初步支持KVM

backend/internal/api/handlers.go

@@ -105,10 +105,7 @@ func HandleSingleContainer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 }
 
 func listContainers(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	containers, err := lxcManager.ListContainers()
+	containers, _ := listByRuntime()
-	if err != nil {
-		containers = config.AppConfig.Containers
-	}
 	containers = filterContainersForRequest(r, containers)
 	jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Data: containers})
 }
@@ -123,11 +120,12 @@ func createContainer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Container name is required"})
 		return
 	}
+	cfg.Virtualization = runtimeFromRequest(cfg.Virtualization)
 	if cfg.TemplateID == "" {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Template is required"})
 		return
 	}
-	if !isTemplateEnabledAndDownloaded(cfg.TemplateID) {
+	if !isImageEnabledAndDownloaded(cfg.TemplateID, cfg.Virtualization) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Template is not enabled or downloaded"})
 		return
 	}
@@ -150,7 +148,7 @@ func createContainer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	if cfg.SnapshotLimit <= 0 {
 		cfg.SnapshotLimit = config.DefaultSnapshotLimit
 	}
-	if err := validateContainerResourceRequest(cfg.VCPU, cfg.RAMMB, cfg.DiskGB); err != nil {
+	if err := validateRuntimeResourceRequest(cfg.Virtualization, cfg.VCPU, cfg.RAMMB, cfg.DiskGB); err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
@@ -166,7 +164,7 @@ func createContainer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if err := lxcManager.CreateContainer(cfg); err != nil {
+	if err := createByRuntime(cfg); err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
@@ -183,7 +181,7 @@ func getContainer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
 }
 
 func getUsage(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
-	usage, err := lxcManager.GetResourceUsage(id)
+	usage, err := usageByRuntime(id)
 	if err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return
@@ -192,7 +190,7 @@ func getUsage(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
 }
 
 func getTraffic(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
-	info := lxcManager.GetTrafficInfo(id)
+	info := trafficByRuntime(id)
 	if info == nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Container not found"})
 		return
@@ -281,7 +279,7 @@ func updateResourceLimit(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
 	if req.RAMMB > 0 {
 		nextRAMMB = req.RAMMB
 	}
-	if err := validateContainerResourceRequest(nextVCPU, nextRAMMB, c.DiskGB); err != nil {
+	if err := validateRuntimeResourceRequest(c.Runtime(), nextVCPU, nextRAMMB, c.DiskGB); err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
@@ -294,7 +292,7 @@ func updateResourceLimit(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
 
 	// Re-apply resource limits to running container
 	if c.Status == "running" {
-		if err := lxcManager.ApplyContainerLimits(c); err != nil {
+		if err := applyLimitsByRuntime(c); err != nil {
 			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 			return
 		}
@@ -354,10 +352,7 @@ func HandleDashboard(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Method not allowed"})
 		return
 	}
-	containers, err := lxcManager.ListContainers()
+	containers, _ := listByRuntime()
-	if err != nil {
-		containers = config.AppConfig.Containers
-	}
 	running := 0
 	stopped := 0
 	for _, c := range containers {
@@ -391,7 +386,7 @@ func resetSSHPassword(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "容器已到期，不允许此操作"})
 		return
 	}
-	newPassword, err := lxcManager.ResetSSHPassword(id)
+	newPassword, err := resetPasswordByRuntime(id)
 	if err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return

backend/internal/api/images.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	"clicd/internal/config"
+	"clicd/internal/kvm"
 	"clicd/internal/lxc"
 )
 
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 type ImageInfo struct {
 	ID          string `json:"id"`
 	Name        string `json:"name"`
+	Type        string `json:"type"`
 	Distro      string `json:"distro"`
 	Release     string `json:"release"`
 	Arch        string `json:"arch"`
@@ -78,6 +80,9 @@ func getEnabledImageSet() map[string]bool {
 		for _, t := range lxc.GetTemplates() {
 			set[t.ID] = true
 		}
+		for _, t := range kvm.GetImages() {
+			set[t.ID] = true
+		}
 	} else {
 		for _, id := range config.AppConfig.EnabledImages {
 			set[id] = true
@@ -93,16 +98,34 @@ func HandleImages(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	templates := lxc.GetTemplates()
 	enabledSet := getEnabledImageSet()
 
-	images := make([]ImageInfo, 0, len(templates))
+	templates := lxc.GetTemplates()
+	images := make([]ImageInfo, 0, len(templates)+len(kvm.GetImages()))
 	for _, t := range templates {
 		_, downloading := imageDownloads[t.ID]
 		downloaded, size := imageDownloadedInfo(t.Distro, t.Release, t.Arch)
 		images = append(images, ImageInfo{
 			ID:          t.ID,
 			Name:        t.Name,
+			Type:        config.VirtualizationLXC,
+			Distro:      t.Distro,
+			Release:     t.Release,
+			Arch:        t.Arch,
+			Description: t.Description,
+			Downloaded:  downloaded,
+			Enabled:     enabledSet[t.ID],
+			Downloading: downloading,
+			SizeBytes:   size,
+		})
+	}
+	for _, t := range kvm.GetImages() {
+		_, downloading := imageDownloads[t.ID]
+		downloaded, size := kvm.ImageDownloadedInfo(t.ID)
+		images = append(images, ImageInfo{
+			ID:          t.ID,
+			Name:        t.Name,
+			Type:        config.VirtualizationKVM,
 			Distro:      t.Distro,
 			Release:     t.Release,
 			Arch:        t.Arch,
@@ -134,9 +157,37 @@ func HandleImageDownload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	tmpl := lxc.FindTemplate(req.TemplateID)
 	if tmpl == nil {
+		image := kvm.FindImage(req.TemplateID)
+		if image == nil {
 			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Template not found"})
 			return
 		}
+		if ok, _ := kvm.ImageDownloadedInfo(image.ID); ok {
+			ensureImageEnabled(image.ID)
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "Already downloaded"})
+			return
+		}
+		imageDownloadsMu.Lock()
+		if imageDownloads[req.TemplateID] {
+			imageDownloadsMu.Unlock()
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusConflict, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Already downloading"})
+			return
+		}
+		imageDownloads[req.TemplateID] = true
+		imageDownloadsMu.Unlock()
+		defer func() {
+			imageDownloadsMu.Lock()
+			delete(imageDownloads, req.TemplateID)
+			imageDownloadsMu.Unlock()
+		}()
+		ensureImageEnabled(image.ID)
+		if err := kvm.DownloadImage(*image); err != nil {
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Download failed: " + err.Error()})
+			return
+		}
+		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "Downloaded successfully"})
+		return
+	}
 
 	// Already downloaded? Just enable if needed.
 	if isImageDownloaded(tmpl.Distro, tmpl.Release, tmpl.Arch) {
@@ -206,6 +257,15 @@ func HandleImageDelete(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	tmpl := lxc.FindTemplate(req.TemplateID)
 	if tmpl == nil {
+		if image := kvm.FindImage(req.TemplateID); image != nil {
+			if err := kvm.DeleteImage(image.ID); err != nil {
+				jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Failed to delete image cache: " + err.Error()})
+				return
+			}
+			removeImageEnabled(image.ID)
+			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusOK, APIResponse{Success: true, Message: "Deleted"})
+			return
+		}
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Template not found"})
 		return
 	}
@@ -259,13 +319,27 @@ func HandleEnabledImages(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	templates := lxc.GetTemplates()
+	runtime := runtimeFromRequest(r.URL.Query().Get("type"))
 	enabledSet := getEnabledImageSet()
 
-	result := make([]lxc.Template, 0)
+	result := make([]map[string]string, 0)
-	for _, t := range templates {
+	if runtime == config.VirtualizationKVM {
+		for _, t := range kvm.GetImages() {
+			if downloaded, _ := kvm.ImageDownloadedInfo(t.ID); enabledSet[t.ID] && downloaded {
+				result = append(result, map[string]string{
+					"id": t.ID, "name": t.Name, "distro": t.Distro, "release": t.Release, "arch": t.Arch,
+					"description": t.Description, "type": config.VirtualizationKVM,
+				})
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		for _, t := range lxc.GetTemplates() {
 			if enabledSet[t.ID] && isImageDownloaded(t.Distro, t.Release, t.Arch) {
-			result = append(result, t)
+				result = append(result, map[string]string{
+					"id": t.ID, "name": t.Name, "distro": t.Distro, "release": t.Release, "arch": t.Arch,
+					"variant": t.Variant, "description": t.Description, "type": config.VirtualizationLXC,
+				})
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -273,6 +347,20 @@ func HandleEnabledImages(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 }
 
 func isTemplateEnabledAndDownloaded(templateID string) bool {
+	return isImageEnabledAndDownloaded(templateID, runtimeFromTemplateID(templateID))
+}
+
+func isImageEnabledAndDownloaded(templateID string, runtime string) bool {
+	runtime = runtimeFromRequest(runtime)
+	if runtime == config.VirtualizationKVM {
+		image := kvm.FindImage(templateID)
+		if image == nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		enabledSet := getEnabledImageSet()
+		downloaded, _ := kvm.ImageDownloadedInfo(image.ID)
+		return enabledSet[image.ID] && downloaded
+	}
 	tmpl := lxc.FindTemplate(templateID)
 	if tmpl == nil {
 		return false
@@ -288,6 +376,9 @@ func ensureImageEnabled(id string) {
 		for _, t := range lxc.GetTemplates() {
 			config.AppConfig.EnabledImages = append(config.AppConfig.EnabledImages, t.ID)
 		}
+		for _, t := range kvm.GetImages() {
+			config.AppConfig.EnabledImages = append(config.AppConfig.EnabledImages, t.ID)
+		}
 		config.SaveConfig()
 		return // Already contains all IDs including this one
 	}
@@ -313,6 +404,11 @@ func removeImageEnabled(id string) {
 				config.AppConfig.EnabledImages = append(config.AppConfig.EnabledImages, t.ID)
 			}
 		}
+		for _, t := range kvm.GetImages() {
+			if t.ID != id {
+				config.AppConfig.EnabledImages = append(config.AppConfig.EnabledImages, t.ID)
+			}
+		}
 		config.SaveConfig()
 		return
 	}

backend/internal/api/ipv6.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ func HandleIPv6Status(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 }
 
 func assignIPv6(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int) {
-	c, err := lxcManager.AssignIPv6(id)
+	c, err := assignIPv6ByRuntime(id)
 	if err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return

backend/internal/api/runtime.go

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"clicd/internal/config"
+	"clicd/internal/kvm"
+	"clicd/internal/lxc"
+)
+
+var kvmManager = kvm.NewManager()
+
+func runtimeFromRequest(value string) string {
+	return config.NormalizeVirtualization(value)
+}
+
+func runtimeFromTemplateID(templateID string) string {
+	if kvm.FindImage(templateID) != nil {
+		return config.VirtualizationKVM
+	}
+	return config.VirtualizationLXC
+}
+
+func createByRuntime(cfg lxc.ContainerConfig) error {
+	cfg.Virtualization = runtimeFromRequest(cfg.Virtualization)
+	if cfg.Virtualization == config.VirtualizationKVM {
+		return kvmManager.CreateContainer(cfg)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.CreateContainer(cfg)
+}
+
+func startByRuntime(id int) error {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.StartContainer(id)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.StartContainer(id)
+}
+
+func stopByRuntime(id int) error {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.StopContainer(id)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.StopContainer(id)
+}
+
+func restartByRuntime(id int) error {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.RestartContainer(id)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.RestartContainer(id)
+}
+
+func destroyByRuntime(id int) error {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.DestroyContainer(id)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.DestroyContainer(id)
+}
+
+func reinstallByRuntime(id int, templateID string) error {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.ReinstallContainer(id, templateID)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.ReinstallContainer(id, templateID)
+}
+
+func resetPasswordByRuntime(id int) (string, error) {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.ResetSSHPassword(id)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.ResetSSHPassword(id)
+}
+
+func assignIPv6ByRuntime(id int) (*config.Container, error) {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.AssignIPv6(id)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.AssignIPv6(id)
+}
+
+func usageByRuntime(id int) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.GetResourceUsage(id)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.GetResourceUsage(id)
+}
+
+func trafficByRuntime(id int) map[string]interface{} {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.GetTrafficInfo(id)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.GetTrafficInfo(id)
+}
+
+func createSnapshotByRuntime(id int, createdBy string, scheduled bool, rotateLimit int) (config.Snapshot, error) {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.CreateSnapshot(id, createdBy, scheduled, rotateLimit)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.CreateSnapshot(id, createdBy, scheduled, rotateLimit)
+}
+
+func deleteSnapshotByRuntime(snapshotID string) error {
+	snapshot := config.FindSnapshot(snapshotID)
+	if snapshot != nil {
+		if c := config.FindContainer(snapshot.ContainerID); c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+			return kvmManager.DeleteSnapshot(snapshotID)
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(snapshot.Path, string(os.PathSeparator)+"kvm"+string(os.PathSeparator)) {
+			return kvmManager.DeleteSnapshot(snapshotID)
+		}
+	}
+	return lxcManager.DeleteSnapshot(snapshotID)
+}
+
+func restoreSnapshotByRuntime(snapshotID string) error {
+	snapshot := config.FindSnapshot(snapshotID)
+	if snapshot != nil {
+		if c := config.FindContainer(snapshot.ContainerID); c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+			return kvmManager.RestoreSnapshot(snapshotID)
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(snapshot.Path, string(os.PathSeparator)+"kvm"+string(os.PathSeparator)) {
+			return kvmManager.RestoreSnapshot(snapshotID)
+		}
+	}
+	return lxcManager.RestoreSnapshot(snapshotID)
+}
+
+func setSnapshotScheduleByRuntime(id int, enabled bool, intervalHours int, scheduleTime string, createdBy string) (*config.Container, error) {
+	c := config.FindContainer(id)
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.SetSnapshotSchedule(id, enabled, intervalHours, scheduleTime, createdBy)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.SetSnapshotSchedule(id, enabled, intervalHours, scheduleTime, createdBy)
+}
+
+func applyLimitsByRuntime(c *config.Container) error {
+	if c != nil && c.IsKVM() {
+		return kvmManager.ApplyContainerLimits(c)
+	}
+	return lxcManager.ApplyContainerLimits(c)
+}
+
+func listByRuntime() ([]config.Container, error) {
+	containers, err := lxcManager.ListContainers()
+	if err != nil {
+		containers = config.AppConfig.Containers
+	}
+	containers = kvmManager.ListContainers(containers)
+	return containers, err
+}
+
+func validateRuntimeResourceRequest(runtime string, vcpu float64, ramMB int, diskGB int) error {
+	if runtime == config.VirtualizationKVM {
+		if vcpu < 1 || math.Abs(vcpu-math.Round(vcpu)) > 0.000001 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("KVM vCPU must be a whole number and at least 1")
+		}
+	}
+	return validateContainerResourceRequest(vcpu, ramMB, diskGB)
+}

backend/internal/api/snapshots.go

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func createContainerSnapshot(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, containerID
 			return
 		}
 	}
-	snapshot, err := lxcManager.CreateSnapshot(containerID, user, false, 0)
+	snapshot, err := createSnapshotByRuntime(containerID, user, false, 0)
 	if err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func updateSnapshotSchedule(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, containerID
 		req.Time = "03:00"
 	}
 	user := requestUser(r)
-	c, err := lxcManager.SetSnapshotSchedule(containerID, req.Enabled, req.IntervalHours, req.Time, user)
+	c, err := setSnapshotScheduleByRuntime(containerID, req.Enabled, req.IntervalHours, req.Time, user)
 	if err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ func deleteContainerSnapshot(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, containerID
 		return
 	}
 	user := requestUser(r)
-	if err := lxcManager.DeleteSnapshot(snapshotID); err != nil {
+	if err := deleteSnapshotByRuntime(snapshotID); err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ func restoreContainerSnapshot(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, containerI
 		return
 	}
 	user := requestUser(r)
-	if err := lxcManager.RestoreSnapshot(snapshotID); err != nil {
+	if err := restoreSnapshotByRuntime(snapshotID); err != nil {
 		jsonResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: err.Error()})
 		return
 	}

backend/internal/api/ssh.go

@@ -101,16 +101,30 @@ func HandleWebSSH(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 	if c.IP == "" {
-		if ip, err := lxcManager.GetContainerIP(c.LxcName()); err == nil {
+		var ip string
+		var err error
+		if c.IsKVM() {
+			ip, err = kvmManager.GetContainerIP(c.VirshName())
+		} else {
+			ip, err = lxcManager.GetContainerIP(c.LxcName())
+		}
+		if err == nil {
 			c.IP = ip
 			config.SaveConfig()
 		}
 	}
-	if c.IP == "" {
+	if c.IP == "" && !c.IsKVM() {
 		if ip, err := lxcManager.EnsureContainerIPv4(c.ID); err == nil && ip != "" {
 			c.IP = ip
 		}
 	}
+	if c.IP == "" && c.IsKVM() {
+		if err := kvmManager.EnsureSSH(c.ID); err == nil {
+			if refreshed := config.FindContainer(c.ID); refreshed != nil {
+				c = refreshed
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	if c.IP == "" {
 		http.Error(w, "container ip is not available", http.StatusBadRequest)
 		return
@@ -127,6 +141,10 @@ func HandleWebSSH(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	defer ws.Close()
 
 	if c.SSHPassword == "" {
+		if c.IsKVM() {
+			writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, "\r\nKVM SSH password is not available. Reinstall or reset after SSH is ready.\r\n")
+			return
+		}
 		writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, "\r\nPreparing SSH service. This can take up to 90 seconds on first boot...\r\n")
 		if err := lxcManager.EnsureSSH(c.ID); err != nil {
 			writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, fmt.Sprintf("\r\nSSH auto setup failed: %v\r\n", err))
@@ -154,6 +172,28 @@ func HandleWebSSH(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, fmt.Sprintf("Connecting to %s...\r\n", addr))
 	client, err := ssh.Dial("tcp", addr, sshConfig)
 	if err != nil {
+		if c.IsKVM() {
+			writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, "\r\nSSH is not ready yet, preparing KVM guest service. This can take a few minutes on first boot...\r\n")
+			if setupErr := kvmManager.EnsureSSH(c.ID); setupErr != nil {
+				writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, fmt.Sprintf("\r\nKVM SSH auto setup failed: %v\r\n", setupErr))
+				return
+			}
+			if refreshed := config.FindContainer(c.ID); refreshed != nil {
+				c = refreshed
+			}
+			if ip, ipErr := kvmManager.GetContainerIP(c.VirshName()); ipErr == nil && ip != "" {
+				c.IP = ip
+				config.SaveConfig()
+				addr = net.JoinHostPort(c.IP, "22")
+			}
+			sshConfig.Auth = []ssh.AuthMethod{ssh.Password(c.SSHPassword)}
+			sshConfig.Timeout = 10 * time.Second
+			client, err = ssh.Dial("tcp", addr, sshConfig)
+			if err != nil {
+				writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, fmt.Sprintf("\r\nWebSSH connection failed: %v\r\n", err))
+				return
+			}
+		} else {
 			writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, "\r\nSSH is not ready yet, preparing service. This can take up to 90 seconds on first boot...\r\n")
 			if setupErr := lxcManager.EnsureSSH(c.ID); setupErr != nil {
 				writeWebSocketText(ws, nil, fmt.Sprintf("\r\nSSH auto setup failed: %v\r\n", setupErr))
@@ -175,6 +215,7 @@ func HandleWebSSH(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 				return
 			}
 		}
+	}
 	defer client.Close()
 
 	session, err := client.NewSession()

backend/internal/api/taskqueue.go

@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) createWorker() {
 		c := config.FindContainerByName(task.Config.Name)
 		if c == nil {
 			// 1) Download image + apply limits (lxc-create)
-			err := lxcManager.CreateContainer(task.Config)
+			err := createByRuntime(task.Config)
 			if err != nil {
 				task.Status = "failed"
 				task.Error = err.Error()
@@ -256,10 +256,10 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) createWorker() {
 
 		// 3) Start + initialize SSH/network in the same worker.
 		//    If init fails, destroy the container so no dead entry remains.
-		startErr := lxcManager.StartContainer(c.ID)
+		startErr := startByRuntime(c.ID)
 		if startErr != nil {
 			if createdByTask {
-				lxcManager.DestroyContainer(c.ID)
+				_ = destroyByRuntime(c.ID)
 			}
 			task.Status = "failed"
 			task.Error = startErr.Error()
@@ -304,13 +304,13 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) opWorker() {
 		if err == nil {
 			switch task.Type {
 			case TaskStart:
-				err = lxcManager.StartContainer(task.ContainerID)
+				err = startByRuntime(task.ContainerID)
 			case TaskStop:
-				err = lxcManager.StopContainer(task.ContainerID)
+				err = stopByRuntime(task.ContainerID)
 			case TaskRestart:
-				err = lxcManager.RestartContainer(task.ContainerID)
+				err = restartByRuntime(task.ContainerID)
 			case TaskDelete:
-				err = lxcManager.DestroyContainer(task.ContainerID)
+				err = destroyByRuntime(task.ContainerID)
 				if err == nil {
 					time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
 					if config.FindContainer(task.ContainerID) != nil {
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ func (q *TaskQueue) opWorker() {
 					}
 				}
 			case TaskReinstall:
-				err = lxcManager.ReinstallContainer(task.ContainerID, task.TemplateID)
+				err = reinstallByRuntime(task.ContainerID, task.TemplateID)
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -456,7 +456,11 @@ func HandleSingleTaskAction(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int, acti
 				templateID = c.Template
 			}
 		}
-		if !isTemplateEnabledAndDownloaded(templateID) {
+		runtime := runtimeFromTemplateID(templateID)
+		if c := config.FindContainer(id); c != nil {
+			runtime = c.Runtime()
+		}
+		if !isImageEnabledAndDownloaded(templateID, runtime) {
 			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: "Template is not enabled or downloaded"})
 			return
 		}
@@ -516,13 +520,14 @@ func HandleBatchCreate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if req.Containers[i].VCPU <= 0 {
 			req.Containers[i].VCPU = 1
 		}
+		req.Containers[i].Virtualization = runtimeFromRequest(req.Containers[i].Virtualization)
 		if req.Containers[i].RAMMB < 128 {
 			req.Containers[i].RAMMB = 512
 		}
 		if req.Containers[i].DiskGB < 1 {
 			req.Containers[i].DiskGB = 5
 		}
-		if !isTemplateEnabledAndDownloaded(req.Containers[i].TemplateID) {
+		if !isImageEnabledAndDownloaded(req.Containers[i].TemplateID, req.Containers[i].Virtualization) {
 			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusForbidden, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: name + ": template is not enabled or downloaded"})
 			return
 		}
@@ -532,7 +537,7 @@ func HandleBatchCreate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if req.Containers[i].SnapshotLimit <= 0 {
 			req.Containers[i].SnapshotLimit = config.DefaultSnapshotLimit
 		}
-		if err := validateContainerResourceRequest(req.Containers[i].VCPU, req.Containers[i].RAMMB, req.Containers[i].DiskGB); err != nil {
+		if err := validateRuntimeResourceRequest(req.Containers[i].Virtualization, req.Containers[i].VCPU, req.Containers[i].RAMMB, req.Containers[i].DiskGB); err != nil {
 			jsonResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, APIResponse{Success: false, Message: name + ": " + err.Error()})
 			return
 		}

backend/internal/config/config.go

@@ -73,7 +73,11 @@ type Container struct {
 	ID                            int           `json:"id"`
 	UUID                          string        `json:"uuid"`
 	Name                          string        `json:"name"`
+	Virtualization                string        `json:"virtualization,omitempty"`
 	LXCName                       string        `json:"lxc_name,omitempty"`
+	KVMName                       string        `json:"kvm_name,omitempty"`
+	DiskImage                     string        `json:"disk_image,omitempty"`
+	MACAddress                    string        `json:"mac_address,omitempty"`
 	Template                      string        `json:"template"`
 	VCPU                          float64       `json:"vcpu"`
 	RAMMB                         int           `json:"ram_mb"`
@@ -109,6 +113,28 @@ type Container struct {
 	SnapshotScheduleCreatedBy     string        `json:"snapshot_schedule_created_by"`
 }
 
+const (
+	VirtualizationLXC = "lxc"
+	VirtualizationKVM = "kvm"
+)
+
+func NormalizeVirtualization(value string) string {
+	switch strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(value)) {
+	case VirtualizationKVM:
+		return VirtualizationKVM
+	default:
+		return VirtualizationLXC
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Container) Runtime() string {
+	return NormalizeVirtualization(c.Virtualization)
+}
+
+func (c *Container) IsKVM() bool {
+	return c.Runtime() == VirtualizationKVM
+}
+
 // LxcName returns the internal LXC container name (ct-{id})
 func (c *Container) LxcName() string {
 	if c.LXCName != "" {
@@ -117,6 +143,14 @@ func (c *Container) LxcName() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("ct-%d", c.ID)
 }
 
+// VirshName returns the internal libvirt domain name for KVM instances.
+func (c *Container) VirshName() string {
+	if c.KVMName != "" {
+		return c.KVMName
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("vm-%d", c.ID)
+}
+
 // SubUser represents a sub-user with access to specific containers
 type ApiKeyConfig struct {
 	ID          string `json:"id"`
@@ -343,6 +377,9 @@ func InitConfig() (*ClicdConfig, error) {
 		AppConfig.Oversell.SubUserSnapshotLimit = 3
 	}
 	changed := ensureContainerUUIDs()
+	if ensureContainerVirtualization() {
+		changed = true
+	}
 	if ensureContainerPortMappingLimits() {
 		changed = true
 	}
@@ -367,6 +404,18 @@ func InitConfig() (*ClicdConfig, error) {
 	return AppConfig, nil
 }
 
+func ensureContainerVirtualization() bool {
+	changed := false
+	for i := range AppConfig.Containers {
+		next := NormalizeVirtualization(AppConfig.Containers[i].Virtualization)
+		if AppConfig.Containers[i].Virtualization != next {
+			AppConfig.Containers[i].Virtualization = next
+			changed = true
+		}
+	}
+	return changed
+}
+
 func ensureContainerSnapshotScheduleDefaults() bool {
 	changed := false
 	for i := range AppConfig.Containers {
@@ -519,6 +568,7 @@ func AddContainer(c Container) {
 	if c.UUID == "" {
 		c.UUID = NewContainerUUID()
 	}
+	c.Virtualization = NormalizeVirtualization(c.Virtualization)
 	AppConfig.Containers = append(AppConfig.Containers, c)
 	SaveConfig()
 }
@@ -792,6 +842,19 @@ func CleanStaleContainers() {
 	valid := make([]Container, 0)
 	changed := false
 	for _, c := range AppConfig.Containers {
+		if c.IsKVM() {
+			if c.DiskImage == "" {
+				valid = append(valid, c)
+				continue
+			}
+			if _, err := os.Stat(c.DiskImage); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				fmt.Printf("Cleaning stale KVM config: %s (disk image not found)\n", c.VirshName())
+				changed = true
+				continue
+			}
+			valid = append(valid, c)
+			continue
+		}
 		lxcDir := "/var/lib/lxc/" + c.LxcName()
 		if _, err := os.Stat(lxcDir); os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			fmt.Printf("Cleaning stale container config: %s (LXC dir not found)\n", c.LxcName())

backend/internal/kvm/templates.go

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package kvm
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+)
+
+type Image struct {
+	ID          string `json:"id"`
+	Name        string `json:"name"`
+	Distro      string `json:"distro"`
+	Release     string `json:"release"`
+	Arch        string `json:"arch"`
+	Description string `json:"description"`
+	URL         string `json:"url"`
+}
+
+func GetImages() []Image {
+	return []Image{
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-ubuntu-noble", Name: "Ubuntu 24.04 KVM",
+			Distro: "ubuntu", Release: "noble", Arch: "amd64",
+			Description: "Ubuntu 24.04 LTS cloud image for KVM",
+			URL:         "https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/noble/current/noble-server-cloudimg-amd64.img",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-ubuntu-jammy", Name: "Ubuntu 22.04 KVM",
+			Distro: "ubuntu", Release: "jammy", Arch: "amd64",
+			Description: "Ubuntu 22.04 LTS cloud image for KVM",
+			URL:         "https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/jammy/current/jammy-server-cloudimg-amd64.img",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-debian-bookworm", Name: "Debian 12 KVM",
+			Distro: "debian", Release: "bookworm", Arch: "amd64",
+			Description: "Debian 12 generic cloud image for KVM",
+			URL:         "https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/bookworm/latest/debian-12-genericcloud-amd64.qcow2",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-debian-bullseye", Name: "Debian 11 KVM",
+			Distro: "debian", Release: "bullseye", Arch: "amd64",
+			Description: "Debian 11 generic cloud image for KVM",
+			URL:         "https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/bullseye/latest/debian-11-genericcloud-amd64.qcow2",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-rockylinux-9", Name: "Rocky Linux 9 KVM",
+			Distro: "rockylinux", Release: "9", Arch: "amd64",
+			Description: "Rocky Linux 9 GenericCloud image for KVM",
+			URL:         "https://dl.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/9/images/x86_64/Rocky-9-GenericCloud-Base.latest.x86_64.qcow2",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-centos-9-stream", Name: "CentOS Stream 9 KVM",
+			Distro: "centos", Release: "9-stream", Arch: "amd64",
+			Description: "CentOS Stream 9 GenericCloud image for KVM",
+			URL:         "https://cloud.centos.org/centos/9-stream/x86_64/images/CentOS-Stream-GenericCloud-9-latest.x86_64.qcow2",
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "kvm-alpine-3.23", Name: "Alpine 3.23 KVM",
+			Distro: "alpine", Release: "3.23", Arch: "amd64",
+			Description: "Alpine Linux 3.23 NoCloud cloud-init image for KVM",
+			URL:         "https://dev.alpinelinux.org/~tomalok/alpine-cloud-images/v3.23/nocloud/x86_64/nocloud_alpine-3.23.4-x86_64-bios-cloudinit-r0.qcow2",
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func FindImage(id string) *Image {
+	for _, image := range GetImages() {
+		if image.ID == id {
+			return &image
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func CacheDir() string {
+	return filepath.Join(BaseDir(), "images")
+}
+
+func ImagePath(id string) string {
+	return filepath.Join(CacheDir(), id+".qcow2")
+}

backend/internal/lxc/expiry.go

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ func IsExpired(c config.Container) bool {
 // StopExpiredContainers stops running containers whose expiration date has passed.
 func (m *Manager) StopExpiredContainers(now time.Time) {
 	for _, container := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
-		if !isContainerExpired(container, now) {
+		if container.IsKVM() || !isContainerExpired(container, now) {
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func (m *Manager) StopTrafficExceededContainers(now time.Time) {
 	saved := false
 	for i := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
 		c := &config.AppConfig.Containers[i]
-		if c.Status != "running" {
+		if c.IsKVM() || c.Status != "running" {
 			continue
 		}
 

backend/internal/lxc/lxc.go

@@ -73,6 +73,9 @@ func (m *Manager) WarmRunningContainersSSH() {
 	containers := append([]config.Container(nil), config.AppConfig.Containers...)
 	for _, container := range containers {
 		c := container
+		if c.IsKVM() {
+			continue
+		}
 		status, err := m.GetContainerStatus(c.LxcName())
 		if err != nil || status != "running" {
 			continue
@@ -102,6 +105,11 @@ func (m *Manager) updateAllRates() {
 
 	for i := range config.AppConfig.Containers {
 		c := &config.AppConfig.Containers[i]
+		if c.IsKVM() {
+			delete(lastUsage, c.VirshName())
+			delete(rateCache, c.VirshName())
+			continue
+		}
 		if c.Status != "running" {
 			delete(lastUsage, c.LxcName())
 			delete(rateCache, c.LxcName())
@@ -211,6 +219,7 @@ func NewManager() *Manager {
 // ContainerConfig defines container creation parameters
 type ContainerConfig struct {
 	Name             string  `json:"name"`
+	Virtualization   string  `json:"virtualization,omitempty"`
 	TemplateID       string  `json:"template_id"`
 	VCPU             float64 `json:"vcpu"`
 	CPUPercent       int     `json:"cpu_percent"`
@@ -345,6 +354,7 @@ func (m *Manager) CreateContainer(cfg ContainerConfig) error {
 		ID:               id,
 		UUID:             config.NewContainerUUID(),
 		Name:             cfg.Name,
+		Virtualization:   config.VirtualizationLXC,
 		Template:         cfg.TemplateID,
 		VCPU:             cfg.VCPU,
 		RAMMB:            cfg.RAMMB,
@@ -1986,6 +1996,9 @@ func (m *Manager) GetContainerIP(lxcName string) (string, error) {
 func (m *Manager) ListContainers() ([]config.Container, error) {
 	containers := config.AppConfig.Containers
 	for i := range containers {
+		if containers[i].IsKVM() {
+			continue
+		}
 		status, err := m.GetContainerStatus(containers[i].LxcName())
 		if err == nil {
 			containers[i].Status = status
@@ -2061,6 +2074,7 @@ func (m *Manager) ImportExistingClicdContainers() ([]config.Container, error) {
 			UUID:             config.NewContainerUUID(),
 			Name:             name,
 			LXCName:          lxcName,
+			Virtualization:   config.VirtualizationLXC,
 			Template:         "imported",
 			VCPU:             1,
 			RAMMB:            512,
@@ -2579,6 +2593,9 @@ func (m *Manager) AccumulateTraffic() {
 			delete(lastTrafficSnapshot, c.LxcName())
 			continue
 		}
+		if c.IsKVM() {
+			continue
+		}
 		// Reset if new month
 		if c.TrafficResetDate != currentMonth {
 			c.TrafficUsedRX = 0

backend/internal/lxc/portmap.go

@@ -18,8 +18,14 @@ func (m *Manager) ApplyPortMappings(id int) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("container has no IP")
 	}
 	tag := clicdTag(id)
+	bridge := "lxcbr0"
+	subnet := "10.0.3.0/24"
+	if c.IsKVM() {
+		bridge = "virbr0"
+		subnet = "192.168.122.0/24"
+	}
 
-	EnsureForwardRules()
+	EnsureForwardRules(bridge)
 	m.CleanPortMappings(id)
 
 	for _, pm := range c.PortMappings {
@@ -41,8 +47,8 @@ func (m *Manager) ApplyPortMappings(id int) error {
 		fmt.Printf("Port mapping: host:%d -> %s:%d\n", pm.HostPort, c.IP, pm.ContainerPort)
 	}
 
-	if exec.Command("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-C", "POSTROUTING", "-s", "10.0.3.0/24", "-o", "eth+", "-j", "MASQUERADE").Run() != nil {
+	if exec.Command("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-C", "POSTROUTING", "-s", subnet, "-o", "eth+", "-j", "MASQUERADE").Run() != nil {
-		exec.Command("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-I", "POSTROUTING", "1", "-s", "10.0.3.0/24", "-o", "eth+", "-j", "MASQUERADE").Run()
+		exec.Command("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-I", "POSTROUTING", "1", "-s", subnet, "-o", "eth+", "-j", "MASQUERADE").Run()
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -50,19 +56,26 @@ func (m *Manager) ApplyPortMappings(id int) error {
 
 func clicdTag(id int) string { return "c" + strconv.Itoa(id) }
 
-// EnsureForwardRules makes sure iptables FORWARD chain allows LXC bridge traffic
+// EnsureForwardRules makes sure iptables FORWARD chain allows bridge traffic.
-func EnsureForwardRules() {
+func EnsureForwardRules(bridge string) {
+	if bridge == "" {
+		bridge = "lxcbr0"
+	}
 	rules := [][]string{
-		{"-A", "FORWARD", "-i", "lxcbr0", "-j", "ACCEPT"},
+		{"-i", bridge, "-j", "ACCEPT"},
-		{"-A", "FORWARD", "-o", "lxcbr0", "-j", "ACCEPT"},
+		{"-o", bridge, "-j", "ACCEPT"},
-		{"-A", "FORWARD", "-i", "lxcbr0", "-o", "lxcbr0", "-j", "ACCEPT"},
+		{"-i", bridge, "-o", bridge, "-j", "ACCEPT"},
 	}
 	for _, args := range rules {
-		checkArgs := append([]string{"-C", "FORWARD"}, args[2:]...)
+		for {
-		if exec.Command("iptables", checkArgs...).Run() != nil {
+			deleteArgs := append([]string{"-D", "FORWARD"}, args...)
-			exec.Command("iptables", args...).Run()
+			if exec.Command("iptables", deleteArgs...).Run() != nil {
+				break
 			}
 		}
+		insertArgs := append([]string{"-I", "FORWARD", "1"}, args...)
+		exec.Command("iptables", insertArgs...).Run()
+	}
 }
 
 // CleanPortMappings removes all iptables rules for a container

backend/internal/lxc/snapshot.go

@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ func (m *Manager) runDueSnapshotSchedules() {
 	now := time.Now()
 	containers := append([]config.Container(nil), config.AppConfig.Containers...)
 	for _, c := range containers {
-		if !c.SnapshotScheduleEnabled {
+		if c.IsKVM() || !c.SnapshotScheduleEnabled {
 			continue
 		}
 		nextRun, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, c.SnapshotScheduleNextRun)

backend/internal/server/web/.gitkeep

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+

backend/main.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"clicd/internal/api"
 	"clicd/internal/cli"
 	"clicd/internal/config"
+	"clicd/internal/kvm"
 	"clicd/internal/lxc"
 	"clicd/internal/server"
 
@@ -50,18 +51,23 @@ func main() {
 		// Start security scanner
 		api.InitScanner()
 
-		// Ensure iptables FORWARD rules allow LXC traffic
+		// Ensure iptables FORWARD rules allow managed bridge traffic.
-		lxc.EnsureForwardRules()
+		lxc.EnsureForwardRules("lxcbr0")
+		lxc.EnsureForwardRules("virbr0")
 
-		// Start expiry scanner (stops expired containers every 30s)
+		// Start expiry scanners (stops expired/over-traffic workloads every 30s)
 		manager := lxc.NewManager()
+		kvmManager := kvm.NewManager()
 		manager.StartExpiryScanner()
+		kvmManager.StartExpiryScanner()
 
-		// Start usage monitor (computes CPU/network/disk rates every 5s)
+		// Start usage monitors (computes CPU/network/disk rates every 5s)
 		manager.StartUsageMonitor()
+		kvmManager.StartUsageMonitor()
 
-		// Start scheduled snapshot scanner.
+		// Start scheduled snapshot scanners.
 		manager.StartSnapshotScheduler()
+		kvmManager.StartSnapshotScheduler()
 
 		// Clean up stale container configs (LXC dir was deleted but config remains)
 		config.CleanStaleContainers()

frontend/src/components/CreateContainerModal.tsx

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ interface CreateContainerModalProps {
 
 const defaultForm: CreateContainerRequest = {
   name: '',
+  virtualization: 'lxc',
   template_id: '',
   vcpu: 1,
   cpu_percent: 100,
@@ -43,13 +44,11 @@ export default function CreateContainerModal({ isOpen, onClose, onSuccess, exist
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!isOpen) return
 
-    getEnabledImages()
+    getEnabledImages(form.virtualization)
       .then((res) => {
         const data = res.data.data || []
         setTemplates(data)
-        if (data.length > 0) {
+        setForm((prev) => ({ ...prev, template_id: data.some((item) => item.id === prev.template_id) ? prev.template_id : (data[0]?.id || '') }))
-          setForm((prev) => ({ ...prev, template_id: prev.template_id || data[0].id }))
-        }
       })
       .catch(console.error)
 
@@ -69,13 +68,14 @@ export default function CreateContainerModal({ isOpen, onClose, onSuccess, exist
     getHostInfo()
       .then((res) => setHostInfo(res.data.data || null))
       .catch(() => setHostInfo(null))
-  }, [isOpen])
+  }, [isOpen, form.virtualization])
 
   const ipv6Available = !!ipv6Status?.available
   const ipv6Prefix = ipv6Status?.prefixes?.[0]?.prefix || ''
   const maxVCPU = hostInfo?.cpu.cores || 64
   const maxRAMMB = hostInfo?.ram.total_mb ? Number(hostInfo.ram.total_mb) : undefined
   const maxDiskGB = hostInfo?.disk.total_gb ? Math.max(1, Math.floor(hostInfo.disk.total_gb)) : undefined
+  const resourceErrors = validateResourceInputs(form, maxVCPU, maxRAMMB, maxDiskGB)
 
   const autoPorts = useMemo(() => {
     const count = Math.max(2, form.port_mapping_count)
@@ -119,7 +119,12 @@ export default function CreateContainerModal({ isOpen, onClose, onSuccess, exist
       return
     }
 
-    const boundedForm = clampCreateForm(form, maxVCPU, maxRAMMB, maxDiskGB)
+    if (Object.keys(resourceErrors).length > 0) {
+      dialog.alert('资源配置有误', '请按红色提示修改 vCPU、内存或磁盘配置')
+      return
+    }
+
+    const boundedForm = normalizeCreateForm(form)
 
     // Build batch of containers
     const containers: CreateContainerRequest[] = []
@@ -181,10 +186,29 @@ export default function CreateContainerModal({ isOpen, onClose, onSuccess, exist
           </div>
           {batchCount > 1 && <p className="text-xs text-gray-400">将创建 {batchCount} 个容器：{form.name}-{batchStartIndex} 至 {form.name}-{batchStartIndex + batchCount - 1}</p>}
 
+          <Field label="虚拟化架构">
+            <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-2">
+              <button
+                type="button"
+                onClick={() => setForm((prev) => ({ ...prev, virtualization: 'lxc', template_id: '' }))}
+                className={`rounded-md border px-3 py-2 text-sm font-medium transition-colors ${form.virtualization === 'lxc' ? 'border-black bg-black text-white' : 'border-gray-300 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-50'}`}
+              >
+                LXC 容器
+              </button>
+              <button
+                type="button"
+                onClick={() => setForm((prev) => ({ ...prev, virtualization: 'kvm', template_id: '' }))}
+                className={`rounded-md border px-3 py-2 text-sm font-medium transition-colors ${form.virtualization === 'kvm' ? 'border-black bg-black text-white' : 'border-gray-300 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-50'}`}
+              >
+                KVM 虚拟机
+              </button>
+            </div>
+          </Field>
+
           <Field label="系统模板">
             {templates.length === 0 ? (
               <div className="text-sm text-amber-600 bg-amber-50 border border-amber-200 rounded-md px-3 py-2">
-                暂无可用的系统镜像，请先在「镜像管理」中下载镜像模板。
+                暂无可用的{form.virtualization === 'kvm' ? ' KVM' : ' LXC'}系统镜像，请先在「镜像管理」中下载镜像模板。
               </div>
             ) : (
             <select
@@ -219,16 +243,39 @@ export default function CreateContainerModal({ isOpen, onClose, onSuccess, exist
 
           <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-4">
             <Field label="vCPU">
-              <NumberInput value={form.vcpu} min={0.25} max={maxVCPU} step={0.25} onChange={(value) => setForm({ ...form, vcpu: clampVCPU(value, maxVCPU) })} />
+              <NumberInput
+                value={form.vcpu}
+                min={form.virtualization === 'kvm' ? 1 : 0.25}
+                max={maxVCPU}
+                step={form.virtualization === 'kvm' ? 1 : 0.25}
+                invalid={!!resourceErrors.vcpu}
+                onChange={(value) => setForm({ ...form, vcpu: value })}
+              />
+              {resourceErrors.vcpu && <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-red-500">{resourceErrors.vcpu}</p>}
             </Field>
             <Field label="内存 (MB)">
-              <NumberInput value={form.ram_mb} min={128} max={maxRAMMB} step={128} onChange={(value) => setForm({ ...form, ram_mb: clampInt(value, 128, maxRAMMB, 512) })} />
+              <NumberInput
+                value={form.ram_mb}
+                min={128}
+                max={maxRAMMB}
+                step={128}
+                invalid={!!resourceErrors.ram_mb}
+                onChange={(value) => setForm({ ...form, ram_mb: value })}
+              />
+              {resourceErrors.ram_mb && <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-red-500">{resourceErrors.ram_mb}</p>}
             </Field>
           </div>
 
           <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-3">
             <Field label="磁盘 (GB)">
-              <NumberInput value={form.disk_gb} min={1} max={maxDiskGB} onChange={(value) => setForm({ ...form, disk_gb: clampInt(value, 1, maxDiskGB, 10) })} />
+              <NumberInput
+                value={form.disk_gb}
+                min={1}
+                max={maxDiskGB}
+                invalid={!!resourceErrors.disk_gb}
+                onChange={(value) => setForm({ ...form, disk_gb: value })}
+              />
+              {resourceErrors.disk_gb && <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-red-500">{resourceErrors.disk_gb}</p>}
             </Field>
             <Field label="带宽 (Mbps)">
               <NumberInput value={form.network_bw_mbps} min={0} onChange={(value) => setForm({ ...form, network_bw_mbps: value })} />
@@ -342,44 +389,96 @@ function NumberInput({
   min,
   max,
   step,
+  invalid,
   onChange,
 }: {
   value: number
   min?: number
   max?: number
   step?: number
+  invalid?: boolean
   onChange: (value: number) => void
 }) {
+  const [draft, setDraft] = useState(Number.isFinite(value) ? String(value) : '')
+  const [focused, setFocused] = useState(false)
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!focused) {
+      setDraft(Number.isFinite(value) ? String(value) : '')
+    }
+  }, [focused, value])
+
   return (
     <input
-      type="number"
+      type="text"
-      value={value}
+      inputMode={step && !Number.isInteger(step) ? 'decimal' : 'numeric'}
-      min={min}
+      value={draft}
-      max={max}
+      onFocus={() => setFocused(true)}
-      step={step}
+      onBlur={() => {
+        setFocused(false)
+        setDraft(Number.isFinite(value) ? String(value) : '')
+      }}
       onChange={(event) => {
         const raw = event.target.value
-        const value = step && !Number.isInteger(step) ? parseFloat(raw) : parseInt(raw, 10)
+        setDraft(raw)
-        onChange(value)
+        const next = step && !Number.isInteger(step) ? parseFloat(raw) : parseInt(raw, 10)
+        onChange(next)
       }}
-      className={inputClass}
+      aria-invalid={invalid || undefined}
+      data-min={min}
+      data-max={max}
+      data-step={step}
+      className={`${inputClass} ${invalid ? 'border-red-400 focus:border-red-400 focus:ring-red-400' : ''}`}
     />
   )
 }
 
-function clampCreateForm(form: CreateContainerRequest, maxVCPU: number, maxRAMMB?: number, maxDiskGB?: number): CreateContainerRequest {
+function validateResourceInputs(form: CreateContainerRequest, maxVCPU: number, maxRAMMB?: number, maxDiskGB?: number) {
+  const errors: Partial<Record<'vcpu' | 'ram_mb' | 'disk_gb', string>> = {}
+  const minVCPU = form.virtualization === 'kvm' ? 1 : 0.25
+
+  if (!Number.isFinite(form.vcpu)) {
+    errors.vcpu = '请输入 vCPU'
+  } else if (form.vcpu < minVCPU) {
+    errors.vcpu = `不能小于 ${minVCPU} 核`
+  } else if (form.vcpu > maxVCPU) {
+    errors.vcpu = `不能大于 ${maxVCPU} 核`
+  } else if (form.virtualization === 'kvm' && form.vcpu !== Math.round(form.vcpu)) {
+    errors.vcpu = 'KVM vCPU 必须是整数'
+  }
+
+  if (!Number.isFinite(form.ram_mb)) {
+    errors.ram_mb = '请输入内存'
+  } else if (form.ram_mb < 128) {
+    errors.ram_mb = '不能小于 128 MB'
+  } else if (maxRAMMB && form.ram_mb > maxRAMMB) {
+    errors.ram_mb = `不能大于 ${maxRAMMB} MB`
+  }
+
+  if (!Number.isFinite(form.disk_gb)) {
+    errors.disk_gb = '请输入磁盘'
+  } else if (form.disk_gb < 1) {
+    errors.disk_gb = '不能小于 1 GB'
+  } else if (maxDiskGB && form.disk_gb > maxDiskGB) {
+    errors.disk_gb = `不能大于 ${maxDiskGB} GB`
+  }
+
+  return errors
+}
+
+function normalizeCreateForm(form: CreateContainerRequest): CreateContainerRequest {
   return {
     ...form,
-    vcpu: clampVCPU(form.vcpu, maxVCPU),
+    vcpu: form.virtualization === 'kvm' ? Math.round(form.vcpu) : normalizeLXCvCPU(form.vcpu),
-    ram_mb: clampInt(form.ram_mb, 128, maxRAMMB, 512),
+    ram_mb: Math.round(form.ram_mb),
-    disk_gb: clampInt(form.disk_gb, 1, maxDiskGB, 10),
+    disk_gb: Math.round(form.disk_gb),
     snapshot_limit: clampInt(form.snapshot_limit, 1, undefined, 3),
   }
 }
 
-function clampVCPU(value: number, max: number) {
+function normalizeLXCvCPU(value: number) {
   const rounded = Math.round((Number.isFinite(value) ? value : 1) * 4) / 4
-  return Number(Math.min(Math.max(rounded, 0.25), max).toFixed(2))
+  return Number(rounded.toFixed(2))
 }
 
 function clampInt(value: number, min: number, max?: number, fallback = min) {

frontend/src/pages/ContainerDetail.tsx

@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ export default function ContainerDetail() {
 
   const openReinstall = async () => {
     try {
-      const res = await getEnabledImages()
+      const res = await getEnabledImages(container?.virtualization || 'lxc')
       if (res.data.data) {
         setTemplates(res.data.data)
         setSelectedTemplate(res.data.data[0]?.id || '')
@@ -728,6 +728,7 @@ export default function ContainerDetail() {
               </div>
               <div className="flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap mt-2">
                 <InfoTag color="blue">系统 {container.template}</InfoTag>
+                <InfoTag color="slate">类型 {(container.virtualization || 'lxc').toUpperCase()}</InfoTag>
                 <InfoTag color="emerald">内网 {container.ip || '-'}</InfoTag>
                 <InfoTag color="amber">NAT {mappingCount} 条</InfoTag>
                 <InfoTag color="violet">{publicHost}:{container.ssh_port}</InfoTag>
@@ -1395,12 +1396,13 @@ function StatusBadge({ running }: { running: boolean }) {
   )
 }
 
-function InfoTag({ color, children }: { color: 'blue' | 'emerald' | 'amber' | 'violet'; children: ReactNode }) {
+function InfoTag({ color, children }: { color: 'blue' | 'emerald' | 'amber' | 'violet' | 'slate'; children: ReactNode }) {
   const classes = {
     blue: 'bg-blue-50 text-blue-700 border-blue-100',
     emerald: 'bg-emerald-50 text-emerald-700 border-emerald-100',
     amber: 'bg-amber-50 text-amber-700 border-amber-100',
     violet: 'bg-violet-50 text-violet-700 border-violet-100',
+    slate: 'bg-slate-50 text-slate-700 border-slate-100',
   }
   return <span className={`px-1.5 py-0.5 border rounded text-[11px] whitespace-nowrap ${classes[color]}`}>{children}</span>
 }
@@ -1804,6 +1806,7 @@ function TrafficBar({ container }: { container: Container }) {
 
 function getTemplateIcon(id: string): ReactNode {
   const size = 'w-6 h-6'
+  id = id.startsWith('kvm-') ? id.slice(4) : id
   if (id.startsWith('debian')) return <svg className={size} viewBox="0 0 1024 1024"><path d="M935.473 375.359a558.602 558.602 0 0 0-22.351-114.655l13.308 4.436c-35.66-81.385-90.086-163.623-153.556-199.282-8.701-5.118-35.147 4.948-26.616-12.113s-37.536-8.19-56.816-4.778c-26.275 4.266-30.028-29.175-75.071-35.83-25.593-3.582-32.247 18.427-44.702 13.309-23.545-9.384-20.816-27.64-57.669-9.384-18.427 9.042 11.602-26.105-49.138-4.607L457.744 0C349.23 41.63 318.69 76.266 288.15 79.337c-6.996 0-34.124 32.759-53.574 53.062-17.062 17.062-26.275 36.512-49.138 39.583l-17.062 70.636A136.494 136.494 0 0 0 119.41 339.7a66.711 66.711 0 0 1 4.436-52.892c-17.062 6.825-45.896 17.062-29.687 96.91 12.796 63.13-5.29 135.13 10.066 204.742 4.777 20.986 0 40.095 6.142 51.185 107.66 235.794 208.836 392.08 472.44 384.06l4.436-8.872c-28.152-6.825-55.11-17.062-111.584-30.711-18.597-4.436-23.033-34.124-40.265-44.19-9.384-5.46-28.323-4.095-37.195-9.896s4.266-21.668-19.962-14.332c-8.531 2.56-13.82-10.92-20.133-17.061s0-23.716-23.375-24.74-18.426-29.687-19.791-44.702c-12.114 1.536-1.195-1.535-13.308 4.436a63.64 63.64 0 0 1-23.887-31.735c-10.237-48.967-10.578-21.497-15.014-32.417a322.297 322.297 0 0 0-19.28-42.142l26.787 8.872h4.436l4.436-13.309-26.616-8.701h31.223c-7.678 13.99 2.047 5.29-13.479 8.872v13.308l22.35-8.872v-13.308c-20.644-10.237-28.663-13.308-49.137-22.01l9.043 8.872v4.436h-49.138c-22.01-14.843-13.99-31.734-17.915-53.062 17.062 0 9.213 6.655 17.062-13.137l-17.062 8.872 13.308-33.953-13.308 13.138c-29.176-38.73-16.209-97.764-11.943-152.02A180.684 180.684 0 0 1 211.2 372.97c8.872-10.067 5.119-25.251 5.46-37.195l31.223-26.445H265.8c7.678 17.061 4.777 5.46 0 22.01l8.872 4.435c7.166-8.701 6.142-5.971 8.872-22.01-10.066-10.578-6.995-9.895-26.616-13.308A119.432 119.432 0 0 1 368.51 243.13l4.436-13.308-17.915 9.043-4.436-13.138a109.536 109.536 0 0 1 76.095-27.128c6.313 0 6.996-17.062 12.797-19.45 161.574-60.57 309.33 9.383 371.093 147.413a324.173 324.173 0 0 1 8.19 34.123c17.061 56.987-7.167 121.48 9.725 155.604-7.849 36-36.683 13.82-40.266 30.881-8.531 41.29-14.844 59.717-40.778 78.826a196.38 196.38 0 0 1-30.711 22.35 84.285 84.285 0 0 0 22.35-39.753c-106.294 111.584-262.58 63.981-290.049-105.954a101.176 101.176 0 0 1 35.147-93.157c92.987-87.527 150.144-52.38 205.765-20.474l-8.872-30.711c-32.93-24.398-17.062-19.792-9.043-57.328v-4.436l-17.915-13.137c2.56 10.066 1.024 5.289 9.043 17.061-4.436 16.039 0 9.043-8.872 17.062-15.014 9.725-23.716 7.337-44.702 4.436l4.436-13.308-13.308-13.308c0 11.773-4.095 2.73 0 17.062-126.086 9.896-218.05 80.02-178.636 260.191a220.608 220.608 0 0 0 8.872 44.19l-8.872 8.702-4.436-26.446h-13.48l-4.435 13.308c-12.626-25.763-0.853 10.75 40.265 52.892a149.29 149.29 0 0 0 12.797 12.625c47.773 34.124 113.29 81.385 201.328 49.138h9.043v-4.436l-102.37-13.308-4.436-8.701c106.806 24.74 176.93-8.531 236.646-48.456 13.138-17.062 11.431-24.057 22.18-9.043 19.28-17.061 3.925-26.786 13.48-44.019 6.483-11.772 32.587-17.062 44.7-35.318l40.096-136.494h-17.062c3.071-14.332 22.522-34.123-4.436-48.455-2.559-1.536 9.043-1.365 8.872-4.266a145.537 145.537 0 0 0-22.18-66.37c33.1 21.669 36.342 68.247 53.574 105.783v8.872h4.436V375.36zM453.308 595.455l-9.555-26.446 62.446 57.328zM146.196 211.736l-23.204-4.436v39.754c16.72-10.578 18.939-10.407 22.35-35.318z m574.981 176.419a57.498 57.498 0 0 0-17.062 44.19l13.48 8.701a37.877 37.877 0 0 0 4.435-52.891zM868.42 555.872c26.275-11.602 54.598-58.01 35.83-97.081l-35.83 96.91z m-174.03-79.508c-15.697 11.773-19.791 13.308-22.35 39.754l13.307 8.872 17.915-8.872a60.228 60.228 0 0 0 4.436-48.455c-8.36 13.478-2.559 20.644-13.308 8.701z m-67.053 79.508c15.868-10.92 11.944-14.844 17.915-22.18v-4.778a292.097 292.097 0 0 1-62.446 0c-13.137-13.99-13.308-29.346-31.223-39.583 17.062 35.147 3.242 38.218 31.223 61.764a158.162 158.162 0 0 0 40.095 4.436c1.536 0-6.824-1.024 4.436 0zM207.79 520.554H194.31l-8.872 8.702c9.555 10.237 5.46 7.166 13.308-4.436L212.225 547l4.436-17.062-8.872-8.701z m17.062 57.328l4.436-8.873c-10.067-8.701 0-3.583-13.308 0l-13.309-17.061 4.436 17.061v8.873h17.062z" fill="#CE0C48"/></svg>
   if (id.startsWith('ubuntu')) return <svg className={size} viewBox="0 0 1024 1024"><circle cx="512" cy="512" r="511" fill="#DD4814"/><path d="M164.532 442.532c-37.676 0-68.2 30.524-68.2 68.2 0 37.656 30.524 68.184 68.2 68.184 37.66 0 68.184-30.528 68.184-68.184 0-37.676-30.524-68.2-68.184-68.2z m486.86 309.912c-32.612 18.84-43.8 60.52-24.96 93.116 18.82 32.616 60.5 43.796 93.116 24.96 32.612-18.82 43.796-60.5 24.96-93.12-18.82-32.592-60.524-43.772-93.116-24.956z m-338.744-241.712c0-67.384 33.472-126.92 84.684-162.968L347.48 264.268c-59.656 39.88-104.048 100.816-122.496 172.188 21.528 17.56 35.304 44.3 35.304 74.272 0 29.956-13.776 56.696-35.304 74.26C243.408 656.376 287.8 717.32 347.48 757.2l49.852-83.52c-51.212-36.028-84.684-95.56-84.684-162.948z m199.168-199.188c104.052 0 189.42 79.776 198.38 181.52l97.16-1.432c-4.776-75.112-37.592-142.544-88.008-192.128-25.928 9.796-55.88 8.296-81.76-6.624-25.932-14.964-42.192-40.208-46.636-67.608a297.04 297.04 0 0 0-79.14-10.76 295.148 295.148 0 0 0-131.276 30.652l47.38 84.908a198.384 198.384 0 0 1 83.9-18.528z m0 398.36a198.404 198.404 0 0 1-83.896-18.528l-47.38 84.9a294.848 294.848 0 0 0 131.28 30.684 296.16 296.16 0 0 0 79.136-10.788c4.444-27.4 20.708-52.62 46.632-67.608 25.904-14.948 55.836-16.42 81.76-6.624 50.42-49.584 83.232-117.016 88.016-192.128l-97.188-1.432c-8.94 101.772-94.304 181.52-198.36 181.52z m139.552-440.924c32.616 18.832 74.3 7.68 93.116-24.936 18.84-32.616 7.68-74.3-24.936-93.14-32.616-18.816-74.296-7.64-93.14 24.976-18.812 32.6-7.632 74.28 24.96 93.1z" fill="#FFF"/></svg>
   if (id.startsWith('alpine')) return <svg className={size} viewBox="0 0 1024 1024"><path d="M255.914667 68.565333L0 512l255.914667 443.434667h512.170666L1024 512 768.085333 68.565333H255.914667zM425.173333 303.786667L540.16 422.4l68.181333 68.053333 0.085334-0.085333 102.826666 100.821333c-8.533333 5.973333-16.469333 10.752-24.021333 14.677334a160.256 160.256 0 0 1-21.162667 9.258666 115.285333 115.285333 0 0 1-18.133333 4.736c-5.589333 0.981333-10.666667 1.450667-15.274667 1.450667-5.546667 0-10.325333-0.597333-14.421333-1.450667a56.192 56.192 0 0 1-10.24-3.072 40.533333 40.533333 0 0 1-8.533333-4.821333l-45.312-46.592-129.664-129.749333-46.933334 44.928-130.986666 131.072a41.557333 41.557333 0 0 1-8.533334 4.736 54.357333 54.357333 0 0 1-10.112 3.114666 70.826667 70.826667 0 0 1-14.421333 1.408c-4.608 0-9.685333-0.384-15.274667-1.322666a115.2 115.2 0 0 1-18.133333-4.864 159.914667 159.914667 0 0 1-21.162667-9.258667 223.061333 223.061333 0 0 1-24.021333-14.634667L425.173333 303.786667z m201.386667 33.493333l195.370667 196.181333 58.965333 57.728a223.573333 223.573333 0 0 1-24.064 14.677334 159.146667 159.146667 0 0 1-21.077333 9.258666 115.072 115.072 0 0 1-18.176 4.736c-5.546667 0.981333-10.709333 1.450667-15.36 1.450667-5.504 0-10.282667-0.597333-14.378667-1.450667a54.826667 54.826667 0 0 1-16.426667-6.229333 10.197333 10.197333 0 0 1-2.261333-1.706667l-52.565333-51.968-90.069334-90.069333-14.250666 14.250667L545.706667 418.133333l80.896-80.938666z m-254.549333 175.786667v107.904a90.794667 90.794667 0 0 1-15.189334-1.493334 117.973333 117.973333 0 0 1-18.005333-4.949333 158.208 158.208 0 0 1-20.821333-9.130667 222.592 222.592 0 0 1-23.68-14.506666l77.653333-77.866667z" fill="#0D597F"/></svg>

frontend/src/pages/Containers.tsx

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ export default function Containers() {
   const [tasks, setTasks] = useState<Task[]>([])
   const [queuedCreates, setQueuedCreates] = useState<Record<string, CreateContainerRequest>>({})
   const [searchText, setSearchText] = useState('')
+  const [typeFilter, setTypeFilter] = useState('all')
   const [systemFilter, setSystemFilter] = useState('all')
   const [statusFilter, setStatusFilter] = useState('all')
   const [page, setPage] = useState(1)
@@ -168,12 +169,13 @@ export default function Containers() {
   const filteredContainers = useMemo(() => {
     return filterContainers(displayContainers, {
       search: searchText,
+      type: typeFilter,
       system: systemFilter,
       status: statusFilter,
       taskStatusMap,
       taskNameMap,
     })
-  }, [displayContainers, searchText, systemFilter, statusFilter, tasks])
+  }, [displayContainers, searchText, typeFilter, systemFilter, statusFilter, tasks])
   const totalPages = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(filteredContainers.length / pageSize))
   const currentPage = Math.min(page, totalPages)
   const pageStart = (currentPage - 1) * pageSize
@@ -185,7 +187,7 @@ export default function Containers() {
 
   useEffect(() => {
     setPage(1)
-  }, [searchText, systemFilter, statusFilter, pageSize])
+  }, [searchText, typeFilter, systemFilter, statusFilter, pageSize])
 
   const toggleAll = () => {
     if (allFilteredSelected) {
@@ -235,25 +237,42 @@ export default function Containers() {
           </p>
         </div>
         <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-end gap-2">
-          {selected.size > 0 && (
+          <button
-            <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-md px-3 py-1.5">
+            onClick={handleRefreshList}
-              <span className="text-xs text-gray-500 mr-1">{selected.size} 个</span>
+            disabled={refreshing}
-              <button onClick={() => handleBatchAction('start')} disabled={batchLoading || hasActiveTasks(tasks)} className="inline-flex items-center gap-1 px-2.5 py-1 text-xs text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-200 rounded border border-gray-300 disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed">
+            className="flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1.5 border border-gray-300 text-gray-700 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-50 transition-colors text-xs font-medium whitespace-nowrap disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed"
-                <Play className="w-3 h-3" />{batchLoading ? '执行中...' : '开机'}
+            title="刷新列表"
+          >
+            <RefreshCw className={`w-3.5 h-3.5 ${refreshing ? 'animate-spin' : ''}`} />
+            刷新
           </button>
-              <button onClick={() => handleBatchAction('stop')} disabled={batchLoading || hasActiveTasks(tasks)} className="inline-flex items-center gap-1 px-2.5 py-1 text-xs text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-200 rounded border border-gray-300 disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed">
+          <button
-                <Square className="w-3 h-3" />{batchLoading ? '执行中...' : '关机'}
+            onClick={() => setShowTasks(true)}
-              </button>
+            className="flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1.5 border border-gray-300 text-gray-700 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-50 transition-colors text-xs font-medium whitespace-nowrap"
-              <button onClick={() => handleBatchAction('restart')} disabled={batchLoading || hasActiveTasks(tasks)} className="inline-flex items-center gap-1 px-2.5 py-1 text-xs text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-200 rounded border border-gray-300 disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed">
+          >
-                <RotateCcw className="w-3 h-3" />{batchLoading ? '执行中...' : '重启'}
+            <ListTodo className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
-              </button>
+            任务队列
-              <button onClick={() => handleBatchAction('delete')} disabled={batchLoading || hasActiveTasks(tasks)} className="inline-flex items-center gap-1 px-2.5 py-1 text-xs text-red-600 hover:bg-red-50 rounded border border-red-200 disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed">
+            {activeTaskCount > 0 && (
-                <Trash2 className="w-3 h-3" />{batchLoading ? '执行中...' : '删除'}
+              <span className="ml-0.5 rounded bg-amber-100 px-1.5 py-0.5 text-[11px] font-medium text-amber-700">
-              </button>
+                {activeTaskCount}
-            </div>
+              </span>
             )}
+          </button>
+          {!isSubUser && (
+            <button
+              onClick={() => setShowCreate(true)}
+              className="flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1.5 bg-black text-white rounded-md hover:bg-gray-800 transition-colors text-xs font-medium whitespace-nowrap"
+            >
+              <Plus className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
+              创建容器
+            </button>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
       {displayContainers.length > 0 && (
-            <>
+        <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-2">
+          <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2">
             <div className="relative w-[260px]">
               <Search className="pointer-events-none absolute left-2.5 top-1/2 h-3.5 w-3.5 -translate-y-1/2 text-gray-400" />
               <input
@@ -263,6 +282,16 @@ export default function Containers() {
                 placeholder="搜索名称、ID、UUID、IP"
               />
             </div>
+            <select
+              value={typeFilter}
+              onChange={(event) => setTypeFilter(event.target.value)}
+              className="h-8 rounded-md border border-gray-300 bg-white px-2 text-xs text-gray-700 outline-none focus:border-black focus:ring-2 focus:ring-black"
+              title="类型筛选"
+            >
+              <option value="all">全部类型</option>
+              <option value="lxc">LXC</option>
+              <option value="kvm">KVM</option>
+            </select>
             <select
               value={systemFilter}
               onChange={(event) => setSystemFilter(event.target.value)}
@@ -297,40 +326,27 @@ export default function Containers() {
               <option value={20}>20 / 页</option>
               <option value={50}>50 / 页</option>
             </select>
-            </>
+          </div>
-          )}
+
-          <button
+          {selected.size > 0 && (
-            onClick={handleRefreshList}
+            <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-end gap-1.5">
-            disabled={refreshing}
+              <span className="text-xs text-gray-500">{selected.size} 个</span>
-            className="flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1.5 border border-gray-300 text-gray-700 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-50 transition-colors text-xs font-medium whitespace-nowrap disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed"
+              <button onClick={() => handleBatchAction('start')} disabled={batchLoading || hasActiveTasks(tasks)} className="inline-flex h-8 items-center gap-1 px-2.5 text-xs text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 rounded border border-gray-300 disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed">
-            title="刷新列表"
+                <Play className="w-3 h-3" />{batchLoading ? '执行中...' : '开机'}
-          >
-            <RefreshCw className={`w-3.5 h-3.5 ${refreshing ? 'animate-spin' : ''}`} />
-            刷新
               </button>
-          <button
+              <button onClick={() => handleBatchAction('stop')} disabled={batchLoading || hasActiveTasks(tasks)} className="inline-flex h-8 items-center gap-1 px-2.5 text-xs text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 rounded border border-gray-300 disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed">
-            onClick={() => setShowTasks(true)}
+                <Square className="w-3 h-3" />{batchLoading ? '执行中...' : '关机'}
-            className="flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1.5 border border-gray-300 text-gray-700 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-50 transition-colors text-xs font-medium whitespace-nowrap"
-          >
-            <ListTodo className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
-            任务队列
-            {activeTaskCount > 0 && (
-              <span className="ml-0.5 rounded bg-amber-100 px-1.5 py-0.5 text-[11px] font-medium text-amber-700">
-                {activeTaskCount}
-              </span>
-            )}
               </button>
-          {!isSubUser && (
+              <button onClick={() => handleBatchAction('restart')} disabled={batchLoading || hasActiveTasks(tasks)} className="inline-flex h-8 items-center gap-1 px-2.5 text-xs text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 rounded border border-gray-300 disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed">
-            <button
+                <RotateCcw className="w-3 h-3" />{batchLoading ? '执行中...' : '重启'}
-              onClick={() => setShowCreate(true)}
-              className="flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1.5 bg-black text-white rounded-md hover:bg-gray-800 transition-colors text-xs font-medium whitespace-nowrap"
-            >
-              <Plus className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
-              创建容器
               </button>
+              <button onClick={() => handleBatchAction('delete')} disabled={batchLoading || hasActiveTasks(tasks)} className="inline-flex h-8 items-center gap-1 px-2.5 text-xs text-red-600 hover:bg-red-50 rounded border border-red-200 disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed">
+                <Trash2 className="w-3 h-3" />{batchLoading ? '执行中...' : '删除'}
+              </button>
+            </div>
           )}
         </div>
-      </div>
+      )}
 
       {displayContainers.length === 0 ? (
         <div className="bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-lg p-12 text-center">
@@ -343,7 +359,7 @@ export default function Containers() {
       ) : (
         <div className="bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-lg overflow-hidden">
           <div className="overflow-x-auto">
-            <table className="w-full min-w-[1200px]">
+            <table className="w-full min-w-[1260px]">
               <thead>
                 <tr className="border-b border-gray-200 bg-gray-50">
                   <th className="w-10 px-3 py-3">
@@ -361,6 +377,7 @@ export default function Containers() {
                   <TableHead>名称</TableHead>
                   <TableHead>状态</TableHead>
                   <TableHead>系统</TableHead>
+                  <TableHead>类型</TableHead>
                   <TableHead icon><Cpu className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />CPU</TableHead>
                   <TableHead icon><MemoryStick className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />MEMORY</TableHead>
                   <TableHead icon><HardDrive className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />DISK</TableHead>
@@ -421,6 +438,9 @@ export default function Containers() {
                           {getTemplateName(container.template)}
                         </span>
                       </td>
+                      <td className="px-2.5 py-2 align-top">
+                        <RuntimeBadge runtime={container.virtualization || 'lxc'} />
+                      </td>
                       <td className="px-2.5 py-2 align-top">
                         <ProgressCell pct={cpuPct} />
                       </td>
@@ -612,6 +632,15 @@ function StatusBadge({ running, task, placeholder }: { running: boolean; task?:
   )
 }
 
+function RuntimeBadge({ runtime }: { runtime: string }) {
+  const normalized = runtime === 'kvm' ? 'kvm' : 'lxc'
+  return (
+    <span className={`inline-flex rounded px-2 py-0.5 text-[11px] font-medium ${normalized === 'kvm' ? 'bg-indigo-50 text-indigo-700' : 'bg-gray-100 text-gray-700'}`}>
+      {normalized.toUpperCase()}
+    </span>
+  )
+}
+
 function buildDisplayContainers(
   containers: Container[],
   queuedCreates: Record<string, CreateContainerRequest>,
@@ -643,6 +672,7 @@ function toPlaceholder(cfg: CreateContainerRequest): DisplayContainer {
     id: 0,
     uuid: '',
     name: cfg.name,
+    virtualization: cfg.virtualization || 'lxc',
     template: cfg.template_id,
     vcpu: cfg.vcpu,
     ram_mb: cfg.ram_mb,
@@ -715,6 +745,7 @@ function hasActiveTasks(tasks: Task[]) {
 
 type ContainerFilters = {
   search: string
+  type: string
   system: string
   status: string
   taskStatusMap: Record<number, Task>
@@ -728,6 +759,9 @@ function filterContainers(containers: DisplayContainer[], filters: ContainerFilt
     if (filters.system !== 'all' && getSystemFilterValue(container.template) !== filters.system) {
       return false
     }
+    if (filters.type !== 'all' && (container.virtualization || 'lxc') !== filters.type) {
+      return false
+    }
     if (filters.status !== 'all' && getContainerStatusFilterValue(container, task) !== filters.status) {
       return false
     }
@@ -740,6 +774,7 @@ function filterContainers(containers: DisplayContainer[], filters: ContainerFilt
       container.ip,
       container.ipv6,
       container.template,
+      container.virtualization || 'lxc',
       getTemplateName(container.template),
       getSystemFilterLabel(getSystemFilterValue(container.template)),
       String(container.ssh_port || ''),
@@ -760,14 +795,15 @@ function buildSystemOptions(containers: DisplayContainer[]) {
 }
 
 function getSystemFilterValue(template: string) {
-  if (template.startsWith('ubuntu')) return 'ubuntu'
+  const normalized = template.startsWith('kvm-') ? template.slice(4) : template
-  if (template.startsWith('debian')) return 'debian'
+  if (normalized.startsWith('ubuntu')) return 'ubuntu'
-  if (template.startsWith('alpine')) return 'alpine'
+  if (normalized.startsWith('debian')) return 'debian'
-  if (template.startsWith('centos')) return 'centos'
+  if (normalized.startsWith('alpine')) return 'alpine'
-  if (template.startsWith('archlinux')) return 'archlinux'
+  if (normalized.startsWith('centos')) return 'centos'
-  if (template.startsWith('fedora')) return 'fedora'
+  if (normalized.startsWith('archlinux')) return 'archlinux'
-  if (template.startsWith('rockylinux')) return 'rockylinux'
+  if (normalized.startsWith('fedora')) return 'fedora'
-  return template || 'unknown'
+  if (normalized.startsWith('rockylinux')) return 'rockylinux'
+  return normalized || 'unknown'
 }
 
 function getSystemFilterLabel(system: string) {
@@ -903,12 +939,18 @@ function getTemplateName(id: string) {
     'archlinux-current': 'Arch Linux',
     'fedora-44': 'Fedora 44',
     'rockylinux-10': 'Rocky 10',
+    'kvm-ubuntu-noble': 'Ubuntu 24.04',
+    'kvm-ubuntu-jammy': 'Ubuntu 22.04',
+    'kvm-debian-bookworm': 'Debian 12',
+    'kvm-debian-bullseye': 'Debian 11',
+    'kvm-rockylinux-9': 'Rocky 9',
   }
   return map[id] || id
 }
 
 function getTemplateIcon(id: string): ReactNode {
   const size = 'w-4 h-4'
+  id = id.startsWith('kvm-') ? id.slice(4) : id
   if (id.startsWith('debian')) return <svg className={size} viewBox="0 0 1024 1024"><path d="M935.473 375.359a558.602 558.602 0 0 0-22.351-114.655l13.308 4.436c-35.66-81.385-90.086-163.623-153.556-199.282-8.701-5.118-35.147 4.948-26.616-12.113s-37.536-8.19-56.816-4.778c-26.275 4.266-30.028-29.175-75.071-35.83-25.593-3.582-32.247 18.427-44.702 13.309-23.545-9.384-20.816-27.64-57.669-9.384-18.427 9.042 11.602-26.105-49.138-4.607L457.744 0C349.23 41.63 318.69 76.266 288.15 79.337c-6.996 0-34.124 32.759-53.574 53.062-17.062 17.062-26.275 36.512-49.138 39.583l-17.062 70.636A136.494 136.494 0 0 0 119.41 339.7a66.711 66.711 0 0 1 4.436-52.892c-17.062 6.825-45.896 17.062-29.687 96.91 12.796 63.13-5.29 135.13 10.066 204.742 4.777 20.986 0 40.095 6.142 51.185 107.66 235.794 208.836 392.08 472.44 384.06l4.436-8.872c-28.152-6.825-55.11-17.062-111.584-30.711-18.597-4.436-23.033-34.124-40.265-44.19-9.384-5.46-28.323-4.095-37.195-9.896s4.266-21.668-19.962-14.332c-8.531 2.56-13.82-10.92-20.133-17.061s0-23.716-23.375-24.74-18.426-29.687-19.791-44.702c-12.114 1.536-1.195-1.535-13.308 4.436a63.64 63.64 0 0 1-23.887-31.735c-10.237-48.967-10.578-21.497-15.014-32.417a322.297 322.297 0 0 0-19.28-42.142l26.787 8.872h4.436l4.436-13.309-26.616-8.701h31.223c-7.678 13.99 2.047 5.29-13.479 8.872v13.308l22.35-8.872v-13.308c-20.644-10.237-28.663-13.308-49.137-22.01l9.043 8.872v4.436h-49.138c-22.01-14.843-13.99-31.734-17.915-53.062 17.062 0 9.213 6.655 17.062-13.137l-17.062 8.872 13.308-33.953-13.308 13.138c-29.176-38.73-16.209-97.764-11.943-152.02A180.684 180.684 0 0 1 211.2 372.97c8.872-10.067 5.119-25.251 5.46-37.195l31.223-26.445H265.8c7.678 17.061 4.777 5.46 0 22.01l8.872 4.435c7.166-8.701 6.142-5.971 8.872-22.01-10.066-10.578-6.995-9.895-26.616-13.308A119.432 119.432 0 0 1 368.51 243.13l4.436-13.308-17.915 9.043-4.436-13.138a109.536 109.536 0 0 1 76.095-27.128c6.313 0 6.996-17.062 12.797-19.45 161.574-60.57 309.33 9.383 371.093 147.413a324.173 324.173 0 0 1 8.19 34.123c17.061 56.987-7.167 121.48 9.725 155.604-7.849 36-36.683 13.82-40.266 30.881-8.531 41.29-14.844 59.717-40.778 78.826a196.38 196.38 0 0 1-30.711 22.35 84.285 84.285 0 0 0 22.35-39.753c-106.294 111.584-262.58 63.981-290.049-105.954a101.176 101.176 0 0 1 35.147-93.157c92.987-87.527 150.144-52.38 205.765-20.474l-8.872-30.711c-32.93-24.398-17.062-19.792-9.043-57.328v-4.436l-17.915-13.137c2.56 10.066 1.024 5.289 9.043 17.061-4.436 16.039 0 9.043-8.872 17.062-15.014 9.725-23.716 7.337-44.702 4.436l4.436-13.308-13.308-13.308c0 11.773-4.095 2.73 0 17.062-126.086 9.896-218.05 80.02-178.636 260.191a220.608 220.608 0 0 0 8.872 44.19l-8.872 8.702-4.436-26.446h-13.48l-4.435 13.308c-12.626-25.763-0.853 10.75 40.265 52.892a149.29 149.29 0 0 0 12.797 12.625c47.773 34.124 113.29 81.385 201.328 49.138h9.043v-4.436l-102.37-13.308-4.436-8.701c106.806 24.74 176.93-8.531 236.646-48.456 13.138-17.062 11.431-24.057 22.18-9.043 19.28-17.061 3.925-26.786 13.48-44.019 6.483-11.772 32.587-17.062 44.7-35.318l40.096-136.494h-17.062c3.071-14.332 22.522-34.123-4.436-48.455-2.559-1.536 9.043-1.365 8.872-4.266a145.537 145.537 0 0 0-22.18-66.37c33.1 21.669 36.342 68.247 53.574 105.783v8.872h4.436V375.36zM453.308 595.455l-9.555-26.446 62.446 57.328zM146.196 211.736l-23.204-4.436v39.754c16.72-10.578 18.939-10.407 22.35-35.318z m574.981 176.419a57.498 57.498 0 0 0-17.062 44.19l13.48 8.701a37.877 37.877 0 0 0 4.435-52.891zM868.42 555.872c26.275-11.602 54.598-58.01 35.83-97.081l-35.83 96.91z m-174.03-79.508c-15.697 11.773-19.791 13.308-22.35 39.754l13.307 8.872 17.915-8.872a60.228 60.228 0 0 0 4.436-48.455c-8.36 13.478-2.559 20.644-13.308 8.701z m-67.053 79.508c15.868-10.92 11.944-14.844 17.915-22.18v-4.778a292.097 292.097 0 0 1-62.446 0c-13.137-13.99-13.308-29.346-31.223-39.583 17.062 35.147 3.242 38.218 31.223 61.764a158.162 158.162 0 0 0 40.095 4.436c1.536 0-6.824-1.024 4.436 0zM207.79 520.554H194.31l-8.872 8.702c9.555 10.237 5.46 7.166 13.308-4.436L212.225 547l4.436-17.062-8.872-8.701z m17.062 57.328l4.436-8.873c-10.067-8.701 0-3.583-13.308 0l-13.309-17.061 4.436 17.061v8.873h17.062z" fill="#CE0C48"/></svg>
   if (id.startsWith('ubuntu')) return <svg className={size} viewBox="0 0 1024 1024"><circle cx="512" cy="512" r="511" fill="#DD4814"/><path d="M164.532 442.532c-37.676 0-68.2 30.524-68.2 68.2 0 37.656 30.524 68.184 68.2 68.184 37.66 0 68.184-30.528 68.184-68.184 0-37.676-30.524-68.2-68.184-68.2z m486.86 309.912c-32.612 18.84-43.8 60.52-24.96 93.116 18.82 32.616 60.5 43.796 93.116 24.96 32.612-18.82 43.796-60.5 24.96-93.12-18.82-32.592-60.524-43.772-93.116-24.956z m-338.744-241.712c0-67.384 33.472-126.92 84.684-162.968L347.48 264.268c-59.656 39.88-104.048 100.816-122.496 172.188 21.528 17.56 35.304 44.3 35.304 74.272 0 29.956-13.776 56.696-35.304 74.26C243.408 656.376 287.8 717.32 347.48 757.2l49.852-83.52c-51.212-36.028-84.684-95.56-84.684-162.948z m199.168-199.188c104.052 0 189.42 79.776 198.38 181.52l97.16-1.432c-4.776-75.112-37.592-142.544-88.008-192.128-25.928 9.796-55.88 8.296-81.76-6.624-25.932-14.964-42.192-40.208-46.636-67.608a297.04 297.04 0 0 0-79.14-10.76 295.148 295.148 0 0 0-131.276 30.652l47.38 84.908a198.384 198.384 0 0 1 83.9-18.528z m0 398.36a198.404 198.404 0 0 1-83.896-18.528l-47.38 84.9a294.848 294.848 0 0 0 131.28 30.684 296.16 296.16 0 0 0 79.136-10.788c4.444-27.4 20.708-52.62 46.632-67.608 25.904-14.948 55.836-16.42 81.76-6.624 50.42-49.584 83.232-117.016 88.016-192.128l-97.188-1.432c-8.94 101.772-94.304 181.52-198.36 181.52z m139.552-440.924c32.616 18.832 74.3 7.68 93.116-24.936 18.84-32.616 7.68-74.3-24.936-93.14-32.616-18.816-74.296-7.64-93.14 24.976-18.812 32.6-7.632 74.28 24.96 93.1z" fill="#FFF"/></svg>
   if (id.startsWith('alpine')) return <svg className={size} viewBox="0 0 1024 1024"><path d="M255.914667 68.565333L0 512l255.914667 443.434667h512.170666L1024 512 768.085333 68.565333H255.914667zM425.173333 303.786667L540.16 422.4l68.181333 68.053333 0.085334-0.085333 102.826666 100.821333c-8.533333 5.973333-16.469333 10.752-24.021333 14.677334a160.256 160.256 0 0 1-21.162667 9.258666 115.285333 115.285333 0 0 1-18.133333 4.736c-5.589333 0.981333-10.666667 1.450667-15.274667 1.450667-5.546667 0-10.325333-0.597333-14.421333-1.450667a56.192 56.192 0 0 1-10.24-3.072 40.533333 40.533333 0 0 1-8.533333-4.821333l-45.312-46.592-129.664-129.749333-46.933334 44.928-130.986666 131.072a41.557333 41.557333 0 0 1-8.533334 4.736 54.357333 54.357333 0 0 1-10.112 3.114666 70.826667 70.826667 0 0 1-14.421333 1.408c-4.608 0-9.685333-0.384-15.274667-1.322666a115.2 115.2 0 0 1-18.133333-4.864 159.914667 159.914667 0 0 1-21.162667-9.258667 223.061333 223.061333 0 0 1-24.021333-14.634667L425.173333 303.786667z m201.386667 33.493333l195.370667 196.181333 58.965333 57.728a223.573333 223.573333 0 0 1-24.064 14.677334 159.146667 159.146667 0 0 1-21.077333 9.258666 115.072 115.072 0 0 1-18.176 4.736c-5.546667 0.981333-10.709333 1.450667-15.36 1.450667-5.504 0-10.282667-0.597333-14.378667-1.450667a54.826667 54.826667 0 0 1-16.426667-6.229333 10.197333 10.197333 0 0 1-2.261333-1.706667l-52.565333-51.968-90.069334-90.069333-14.250666 14.250667L545.706667 418.133333l80.896-80.938666z m-254.549333 175.786667v107.904a90.794667 90.794667 0 0 1-15.189334-1.493334 117.973333 117.973333 0 0 1-18.005333-4.949333 158.208 158.208 0 0 1-20.821333-9.130667 222.592 222.592 0 0 1-23.68-14.506666l77.653333-77.866667z" fill="#0D597F"/></svg>

frontend/src/pages/ImageManagement.tsx

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ export default function ImageManagement() {
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true)
   const [actionLoading, setActionLoading] = useState<string | null>(null)
   const [error, setError] = useState('')
+  const [typeFilter, setTypeFilter] = useState('all')
 
   const fetchImages = useCallback(async () => {
     try {
@@ -80,6 +81,7 @@ export default function ImageManagement() {
   }
 
   const downloadedCount = images.filter((img) => img.downloaded).length
+  const visibleImages = images.filter((img) => typeFilter === 'all' || img.type === typeFilter)
 
   if (loading) {
     return (
@@ -99,6 +101,16 @@ export default function ImageManagement() {
             已下载 {downloadedCount}/{images.length}
           </p>
         </div>
+        <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+          <select
+            value={typeFilter}
+            onChange={(event) => setTypeFilter(event.target.value)}
+            className="h-8 rounded-md border border-gray-300 bg-white px-2 text-xs text-gray-700 outline-none focus:border-black focus:ring-2 focus:ring-black"
+          >
+            <option value="all">全部类型</option>
+            <option value="lxc">LXC</option>
+            <option value="kvm">KVM</option>
+          </select>
           <button
             onClick={fetchImages}
             className="flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1.5 border border-gray-300 text-gray-700 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-50 transition-colors text-xs font-medium"
@@ -107,6 +119,7 @@ export default function ImageManagement() {
             刷新
           </button>
         </div>
+      </div>
 
       {error && (
         <div className="flex items-center gap-2 bg-red-50 border border-red-200 rounded-lg px-4 py-3 text-sm text-red-700">
@@ -126,6 +139,9 @@ export default function ImageManagement() {
                 <th className="text-left px-4 py-3 text-[11px] font-medium text-gray-500 uppercase whitespace-nowrap">
                   发行版
                 </th>
+                <th className="text-left px-4 py-3 text-[11px] font-medium text-gray-500 uppercase whitespace-nowrap">
+                  类型
+                </th>
                 <th className="text-left px-4 py-3 text-[11px] font-medium text-gray-500 uppercase whitespace-nowrap">
                   架构
                 </th>
@@ -141,7 +157,7 @@ export default function ImageManagement() {
               </tr>
             </thead>
             <tbody className="divide-y divide-gray-100">
-              {images.map((img) => {
+              {visibleImages.map((img) => {
                 const isBusy = actionLoading === img.id
                 return (
                   <tr key={img.id} className="hover:bg-gray-50 transition-colors">
@@ -159,6 +175,11 @@ export default function ImageManagement() {
                     <td className="px-4 py-3 text-xs text-gray-600 font-mono">
                       {img.distro} {img.release}
                     </td>
+                    <td className="px-4 py-3">
+                      <span className={`inline-flex rounded px-2 py-0.5 text-[11px] font-medium ${img.type === 'kvm' ? 'bg-indigo-50 text-indigo-700' : 'bg-gray-100 text-gray-700'}`}>
+                        {(img.type || 'lxc').toUpperCase()}
+                      </span>
+                    </td>
                     <td className="px-4 py-3 text-xs text-gray-500 font-mono">
                       {img.arch}
                     </td>
@@ -264,6 +285,7 @@ function StatusBadge({ img }: { img: ImageInfo }) {
 
 function getTemplateIcon(id: string): ReactNode {
   const size = 'w-5 h-5'
+  id = id.startsWith('kvm-') ? id.slice(4) : id
   if (id.startsWith('debian')) return <svg className={size} viewBox="0 0 1024 1024"><path d="M935.473 375.359a558.602 558.602 0 0 0-22.351-114.655l13.308 4.436c-35.66-81.385-90.086-163.623-153.556-199.282-8.701-5.118-35.147 4.948-26.616-12.113s-37.536-8.19-56.816-4.778c-26.275 4.266-30.028-29.175-75.071-35.83-25.593-3.582-32.247 18.427-44.702 13.309-23.545-9.384-20.816-27.64-57.669-9.384-18.427 9.042 11.602-26.105-49.138-4.607L457.744 0C349.23 41.63 318.69 76.266 288.15 79.337c-6.996 0-34.124 32.759-53.574 53.062-17.062 17.062-26.275 36.512-49.138 39.583l-17.062 70.636A136.494 136.494 0 0 0 119.41 339.7a66.711 66.711 0 0 1 4.436-52.892c-17.062 6.825-45.896 17.062-29.687 96.91 12.796 63.13-5.29 135.13 10.066 204.742 4.777 20.986 0 40.095 6.142 51.185 107.66 235.794 208.836 392.08 472.44 384.06l4.436-8.872c-28.152-6.825-55.11-17.062-111.584-30.711-18.597-4.436-23.033-34.124-40.265-44.19-9.384-5.46-28.323-4.095-37.195-9.896s4.266-21.668-19.962-14.332c-8.531 2.56-13.82-10.92-20.133-17.061s0-23.716-23.375-24.74-18.426-29.687-19.791-44.702c-12.114 1.536-1.195-1.535-13.308 4.436a63.64 63.64 0 0 1-23.887-31.735c-10.237-48.967-10.578-21.497-15.014-32.417a322.297 322.297 0 0 0-19.28-42.142l26.787 8.872h4.436l4.436-13.309-26.616-8.701h31.223c-7.678 13.99 2.047 5.29-13.479 8.872v13.308l22.35-8.872v-13.308c-20.644-10.237-28.663-13.308-49.137-22.01l9.043 8.872v4.436h-49.138c-22.01-14.843-13.99-31.734-17.915-53.062 17.062 0 9.213 6.655 17.062-13.137l-17.062 8.872 13.308-33.953-13.308 13.138c-29.176-38.73-16.209-97.764-11.943-152.02A180.684 180.684 0 0 1 211.2 372.97c8.872-10.067 5.119-25.251 5.46-37.195l31.223-26.445H265.8c7.678 17.061 4.777 5.46 0 22.01l8.872 4.435c7.166-8.701 6.142-5.971 8.872-22.01-10.066-10.578-6.995-9.895-26.616-13.308A119.432 119.432 0 0 1 368.51 243.13l4.436-13.308-17.915 9.043-4.436-13.138a109.536 109.536 0 0 1 76.095-27.128c6.313 0 6.996-17.062 12.797-19.45 161.574-60.57 309.33 9.383 371.093 147.413a324.173 324.173 0 0 1 8.19 34.123c17.061 56.987-7.167 121.48 9.725 155.604-7.849 36-36.683 13.82-40.266 30.881-8.531 41.29-14.844 59.717-40.778 78.826a196.38 196.38 0 0 1-30.711 22.35 84.285 84.285 0 0 0 22.35-39.753c-106.294 111.584-262.58 63.981-290.049-105.954a101.176 101.176 0 0 1 35.147-93.157c92.987-87.527 150.144-52.38 205.765-20.474l-8.872-30.711c-32.93-24.398-17.062-19.792-9.043-57.328v-4.436l-17.915-13.137c2.56 10.066 1.024 5.289 9.043 17.061-4.436 16.039 0 9.043-8.872 17.062-15.014 9.725-23.716 7.337-44.702 4.436l4.436-13.308-13.308-13.308c0 11.773-4.095 2.73 0 17.062-126.086 9.896-218.05 80.02-178.636 260.191a220.608 220.608 0 0 0 8.872 44.19l-8.872 8.702-4.436-26.446h-13.48l-4.435 13.308c-12.626-25.763-0.853 10.75 40.265 52.892a149.29 149.29 0 0 0 12.797 12.625c47.773 34.124 113.29 81.385 201.328 49.138h9.043v-4.436l-102.37-13.308-4.436-8.701c106.806 24.74 176.93-8.531 236.646-48.456 13.138-17.062 11.431-24.057 22.18-9.043 19.28-17.061 3.925-26.786 13.48-44.019 6.483-11.772 32.587-17.062 44.7-35.318l40.096-136.494h-17.062c3.071-14.332 22.522-34.123-4.436-48.455-2.559-1.536 9.043-1.365 8.872-4.266a145.537 145.537 0 0 0-22.18-66.37c33.1 21.669 36.342 68.247 53.574 105.783v8.872h4.436V375.36zM453.308 595.455l-9.555-26.446 62.446 57.328zM146.196 211.736l-23.204-4.436v39.754c16.72-10.578 18.939-10.407 22.35-35.318z m574.981 176.419a57.498 57.498 0 0 0-17.062 44.19l13.48 8.701a37.877 37.877 0 0 0 4.435-52.891zM868.42 555.872c26.275-11.602 54.598-58.01 35.83-97.081l-35.83 96.91z m-174.03-79.508c-15.697 11.773-19.791 13.308-22.35 39.754l13.307 8.872 17.915-8.872a60.228 60.228 0 0 0 4.436-48.455c-8.36 13.478-2.559 20.644-13.308 8.701z m-67.053 79.508c15.868-10.92 11.944-14.844 17.915-22.18v-4.778a292.097 292.097 0 0 1-62.446 0c-13.137-13.99-13.308-29.346-31.223-39.583 17.062 35.147 3.242 38.218 31.223 61.764a158.162 158.162 0 0 0 40.095 4.436c1.536 0-6.824-1.024 4.436 0zM207.79 520.554H194.31l-8.872 8.702c9.555 10.237 5.46 7.166 13.308-4.436L212.225 547l4.436-17.062-8.872-8.701z m17.062 57.328l4.436-8.873c-10.067-8.701 0-3.583-13.308 0l-13.309-17.061 4.436 17.061v8.873h17.062z" fill="#CE0C48"/></svg>
   if (id.startsWith('ubuntu')) return <svg className={size} viewBox="0 0 1024 1024"><circle cx="512" cy="512" r="511" fill="#DD4814"/><path d="M164.532 442.532c-37.676 0-68.2 30.524-68.2 68.2 0 37.656 30.524 68.184 68.2 68.184 37.66 0 68.184-30.528 68.184-68.184 0-37.676-30.524-68.2-68.184-68.2z m486.86 309.912c-32.612 18.84-43.8 60.52-24.96 93.116 18.82 32.616 60.5 43.796 93.116 24.96 32.612-18.82 43.796-60.5 24.96-93.12-18.82-32.592-60.524-43.772-93.116-24.956z m-338.744-241.712c0-67.384 33.472-126.92 84.684-162.968L347.48 264.268c-59.656 39.88-104.048 100.816-122.496 172.188 21.528 17.56 35.304 44.3 35.304 74.272 0 29.956-13.776 56.696-35.304 74.26C243.408 656.376 287.8 717.32 347.48 757.2l49.852-83.52c-51.212-36.028-84.684-95.56-84.684-162.948z m199.168-199.188c104.052 0 189.42 79.776 198.38 181.52l97.16-1.432c-4.776-75.112-37.592-142.544-88.008-192.128-25.928 9.796-55.88 8.296-81.76-6.624-25.932-14.964-42.192-40.208-46.636-67.608a297.04 297.04 0 0 0-79.14-10.76 295.148 295.148 0 0 0-131.276 30.652l47.38 84.908a198.384 198.384 0 0 1 83.9-18.528z m0 398.36a198.404 198.404 0 0 1-83.896-18.528l-47.38 84.9a294.848 294.848 0 0 0 131.28 30.684 296.16 296.16 0 0 0 79.136-10.788c4.444-27.4 20.708-52.62 46.632-67.608 25.904-14.948 55.836-16.42 81.76-6.624 50.42-49.584 83.232-117.016 88.016-192.128l-97.188-1.432c-8.94 101.772-94.304 181.52-198.36 181.52z m139.552-440.924c32.616 18.832 74.3 7.68 93.116-24.936 18.84-32.616 7.68-74.3-24.936-93.14-32.616-18.816-74.296-7.64-93.14 24.976-18.812 32.6-7.632 74.28 24.96 93.1z" fill="#FFF"/></svg>
   if (id.startsWith('alpine')) return <svg className={size} viewBox="0 0 1024 1024"><path d="M255.914667 68.565333L0 512l255.914667 443.434667h512.170666L1024 512 768.085333 68.565333H255.914667zM425.173333 303.786667L540.16 422.4l68.181333 68.053333 0.085334-0.085333 102.826666 100.821333c-8.533333 5.973333-16.469333 10.752-24.021333 14.677334a160.256 160.256 0 0 1-21.162667 9.258666 115.285333 115.285333 0 0 1-18.133333 4.736c-5.589333 0.981333-10.666667 1.450667-15.274667 1.450667-5.546667 0-10.325333-0.597333-14.421333-1.450667a56.192 56.192 0 0 1-10.24-3.072 40.533333 40.533333 0 0 1-8.533333-4.821333l-45.312-46.592-129.664-129.749333-46.933334 44.928-130.986666 131.072a41.557333 41.557333 0 0 1-8.533334 4.736 54.357333 54.357333 0 0 1-10.112 3.114666 70.826667 70.826667 0 0 1-14.421333 1.408c-4.608 0-9.685333-0.384-15.274667-1.322666a115.2 115.2 0 0 1-18.133333-4.864 159.914667 159.914667 0 0 1-21.162667-9.258667 223.061333 223.061333 0 0 1-24.021333-14.634667L425.173333 303.786667z m201.386667 33.493333l195.370667 196.181333 58.965333 57.728a223.573333 223.573333 0 0 1-24.064 14.677334 159.146667 159.146667 0 0 1-21.077333 9.258666 115.072 115.072 0 0 1-18.176 4.736c-5.546667 0.981333-10.709333 1.450667-15.36 1.450667-5.504 0-10.282667-0.597333-14.378667-1.450667a54.826667 54.826667 0 0 1-16.426667-6.229333 10.197333 10.197333 0 0 1-2.261333-1.706667l-52.565333-51.968-90.069334-90.069333-14.250666 14.250667L545.706667 418.133333l80.896-80.938666z m-254.549333 175.786667v107.904a90.794667 90.794667 0 0 1-15.189334-1.493334 117.973333 117.973333 0 0 1-18.005333-4.949333 158.208 158.208 0 0 1-20.821333-9.130667 222.592 222.592 0 0 1-23.68-14.506666l77.653333-77.866667z" fill="#0D597F"/></svg>

frontend/src/services/api.ts

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ export interface Container {
   id: number
   uuid: string
   name: string
+  virtualization?: string
   template: string
   vcpu: number
   ram_mb: number
@@ -85,6 +86,7 @@ export interface Container {
 export interface Template {
   id: string
   name: string
+  type?: string
   distro: string
   release: string
   arch: string
@@ -94,6 +96,7 @@ export interface Template {
 
 export interface CreateContainerRequest {
   name: string
+  virtualization: string
   template_id: string
   vcpu: number
   cpu_percent: number
@@ -338,6 +341,7 @@ export const getTemplates = () =>
 export interface ImageInfo {
   id: string
   name: string
+  type: string
   distro: string
   release: string
   arch: string
@@ -352,7 +356,7 @@ export const getImages = () =>
   api.get<APIResponse<ImageInfo[]>>('/images')
 
 export const downloadImage = (templateId: string) =>
-  api.post<APIResponse>('/images/download', { template_id: templateId }, { timeout: 600000 }) // 10min timeout
+  api.post<APIResponse>('/images/download', { template_id: templateId }, { timeout: 1800000 }) // 30min timeout
 
 export const deleteImage = (templateId: string) =>
   api.delete<APIResponse>('/images/delete', { data: { template_id: templateId } })
@@ -360,8 +364,8 @@ export const deleteImage = (templateId: string) =>
 export const toggleImage = (templateId: string, enabled: boolean) =>
   api.put<APIResponse>('/images/toggle', { template_id: templateId, enabled })
 
-export const getEnabledImages = () =>
+export const getEnabledImages = (virtualization = 'lxc') =>
-  api.get<APIResponse<Template[]>>('/images/enabled')
+  api.get<APIResponse<Template[]>>('/images/enabled', { params: { type: virtualization } })
 
 // Dashboard
 export const getDashboard = () =>