64',
   '放行 (ACCEPT)': 'Allow (ACCEPT)',
   '拒绝 (DROP)': 'Deny (DROP)',
   '规则描述': 'Rule description',
+  '兼容旧请求：default_action 可不传，不传时保留现有策略；rule.network 可不传，不传按 ipv4 处理。default_action: DROP=未命中规则时拒绝, ACCEPT=未命中规则时放行。network: ipv4=IPv4 NAT/公网 IPv4, ipv6=IPv6, all=同时应用到 IPv4 和 IPv6。NAT 入站规则的 port 填容器内端口，不是宿主机公网端口。': 'Backward compatible: default_action is optional; if omitted, the existing policy is kept. rule.network is optional; if omitted, it is treated as ipv4. default_action: DROP=deny unmatched traffic, ACCEPT=allow unmatched traffic. network: ipv4=IPv4 NAT/public IPv4, ipv6=IPv6, all=apply to both IPv4 and IPv6. For NAT inbound rules, port is the container internal port, not the host public port.',
   '登录方式': 'SSH Auth Method',
   '保留当前密码': 'Keep current password',
   '生成新密码': 'Generate new password',
@@ -905,7 +972,12 @@ const replacements: Array<[RegExp, string]> = [
   [/当前证书：/g, 'Current certificate: '],
   [/第\s*(\d+)\s*页/g, 'Page $1'],
   [/入\s*([^/，]+)\s*\/\s*出\s*([^，]+)，累计\s*(.+)$/g, 'In $1 / Out $2, total $3'],
+  [/入\s*([^/，]+)\s*\/\s*出\s*([^，]+)，限速占用\s*([^，]+)，累计\s*(.+)$/g, 'In $1 / Out $2, limit usage $3, total $4'],
+  [/下\s*([^/]+)\s*\/\s*上\s*(.+)$/g, 'Down $1 / Up $2'],
+  [/下行\s*([^/]+)\s*\/\s*上行\s*(.+)$/g, 'Download $1 / Upload $2'],
+  [/读取\s*([^/]+)\s*\/\s*写入\s*(.+)$/g, 'Read $1 / Write $2'],
   [/读\s*([^/，]+)\s*\/\s*写\s*([^，]+)，累计\s*([^，]+)，容量\s*(.+)$/g, 'Read $1 / Write $2, total $3, capacity $4'],
+  [/读\s*([^/，]+)\s*\/\s*写\s*([^，]+)，限速占用\s*([^，]+)，累计\s*([^，]+)，容量\s*(.+)$/g, 'Read $1 / Write $2, limit usage $3, total $4, capacity $5'],
   [/(.+?)，筛选后\s*(\d+)\s*items/g, '$1, filtered $2 items'],
   [/(.+?)，已选\s*(\d+)\s*items/g, '$1, selected $2 items'],
   [/将创建\s*(\d+)\s*个容器：(.+?)\s*至\s*(.+)$/g, 'Will create $1 containers: $2 to $3'],